Fiber Optic Technology (EC-359) EXPERIMENT NO.

: 2 ED-COM KIT

Submitted to: Dr. Ravi Kumar Maddila Assistant Professor Submitted by: EC-2 Batch (5th Semester, ECE) Nidhi Singh (2011UEC1278) Megha Agrawal (2011UEC1268) Monika Meena (2011UEC1271) Sanju Sarwa (2011UEC1272)

OBJECTIVE: 1. To study LED sources and LASER sources characterization. 2. To study attenuation for LED sources and LASER sources. APPARATUS: 1. EDCOM kit 2. Fiber reel (Fiber type: Graded Index Multimode fiber, Size: 62.5/125/250 m) 3. ST connector 4. Patch cords THEORY: EDCOM Kit: The equipment is designed to demonstrate the principles and effects of both attenuation and dispersion phenomena in optical fiber communication systems. Another requirement is that the dispersion of the optical fiber link mu st be sufficiently high (resulting in a low system bandwidth) to be compatible with laboratory equipment (i.e. a 50MHz oscilloscope). Consequently, a graded index optical fiber with non-ideal refractive index profile was chosen for the fiber l ink.

.Modulation ON/OFF .Drive Current Displays .Received Power Displa .Sine/Square Select .LED Output .Receiver Signal BNC .Sine Frequency Control .Laser Output .DC Bias Controls .Photo receiver DETAILS OF EQUIPMENTS: The OPTOSCI Fiber Optic Communications Educator Kit consists of the following hardware elements: An 850nm, ST receptacled, light emitting diode (LED) transmitter with adjustable drive current and modulation signal input. The drive current (in mA) is displayed on an integral panel meter. The rms spectral line width of the source is 30nm. (The maximum drive current and maximum modulation amplitude which can be applied to the LED is limited internally.) A 785nm, ST receptacled, laser diode transmitter with adjustable drive current and modulation signal input. The drive current (in mA) is displayed on an integr al panel meter. The rms spectral line width of the laser at its operational current is approximately 1nm. (The maximum drive current and maximum modulation amplitude which can be applied to the Laser Diode is limited internally.) Two reels (approximately 1 km and 2 km in length) of graded index 62.5m core diameter silica multimode fiber with ST connectorised output leads. The numerical aperture (NA) of the fiber is 0.275 and its effective group refractive index is 1.497. 1m ST connectorised graded index 62.5m core diameter silica multimode fibre patch cord (a spare patch cord is also supplied). One ST receptacled Si pin photodiode receiver with a 50O BNC output port. The detected optical power (in W) is displayed on an integral panel meter.

A waveform generator which can be switched pulse generator with a fast rise time, and a ne wave generator. The waveform generator has a and the output signal is available via a 50O for both waveforms is 10V pk-pk maximum.

between a 4MHz square wave variable frequency (1 to 28 MHz) si separate enable/disable switch BNC output port. The output signal

One bulkhead ST connector. An integrated power supply (on/off switch at the rear of the unit) and all required electrical interconnects, 50O BNC cables and a BNC T-piece connector. A two channel laboratory oscilloscope with a minimum bandwidth of 50MHz and a time base which can display at least 5ns/div. This is the minimum requirement to perform the rise time measurements. PROCEDURE AND OBSERVATION: Comparison of LED and Laser Diode Characteristics: 1. Optical Output Power against Drive Current: 1. Connect the 1m fiber patch cord between the LED (note the number on the end of the patch cord) and the Photo receiver, record the detected optical power at the receiver as a function of the drive current 2. Repeat the power out versus drive current measurements for the Laser Diode source (remembering to follow the safety precautions). 2. Optical Fiber Connector Loss: In this experiment the optical loss at a bulkhead ST connector is determined. The connector loss is determined following transmission through fiber reel #1 to establish an equilibrium mode distribution in the fiber. 1. Connect the LED transmitter to the receiver using fiber reel #1 and record the detected power. Now determine the optical loss resulting from the use of a fiber connector in the system by inserting the bulkhead ST fiber

connector and 1mpatchcord between the end of fiber reel #1 and the receiver. 2. Repeat the measurement of connector loss using the Laser Diode source. 3. Attenuation of the Optical Signal over the Link Length: Check the launch power into the 1m patch cord for the LED and Laser Diode sources. Now measure the total attenuation of the launched signal from each optical transmitter after propagation through fiber reel #1 (remember to note the number on the end of the patch cord connected to the transmitter). Repeat the measurements for fiber reel#2. 1. For LED source. S.NO. Current (mA) Power( W)with fiber reel #1 Power( W)with fiber reel #1 & ST connector Power( W)with fiber reel #2 & ST connector 1. 10.0 4 4 2 2. 20.0 7 7 4 3. 30.0 10 10 5 4. 40.0 13 12 6 5. 50.0 15 15 8 6. 60.0 18 18 9 7. 70.0 20 20 10 8. 80.0 23 22 11 9. 90.0 25 24 12 10. 97.0 26 25 13

2. For LASER source. S.NO. Current (mA) Power( W)with fiber reel #1 Power( W)with fiber reel #1 & ST connector Power( W)with fiber reel #2 & ST connector 1. 1.0 1 1 1 2. 7.0 1 1 1 3. 13.0 1 1 1 4. 13.5 2 2 1 5. 14.6 3 3 2 6. 15.0 7 7 3 7. 15.5 16 16 6 8. 16.0 24 24 9 9. 16.5 33 32 12 10. 17.0 41 40 15 11. 17.5 49 47 18 12. 18.0 56 56 21 13. 18.5 65 64 24 14. 19.0 72 71 27 15. 19.5 80 80 30 16. 20.0 89 87 33 17. 20.6 98 97 36 4. Bandwidth Measurements: Digitally modulate the LED transmitter and LASER transmitter (using the square wave) and, from appropriate measurements of pulse rise times (10% to 90%) on the oscilloscope, determine bandwidth of LED and LASER source using this formula. BW =0.48/tF =0.187/tR tR =0.39tF tR = Rise Time(10-90%) tF = Fall time(10-90%)

Division (Rise Time) Division (Fall Time) Time/Div ( s) Magnification Rise Time( s) Fall Time( s) LED source(60.0 mA,18 W) 4 3 0.5 10 0.2 0.15 LASER source(15.0 mA,104 W) 5 4 0.5 10 0.25 0.2 RESULT: Green-for LASER source, Blue-for LED source X-axis-Current (mA), Y-axis-Power ( W) 1. Power ( W) with fiber reel #1 vs Current(mA) for LED source & LASER source.

2. Power ( W) with fiber reel #1 & ST connector vs Current (mA) for LED source & LASER source. 3. Power ( W) with fiber reel #2 & ST connector vs Current (mA) for LED source & LASER source.

PRECAUTIONS: 1. The Laser Diode source emits infrared radiation at 785nm which is invisible t o the human eye and may cause eye damage if the output beam is viewed directly. When in use, never stare at the optical output port of the Laser Diode when its dust cap is removed to connect an optical fiber and always replace the device dust cap when the fiber is removed. 2. The unit should be allowed to warm up for ten minutes while preparing to star t the experiments. 3. Never touch the ends of optical fibers and connectors or it will reduce the coupling efficiency of light into the fiber. 4. When taking power readings, take care not to move or tug the ST connector connected to the transmitter as this can cause variations of up to1dB in the launched power.