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Tutorial 1: Partial Differentiation (a) 1. Find the limits of the following functions: (a) lim
x 0 y 0
xy xy + 1 1
y 2 2x (c) lim 2 x 0 y + 2 x y 0
2.
3.
Find the equation of the curve in terms of x and y whose graph follows the path:
+ t 2 1 r (t ) = (t + 1) i j
d 2r dr Then calculate and 2 at t = 1 . dt dt
2 . Calculate dr and d r at t = . + (tan t ) j + (sec t tan t ) k Let r (t ) = (sec t ) i dt 4 dt 2
4.
5.
( 3, 4 )
z = ln
x+ y ,
( 0, 0)
z = xy ,
f ( x, y, z ) = ( x + y ) yz + z tan x ,
6.
Implicit Differentiation
FE1007 Mathematics 2
(a)
(b)
xyz +
1 =1 , x+z
find
z z and x y
z 2 xz 2 z = y y 2 xyz 2 xz 1 x
show x
7.
z = e x 2 y , x = sin t , y = t 3 W = x 2 y 3 , x = s + t , y = st
find find
dz dt s
W W t s t
8.
9.
Show that if w = f (u , v ) satisfies the Laplace equation f uu + f vv = 0 , and if x2 y2 u= and v = xy , then w xx + w yy = 0 2 Determine the total differential (dz) and increment (z) of the following functions at the given point. (a) (b) z= z= y x xy x + y2
2
10.
11.
(b) f ( x, y, z ) = xe 2 y sin z
(c) f ( x, y, z ) = 12.
sin x cos( y + z )
Find the rate of change of the following functions at the given point and the given directions.
FE1007 Mathematics 2
(a) f ( x, y, z ) = y 2 + z 2 4 xz , (b) f ( x, y, z ) = 2 x 3 + xy 2 + xz 2 ,
Po (2,1,3) , Po (1,1,1) ,
6 A = 2i j + 3k
4k A = 3i
13.
Find the direction from point (1, 3) in which the value of function y f ( x, y ) = e 2 y tan 1 3x does not change.
14.
The temperature at any point of a rectangular plate lying in the xy-plane is T degrees, and T = 3x 2 + 2 xy . Find: (i) the maximum rate of change of the temperature at point (3, 6) on the plate; and (ii) the direction in which this maximum rate of change at (3, 6) occurs.
FE1007 Mathematics 2
Answers:
Q1 Q2 Q3
(b) 0
dr (1) = i +2 j dt
d 2 r (1) = 2 j dt 2 d 2 r ( 4) +4 =3 2i j + 11 2 k 2 dt
Q4 Q5
dr ( 4) +2 = 2i j +3 2k dt
(a) 2/5; (b) 1; (c) 1/2; (d) 2z f f (e) = yz ( x + y ) yz 1 + z sec 2 x = yz ( x + y ) yz 1 + z ( x + y ) yz ln( x + y ) x y f = y ( x + y ) yz ln( x + y ) + tan x z (a) (b) z yz ( x + z ) 2 1 = x 1 xy( x + z ) 2
z z 2 xz 2 x y = x y 2 xyz 2 xz 1
3 dz = e sin t 2t (cos t 6t 2 ) dt
Q6
z xz ( x + z ) 2 = y 1 xy( x + z ) 2
Q7 Q10
(a)
(b)
W W 3 2 2 t = x y 2 s t
t s
(a) total differential dz = 0.075, increment z = 0.0714 (b) total differential dz = 0.006, increment z = 0.00586
f f y y 2 x 2 x x 2 y 2 i+ j= i+ j 2 2 x y x2 + y2 x2 + y2 f f f 2 xe 2 y sin z i+ j + k = e 2 y sin z i j + xe 2 y cos z k (b) f = x y z cos x sin( y + z ) sin x sin( y + z ) sin x f f f i+ j+ k = i+ j+ k (c) f = cos( y + z ) x y z cos 2 ( y + z ) cos 2 ( y + z )
Q11
(a) f =
) (
) (
Q12
6 3 = 2i 6 ; Du f = (a) j+ k A 7 7 7 7
; D f = 16 = 3i 4k (b) A u 5 5 5
Q13
Q14
FE1007 Mathematics 2
1.
