Ulangkaji Pra SPM 2013

3
Diagram 3 shows the set up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan natrium klorida. Gas yang terkumpul pada elektrod Y berwarna kuning dan melunturkan warna kertas litmus biru lembab.
Greenish yellow gas Gas berwarna kuning kehijauan
Sodium chloride solution Larutan natrium klorida Carbon electrode X Elektrod karbon X
Carbon electrode Y Karbon elektrod Y
Diagram 3 Rajah 3 (a) (i) What is meant by anion? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan anion? [1 mark] Write the formulae for all anions that are present in sodium chloride solution. Tuliskan formula bagi semua anion yang hadir dalam larutan natrium klorida. [1 mark]
(ii)
(iii)
The gas collected at electrode X decolourises a damp blue litmus paper. Name the gas. Gas yang terkumpul pada elektrod X melunturkan kertas litmus biru lembap. Namakan gas itu.
(b)
. [1 mark] By referring to diagram 3 , Dengan merujuk kepada Rajah 3 , Which electrode is the cathode ? Elektrod yang manakah merupakan katod ? .. [1 mark]
(i)
(ii)
Write the half-equation for the reaction at the cathode. Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di katod. . [1 mark]
(iii)
Describe a test to identify the gas collected at the cathode. Huraikan satu ujian untuk mengenalpasti gas yang terkumpul di katod. . . . [2 marks]
(c)
The experiment is repeated by using 0.001 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution. Eksperimen ini diulangi dengan menggunakan larutan natrium klorida 0.001 mol dm-3 Name the ion that is selectively discharged at the anode. Namakan ion yang didiscas secara pilihan di anod. [ 1 mark]
(i)
(ii)
Give a reason for your answer in (c)(i) Beri alasan bagi jawapan anda di (c)(i) [ 1 mark]
(iii)
Name the gas collected at the anode. Namakan gas yang terkumpul di anod.
[1 mark]
3 Table 3 shows the description and observation for two experiments, I and II. Rajah 3 menunjukkan huraian dan pemerhatian untuk dua eksperimen, I dan II.
Exp. Description I Electrolysis of 0.01 mol dm-3 copper(II) chloride solution using carbon electrodes. II Electrolysis of 1.0 mol dm-3 copper(II) chloride solution using carbon electrodes. Table 3 (a) Based on Experiment I : Berdasarkan Eksperimen 1: (i)
Observation Gas bubbles are released at the anode.
Gas bubbles are released at the anode.
Draw the set-up of the apparatus to carry out this experiment. In your diagram, show how the product at the anode is collected. Lukis gambar rajah susunan radas untuk menjalankan eksperimen ini. Dalam rajah anda, tunjukkan bagaimana hasil di anod dikumpulkan.
[3 marks]
(ii)
State how you would verify that the gas released at the anode is oxygen. Nyatakan bagaimana anda mengesahkan bahawa gas yang terhasil di anod adalah oksigen. ................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
(iii)
Explain how oxygen gas is produced at the anode. Terangkan bagaimana gas oksigen dihasilkan di anod. ........................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. [2 marks]
(b)
Based on Experiment II: Berdasarkan Eksperimen II: (i) Write the formulae of ions that are attracted to the anode. Tuliskan formula bagi ion-ion yang tertarik ke anod. .................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark] (ii) State the ion that is selected to be discharged at the anode. Explain your answer. Nyatakan ion yang dipilih untuk didiscas di anod. Terangkan jawapan anda. .......................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks]
(iii)
Write the half equation for the reaction at the anode. Tuliskan setengah persamaan untuk tindak balas di anod. .............................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark]
Diagram 5 shows the flow chart of a series of reactions undergone by propene. Rajah 5 menunjukkan carta alir siri tindakbalas yang dialami oleh propena.
Propene, C3H6 Propena Hydration Penghidratan Substance P Bahan P KMnO4 + H2SO4 Process I Process I Substance Q Bahan Q
Combustion Pembakaran
Process II Process II Substance R Bahan R
Substance S and gas T Bahan S dan gas T
Diagram 5 Rajah 5 (a) Name the homologous series of propene. Namakan siri homolog untuk propena .......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] Draw the structural formula of substance P. Lukiskan formula struktur bahan P.
(b)
(c)
[1 mark] Propene is burnt completely in air to produce substance S and gas T. Propena dibakar lengkap dalam udara untuk menghasilkan bahan S dan gas T . (i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk tindakbalas. .................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] State a chemical test to identify the gas T. Nyatakan satu ujian kimia untuk mengenalpasti gas T.
(ii)
................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. [2 marks] Draw the set up of apparatus used in Process I. Lukiskan susunan alat radas yang digunakan dalam proses I .
(d)
[2 marks]
(e)
Name another chemical that can be used to replace acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution in Process I . Namakan bahan kimia lain yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan larutan kalium mangganat (VII) berasid dalam proses I . ............................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] Based on Process II, Berdasarkan Proses II, (i) write the chemical formula of substance R. tulis formula kimia bahan R .................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] what would be observed when substance R is added to the water? apakah yang akan diperhatikan apabila sebatian R ditambah kepada air ? .................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
(f)
(ii)
Rusting of iron is a redox reaction which can occurs naturally. Pengaratan besi adalah suatu tindak balas redoks yang boleh berlaku secara semulajadi.
(a)
What is redox reaction. Apakah tindakbalas redoks. ............................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] State the conditions for iron rust naturally Nyatakan keadaan untuk besi berkarat secara semulajadi. ............................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] Iron undergoes oxidation reaction during rusting .Write half equation for the oxidation of iron. Besi mengalami pengoksidaan semasa berkarat. Tuliskan setengah persamaan untuk pengoksidaan besi.. ............................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] Draw a labeled diagram for rusting of iron to show how the condition of rusting of iron involves the flow of electron, negative pole and positive pole. Lukiskan gambarajah berlabel bagi proses pengaratan besi yang menunjukkan bagaimana syarat untuk pengaratan besi melibatkan pengaliran elektron, kutub negatif dan kutub positif.
(b)
(c)
(d)
[3marks]
(e)
Describe the transfer of electron and the reaction that take place at the positive pole after iron is oxidized. Huraikan pemindahan elektron dan tindak balas yang berlaku pada kutub positif selepas besi dioksidakan. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. [3marks]
(f)
State two ways of preventing the rusting of iron. Nyatakan dua cara untuk mengelakkan besi berkarat.. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. [2marks]
(c)
You are required to prepare a voltaic cell. Chemicals supplied are
stripe
Magnesium sulphate solution Copper (II) sulphate solution
Magnesium stripe Copper
Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the voltaic cell. In your description include the set-up of apparatus, observations and half equations involved by relating to redox reaction.
[10 marks]
10 (a) Ethanol is a solvent which undergoes a complete combustion reaction in excess oxygen. If 0.46 g ethanol is burnt completely in oxygen, calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas released. [Relative atomic mass: C=12, O=16 , 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure] [4 marks]
(b) Compare and
Ethanol and buthanol are two compounds in the alcohol homologous series. and contrast the properties of ethanol and buthanol in term of boiling point electrical conductivity. Explain. [6 marks]
(c) the the ester. involved.
You are required to prepare one namely ester by using ethanoic acid as one of reactants. By using a namely alcohol, describe one experiment to prepare In your description, include the chemical equation and observation
(a)
Electroplating of metal is a redox reaction. It involves of depositing a layer of metal on another substance.
Using one suitable example of half equations at the anode and the cathode for electroplating of metal, state and explain this redox reaction in terms of: (i). (ii). Transfer of electrons Changes in oxidation number
[4 marks] (b) Table 8 shows the observations for Experiment I and Experiment II for studying redox reaction.
Experiment Experiment I
Excess zinc powder Copper (II) sulphate solution
Observation
Blue solution turns colourless. Brown deposit is produced.
Experiment II
Lead (II) nitrate solution
Yellow precipitate is formed.
Potassium iodide solution
TABLE 8 Explain the observations in Experiment I and Experiment II based on redox reaction. Determine which experiment involves redox reaction. Your explaination should include ionic equations. [6 marks]
(a) The following are the equations of two reactions:

Berikut adalah persamaan bagi dua tindak balas:
Reaction I
Tindak balas I
: :
NaOH Mg +
HCl
NaCl
H2O +
Reaction II Zn
Tindak balas I I
Zn(NO3)2
Mg(NO3)2
Determine which reaction is a redox reaction. Explain your answer in term of oxidation number.
Tentukan tindak balas manakah tindak balas redoks. Terangkan jawapan anda dari segi nombor pengoksidaan.
[4 marks] (b)Diagram 8 shows two redox reactions that take place in test tubes P and Q.
Rajah 8, menunjukkan dua tindak balas redoks yang berlaku dalan tabung uji P dan Q.
Chlorine
Klorin
Iron (II) sulphate

Ferum (II) sulfat
Potassium iodide
Kalium iodida
Test tube P
Tabung uji P
Test tube Q
Tabung uji Q
Diagram 8
Rajah 8
Write the ionic equation for the redox reaction in test tubes P and Q.
Tuliskan persamaan ion untuk tindak balas redoks dalam tabung uji P dan Q
[6 marks] (c) carbon

kedudukan
Table 8 shows the observations of two experiments to determine the position of the reactivity series of metal.
Jadual 8 menununjukkan pemerhatian bagi dua eksperimen untuk menentukan karbon dalam siri kereaktifan logam.
Experiment
Reactants
Observation
Carbon + oxide of metal P

Karbon + oksida logam P
A flame spreads to the whole mixture. A brown residue is formed.

Nyalaan merebak ke ke seluruhan
campuran. Baki berwarna perang terbentuk.
Carbon + oxide of metal Q II

Karbon + oksida logam Q
No change
Tiada perubahan
III
Carbon + oxide of metal R

Karbon + oksida logam R
A glow spreads to the whole mixture. A grey residue is formed.

Baraan merebak ke keseluruhan campuran. Baki berwarna kelabu terbentuk.
Table 8
Jadual 8
Based on observations in Table 8, arrange the reactivity of metals P, Q, and R in descending order. Explain your answer. Suggest one metal for Q.
dalam Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 8, susun kereaktifan logam-logam P, Q dan R turutan menurun. Terangkan jawapan anda. Cadangkan satu logam bagi Q.
[10 marks]
2 Diagram 2.1 shows the structural formula of a carbon compound, Y. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi suatu sebatian karbon,Y.
H H C H
H C H
H C H
H C H H
Diagram 2.1 (a) Name the homologous series of compound Y. Namakan siri homolog sebatian Y. ........................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (b) Compound Y burns completely in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water as in the equation below : Sebatian Y terbakar dengan lengkap dalam oksigen untuk menghasilkan karbon dioksida dan air seperti dalam persamaan di bawah : 2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2O
(i)
Calculate the relative molecular mass of compound Y. Hitungkan jisim molekul relatif sebatian Y tersebut. [Relative atomic mass: H =1, C = 12 ]
(ii)
[1 mark] Calculate the mass of compound Y burnt if 120 cm3 of carbon dioxide is produced at room temperature. Kira jisim sebatian Y yang terbakar jika 120 cm3 karbon dioksida terbentuk pada keadaan bilik. [ 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]
[3 marks] (c) Diagram 2.2 shows the structural formula of another carbon compound, Z. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi satu lagi sebatian karbon,Z. H H C H Diagram 2.2 (i) Name compound Z. Namakan sebatian Z. .................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (ii) State the functional group of compound Z? Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian Z? .................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (d) Compound Y has isomers. Draw one isomer of compound Y. Sebatian Y mempunyai isomer. Lukiskan satu isomer bagi sebatian Y. H C H C H C H H
[1 mark] (e) Compound Y can be used to produce an alcohol. Sebatian Y boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan alkohol. (i) Name the reaction to produce the alcohol. Namakan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan alkohol. .................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] State one condition for this reaction to take place. Nyatakan satu keadaan untuk tindak balas ini berlaku.
(ii)
................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
Diagram 6.1 shows the changes of a carbon compound involving a series of reaction.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan perubahan suatu sebatian karbon yang melibatkan beberapa siri tindak balas.
Butanol
Butanol
Porcelain Chips Serpihan porselin Heat Panas
Butene
Butena
H2
Heat Panas
Butane
Butana
Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1
(a)
Write the molecular formula of butane.

