Present idefinite tense He studies in college / I study in school.

- Subject 'He' is third person singular, hence 's/es' is added with the verb and 'I' is first person hence 's/es' is not added with the verb. Dog bar s / Dogs bar - Here 's/es' is added when subject is third person singular and 'e/es' is not added when subject beco!es third person plural. "resent Indefinite #ense - "ositive "erson Ist "erson -Singular Ist "erson -"lural *nd "erson ,rd "erson -Singular ,rd "erson -"lural Subject I )e +ou He/She/It/%a!/See!a #hey/boys $ain %avivar o &hurch jata hoon. 'bserve addition of 's' or 'es' with verb (o (o (o (oes (o to &hurch on Sunday. to &hurch on Sunday. to &hurch on Sunday. to &hurch on Sunday. to &hurch on Sunday.

(eneral rule of adding -s. or -es. with verb /es/ is added with verb which ends with letter/ / /'/ /&H/ /SS/ /SH/ /4/ 01a!ples (o-goes, Do-does, #each-teaches, 2etch-fetches $iss-!isses, 3iss- isses 2inish-finishes, )ash-washes 5o1-bo1es, fa1-fa1es

)hen last letter of verb is 'y' and second last letter is a consonant, then for adding 's' with the verb, the letter 'y' is replaced with 'ies' jaisay - study-studies, cry-cries, try-tries. )hen last letter of verb is 'y' and second last letter is a vowel, then we just add 's' after 'y' jaisay - obey-obeys, play-plays, day-days. In al!ost other cases, /s/ is added with the verb.

6 sentence !ust have a verb. )hen another verb co!es in the sentence, '#o' is used before another verb7s8 7other than !ain verb8. e.g. He goes part to see 6nita. Here !ain verb is 'go' which is used as per rule of the tense and another verb is 'see' hence 'to' is used before verb 'see'.

)hen '&o!e or (o' is used before na!e of places in a sentence, '#o' is used after '&o!e/(o' '#o' is not used before the words - 'Ho!e / 6broad / Here / #here' )e plan to go to 9aipur. ,,, #hey plan to go abroad.,,, $other tells lie to protect her child.,,, :eaders co!e to as for vote.,,,, Shipla goes to college to enjoy.. This table costs Rs. 100 'Do / Does' is also used to emphasise something in Present Indefinite Tense Kisi baat par jor denay kay liye bhi 'Do / Does' ka prayog hota hai Sentence He does get up at five every day. She does now 6n it. +ou do !eet %a hi every alternate day. Vakya Vaha pratidin panch bajay avashya uthta hai. Vaha Ankit ko avashya janti hai. Tum Rakhi ko har ek din chhod kar ek din avashya miltay ho.

Sometimes Present Indefinite Tense is used for Future Tense mostly when future action is considered as already fixed programme. Sentence )e start to!orrow 'ur school closes for su!!er vacation to!orrow. 6vyan reaches India to!orrow. Does 6n it's !arriage co!e off ne1t Sunday; Vakya Hum kal chalengay. Hamara school garmiyo ki chhuttiyo kay liye kal band hoga. A yan kal !ndia pahunch raha hai. Kya Ankit kee shadi aglay "unday hai#

Changing of Sentences !ffirmati"e Sentence ## $egati"e Sentence ## Interrogati"e Sentence

Possiti"e I go to te!ple everyday. He co!pletes his ho!ewor daily. He studies in seventh class. His sisters go to college daily. $egati"e I do not go to te!ple everyday. He does not co!plete his ho!ewor daily. He does not study in seventh class. His sisters do not go to college daily. Interrogati"e Do I go to te!ple everyday; Does he co!plete his ho!ewor daily; Does he study in seventh class; Do his sisters go to college daily;

#heir sister also goes to college daily. $y teacher loves all good students. #eachers, in our school, !onitor growth of every student. (irls love to gossip. I want to help the poor boy. He wor s very hard. #eachers also support hi!.