Find the tangent plane and normal line equations to the given surface at the indicated point. (a) x 2 + y 2 z 2 = 6 (b)
x+ y+ z =4
2.
Find the equation of tangent line to the intersecting curve of two surfaces at the given point. (a) x 2 + y 2 z = 8 (b) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 x y 2 + z 2 = 2 yz = 4 Po (2,2, 0) Po (1, 2, 2)
3.
Show that the spheres x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = a 2 and ( x b) 2 + y 2 + z 2 = (b a) 2 are tangent to each others at point (a, 0, 0), where a and b are constants. Show that the two surfaces x 2 2 yz + y 3 = 4 and x 2 + (4c 2) y 2 cz 2 + 1 = 0 are normal to each other at point (1, 1, 2), where c is a constant.
4.
5.
Test the following functions for the maxima, minima, and saddle points. Find the function values at these points. (a) f ( x, y ) = x 3 + 3 xy + y 3 (b) f ( x, y ) = 3 + 2 x + 2 y 2 x 2 2 xy y 2
6.
A flat circular plate has the shape of the region x 2 + y 2 1 . The plate, including the boundary where x 2 + y 2 = 1 , is heated so that the temperature at any point (x, y) is T ( x, y ) = x 2 + 2 y 2 x Find the hottest and coldest points on the plate and the temperature at the respective points. Find the point on the plane x 3 z = 0 such that the summation of distance squares between that point and points A(1, 1, 1) and B(2, 3, 4) is the smallest.
7.
FE1007 Mathematics 2
8.
Find three positive numbers whose summation is equal to 24 and their product is the largest.
9.
Given n positive numbers a1 , a 2 , ..., a n . Find the maximum value of the expression W = a1 x1 + a 2 x 2 + ... + a n x n if the variables x1 , x 2 , ..., x n are restricted so that the sum of their squares is 1. Also find the values of x1 , x 2 , ..., and x n that maximizes W.
Answers:
Q1
Normal Line:
x 3 = 6 x 1 Normal Line: = 1/ 2 y2 z2 = =t 4 4
y +1 z 2 = =t 2 4 y 4 z 1 = =t 1/ 4 1/ 2
Q2 Q5
(a)
(b) x = 1 ,
(a) (0,0) saddle point; (1, 1) local maximum (b) (0,1) local maximum Hottest: T =
1 3 1 3 , 2 2 and 2 , 2 1 1 Coldest: T = at point , 0 4 2
Q6
9 at points 4
Q7 Q8 Q9
x=
21 , 10
y=2 ,
z=
7 10
8, 8, and 8
2 2 W = a12 + a 2 + ... + a n
FE1007 Mathematics 2
1.
Determine which of the following sequences converge and which diverge. Find the limit of the converging sequence. (a) a n =
n3 + 1 n(n + 3) 2
ln n ln 2n
(b) a n = sin n
(d) a n =
(e) a n =
( 2)
2.
(b)
4 5 n + n 3 n =1 2
(c)
(4n 3)(4n + 1)
n =1
3.
(b)
n n = 2 ln n
n2en n! n =1
(c)
tan 1 n n1.1 n =1
(d) 4.
1 1 2 n n =1 1 + (ln n)
(e)
(f)
n =1
n +1 2 n
Determine whether the following series converges or diverges. If it converges, determine the sum of the series (a)
2n + 1
2
n =1 n
(n + 1)
(b)
2n 1 n n=0 3
(c)
n!
n
n = 0 1000
(d)
n=2
1 n 1
5.
Determine which of the following alternating series converge and which diverge. If the series converge, determine whether the convergence is absolutely or conditionally. (a)
(1)
n =1
n +1
n n +1
(b)
(1)
n =1
n +1
1 1 + ln n
FE1007 Mathematics 2
(c)
(1) n+1
n =1
n+2 n(n + 1)
(d)
(1)
n =1
n +1
n! 2n
6.