Tuliskan formula molekul bagi butana.
.......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (b) Draw the structural formulae of two isomers of butane.
Lukiskan formula struktur bagi dua isomer butana.
[2 marks]
(c)
Table 6 shows the results of a test to differentiate between butane and butene.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan ujian untuk membandingkan antara butana dan butena.
Procedure
Prosedur
Observation
Pemerhatian
Bromine water is added to butene.

Air bromin ditambahkan kepada butena.
Brown colour is decolourised.

Warna perang dinyahwarnakan.
Bromine water is added to butane.

Air bromin ditambahkan kepada butana.
Brown colour remains.

Warna perang kekal.
Table 6
Jadual 6
Based on Table 6, explain why there is a difference in these observation.

Berdasarkan Jadual 6, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian ini.
.......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
(d)
Butene reacts with hydrogen to produce butane. Write the chemical equation of the reaction.
Butena bertindak balas dengan hidrogen untuk menghasilkan butane. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
.......................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
(e)
Butene can be obtained from the reaction of butanol through dehydration process. Draw a labeled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for the experiment.
Butena boleh didapati daripada tindak balas butanol melalui proses penghidratan. Lukis gambar rajah berlabel susunan radas untuk eksperimen ini.
[2 marks] (f) Diagram 6.2 shows the burning of hexane and hexene in air.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan pembakaran heksana dan heksena dalam udara.
Soot
Jelaga
Filter paper
Kertas turas
Porcelain dish
Mangkuk pijar
Hexane
Heksana
Hexene
Heksena
Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2
Compare the sootiness of hexane and hexene. Explain.

Bandingkan kejelagaan bagi heksana dan heksena. Terangkan.
.......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
4 Table 4 shows the molecular formulae and observations for three compounds when they react with bromine water. Jadual 4 menunjukkan formula molekul dan pemerhatian bagi tiga sebatian apabila bertindakbals dengan air bromin. Compound Sebatian P Molecular Formula Formula Molekul C2H4 Observation Pemerhatian Brown colour is decolourised Warna perang menjadi tidak berwarna Brown colour remains unchanged Warna perang tidak berubah
C2H6
C4H10 . Table 4 Jadual 4
(a)
Name the homologous series for these compounds. Namakan siri homolog bagi sebatian-sebatian ini. i) Compound P : ...................................................... Sebatian P Compound Q : ...................................................... Sebatian Q [ 2 marks ] ii) What is the general formula for the homologous series of compound R? Apakah formula am bagi siri homolog sebatian R? ................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark ]
iii)
Complete the observation for compound R in Table 4. Lengkapkan pemerhatian untuk sebatian R dalam Jadual 4. [ 1 mark ]
iv)
Name a substance that can replace bromine water. Namakan satu bahan lain yang boleh menggantikan air bromin. ................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark]
v)
Explain why compound P is chemically more reactive than compound Q. Jelaskan mengapa sebatian P lebih reaktif secara kimia berbanding sebatian Q. ................................................................................................................
(b)
................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark ] Compounds P and Q can undergo complete combustion to form gas X and water. Sebatian P dan Q boleh mengalami pembakaran lengkap untuk menghasilkan gas X dan air. i) Name gas X. Namakan gas X. .. [ 1 mark ] Write a balanced chemical equation when compound P or Q reacts with oxygen. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang apabila sebatian P atau Q bertindak balas dengan oksigen. .. [ 1 mark ] iii) Compare the sootiness of the flame when compound P and Q are burnt in the air. Explain why. Bandingkan kejelagaan nyalaan apabila sebatian P dan Q terbakar di udara. Terangkan mengapa. . . [2 marks ]
ii)
1 Diagram 1 shows the symbols of atom for element P, Q ,R and S.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol- simbol atom bagi unsur P, Q, R dan S.
23 11
(a) (i)
35 17
37 17
20 10
Diagram 1 What is meant by proton number? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton ? ........................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) What is the proton number for atom Q ? Apakah nombor proton untuk atom Q? ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] Write the electron arrangement for atom P. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom P. ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Which group is atom P located in the Periodic Table? Explain your answer. Di kumpulan manakah atom P berada di dalam Jadual Berkala? Terangkan jawapan anda. ............................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ [2 marks] State one chemical property of atom P. Nyatakan satu sifat kimia atom P. ................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (c) Which atoms are isotopes? Explain why? Atom-atom manakah adalah isotop? Terangkan mengapa?
(b)
(i)
(iii)
................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (d) Which atom exists as a monoatom? Atom manakah yang wujud sebagai monoatom? ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (e) Arrange atoms P, Q and S in increasing atomic size. Susun atom-atom P, Q dan S mengikut saiz atom menaik. ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]
6 Natural rubber is obtained from latex secreted by rubber tree. Latex is a white milklike fluid. Table 6 shows the results of latex coagulation. Getah asli diperolehi daripada lateks yang didapati dari pokok getah. Susu getah merupakan cecair yang berwarna putih seakan susu. Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan pembekuan susu getah. Procedure Prosedur X solution is added to latex Larutan X ditambah kepada susu getah Latex is exposed to the air Susu getah dibiarkan terdedah di udara Table 6 Jadual 6 (a) Based on the Table 6, answer the following questions. Berdasarkan Jadual 6, jawab soalan-soalan berikut. i) What is solution X ? Apakah larutan X? ................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark ] Observation Pemerhatian Latex coagulates immediately Susu getah membeku dengan cepat Latex coagulates slowly Susu getah membeku dengan perlahan
ii)
The coagulation of latex will also occur when it is exposed to air. Explain why this happens. Proses pembekuan susu getah juga berlaku apabila ia terdedah kepada udara. Jelaskan mengapa ini terjadi. ............... [ 1 mark ] Suggest a solution that can be used to prevent latex from coagulating. Cadangkan satu larutan yang boleh digunakan untuk menghalang pembekuan susu getah. ................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark ]
iii)
b)
During the preparation of soap, a concentrated alkali X is added to oil or fat. The mixture is heated and then sodium chloride is added. The general equation for this reaction is shown below. Semasa proses pembuatan sabun, larutan alkali pekat X di tambah kepada minyak atau lemak. Campuran kemudian di panaskan bersama dengan natrium klorida. Persamaan tindak balasnya adalah seperti di bawah.
O CH2 O C R1 O CH O C R2 O CH2 O C
Oil or fat
O CH2 OH R1 C O + alkali X CH OH + R2 C O R3 CH2 OH

Glycerol
Na+
O Na+
R3
O Na+
Soaps
Based on the equation above, answer the following questions. Berdasarkan persamaan di atas, jawab soalan soalan berikut.
i)
What is the name of the process ? Apakah nama proses tersebut? .. [ 1 mark ]
ii)
What is alkali X ? Apakah alkali X ? .. [ 1 mark ]
iii)
Why is sodium chloride solution added to the mixture? Mengapakah larutan natrium klorida ditambahkan kepada campuran? .. [ 1 mark ]
iv)
Describe briefly the cleansing action of soap. Huraikan dengan ringkas tindakan pembersihan oleh sabun .. .. .. [ 2 marks ]
c)
Diagram 6 shows the structural formulae of two cleansing agents X and Y. Rajah 6 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi dua agen pembersih X dan Y.
Cleansing agent X: Agen pembersih X : CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COONa
Cleansing agent Y: Agen pembersih Y : CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COSO3Na
Diagram 6 Rajah 6 Based on Diagram 6, compare the effectiveness of cleansing action of agent Y to agent X. Explain why. Berdasarkan Rajah 6, bandingkan keberkesanan tindakan pembersihan agen pencuci Y berbanding agen X. Terangkan mengapa.
..
.. [ 2 marks ]
Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus to study the electron transfer at a distance. Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan electron pada satu jarak.
G Carbon electrode Y Elektrod karbon Y Acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution Bromine water Larutan kalium manganat (VII) Air bromin berasid Dilute Sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik
Diagram 5 Rajah 5 (a) What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid? Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik cair? [1 mark] (b) (i) State the observation at carbon electrode X. Nyatakan pemerhatian di elektrod karbon X. [1 mark] Write the half equation for the reaction in (b) (i) Tuliskan persamaan setengah untuk tindak balas di (b) (i). [2 marks] (iii) Describe a confirmatory test for the product formed at carbon electrode X. Huraikan satu ujian pengesahan untuk hasil yang terbentuk di elektrod karbon X.
Carbon electrode X Elektrod karbon X
Iron (II) sulphate Ferum (II) sulfat
(ii)
.... [2 marks] (c) (i) State the observation at carbon electrode Y. Nyatakan pemerhatian di elektrod karbon Y. . [1 mark] (ii) What is the role of acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution in the experiment? Apakah peranan larutan kalium manganat (VII) berasid dalam eksperimen ini ? .. [1 mark] (iii) Give a reason for your answer in (c) (ii). Berikan satu penjelasan untuk jawapan anda pada (c) (ii). [1 mark] (d) Suggest another reagent that can replace acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution. Cadangkan satu reagen lain yang boleh menggantikan larutan kalium manganat (VII) berasid. .. [1 mark]
5. Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction occurred in test tubes A and B.
uji A Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji tindak balas yang berlaku di dalam tabung dan B.
Agar-agar solution
+
Chlorine water
Air klorin
Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution + Phenolphthalein

Larutan agar-agar + Larutan kalium heksasianoferat (III)+ Fenolftalein
Iron(II) sulphate solution

Larutan ferum(II) sulfat
Iron nail coiled with zinc

Paku besi yang dililit dengan zink
Test tube A
Tabung uji A
Test tube B
Tabung uji B
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
(a)
Based on test tube A,

Berdasarkan tabung uji A,
(i)
Name the reaction occurred.