#heir sister also does not go to college daily. $y teacher does not love all good students.

Does their sister also go to college daily; Does !y teacher love all good students;

#eachers, in our school, do not !onitor growth Do teachers, in our school, !onitor growth o of every student. every student; (irls do not love to gossip. I do not want to help the poor boy. He does not wor very hard. #eachers also do not support hi!. Do girls love to gossip; Do I want to help the poor boy; Does he wor very hard; Do teachers also support hi!;

Past indefinite tense 'Did' is also used to emphasise something in Past Indefinite Tense 3isi baat par jor denay ay liye bhi 'Did' a prayog hota hai Sentence He did learn his lesson daily. She did now 6n it. I did consult !y brother on this topic. %a&ya <snay pratidin apna paath a"ashya yaad iya. =aha 6n it o a"ashya janti thee. $ainay is topic par !eray bhai sey a"ashya para!arsh iya.

n "ast Indefinite #ense, ti!e !ay or !ay not co!e. In the sentences which appears as present perfect tense or past perfect tense and ti!e is !entioned, then it is also translated in past indefinite tense. #i!e is !ain i!portant fact in differentiating "ast Indefinite #ense. "ast Indefinte #ense va yo !ain sa!ay a prayog ho bhi sa ta hai aur nahi bhi. 9o va ya di hnay !ain "resent "erfect #ense ya "ast "erfect #ense lagtay hai le in agar us!ay sa!ay aa jaye, to vah "ast Indefinite ay antargat aa jatay hai. Sentence 6nuj illed his wife 6nuj has illed his wife 6nuj illed his wife at , o'cloc . %a&ya 6nuj nay apni patni o !ar diya. 7 uchh sa!ay pehlay - "ast Indefinite #ense8 6nuj nay apni patni o !ar diya hai. 7vart!aan !ain boltay sa!ay - "resent "erfect #ense8 6nuj nay apni patni o teen bajay !ar diya hai. 7ti!e of action is given - "ast Indefinite #ense8

+ou abused hi!. +ou have abused hi!. +ou abused hi! yesterday.

#u!nay usay galian dee. 7 uchh sa!ay pehlay - "ast Indefinite #ense8 #u! usay galian dey chu ay ho.7vart!aan !ain boltay sa!ay - "resent "erfect #ense8 #u! usay al galian dey chu ay ho. 7ti!e of action is given - "ast Indefinite #ense8

It is used to e1press an action which has co!pleted in past and ti!e 7li e ,p!, yesterday, last evening, last !onth, past years8 is given in the sentence li e - He !et her yesterday. It also used to e1press old habbits also li e - %aj u!ar always wore white shoes. >or!ally words /<S0D #'/ is used to e1press old habbits for which we shall learn later - %aj u!ar used to wear white shoes Future indefinite tense. Sentence )e shall go to 6gra. He will not help !e. )ill you not teach !e 0nglish; 6riv will stand first in his class. It will not rain to!orrow. )ill Sachin also play in #-*? )orld &up; #hey will not enter in our Society. Shall we read 0nglish newspaper; )ill she leave for station at ten '.cloc ; >ow he will not tell a lie. Shall I wait for you; )ill 6vyan be two !onths old to!orrow; Vakya Hum Agra jayengay. Vaha meri sahayata nahi karega. Kya tum mujhay $nglish nahi sikhaogay# Ayan apni class main pratham aayega. Kal barsaat nahi hogi. Kya "achin bhi T%&' (old )up main khelega. Vey hamari society main pra esh nahi karengay. Kya hum $nglish ka akhbaar padhengay# Kya "a ya dus bajay station jayegi# Ab aha jhooth nahi bolega. Kya main tumhara intejaar karoon# Kya A yan kal do mahinay ka ho jayega#

Pendemouim' fi&le'germenance'uncouth'mum(le'cosmopolitan