(b) 1
x2 x4 x6 + + ... 2! 4! 6!
( x 7) n n
(c) x +
1 3 1 3 5 1 3 5 7 x + x + x + ... 2 2 4 2 46
( x + 1) n n
(d)
n =1
(e)
(1) n
n =1
(f)
( x 3) n x 3 ( x 3) 2 + ... + + + ... 1 3 2 32 n 3n
(b) Converge (e) Diverge (b) 7 (c) 1 (b) Diverge (e) Converge
Q2 Q3
Q4
(a) Converge, sum =1 (c) Diverge (a) Diverge (c) Converge Absolutely (a) [1, 1) (d) [6, 8)
(b) Converge, sum = 3/2 (d) Diverge (b) Converge Conditionally (d) Diverge (c) (1, 1) (f) (0, 6)
Q5
Q6
FE1007 Mathematics 2
1.
(a) Find the first 5 terms of a series for the function ln sec x + tan x . For what value of x should the series converges. (b) Find the first 4 terms of a series for the function sec x tan x . For what value of x should the series converges. Find the Taylor series of the following functions at a = 0 . (a) 1 1+ x
2
2.
(b) ln(1 + x)
(c) e x
(d) e x
(e) sin x
(f) cos x
3.
If cos x is replaced by 1
4.
Estimate
x
0 1
5.
0.5
6.
Estimate
1+ x
0
Answers:
Q1
<x< 2 2
FE1007 Mathematics 2
<x< 2 2
Q2
Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6
10
FE1007 Mathematics 2
1.
Sketch the region of integration and evaluate the following integrals: 3 2 x 2 (a) (b) 0 0 0 (4 y )dydx 0 x(sin y )dydx (c)
1 y
2 y2
dxdy
(d) 14 0 x 3 / 2e y /
dydx
2.
Integrate f over the following regions: (a) f (u , v) = v u over the triangular region cut from the first quadrant of the uv-plane by the line u+v=1. (b) f (s, t ) = e s ln t over the region in the first quadrant of the st-plane that lies above the curve s = lnt from t=1 to t=2.
3.
dydx y4 +1
4.
Find the volume beneath the following surface z = f(x,y): (a) The volume of the solid cut from the first octant by the surface z = 4-x2-y. (b) The volume of the solid bounded on the front and back by the planes x=2 and x=1, on the sides by the cylinders y = 1/x, and above and below by the planes z = x+1 and z=0.
5. 6.
What region R in the xy-plane minimizes the value of R ( x 2 + y 2 9)dA ? Evaluate the following integrals by changing the Cartesian integrals into equivalent Polar integrals:
1 x 1 (a) 1 0 2
dydx
2 y2
1 1 y (b) 0 ( x 2 + y 2 )dxdy 0
x2 + y2
ln 2 (ln 2 ) (c) 0 0
dxdy
1 (d) 1
1 x 2 1 x 2
2 dydx (1 + x + y 2 ) 2
2
7. 8.
Find the area enclosed by one leaf of the rose r = 12 cos(3 ) . The region lies inside the cardioid r = 1 + cos and outside the circle r = 1 is the base of a solid right cylinder. The top of the sylinder lies in the plane z = x. Find the cylinders volume.
11
FE1007 Mathematics 2
9.
1 1 x 2 4 x 2 y (c) 0 xdzdydx 0 3
10.
Find the average value of F ( x, y, z ) = xyz over the cube in the first octant bounded by the coordinate planes x=2, y=2 and z=2.
Answers:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10
16
(b)
2 /2+2
(ln17)/4 2(1+ln2)
(c)
5/6
(d)
7(e-1)
/2
(b)
/8
(c)
(2 ln 2 1) (d)
(a) 1
(b)
3
2
(1 cos1) (c)
1/12
(d)
12