Namakan tindak balas yang berlaku.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction.
Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas tersebut.
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (iii) State a chemical test to verify the product formed.
Nyatakan satu ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil yang terbentuk.
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
(b)
Based on test tube B,

Berdasarkan tabung uji B,
(i)
State the observation involved.
Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Experiment is repeated by using copper to replace zinc. State the observation involved.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan kuprum bagi menggantikan zink. Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (c) Compare the answer in (b)(i) and (b) (ii) and explain why there is a difference in the observation.
Bandingkan jawapan di (b)(i) dan (b) (ii) dan terangkan kenapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian.
............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. [2 marks] (d) When iron is exposed to water and oxygen, it rusts easily. State one method to prevent the rusting of iron.
untuk Apabila besi terdedah kepada air dan oksigen, ia mudah berkarat. Nyatakan satu kaedah mengelakkan besi daripada berkarat.
.......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
7 (a)
Diagram 7.1 shows the electron arrangement of ion W3-. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi ion W3-.
3-
(i)
Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1 Write the electron arrangement for the atom W. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom W. [1 mark]
(ii)
State the position for atom W in the Periodic Table of Elements. Give a reason for your answer. Nyatakan kedudukan bagi atom W dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda.
(b)
(i)
[4 marks] Rubidium, Rb, is located below sodium, Na, in Group 1 of the Periodic Table. Predict two observations when rubidium reacts with water. Rubidium, Rb, terletak di bawah natrium, Na, dalam Kumpulan 1 Jadual Berkala. Ramalkan dua pemerhatian apabila rubidium bertindak balas dengan air. [2 marks]
(ii )
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between rubidium and water. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara rubidium dan air. [2 marks]
(iii)
State one precaution that must be taken in handling Group 1 elements. Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil dalam pengendalian unsur Kumpulan 1. [1 mark]
(c)
Diagram 7.2 shows four compounds. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan empat sebatian. Magnesium oxide, MgO Magnesium oksida, MgO Ethanol, C2H5OH Etanol, C2H5OH Hexane, C6H14 Heksana, C6H14 Sodium chloride, NaCl Natrium klorida, NaCl
Diagram 7.2 Rajah 7.2 (i) Based on Diagram 7.2, classify each of the compounds into ionic compound and covalent compounds. Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 , kelaskan setiap sebatian itu kepada sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen. [2 marks] (ii) Choose one of the ionic and one of the covalent compounds given in (c) (i) and state two differences in their physical properties. Explain the differences. Pilih satu sebatian ionik dan satu sebatian kovalen yang diberi dalam (c) (i) dan nyatakan dua perbezaan dalam sifat fiziknya. Terangkan perbezaan itu. [8 marks]
9 (a)
(b)
By using one named example of a strong acid , explain the chemical properties of an acid. Include the chemical equations in your explanation. Dengan menggunakan satu contoh asid kuat, terangkan sifat kimia asid. Sertakan persamaan-persamaan kimia dalam penerangan anda [6 marks] Table 9 shows the observation when solution A and B is tested with a blue litmus paper, Jadual 9 menunjukkan pemerhatian apabila larutan A dan larutan B diuji dengan kertas litmus biru.
Observation / Pemerhatian A Blue litmus paper turns red Kertas litmus biru bertukar merah B No change Tiada perubahan TABLE 9 JADUAL 9 Based on Table 9, explain the difference in the observation Berdasarkan Jadual 9, terangkan perbezaan dalam pemerhatian itu [4 marks] (c) A student wanted to prepare 250 cm3 standard solution of sodium hydroxide with a concentration of 1.0 mol dm-3 in the school laboratory. Seorang pelajar ingin menyediakan 250 cm3 larutan piawai natrium hidroksida dengan kepekatan 1.0 mol dm-3 dalam makmal sekolah. Describe how the student would prepare the solution. Include the following in your description : The material and apparatus needed, The calculation involved, The steps involved in the preparation. Huraikan bagaimana pelajar itu dapat menyediakan larutan tersebut. Sertakan yang berikut dalam huraian anda : Bahan dan radas yang perlu, Pengiraan yang terlibat, Langkah-langkah yang terlibat dalam penyediaan [ Relative atomic mass : H, 1 ; O, 16 ; Na, 23 ] [10 marks]
Solution / Larutan Ethanoic acid in water Asid etanoik dalam air Ethanoic acid in propanone Asid etanoik dalam propanon
10.
a)
Isotopes have important uses in our daily lives, for example in medicine, industry, agriculture and archeology. Choose two of the above examples. State an isotope and its purposes in each example that you have chosen.
Isotop mempunyai kegunaan yang penting dalam kehidupan harian, contohnya dalam bidang perubatan, industri, peretanian dan arkeologi. Pilih dua contoh di atas. Nyatakan isotop dan kegunaannya dalam setiap contoh yang anda pilih.
[4 marks]
b)
Table 10.1 shows the electron arrangement of compound X and Y.

Jadual 10. menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi sebatian X dan Y.
Compound
Sebatian
Electron arrangement
Susunan elektron
+
X
P+
R-
Table 10.1
Jadual 10.1
(i)
Based on Table 10.1, determine the types of compound X and Y.

Berdasarkan Jadual 10.1, tentukan jenis sebatian X dan Y.
[2 marks]
(ii)
Compound X and compound Y have different physical properties. Choose one of the physical properties that can differentiate between compound X and Y. Explain the difference in the physical properties between compound X and Y.
Sebatian X dan sebatian Y mempunyai sifat fizik yang berbeza. Plih satu sifat fizik tersebut yang dapat membezakan antara sebatian X and Y. Terangkan perbezaan sifat fizik tersebut di antara sebatian X dan Y.
[4 marks]
c)
Table 10.2 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X, Y and Z. These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Jadual 10.2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom-atom W, X, Y and Z. Huruf-huruf Ini bukanlah merupakan simbol sebenar unsur.
Element
Unsur
Susunan elektron
W X Y Z Table 10.2
Jadual 10.2
2.4 2.6 2.8.1 2.8.2
Using the information in Table 10.2, choose any two elements and explain how ionic and covalent compound are formed.
Gunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 10.2, pilih mana-mana dua unsur dan terangkan bagaimana sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen terbentuk.
10 (a) Table 10 shows the product of electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate solution at different concentration using carbon electrodes. Jadual 10 menunjukkan hasil daripada proses elektrolisis larutan kuprum(ll) sulfat pada kepekatan yang berlainan menggunakan elektrod-elektrod karbon. Experiment Eksperimen Set I Solution Larutan Product at the cathode Hasil di katod Copper Kuprum Product at the anode Hasil di anod Chlorine Klorin
Set II
Copper(II) chloride 1.0 mol dm-3 Kuprum(II) klorida 1.0 mol dm-3 Copper(II) chloride Copper 0.001 mol dm-3 Kuprum Kuprum(II) klorida 0.001 mol dm-3 TABLE 10 JADUAL 10
Oxygen Oksigen
Explain the difference in the products at the anode. Terangkan perbezaan dalam hasil yang di anod. [6 marks] (b) Diagram 10 shows the apparatus set up of a simple voltaic cell.
Jadual 10 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu sel ringkas.
DIAGRAM 10 RAJAH 10 Based on diagram 10, briefly explain how electricity is produced. Berdasarkan rajah 10, terangkan dengan ringkas bagaimana arus elektrik dihasilkan. [4 marks] (c) Electrolysis is used to electroplate an object to make it look more attractive and more resistant to corrosion. Elektrolisis digunakan untuk penyaduran suatu objek supaya kelihatan lebih menarik dan tahan pengaratan. With the aid of a label diagram, describe an experiment to electroplate an iron spoon with copper. In your description, include the observations and half equations that occur. Dengan bantuan gambar rajah berlabel, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyadur sudu besi dengan kuprum. Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan pemerhatian dan tuliskan persamaan setengah yang berlaku. [10 marks]
7 Diagram 7 shows parts of the Periodic Table of elements. Rajah 7 menunjukkan sebahagian unsur dalam Jadual Berkala. 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
C Mg Al
O Cl
Diagram 7 Rajah 7 (a) Write the electron arrangements for aluminium ion and oxide ion. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi ion aluminium dan ion oksida [2 marks] (b) Describe the formation of the following chemical bonds and draw the electron arrangement of compounds formed. Huraikan pembentukan bagi ikatan kimia berikut dan lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. (i) Ionic bond between magnesium atom and chlorine atom. Ikatan ionik di antara atom magnesium dengan atom klorin. [5 marks] (ii) Covalent bond between carbon atom and chlorine atom. Ikatan kovalen di antara atom karbon dengan atom klorin. [5 marks] (c) Explain each of the following statements. Terangkan setiap pernyataan berikut. (i) Compound formed in (b)(i) can conduct electricity in the molten state while compound formed in (b)(ii) cannot conduct electricity in any state. Sebatian yang terbentuk dalam (b)(i) boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan leburan manakala sebatian yang terbentuk dalam (b)(ii) tidak dapat mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam semua keadaan. [4 marks] The melting and boiling points for compound in (b)(i) is higher than compound in (b)(ii). Takat lebur dan takat didih bagi sebatian dalam (b)(i) lebih tinggi daripada sebatian dalam (b)(ii). [4 marks]
(ii)
8 Table 8 shows the heat of combustion of the first five alcohols. Jadual 8 menunjukkan haba pembakaran untuk lima alkohol yang pertama.
Alcohol / Alkohol Methanol Metanol Ethanol Etanol Propanol Propanol Butanol Butanol Pentanol Pentanol
Molecular Formula / Formula molekul CH3OH C2H5OH C3H7OH C4H9OH C5H11OH Table 8 Jadual 8
Heat of Combustion / Haba Pembakaran kJ mol-1 - 715 - 1376 - 2017 - 2675 m
The chemical equation for the combustion of ethanol is as below. Persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran etanol adalah seperti di bawah. C2H5OH (a) + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O H = - 1376 kJ mol -1
(b)
Based on the equation above, state the meaning of heat of combustion of ethanol. Berdasarkan persamaan kimia di atas, nyatakan maksud haba pembakaran bagi etanol. [ 2 marks ] Based on Table 8 , Berdasarkan Jadual 8 , (i) Draw a graph of magnitude of heat of combustion against the number of carbon atoms. Lukis graf magnitud haba pembakaran melawan bilangan atom karbon. [ 3 marks ] State the relationship between the number of carbon atoms per molecule of alcohol to the magnitude of the heat of combustion. Nyatakan hubungan di antara bilangan atom karbon per molekul alkohol kepada magnitud haba pembakaran. [ 1 mark ] From the graph, predict the heat of combustion of pentanol in kJ mol -1 Daripada graf, ramalkan haba pembakaran pentanol dalam kJ mol-1
(ii)
(iii)
[ 2 marks ] (c) Compare the heat of combustion between ethanol and butanol. Explain why there is a difference in the heat of combustion between ethanol and butanol. Bandingkan haba pembakaran etanol dengan butanol. Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan di antara haba pembakaran etanol dan butanol. [ 4 marks ] Diagram 8 shows the energy level diagram of the heat of combustion of ethanol. Rajah 8 menunjukkan gambarajah aras tenaga bagi haba pembakaran etanol. Energy Tenaga C2H5OH + 3O2
(d)
H = 1376 kJ mol -1
2CO2
3H2O
Diagram 8 Rajah 8 (i) Give four information that you can obtain from Diagram 8. Berikan empat maklumat yang boleh diperoleh daripada Rajah 8. [ 4 marks ] Calculate the energy released if 6.9 grams of ethanol is burnt completely in air. Kira haba yang di bebaskan jika 6.9 gram etanol di bakar dengan lengkap di dalam udara. [ 4 marks]
(ii)
Section C Bahagian C [20 marks] Answer any one question from this section. Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.
9 (a) By using suitable example, explain what are meant by empirical formula and molecular formula. Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, terangkan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik dan formula molekul. [3 marks] (b) The information below is for compound Q Maklumat berikut adalah bagi sebatian Q.
Carbon Karbon Hydrogen Hidrogen Oxygen Oksigen Relative molecular mass Jisim molekul relatif
40.00% 6.66% 53.33%
180
Based on the information of compound Q, determine: Berdasarkan maklumat bagi sebatian Q, tentukan: (i) The empirical formula Formula empiriknya The molecular formula Formula molekulnya [ Relative atomic mass: C,12; H,1; O,16] [ Jisim atom relatif: C,12; H,1; O,16] [ 5 marks]
(ii)
(c)
Diagram 9 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the empirical formula of two different compounds. Rajah 9 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menentukan formula empirik dua sebatian yang berlainan.
Method I Kaedah I
Method II Kaedah II Metal oxide / Oksida logam
Metal Logam Dry hydrogen gas / Gas Hidrogen kering Asbestos paper Kertas asbestos
Heat / panaskan
Heat / panaskan
Table 9 Rajah 9
(i)
(ii)
Explain why method II is not suitable to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide? Terangkan mengapa kaedah II tidak sesuai bagi menentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida? [1mark] Suggest one metal oxide in method II. Cadangkan satu oksida logam dalam kaedah II. [1 mark] Using a suitable example, describe a laboratory experiment to determine the empirical formula of an oxide of a reactive metal. Your explanation should include: Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, huraikan suatu eksperimen di makmal untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi suatu oksida logam reaktif.. Penerangan anda mestilah meliputi :
(iii)
Procedure of the experiment Prosedur bagi eksperimen Tabulation of data Penjadualan data [10 marks]
10 (a)
Table 10 shows different concentrations of hydrochloric acid and the corresponding pH values. Jadual 10 menunjukkan kepekatan berlainan bagi asid hidroklorik dan nilai pH yang sepadan.
Hydrochloric Acid Asid hidroklorik A
Concentration of hydrochloric acid Kepekatan asid hidroklorik /mol dm-3 0.001
pH
0.01
0.1
Table 10 Jadual 10
(i)
Based on Table 10, state the relationship between the concentration of hydrochloric acid and the pH value. Berdasarkan Jadual 10, nyatakan hubungan antara kepekatan asid hidroklorik dan nilai pH. Explain your answer in a (i) by referring to the number of hydrogen ions present in the acid. Jelaskan jawapan anda di a (i) dengan merujuk kepada bilangan ion hidrogen yang terdapat dalam asid itu. Arrange the hydrochloric acids in Table 10 according to increasing order of acidity. Susun asid hidroklorik dalam Jadual 10 menurut susunan menaik keasidan. [4 marks]
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
The following information is about two different alkalis. Maklumat di bawah adalah mengenai dua alkali yang berlainan.
Alkali Alkali Sodium hydroxide solution Larutan natrium hidroksida
Concentration /mol dm-3 Kepekatan /mol dm-3 0.1
pH pH 13
Ammonia solution Larutan ammonia
0.1
10
Explain why the two alkalis have different pH values. Terangkan mengapa dua alkali tersebut mempunyai nilai pH yang berlainan. [6marks]
(c)
You are required to prepare dry barium sulphate salt. Anda dikehendaki menyediakan garam barium sulfat kering.
(i) (ii)
Suggest two solutions to prepare barium sulphate salt. Cadangkan dua larutan untuk menyediakan garam barium sulfat. Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the salt. In your description, include the chemical equation and ionic equation. Huraikan suatu eksperimen makmal untuk menyediakan garam tersebut..Huraian anda mesti mengandungi persamaan kimia dan persamaan ion.
[10marks]
(a)
The following information is about two solution of ethanoic acid.

