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Plumbing
Subdivision
When measuring plumbing, it is particularly important to follow a logical sequence of taking-off in order to be sure that no part is missed. Frequently, particularly on a small domestic installation, the only information shown on the drawings is the location of sanitary appliances. If this is the case then the measurement of the appliances is fairly straightforward and forms a logical start. After the sanitary appliances have been measured, and possibly coloured in on the drawings, it is then easier to decide on a pipework layout for both wastes and supplies. i!es of waste pipes are dictated by the si!e of the waste fitting from the appliance, e.g. wash basins "#mm and baths and sinks "$mm. upply pipework si!es for a small installation should not be too difficult to assess. %he rising main is usually in &'mm pipework and the down feeds from the cistern in #$ or ##mm, reducing to &'mm for the individual feeds e(cept for baths, which require ##mm. Adequate isolating and drain-off valves should be included in the system to enable sections to be isolated and drained. )ate valves and ball valves do not restrict the flow of water when fully open and should be used on the low pressure distribution part of the system. ome water supply companies still require an indirect system with a drinking feed to the kitchen sink taken off the rising main and the other cold feeds coming from a storage tank. %he capacity of the cold water tank is given either as nominal, i.e. filled to the top edge, or actual, i.e. filled to the working water line. %he requirements of water supply companies vary considerably in required capacities but this should be at least &&# litres actual for storage only, rising to ##' litres for storage and feeding a hot water system. %he cold water tank may have to be raised to provide adequate pressure and flow, particularly for showers, and the roof construction may have to be strengthened to support the additional weight. %he inlet to the tank is controlled by a ball valve and the outlet should be opposite the inlet to avoid stagnation of water. An overflow pipe with twice the capacity of the inlet should be provided. An alternative installation, where permitted, is for all appliances to be fed directly from the incoming main supply, without the need for a cold water tank. *efore attempting to measure a plumbing installation, trade catalogues depicting fittings available for the specified pipework should be obtained for reference. A selection can then be made of suitable fittings for connections to various appliances. A diagrammatic layout of the plumbing when provided is often not to scale and drawn in two dimensions. When measuring from such a diagram, one has to visuali!e the layout in three dimensions and to relate pipe runs to the structure. %his will enable realistic lengths of pipes to be measured and the correct number of bends to be taken. ometimes, when measuring copper pipes, it is difficult to decide whether to take made bands +i.e. the pipe bent to form the bend, or fittings. )enerally, made bends should only be taken for minor changes in direction of pipes or on short lengths. It should be remembered that long lengths of pipes with made bands may be
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Note: Insulation of pipes and builder/s work in connection +e.g. chases, holes, painting, etc., should be taken after each subdivision. An alternative approach to measurement is to follow the flow of water from the water main, through the building to the sanitary appliances and discharging into the drains. %his is a more logical approach and would probably be adopted if the layout of the whole system is
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Sanitary appliances
If sanitary appliances are specified fully then they are enumerated and the description should include the type, colour, si!e, capacity and method of fi(ing, including details of supports, mountings and bedding and pointing. Frequently a catalogue or * reference is used for part of the description but care must be taken to define any alternatives available. If full details are not available then a 4. sum may be included for the supply of the appliances, an item included for contractor/s profit and fi(ing measured as enumerated items. 5escriptions should make it clear whether items such as taps, traps, overflow assemblies and bath panels are included with the appliance. mall items such as towel rails, mirrors and soap dishes must not be overlooked. Any builder/s work such as tile splashbacks, bearers, backboards, painting and similar items necessary for the installation should be measured at this stage.
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4ipes laid in ducts, trenches, floor screeds and in situ concrete have to be so described. Fittings, such as bends and tees, to pipes not e(ceeding 8'mm diameter are enumerated and taken as e(tra over the largest pipe and are described as fittings with one, two or three ends, stating whether inspection doors are present. Fittings not falling within these categories are also measured e(tra over the largest pipe but are described with the method of 2ointing stated. pecial 2oints and connections to different pipes and ancillaries are enumerated and described as e(tra over the pipe, stating the method of 2ointing. %esting the foul drainage is given as an item, giving details of the tests and any attendance required. .utting mortices and sinkings for the installation are enumerated stating their si!e and the nature of the structure and any necessary making good. 9inear measurements are taken for cutting chases, stating the number and si!es of pipes, the nature of the structure and any necessary making good. 1oles for pipes are enumerated and grouped as not e(ceeding 'mm, '' to &&:mm, and e(ceeding &&:mm nominal bore + 33 4"&.#:,. Although in some work sections holes are deemed included, those made at a later stage for services are considered to be measurable. 3etal slates and collars and collars around pipes in asphalt and felt are enumerated. 4aintings pipes, described as painting services, is measured linear to pipes not e(ceeding "::mm girth and superficial to those e(ceeding "::mm girth. %he measurement of overflow pipes to flushing cisterns must not be overlooked7 these are measured in the same way as waste pipes.
Cold water
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Hot water
5omestic hot water systems, apart from the pipework, have three main components - the boiler, the cylinder for storage and the cold feed storage. uitable pipe si!es would be #$mm for the primary flow and return between the cylinder and boiler and for the cold feed storage. uitable pipe si!es would be #$mm for the primary flow and return between the cylinder would be #$mm, reducing to ##mm for the vent and to &'mm sink or basin supplies and ##mm for the bath. %hese si!es should be regarded as minima7 si!es would be increased for a larger number of draw-off points. When an indirect heating circuit is included in the system then either a self-venting cylinder or a separate e(pansion and feed tank have to be provided. Whilst heating installation are considered to be beyond the scope of this book it is worth mentioning that a separate bill heading of low temperature hot water heating +smallscale, would have to be introduced. *oilers and cylinders are enumerated and described under the rules for equipment7 the description should include, as appropriate, the type, si!e, pattern, rated duty, capacity, loading and methods of 2ointing. %he remainder of the work is measured ad described above.
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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 4 outcome No: 1Plumbing Further Readings
Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works, Seventh Edition Revised 1998 +9ondon?I. *ooks, &@@$,. 4atric ,A. B 4atric, 3. +#::C,SMM7 E !lained "nd #llustrated, ?I. , pp'C to @# andra, 9.,William, %.,BWillis, A. +#::', Willis$s Elements of %uantit& Surve&ing: "rd,ed., *lackwell, pp ##'-#"&
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