Maklumat berikut adalah tentang dua larutan asid etanoik.
Solution A
Larutan A
Ethanoic acid dissolve in water.
: Asid etanoik dilarutkan dalam air
Solution B : Ethanoic acid dissolve in propanone

Larutan B : Asid etanoik dilarutkan dalam propanon
Explain why dry blue litmus paper turns red in solution A and remain blue in solution B.
Terangkan mengapa kertas litmus biru bertukar merah dalam larutan A dan kekal biru dalam larutan B.
[4 marks] (b) In a titration, 22.00 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is required to neutralise 25.00 cm3 of sodium hydroxide.
3 -3
Dalam satu pentitratan 22.00 cm asid sulfuric 0.1 mol dm diperlukan untuk menuetralkan 3 25 cm larutan natrium hidroksida.
(i) Write the chemical equation of the reaction.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
(ii)
ini.
Calculate the concentration of sodium hydroxide used in this experiment.

Hitung kepekatan larutan natrium hidroksida yang digunakan dalam eksperimen
[6 marks] (c) Describe the chemical tests that can be used to verify the cation and anion in magnesium nitrate.
Huraikan ujian-ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal kation dan anion dalam magnesium nitrat.
[10 marks]
Diagram 5 shows two experiments to investigate one factor that affects the rate of reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji satu factor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik. Experiment I
Eksperimen I
Hydrogen gas
Gas hidrogen
50 cm of 1.0 mol dm hydrochloric acid

3 -3
-3
50 cm of 1.0 mol dm asid hidroklorik
Excess zinc granules

Butiran zink berlebihan
Experiment II
Eksperimen II
Hydrogen gas 50 cm of 1.0 mol dm hydrochloric acid + Copper (II) sulphate solution
50 cm of 1.0 mol dm asid hidroklorik + Larutan kuprum (II) sulfat
3 -3
-3
Gas hidrogen
Excess zinc granules

Butiran zink berlebihan
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
a) (i)
Based on Diagram 5, state the factor that affects the rate of reaction in this experiment.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5 nyatakan factor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) How to determine the rate of reaction in this experiment.
Bagaimanakah kadar tindak balas ditentukan dalam eksperimen ini?
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] b) In Experiment II 2.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate solution is added. The maximum volume of hydrogen gas released in Experiment I is V cm3
Dalam Eksperimen II 2.0 cm larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.5 mol dm ditambah. Isipadu 3 maksimum gas yang terbebas dalam Eksperimen I ialah V cm .
3 -3
(i)
What is the volume of hydrogen gas released in Experiment II compare to Experiment I? Explain.
Apakah isipadu gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan dalam Eksperimen II berbanding Eksperimen I.
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
(ii)
The graph for the volume of gas against time for Experiment I is sketched as shown in Graph 5.1. Graf isipadu gas melawan masa untuk Eksperimen I dilakarkan seperti ditunjukkan dalam Graf 5..1 Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3
Isipadu gas hidrogen/cm
3
Key
Kunci Experiment I Ekpserimen I
Experiment I:
Eksperimen I
Experiment II:
Eksperimen II
Time/s
Masa/s
Graph 5.1
Graf 5.1
Sketch the curve for experiment II on the same axes in Graph 5.1
Lakarkan lengkung untuk Eksperimen II di atas paksi yang sama dalam Graf 5.1.
[2 marks]
(ii) sulphate
Referring to the collision theory of particles, explain how does copper (II) solution affects the rate of reaction?
Merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana larutan kuprum(II) sulfat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas?
... .. ........... .
................................................................................................................................. .. [3 marks]
c) Table 5 shows three experiments done by a student.

Jadual 5 menunjukkan tiga eksperimen yang telah dijalankan oleh seorang pelajar.
Experiment
Eksperimen
Reactants
Bahan tindak balas
Excess calcium carbonate chips and 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.
Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 25 cm asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm .
3 -3
3 -3
3 -3
Table 5
Jadual 5
The graph of carbon dioxide gas produced against time is sketch as shown in Graph 5.2.
Graf bagi karbon dioksida yang terhasil melawan masa dilakarkan seperti ditunjukkan dalam Graf 5.2.
Volume of carbon dioxide/ cm3

Isipadu karbon dioksida/cm
3
Experiment A
GRAPH 5.2
GRAF 5.2
Time/s
Masa/s
Based on Table 5 and graph 5.2 , determine which curves represent the results of Experiment B and Experiment C. Write your answers in the boxes provided.
Berdasarkan Jadual 5 dan Graf 5.2, tentukan lengkung manakah mewakili keputusan bagi Eksperimen B dan C. Tuliskan jawapan anda dalam kotak yang disediakan.
[2 marks] 4 Diagram 4 shows a series reaction of zinc compound. Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas bagi sebatian zink. Sodium carbonate Zinc nitrate
Zink nitrat Natrium karbonat
Zinc carbonate
Zink karbonat
Zinc oxide
Zink oksida
Zinc sulphate
Zink sulfat
Diagram 4
a)
Zinc nitrate solution reacts with sodium carbonate solution to form zinc carbonate precipitate.
Larutan zink nitrat bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium karbonat untuk membentuk mendakan zink karbonat.
(i)
What is the colour of zinc carbonate?
Apakah warna zink karbonat?
..
[1 mark] (ii) Name the reaction.

Namakan tindak balas ini.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] b) Heating of zinc carbonate produce zinc oxide and gas R.
Pemanasan zink karbonat menghasilkan zink oksida dan gas R.
i)
Name gas R.
Namakan gas R.
.. [1 mark]
ii)
Write the chemical equation of the reaction.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
........................................................
[2 marks] (iii) Draw a labeled diagram for the heating of zinc carbonate to produce zinc oxide and gas R. In your diagram show how gas R is tested.
Lukis gambar rajah berlabel bagi pemanasan zink karbonat untuk menghasilkan zink oksida dan gas R. Dalam gambar rajah anda, tunjukkan bagaimana gas R itu diuji.
[2 marks] (c) Zinc carbonate reacts with sulphuric acid to produce zinc sulphate. The chemical equation is shown below.
Zink karbonat bertindak balas dengan asid sulfuric untuk menghasilkan zink sulfat. Persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas ini ditunjukkan di bawah.
ZnCO3
+H2SO4
ZnSO4 + CO2 + H2O
6.5 g Zinc carbonate reacts completely with excess sulphuric acid. Calculate the mass of zinc sulphate produced.
6.5 g zink karbonat bertindak balas lengkap dengan asid sulfuric berlebihan. Hitungkan jisim zink sulfat yang terbentuk.
[Relative molecular mass: ZnCO3 = 125, ZnSO4 = 148]

[Jisim molekul relative: ZnCO3 = 125, ZnSO4 = 148]
[3 marks]
Table 1 shows the particulars of four different types of manufactured substances in industry.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan butiran tentang empat jenis bahan buatan dalam industri.
Type of manufactured substance

Jenis bahan buatan
Example
Contoh
Component
Komponen
Glass
Kaca
Borosilicate
Borosilikat
Silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide and Y.

Silikon dioksida, natrium oksida, kalsium oksida dan Y.
Polymer
Polimer
Polythene
Politena
Ethene
Etena
Alloy Aloi Z
Brass
Loyang
Copper and zinc

Kuprum dan zink
Brick
Bata
Silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, iron (III) oxide.

Silikon dioksida, aluminium oksida, ferum(III) oksida.
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) Name the type of manufactured substance Z.

Namakan jenis bahan buatan Z.
.. [1 mark]
(b)
(i)
Brass is harder than its pure copper. Explain.

Loyang lebih keras daripada logam kuprum tulennya.Terangkan.
.....
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
(ii)
Draw a labeled diagram that shows the arrangement of particles in brass.
Lukis gambar rajah berlabel yang menunjukkan susunan zarah-zarah dalam loyang.
[2 marks]
(c)
Substance Y is part of components of borosilicate glass.

Bahan Y adalah sebahagian daripada kaca borosilikat.
(i)
Name the substance Y.

Namakan bahan Y.
......... [1 mark]
(ii) of
State one characteristic of borosilicate glass compare to the other types glasses.
Nyatakan satu sifat kaca borosilikat berbanding dengan kaca jenis yang lain.
......... [1 mark]
(d)
Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of polythene.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi politena.
H H H H | | | | CC CC | | | | H H H H
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(i)
Draw the structural formula of monomer of polythene.

Lukis formula struktur monomer bagi politena.
[1 mark]
(ii)
State one use of polythene.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan politena.
................................................................................................................................... [1mark]
Table 2 shows proton number and nucleon number for atoms P, Q and R.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom-atom P, Q dan R.
Atom
Atom
Proton number
Nombor Proton
Nucleon number
Nombor nukleon
P Q R
11 17 17 Table 2
Jadual 2
23 35 37
(a)
What is meant by the nucleon number of an atom?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor nukleon bagi atom?
.. [1 mark] (b) (i) State the atoms that are isotopes.

Nyatakan atom-atom yang merupakan isotop.
......... [1 mark] (ii) State a reason for your answer in (b)(i).

Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (b)(i).
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(c)
Write the electron arrangement of atom P.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom P.
............. [1 mark]
(d)
Draw the electron arrangement of ion Q.
Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi ion Q.
[2 marks] (e) The information shows the composition of an organic compound S.

Maklumat menunjukkan komposisi suatu sebatian organik S.
Carbon
Karbon
64.87%
Hydrogen Hidrogen
13.51% 21.62% H=1, C=12, O=16]
Oxygen
Oksigen
[Relative atomic mass :

Jisim atom relatif
Determine the empirical formula of compound S.
Tentukan formula empirik bagi sebatian S.
[3 marks]
The information shows the chemical symbols which represent elements W, X, Y and Z.
Maklumat menunjukkan simbol kimia yang mewakili unsur-unsur W, X, Y dan Z.
27
35 17
13
12
23 11
(a)
State three subatomic particles in an atom.

Nyatakan tiga zarah subatom dalam atom.
...................................... [1 mark] (b) (i) What is the meaning of the period in the Periodic Table of element?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kala dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur?
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(ii)
State the period of element W in the Periodic Table of element. Explain.

Nyatakan kala bagi unsur W dalam Jadual Berkala unsur. Terangkan.
............................................
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (c) (i) Compare the atomic size of element W and X.
Bandingkan saiz atom unsur W dan X.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(ii)
Explain your answer in (c) (i).

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c) (i).
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
(d)
Atoms of X and Z can also react to form a compound.

Atom X dan atom Z juga boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk satu sebatian.
(i)
Write the chemical formula for the compound.

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian itu.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(ii)
Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.
[2 marks]
1.
Diagram 1 shows the arrangement of particles of substance X at different temperatures.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan zarah bahan X pada suhu yang berbeza.
60 oC
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
90 oC
(b) What is the physical state of substance X at

Apakah keadaan fizikal bahan X pada
(i) (ii)
60 oC : ......................................................................... 90 oC : ......................................................................... [2 marks]
(b)
State the movement of particles of substance X at 60 oC.

Nyatakan pergerakan zarah bahan X pada 60 C.
o
............. [1 mark] (c) heated Graph 1 shows the graph of temperature against time when substance X is from 60 oC to 90 oC.
90 C. .
Graf 1 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bila bahan X dipanaskan dari 60 C kepada
Temperature/oC o Suhu/ C 90 78 60 t0 t1 t2 Graph 1

Graf 1
t3
Time/s
Masa/s
(i)
What is meant by melting point?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan takat lebur?
.. .. [1 mark] (ii) Based on Graph 1, state the melting point of substance X.

Berdasarkan Graf 1, nyatakan takat lebur bahan X.
.. [1 mark] (iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from t1 to t2.
Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah dari t1 hingga t2.
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (d) (i) Substance X cannot conduct electricity in any state. State the type of particles of substance X.
Bahan X tidak mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam semua keadaan. Nyatakan jenis zarah bagi bahan X.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(ii)
Table 1 shows two substances.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan dua bahan.
Magnesium oxide Carbon dioxide Table 1

Jadual 1
Which substance has the same type of particles as substance X? Tick ( ) the correct answer.
Bahan manakah mempunyai jenis zarah yang sama dengan bahan X? Tanda ( ) jawapan yang betul.
[1 mark]
2.
Diagram 2 shows a car.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah kereta.
PVC seat cover

Alas kerusi PVC
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
(a)
(i) The car seat is covered with polyvinyl chloride, PVC which is a polymer. What is meant by polymer?
Kerusi kereta dibaluti dengan polivinil klorida, PVC iaitu sejenis polimer. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan polimer?
........................... ....................... [1 mark] (ii) The monomer of polyvinyl chloride is chloroethene. Draw a structural formula for chloroethene.
Monomer bagi polivinil klorida ialah kloroetena. Lukis formula struktur bagi kloroetena.
[1 mark] (iii)
udara. Terangkan.
Improper disposal of PVC can cause air pollution. Explain.

Cara pembuangan PVC yang tidak betul boleh menyebabkan pencemaran
........................................................... ......... [2 marks]
(iv)
State one method to overcome the problem in 2 (a)(iii).

Nyatakan satu kaedah untuk mengatasi masalah dalam 2 (a)(iii).
................ ............... . [1 mark] (b) There are four types of glasses that are used in our daily lives.
Terdapat empat jenis kaca yang digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.
(i)
Name the major component of glass.

Namakan komponen utama kaca.
................ [1 mark] (ii) Table 2 shows three types of glasses and their uses. Complete the table.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan jenis kaca dan kegunaannya.
Lengkapkan jadual itu.
Type of glass/ Jenis kaca Borosilicate glass

Kaca borosilikat
Uses / Kegunaan
Cookware / Alatan memasak Laboratory glassware / Alatan kaca makmal Decorative lamp /Lampu hiasan Prism / Prisma Bottle / Botol Mirrors / Cermin
Table 2
Jadual 2
............................................. .
[2 marks]
(iii)
Why is borosilicate glass suitable to make cookware and laboratory glassware?

Mengapa kaca borosilikat sesuai digunakan untuk membuat alatan memasak dan radas kaca makmal?
..........................
[1 mark]
3. food.
(a)
Benzoic acid is an example of food additives that can be used when processing
Asid benzoik adalah satu contoh bahan tambah makanan yang boleh digunakan semasa memproses makanan.
(i)
What is meant by food additives?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan bahan tambah makanan?
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) What is the function of benzoic acid?

Apakah fungsi asid benzoik?
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(iii) and fine?

dan sekata?
What type of food additives that makes the texture of ice cream smooth
Apakah jenis bahan tambah makanan yang menjadikan tekstur ais krim halus
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (iv) The implication of taking excess food additives can cause side effects. State one side effect to the consumer.
menyebabkan Implikasi pengambilan bahan tambah makanan yang berlebihan boleh kesan sampingan. Nyatakan satu kesan sampingan kepada pengguna.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(b) medicine
digunakan
Antibiotic, psychotherapeutic medicine and analgesic are several types of used to cure patients.
Antibiotik, ubat psikoterapeutik dan analgesik merupakan beberapa jenis ubat yang untuk mengubati pesakit.
Table 3 shows the information about types of medicine.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan maklumat tentang jenis-jenis ubat.
Type of medicine
Jenis ubat
Example
Contoh
Antibiotic
Antibiotik
Penicillin
Penisilin
Psychotherapeutic medicine
Ubat psikoterapeutik
Tranquilizer
Trankuilizer
Table 3
Jadual 3
(i)
What are the functions of penicillin and tranquilizer?

Apakah fungsi penisilin dan trankuilizer?
Function of penicillin:
Fungsi penisilin:
...................................................................................................................................
Function of tranquilizer:
Fungsi trankuilizer:
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (ii) of antibiotic. Doctor advised the patient to finish all the antibiotic given. After two days taking antibiotic, the patient feels healthy and stops taking the What is the effect of this action to the patient?
diberikan. sihat dan berhenti Doktor menasihatkan pesakit untuk menghabiskan semua antibiotik yang Selepas dua hari mengambil antibiotik, pesakit tersebut berasa mengambil antibiotik itu. Apakah kesan tindakan ini terhadap pesakit?
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
(iii)
Diagram 3 shows the structural formula of aspirin.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi aspirin.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
Write the molecular formula and empirical formula of aspirin?

Tuliskan formula molekul dan formula empirik bagi aspirin?
Molecular formula: Formula molekul: ........................................................................ Empirical formula: Formula empirik: .....................................................................
[2 marks] (iv) Calculate the relative molecular mass of aspirin. [Relative Atomic Mass: C= 12, H= 1, O= 16]
Hitung jisim molekul relatif bagi aspirin. [Jisim atom relatif: C= 12, H= 1, O= 16]
[1 mark]
4.
Diagram 4 shows the set-up of apparatus to study the transfer of electrons at a distance. Carbon electrode P is dipped into potassium iodide solution whereas carbon electrode Q is dipped into acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak. Elektrod karbon P dicelup ke dalam larutan kalium iodida manakala elektrod karbon Q dicelup ke dalam larutan kalium dikromat (VI) berasid.
Carbon electrode Q
Elektrod karbon Q
Carbon electrode P
Elektrod karbon P
Acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution

Larutan kalium dikromat (VI) berasid

Larutan kalium iodida
Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
(a)
Transfer of electrons at a distance is a redox reaction. What is redox reaction?

Pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak merupakan satu tindak balas redoks. Apakah tindak balas redoks?
.. .. [1 mark] (b) What is the function of sulphuric acid in this experiment?

Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik dalam eksperimen ini?
.. [1 mark] (c) Draw an arrow to show the direction of electrons flow in Diagram 4.
Lukiskan anak panah untuk menunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron dalam Rajah 4.
[1 mark] (d) Write the half equation for the reaction occurred at electrode P.
Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektrod P.
.. [1 mark]
(e) After 10 minutes, a few drops of starch solution are added to the solution at electrode P.
Selepas 10 minit, beberapa titis larutan kanji ditambahkan ke dalam larutan pada elektrod P.
What is the colour change of the solution?

Apakah perubahan warna larutan itu?
.. [1 mark] (f)
Q.
The following equation shows the half equation for the reaction at electrode Q.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas pada elektrod
Cr2O7 2 (aq) + 14H+ (aq) + 6e 2Cr 3+ (aq) + 7H2O (l)
(i)
Calculate the oxidation number of chromium in Cr2O7 2 ion.
Hitungkan nombor pengoksidaan bagi kromium dalam ion Cr 2O7 .
[1 mark] (ii) State the process occurs at electrode Q.

Nyatakan proses yang berlaku pada elektrod Q.
.. [1 mark] (iii) Explain the process at 4(e)(ii) in terms of change in oxidation number.
Terangkan proses di 4(e)(ii) dari segi perubahan nombor pengoksidaan.
.. . [2 marks] (iv)
kalium
Name another chemical that can be used to replace acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution.
Namakan bahan kimia lain yang boleh digunakan bagi menggantikan larutan dikromat (VI) berasid.
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
5.
Diagram 5.1 shows the set up of apparatus for the preparation of copper (II) sulphate. Copper (II) oxide powder is added into acid until in excess.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi penyediaan kuprum (II) sulfat. Serbuk kuprum (II) oksida ditambahkan kepada asid sehingga berlebihan.
Excess copper (II) oxide powder

Serbuk kuprum (II) oksida berlebihan
Acid
Asid xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Heat
Panas
Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1
(a)
State the colour of copper (II) sulphate solution.

Nyatakan warna larutan kuprum (II) sulfat.
.......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (b)

sulfat.
Based on Diagram 5.1, name the acid used to prepare copper (II) sulphate.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, namakan asid yang digunakan bagi menyediakan kuprum (II)
................ [1 mark] (c) Write the chemical equation for the preparation of copper (II) sulphate.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi penyediaan kuprum (II) sulfat.
..........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks] (d) State the reason why copper (II) oxide powder is added until in excess.
Nyatakan sebab mengapa serbuk kuprum (II) oksida ditambah sehingga berlebihan.
................ [1 mark]
(e) excess
oksida
0.1 mol of copper (II) sulphate is produced from the reaction between acid and copper (II) oxide. Calculate the mass of copper (II) sulphate formed.
0.1 mol kuprum (II) sulfat dihasilkan daripada tindak balas antara asid dan kuprum (II) berlebihan. Hitung jisim kuprum (II) sulfat yang terbentuk.
[Relative Atomic Mass: Cu = 64, S = 32, O = 16]

[Jisim Atom Relatif: Cu = 64, S = 32, O = 16]
[2 marks] (f) solution.

sulfat.
Describe a chemical test to verify the present of cation in copper (II) sulphate
Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan kehadiran kation dalam larutan kuprum (II)
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (g) and

dan
Diagram 5.2 shows the decomposition of compound X to form copper (II) oxide gas Q.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan penguraian sebatian X bagi menghasilkan kuprum (II) oksida gas Q.
Compound X
Sebatian X
Copper (II) oxide

Kuprum (II) oksida logam
Gas Q
Gas Q
Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
Gas Q turns the limewater chalky. Compound X is another copper compound.

Gas Q mengeruhkan air kapur. Sebatian X adalah sebatian kuprum yang lain.
Based on the observation of limewater,

Berdasarkan pemerhatian ke atas air kapur,
(i)
Name gas Q.
Namakan gas Q.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Write the formula of compound X.

Tulis formula bagi sebatian X.
6.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] Diagram 6 shows the energy level diagram for the combustion of methanol.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi pembakaran metanol.
Energy
Tenaga
CH3OH + 3 O2
2
H = -728 kJ mol-1 CO2 + 2H2O
Diagram 6
Rajah 6
(a) Diagram 6.
State one information that can be obtained from the energy level diagram in
Nyatakan satu maklumat yang boleh diperolehi daripada gambar rajah aras tenaga dalam Rajah 6.
.. [1 mark]
(b)
Draw a labelled diagram of the set up of apparatus to determine the heat of combustion of methanol.
Lukis gambar rajah susunan radas yang berlabel bagi menentukan haba pembakaran metanol.
[2 marks]
(c) heat
Heat energy released from the complete combustion of 1.6 g methanol is used to 200 cm3 of water.
Haba yang terbebas daripada pembakaran lengkap 1.6 g metanol digunakan untuk 3 memanaskan 200 cm air.
(i)
Calculate the heat energy released in the reaction.

Hitung tenaga haba yang dibebaskan dalam tindak balas ini.
[ Molar mass of methanol, CH3OH = 32 gmol-1 ]

[ Jisim molar metanol CH3OH = 32 gmol
-1
[2 marks] (ii) Calculate the temperature change in the reaction.

Hitung perubahan suhu dalam tindak balas ini.
[ Specific heat capacity of water: 4.2 J g-1 oC-1 ]

[ Muatan haba tentu air: 4.2 J g
-1 o
C ]
-1
[2 marks] (d) The value of the heat of combustion of methanol obtained from the experiment always less than the theoretical value. Suggest one precaution step that should be taken in order to get a more accurate result.
Nilai haba pembakaran metanol yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen biasanya lebih rendah daripada nilai teori. Cadangkan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperolehi keputusan yang lebih tepat.
.......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (e) propanol. Table 6 shows the molecular formula and heat of combustion of ethanol and
Jadual 6 menunjukkan formula molekul dan haba pembakaran etanol dan propanol.
Name of alcohol
Nama alkohol
Molecular formula
Formula molekul
Heat of combustion/ kJmol-1

Haba pembakaran/ kJmol
-1
Ethanol
Etanol
C2H5OH C3H7OH Table 6

Jadual 6
-1376 - 2015
Propanol
Propanol
value of
haba
Based on the information in Table 6, explain why there is a difference in the heat of combustion between ethanol and propanol.
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 6, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan nilai pembakaran antara etanol dan propanol.
......................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................... [3 marks]
Section B
Bahagian B
[20 marks]
[20 markah]
Answer any one question from this section.

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.
7. Table 7.1 shows the electron arrangement of elements U, V and W.

Jadual 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi unsur U, V dan W.
Element
Unsur
Susunan elektron
2.6
V W Table 7.1
Jadual 7.1
2.1 2.8.1
a) Based on the Table 7.1,

Berdasarkan Jadual 7.1,
i)
Identify one metal and one non-metal element.

Kenal pasti satu unsur logam dan satu unsur bukan logam.
[2 marks] ii) Elements.

Nyatakan kumpulan dan kala bagi unsur W dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
State the group and period of element W in the Periodic Table of
[2 marks] (iii)
The reaction between element U and W produces a compound.

Tindak balas antara unsur U dan W menghasilkan suatu sebatian.
State one property for the compound formed.

Nyatakan satu sifat sebatian yang terbentuk.
Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed.

Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.
[3 marks] b) Table 7.2 shows the observations of element V and element W when react with water.
Jadual 7.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi unsur V dan unsur W apabila bertindak balas dengan air.
Element
Unsur
Observation
Pemerhatian
Element V
Unsur V
water
air
Element V, moves slowly at random on the water surface with a little fizzing sound. The solution formed turns red litmus paper to blue.
Unsur V, bergerak perlahan secara rawak di atas permukaan air dengan menghasilkan desiran. Larutan yang terhasil menukarkan kertas litmus merah kepada biru.
Element W
Unsur W
water
air
Element W, moves rapidly at random on the surface of the water with a hissing sound. The solution formed turns red litmus paper to blue.
Unsur W, bergerak pantas secara rawak di atas permukaan air dengan menghasikan bunyi hiss. Larutan yang terhasil menukarkan kertas litmus merah kepada biru.
Table 7.2
Jadual 7.2
(i)
dengan air.
Write the chemical equation when element V reacts with water.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas apabila unsur V bertindak balas
[3 marks]
(ii)
Compare the reactivity of elements V and W when react with water. Explain your answer.
Bandingkan kereaktifan unsur V dan W apabila bertindak balas dengan air. Terangkan jawapan anda.
[4 marks]
(c) of
kekonduksian
Diagram 7 show the set up apparatus used to compare the electrical conductivity solutions P and Q.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk membandingkan elektrik larutan P dan Q.
Bulb lights up
Mentol menyala
Bulb does not light up

Mentol tak menyala
Carbon electrode
Elektrod karbon
Solution P Larutan P
Solution Q
Larutan Q
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
Based on the observations in Diagram 7,

Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 7,
(i)
Identify the type of compound of solution P and solution Q.

Kenal pasti jenis sebatian bagi larutan P dan larutan Q.
[2 marks] (ii) Explain why there is a difference in the observations.

Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian itu.
[4 marks]
8.
(a)
Smaller pieces of charcoal are easily burnt compare to bigger pieces of charcoal. Explain why.
Arang bersaiz kecil lebih cepat terbakar berbanding arang yang besar. Terangkan mengapa.
[4 marks] (b) affecting A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate the factors the rate of reaction.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.
Table 8 shows the results of the experiments.

Jadual 8 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.
Experiment
Eksperimen
II
III
Set-up of apparatus
Susunan radas
50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution 50 cm3 larutan natrium tiosulfat 0.2 mol dm-3 + 10 cm3 of 1.0 mol -3 dm sulphuric acid 10 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3
Temperature / C
Suhu / C
o
30
35
30
Time taken for X mark to disappear from sight / s

Masa yang diambil untuk tanda X tidak kelihatan / s
18
10
50
Table 8
Jadual 8
(i)
Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I and Experiment II.
Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.
[2 marks]
(ii) and
dengan larutan
The chemical equation below shows the reaction between sulphuric acid sodium thiosulphate solution.
Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara asid sulfurik natrium tiosulfat.
Na2S2O3 H2O
H2SO4
Na2SO4
+ SO2 + S +
Calculate the maximum mass of sulphur produced in Experiment III.

Hitung jisim maksimum sulfur yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen III. [ Relative Atomic Mass : S = 32 ] [ Jisim Atom Relatif : S = 32 ]
[4 marks]
(iii)
Based on Table 8, compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II
Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II
Berdasarkan Jadual 8, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara
Experiment I and Experiment III

Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen III
to the
kepada
In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference Collision Theory.
Bagi setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk Teori Perlanggaran.
[10 marks]
Section C
Bahagian C
[20 marks]
[20 markah]

9. an
(a)
You have an impure silver plate. The impure silver plate can be purified by using electrolysis process. Draw a labelled diagram of the set up of the apparatus for the experiment.
Anda mempunyai satu kepingan argentum tak tulen. Kepingan argentum tak tulen tersebut boleh ditulenkan melalui proses elektrolisis. Lukiskan gambarajah berlabel susunan radas bagi eksperimen tersebut. [4
marks] (b) electrolysis

elektrolisis
Table 9 shows the set up of apparatus of two experiments to investigate process by using different electrodes.
Jadual 9 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji proses dengan menggunakan elektrod yang berlainan.
Experiment
Eksperimen
Apparatus set-up
Susunan radas
A
Copper electrodes
Elektrod kuprum
Copper(II) sulphate solution

Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat
Carbon electrodes
Elektrod karbon
II
A
Copper(II) sulphate solution

Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat
Table 9
Jadual 9
(i) experiments.
eksperimen.
Compare the observation and product formed at the anode for both
Bandingkan pemerhatian dan hasil yang terbentuk di anod bagi kedua-dua
(ii)
Write the half equation at the anode for both experiments.

Tuliskan persamaan setengah di anod bagi kedua-dua eksperimen.
[6 marks] (c) Study the following statement.

Kaji pernyataan berikut:
Chemical energy can be changed to electrical energy.

Tenaga kimia boleh ditukarkan kepada tenaga elektrik.
Describe a laboratory experiment to prove this statement by using dilute sulphuric acid as the electrolyte and two different metals.
Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk membuktikan pernyataan di atas dengan menggunakan asid sulfurik cair sebagai elektrolit dan dua logam yang berlainan.
Your explanation must include:

Penerangan anda mestilah mengandungi:
a labelled diagram
gambar rajah berlabel
procedure
prosedur
observation
pemerhatian
half equation
setengah persamaan
[10 marks]
10
(a)
Alcohol R contains four carbon atoms and is able to show isomerism. Draw and name the structural formulae of two isomers of alcohol R.
Alkohol R mengandungi empat karbon atom dan boleh menunjukkan keisomeran. Lukis dan namakan dua formula struktur bagi dua isomer alkohol R.
[4 marks]
(b)
Table 10 shows two structural formulae of carbon compounds of P and Q.

Jadual 10 menunjukkan dua formula struktur sebatian karbon P dan Q.
Carbon compound
Sebatian karbon
Structural formula
Formula struktur
H H
P
C C H H O H C O H
Table 10
Jadual 10
Based on Table 10, compare carbon compounds P and Q.

Berdasarkan Jadual 10, bandingkan sebatian karbon P dan Q.
[6 marks]
(c) hexane
mengandungi
Diagram 10 shows two reagent bottles X and Y. One of the bottles contains while another bottle contains hexene.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan dua botol reagen X dan Y. Satu dari botol-botol tersebut heksana dan satu lagi botol mengandungi heksena.
Diagram 10
Rajah 10
Describe a chemical test that can be used to verify hexane and hexene in each bottle. Your explanation should includes:
heksena Huraikan satu ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal pasti heksana dan dalam setiap botol. Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi:
List of apparatus and materials

Senarai bahan dan radas
Procedure
Prosedur
Observations
Pemerhatian
[10 marks]
1.
Diagram 1 shows the symbols which represent four elements W, Q, R and S.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol yang mewakili empat unsur W, Q, R dan S.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a)(i)
What is the nucleon number for W?

Apakah nombor nukleon bagi W?
..... [1 mark]
(ii)
Write the electron arrangement of atom W.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom W.
..... [1 mark]
(iii) State the position of element R in Periodic Table of Elements. Explain your
answer.
Nyatakan kedudukan unsur R dalam Jadual Berkala Berkala. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
.. .. .. [3 marks]
(b)(i)
State the atoms that are isotopes.

Nyatakan atom atom yang merupakan isotop.
......................
[1 mark]
(ii)
State the reason for your answer in (b)(i).

Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (b)(i).
... .. [1 mark]
(c) Which elements in Diagram 1 is a monoatomic gas? Explain your answer.

Antara unsurunsur dalam Rajah 1, yang manakah gas monoatom? Terangkan jawapan anda.
..... ..... ..... [2 marks]
H H
n C=C H H Ethene
Etene
C H
C H
Polyethene
Polietena
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
2.
Diagram 2 shows the equation for the formation of polyethene. Polyethene is a synthetic polymer.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan persamaan pembentukan polietena. Polietena merupakan polimer sintetik.
a)
(i)
What is meant by polymer?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan polimer?
...........................
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Name the process for the formation of polyethene.
Namakan proses bagi pembentukan polietena.
.................... [1 mark] (iii) State one use of polyethene in our daily live.
Nyatakan satu kegunaan polietena dalam kehidupan harian.
............................... [1 mark]
b)
sukar
Synthetic polymers are widely used today. However they are difficult to dispose.
Polimer sintetik mempunyai banyak kegunaan pada masa kini. Bagaimanapun ia sangat untuk dilupuskan.
(i)
It is not wise to dispose synthetic polymers by burning. Explain why.

Adalah tidak bijak melupuskan polimer sintetik dengan kaedah pembakaran. Terangkan mengapa.
.........
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) State two ways to overcome the problem in b(i).
Nyatakan dua cara untuk mengatasi masalah di b(i).
....................... ........................... [2 marks] c) Table 2 shows three types of glasses used in our daily lives.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan tiga jenis kaca yang digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.
Complete Table 2 below.

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 di bawah
Type of glass
Jenis kaca
Component
Komponen
Example of glass
Contoh kaca
Silica
Silika
Mirror
Cermin
Silica
Silika
Borosilicate glass
Kaca borosilikat
....... Calcium oxide

Kalsium oksida
Sodium oxide
Natrium oksida
Glass lid of slow cooker

Penutup kaca alat memasak
Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oksida
Silica
Silika
Sodium oxide
Natrium oksida
Calcium oxide
Kalsium oksida
Water Jug
Jag air
Glass cup
Cawan kaca
3. are
Table 2 [3 marks] 3 -3 Jadual 2 The mixture of 5.0 cm palm oil and 50 cm of 5 mol dm sodium hydroxide solutions boiled in a beaker. Glass rod is used to stir the mixture. Then 3 spatula of solid sodium chloride and 50 cm3 of distilled water are added. The mixture is heated for another 5 minutes and then allowed to cool.
3
3 3 -3
Campuran 5.0 cm minyak sawit dan 50 cm larutan natrium hidroksida 5 mol dm dididihkan dalam bikar. Rod kaca digunakan untuk mengacau campuran itu. 3 3 spatula pepejal natrium klorida dan 50 cm air suling ditambahkan. Campuran dipanaskan lagi selama 5 minit dan kemudian disejukkan.
a)
(i)
Name the process involved.

Namakan proses yang terlibat.
......... [1 mark] (ii) Sodium chloride is added into the mixture.Why?

Natrium klorida ditambah kepada campuran.Mengapa?
.. [1 mark]
b) with
Diagram 3.1 shows part of the washing action of soap particles on a cloth stained grease.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada tindakan pencucian oleh zarah-zarah sabun ke atas kotoran bergris pada kain.
Water
Air
Grease
Gris
Cloth
Kain
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
(i)
State the part of a soap particle that is soluble in water.
Nyatakan bahagian zarah sabun yang larut dalam air.
................................................................................................................................. ..[1 mark]
(ii)
What is the effect of soap on the surface tension of water?
Apakah kesan sabun ke atas ketegangan permukaan air?
................................................... . [1 mark]
(iii) grease?
Based on diagram 3.1, explain how does the anion of soap act on
Berdasarkan rajah 3.1, terangkan bagaimana anion sabun bertindak ke atas gris?
................................................................................................................................. .. ................................................................................................................................. .. ................................................................................................................................. .. [2 marks]
Cloth
Kain
Soap + soft water

Sabun + air lembut
Cloth
Kain
Soap + hard water

Sabun + air liat
Grease
Gris
Grease
Gris
Beaker P
Bikar P
Beaker Q Diagram 3.2

Rajah 3.2 Bikar Q
c)
Based on Diagram 3.2
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.2
(i)
What is the difference between soft water and hard water?

Apakah perbezan antara air lembut dan air liat?
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
(ii) why.
In which beaker is the soap more effective as cleaning agent? Explain
Dalam bikar manakah sabun bertindak lebih berkesan sebagai agen pembersih?Terangkan mengapa.
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
4.
A student carried out an experiment to construct an ionic equation for the formation of barium chromate(VI).
Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk membina persamaan ion bagi pembentukan barium kromat(VI).
Step I into Step II Step III
5.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of potassium chromate(VI) solution is poured each test tube labelled 1 to 8. 1.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of barium chloride solution is added into test tube 1. Step II is repeated by using test tube 2 to test tube 8 using the volume of barium chloride solution as shown in Table 4.
Step IV All the test tube are shaken and put in the rack to allow barium chromate(VI) to precipitate. The height of the precipitate is measured and recorded.
Langkah I 5.0 cm larutan kalium kromat (VI) 0.5 mol dm dimasukkan ke dalam setiap tabung uji yang berlabel 1 hingga 8. 1.0 cm larutan barium klorida 0.5 mol dm
3 -3 3 -3
Langkah II Langkah III larutan Langkah IV kromat(VI)
ditambah ke dalam tabung uji 1.
Langkah 2 diulangi bagi tabung uji 2 hingga 8 dengan menggunakan isipadu barium klorida seperti dalam Jadual 4 Semua tabung uji digoncangkan dan diletakkan dalam rak supaya barium termendak. Tinggi mendakan yang terbentuk diukur dan dicatatkan.
The result of the experiment is shown in Table 4.

Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalan Jadual 4.
Test tube
Tabung uji
Volume of barium chloride/ cm3

Isipadu barium 3 klorida/ cm
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Height of precipitate/ cm
Tinggi mendakan/cm
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
Table 4
Jadual 4
a)
What is the colour of the precipitate formed?
Apakah warna mendakan yang terbentuk?
.......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] b) Based on Table 4, plot a graph of the height of precipitate against the volume of barium chloride solution.
Berdasarkan Jadual 4, lukis graf tinggi mendakan melawan isipadu barium klorida.
[3 marks] c) (i) Based on the plotted graph in (b) Determine the minimum volume of barium chloride solution needed to completely react with 5.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium chromate (VI) solution.
Tentukan isipadu minimum larutan barium klorida yang diperlukan untuk 3 -3 lengkap dengan 5.0 cm larutan kalium kromat (VI) 0.5 mol dm . Berdasarkan graf yang telah dilukis di (b),
bertindakbalas
[1 mark] (ii) Calculate the number of moles of barium ions, Ba2+.

Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion barium, Ba .
2+
[1 mark] (iii) Calculate the number of moles of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42-.

Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion kromat(VI), CrO 4 .
2-
[1 mark] Calculate the number of moles of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42- that has 1 mole of barium ions, Ba2+ .
Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion kromat(VI), CrO 4 yang telah bertindakbalas 2+ 1 mol ion barium, Ba .
2-
(iv) reacted with

dengan
[1 mark] (v) Write the ionic equation for the formation of barium chromate(VI).
Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi pembentukan barium kromat(VI).
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
d) why.
The height of precipitate in test tubes 5,6,7 and 8 remains unchanged. Explain
Tinggi mendakan dalam tabung uji 5,6,7 dan 8 tidak berubah. Terangkan mengapa.
..........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
5. Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction occurred in test tubes A and B.
uji A Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji tindak balas yang berlaku di dalam tabung dan B.
Agar-agar solution
+
Chlorine water
Air klorin
Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution + Phenolphthalein

Larutan agar-agar + Larutan kalium heksasianoferat (III)+ Fenolftalein
Iron(II) sulphate solution

Larutan ferum(II) sulfat
Iron nail coiled with zinc

Paku besi yang dililit dengan zink
Test tube A
Tabung uji A
Test tube B
Tabung uji B
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
(a)
Based on test tube A,

Berdasarkan tabung uji A,
(i)
Name the reaction occurred.

Namakan tindak balas yang berlaku.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction.
Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas tersebut.
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
(iii)
State a chemical test to verify the product formed.

Nyatakan satu ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil yang terbentuk.
...................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
(b)
Based on test tube B,

Berdasarkan tabung uji B,
(i)
State the observation involved.
Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Experiment is repeated by using copper to replace zinc. State the observation involved.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan kuprum bagi menggantikan zink. Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat.
................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (c) Compare the answer in (b)(i) and (b) (ii) and explain why there is a difference in the observation.
Bandingkan jawapan di (b)(i) dan (b) (ii) dan terangkan kenapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian.
............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. [2 marks] (d) When iron is exposed to water and oxygen, it rusts easily. State one method to prevent the rusting of iron.
untuk Apabila besi terdedah kepada air dan oksigen, ia mudah berkarat. Nyatakan satu kaedah mengelakkan besi daripada berkarat.
.......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
6.
berikut.
The equation for combustion of propanol in excess oxygen is given below.

Persamaan tindakbalas pembakaran propanol dalam oksigen berlebihan diberikan seperti
C3H7OH H= -2015 kJ mol-1 2
+ 9 O2
3CO2 + 4H2O
(a)
State one information that can be obtained from the given equation. Nyatakan satu maklumat yang boleh diperolehi daripada persamaan yang diberikan.
............................................. [1 mark]
(b)
Heat given out from the complete combustion of 1.2 g propanol is used to heat 200 cm3 of water.
Haba yang terbebas daripada pembakaran lengkap 1.2 g propanol digunakan untuk 3 memanaskan 200 cm air.
Calculate:
Hitung:
(i)
The heat energy given out in the reaction.

Tenaga haba yang dibebaskan dalam tindak balas ini.
[Molar mass of propanol, C3H7OH = 60 gmol-1] [Jisim molar bagi propanol, C3H7OH = 60 gmol-1]
[2 marks]
(ii)
The temperature change in the reaction.

Perubahan suhu dalam tindak balas ini.
[ Spesific heat capacity of water
= 4.2 Jg-1 oC-1 ; Density of water = 1 gcm-3 ]

-1 o
[ Muatan haba tentu bagi air = 4.2 Jg
-1
; Ketumpatan air = 1 gcm ]
-3
[2 marks] (c) Draw the energy level diagram for this reaction.
Lukis gambarajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas ini.
[3 marks]
less
(d) The value of the heat of combustion of propanol obtained from the experiment is than the theoretical value. Suggest one precaution step that should be taken in order to get a more accurate result.
Nilai haba pembakaran propanol yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen ini lebih rendah daripada nilai teori. Cadangkan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperolehi keputusan yang lebih tepat.
..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark] (e) and Table 6 shows the molecular formula and the heat of combustion for methanol ethanol.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan formula molekul dan haba pembakaran bagi methanol dan etanol.
Alcohol
Alkohol
Molecular formula
Formula molekul
Heat of combustion/kJmol-1
Haba pembakaran/kJmol
-1
Methanol
Methanol
CH3OH C2H5OH Table 6

Jadual 6
-728 -1376
Ethanol
Etanol
value of
haba
Based on the information in Table 6, explain why there is a difference in the heat of combustion between methanol and ethanol.
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 6, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan nilai pembakaran antara metanol dan etanol.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................... [3 marks]
Section B
Bahagian B
[20 marks]
[20 markah]

7. (a) Food can be cooked faster when smaller pieces of charcoal are used compare to bigger pieces of charcoal. Explain why.
berbanding Makanan akan lebih cepat masak apabila menggunakan arang yang bersaiz kecil arang bersaiz besar. Terangkan mengapa.
[4 marks] (b) A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affaecting the rate of reaction between sulphuric acid and zinc.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas di antara asid sulfurik dan zink.
Table 7 shows the results of the experiments.

Jadual 7 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.
Experiment
Eksperimen
3
I
50 cm of 1.0 mol dm sulphuric acid
-3 3
II
-3 3
III
-3
50 cm3asid sulfurik1.0 mol dm-3 Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen
50 cm3asid sulfurik1.0 mol dm-3 Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen
50 cm3asid sulfuric 0.5 mol dm-3 Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen
Set-up of apparatus
Susunan radas
Zinc powder
Serbuk zink
Zinc granule
Ketulan zink
Zinc granule
Ketulan zink
Time taken to 3 collect 40cm of hydrogen gas/s

Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpulkan 40 cm3 gas hydrogen/s
80
160
240
Table 7
Jadual 7
(i)
Calculate the average rate of reaction for experiment II.

Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen II.
[1 mark]
(ii) acid.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and sulphuric Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced in Experiment
III. [ 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure]
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara zink dengan asid sulfurik. Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen III. 3 [ 1 mol gas menempati isipadu sebanyak 24 dm pada suhu dan tekanan bilik]
[5 marks] (iii) Based on Table 7, compare the rate of reaction between

Berdasarkan Jadual 7 bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara
Experiment I and experiment II

Eksperimen I and experiment II
Experiment II and experimen III

Eksperimen II dan eksperimen III
In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to the Collision Theory.
Bagi setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepada Teori Perlanggaran.
[10 marks]
(a)
iodida.
Diagram 8.1 shows the set-up of the apparatus to study the electrolysis of potassium iodide solution.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan kalium
Carbon electrode P
Elektrod karbon P
Carbon electrode Q
Elektrod karbon Q
0.0001 mol dm potassium iodide solution

Larutan kalium iodida 0.0001 mol dm
-3
-3
Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1
(i)
State the ions attracted at electrode P and electrode Q.

Nyatakan ion-ion yang tertarik pada elektrod P dan elektrod Q.
[2 marks] (ii) Name the products formed at electrode P and electrode Q.

Namakan hasil yang terbentuk pada elektrod P dan elektrod Q.
[2 marks] (iii) If the experiment is repeated by using 1.0 mol dm-3 of potassium iodide solution: Name the products formed at electrode P and electrode Q Write half equations for both electrodes Describe a confirmatory test to verify the presence of the product formed at electrode P
Sekiranya eksperimen ini diulangi dengan menggunakan larutan kalium iodida -3 1.0 mol dm : Namakan hasil yang terbentuk pada elektrod P dan elektrod Q Tulis setengah persamaan bagi kedua-dua elektrod Huraikan ujian pengesahan untuk mengesahkan kehadiran hasil yang terbentuk pada elektrod P
[6 marks]
(b)
Diagram 8.2 shows two type of cells.

Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan dua jenis sel.
V
Copper kuprum Copper(II) sulphate solution
Larutan kuprum (II) sulfat
Copper kuprum
Aluminium
Aluminium
Cell X Diagram 8.2

Rajah 8.2
Cell Y
Compare and contrast cell X and cell Y in term of: Type of cell The energy change The terminals of the cells Ions presence in the electrolyte Observation Half equation for both electrodes Name of the processes occurred at the positive terminal of each cell
Banding dan beza sel X dan sel Y dari segi: Jenis sel Perubahan tenaga Terminal bagi kedua-dua sel Ion-ion yang hadir dalm elektrolit Pemerhatian Setengah persamaan bagi kedua-dua elektrod Nama proses yang berlaku pada terminal positif kedua-dua sel
[10 marks]
Section C
Bahagian C
[20 marks]
[20 markah]

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian
9.
(a)
Alkene X contains four carbon atoms and is able to show isomerism. Draw and name the structural formulae of two isomers of alkene X.
Alkena X mengandungi empat atom karbon dan boleh menunjukkan keisomeran. Lukis dan namakan dua formula struktur bagi dua isomer alkena X.
[4 marks] (b) Table 9 shows the information of compound P and compound Q.

Jadual 9 menunjukkan maklumat mengenai sebatian P dan sebatian Q.
Compound P
Sebatian P
Compound Q
Sebatian Q
Has 4 carbon atoms

Mempunyai 4 atom karbon
Has 4 carbon atoms

Mempunyai 4 atom karbon
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
Hidrokarbon tidak tepu
Saturated hydrocarbon
Hidrokarbon tepu
Table 9
Jadual 9
Based on the information in Table 9

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 9
draw the structural formulae

lukis formula struktur
name the functional group

namakan kumpulan berfungsi
write the general formula

tulis formula am
for compound P and compound Q.

untuk sebatian P dan sebatian Q.
[6 marks] (c) Diagram 9 shows two reagent bottles M and N. One of the bottles contains ethanol while another bottle contains ethanoic acid.
tersebut Rajah 9 menunjukkan dua botol reagen M dan N. Satu daripada botol-botol mengandungi etanol dan satu lagi botol mengandungi asid etanoik.
Daigram 9
Rajah 9
each
etanoik
Describe a chemical test that can be used to verify ethanol and ethanoic acid in bottle. Your explanation should include:
Huraikan satu ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal pasti etanol dan asid dalam setiap botol. Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi:
List of apparatus and materials

Senarai bahan dan radas
Procedure
Prosedur
Observations
Pemerhatian
[10 marks]
10. a) industry,
Isotopes have important uses in our daily lives, for example in medicine, agriculture and archeology. Choose two of the above examples. State an isotope and its purposes in each example that you have chosen.
Isotop mempunyai kegunaan yang penting dalam kehidupan harian, contohnya dalam perubatan, industri, peretanian dan arkeologi. Pilih dua contoh di atas. Nyatakan isotop dan kegunaannya dalam setiap contoh yang anda pilih.
bidang
[4 marks] b) Table 10.1 shows the electron arrangement of compound X and Y.

Jadual 10. menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi sebatian X dan Y.
Compound
Sebatian
Susunan elektron
+
X
P+
R-
Table 10.1
Jadual 10.1
(i)
Based on Table 10.1, determine the types of compound X and Y.

Berdasarkan Jadual 10.1, tentukan jenis sebatian X dan Y.
[2 marks]
(ii) and Y.
Compound X and compound Y have different physical properties. Choose one of the physical properties that can differentiate between compound X Explain the difference in the physical properties between compound X and Y.
Sebatian X dan sebatian Y mempunyai sifat fizik yang berbeza. Plih satu sifat fizik tersebut yang dapat membezakan antara sebatian X and Y. Terangkan perbezaan sifat fizik tersebut di antara sebatian X dan Y.
[4 marks]
c) letters are
ini
Table 10.2 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X, Y and Z. These not the actual symbols of the elements.
Jadual 10.2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom-atom W, X, Y and Z. Huruf-huruf bukanlah merupakan simbol sebenar unsur.
Element
Unsur
Susunan elektron
W X Y Z Table 10.2
Jadual 10.2
2.4 2.6 2.8.1 2.8.2
ionic
bagaimana
Using the information in Table 10.2, choose any two elements and explain how and covalent compound are formed.
Gunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 10.2, pilih mana-mana dua unsur dan terangkan sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen terbentuk.
[10 marks]
Diagram 1.1 shows the inter-conversion of the two states of matter of substance Q.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan perubahan dua keadaan jirim bagi bahan Q.
Process X
Solid Q
Pepejal Q
Proses X
Process Y
Gas Q
Gas Q
Proses Y
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
(a) Name process X.
Namakan proses X.
. [1 mark] (b) When substance Q changes from gas to solid, state the change in term of :
Apabila bahan Q berubah daripada keadaan gas kepada pepejal, nyatakan perubahan dari segi :
(i) The energy of the particles
Tenaga kinetik zarah-zarah

... [1 mark] (ii) The forces of attraction between the particles
Daya tarikan antara zarah-zarah

... [1 mark] (c) Draw the arrangement of particles of substance Q in solid state.
Lukiskan susunan zarah-zarah bahan Q dalam keadaan pepejal.
[1 mark] (d) Diagram 1.2 and Diagram 1.3 shows the apparatus set up of two experiments.
water air copper(II) sulphate
after 1 hour
blue colour of copper(II) sulphate crystal spreads throughout the water
selepas 1 jam
Rajah 1.2 dan Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua eksperimen.
Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2
gel agaragar copper(II) sulphate crystal hablur kuprum(II) sulfat
after 3 days
selepas 3 hari
blue colour of copper(II) sulphate crystal spreads throughout the gel warna biru hablur kuprum(II) sulfat merebak ke seluruh agar-agar
Diagram 1.3
Rajah 1.3
(i) State the name of the process involved in both experiments.
Nyatakan nama proses yang terlibat dalam kedua-dua eksperimen.

. [1 mark] (ii) State the type of particles in copper(II) sulphate crystal.
Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam hablur kuprum(II) sulfat.

. [1 mark] (iii) Based on Diagram 1.2 and Diagram 1.3, explain the differences in the observation by using kinetic theory of matter.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2 dan Rajah 1.3, terangkan perbezaan dalam pemerhatian dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim.
. . . .
[3 marks]
Diagram 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements. W, X, Y and Z do not represent the actual symbol of the elements.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. W, X, Y dan Z tidak mewakili simbol sebenar unsur berkenaan.
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
Using the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in Diagram 2, answer the following questions.
Dengan menggunakan huruf yang terdapat dalam Jadual Berkala pada Rajah 2, jawab soalan berikut :
(a) Choose an element that is an inert gas.
Pilih satu unsur gas nadir.

.......... [1 mark] (b) (i) Arrange W,X, Y and Z according to the decrease in size of atoms.
Susun W,X, Y dan Z mengikut pengurangan saiz atom.

. [1 mark] (ii) Explain the answer in (b) (i).
Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b) (i).

. . .
[2 marks] (c) (i) Which element is a transition element?
Unsur yang manakah merupakan unsur peralihan?

. [1 mark] (ii) State one special characteristic of transition element.
Nyatakan satu ciri istimewa unsur peralihan.

. [1 mark]
(d)
Draw the electron arrangement for atom X.
Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.
[1 mark] (e) Write the chemical equation when X reacts with oxygen.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia apabila X bertindak balas dengan oksigen.

... [2 marks]
Diagram 3.1 shows the aloe vera plant.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan pokok lidah buaya.
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
Aloe vera plant can be used as a traditional medicine.
Pokok lidah buaya boleh digunakan sebagai ubat tradisional.

(a) (i) State one function of aloe vera as a traditional medicine.
Nyatakan satu fungsi pokok lidah buaya sebagai ubat tradisional.

. [1 mark] (ii) Name one traditional medicine that can cure wind in the body.
Namakan satu ubat tradisional yang dapat merawat angin dalam badan.
. [1 mark]
(b)
Table 3 shows two types of medicine and their examples.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan dua jenis ubat moden dan contohnya.

Type of medicine Example
Jenis ubat
X Y Table 3
Contoh
Aspirin
Aspirin
Streptomycin
Sreptomisin Jadual 3
Based on the Table 3, answer the following questions :
Berdasarkan Jadual 3, jawab soalan-soalan berikut :

(i) State X and Y:
Nyatakan X dan Y:
X : Y : [2 marks] (ii) Why must a patient complete all the streptomycin as prescribed by the
doctor?
Mengapa pesakit perlu mengambil hingga habis ubat streptomisin seperti yang disarankan oleh doctor ?
. . [2 marks] (iii)
A doctor found that a patient is suffered with tuberculosis and pneumonia. State a suitable medicine that can be prescribed by the doctor. Seorang doktor mendapati pesakitnya mengalami penyakit tibi dan pneumonia . Apakah jenis ubat yang sesuai disarankan oleh doktor tersebut.
. [1 mark]
(c)
Diagram 3.2 shows the apparatus set-up to prepare soap.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menyediakan sabun.
Palm oil
Minyak sawit
+ Concentrated Sodium hydroxide solution
+ Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida
Larutan natrium hidroksida pekat
Heat
Panaskan
Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2
(i) Name the process for the preparation of soap.
Namakan proses bagi penyediaan sabun.

. [1 mark] (ii) CH3 Diagram 3.3 shows the structure of a soap ion.
Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan struktur satu ion sabun.

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CO O Part X Part Y
Bahagian X
Bahagian Y
Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3
State the part of the soap ion that is soluble in water.
Nyatakan bahagian ion sabun yang larut dalam air.

. [1 mark]
(iii)
The oily stains on cloth cannot be removed when wash in hard water by using soap. Explain why.
Kotoran berminyak pada pakaian tidak dapat ditanggalkan apabila dibersihkan dalam air liat dengan menggunakan sabun. Terangkan
mengapa.
. . . [2 marks]
Diagram 4.1 shows the apparatus set-up for the neutralisation reaction between nitric acid and potassium hydroxide solution for preparation of salt X.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk tindak balas peneutralan antara asid nitrik dan larutan kalium hidroksida untuk penyediaan garam X.
20.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 nitric acid
20.0 cm3 asid nitrik 0.5 mol dm-3
20.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm 3 potassium hydroxide solution + phenolphthalein indicator
20.0 cm3 larutan kalium hidroksida 0.5 mol dm-3 + penunjuk fenolftalein
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
(a) State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask at the end point.
Nyatakan perubahan warna larutan dalam kelalang kon pada takat akhir.
. . [1 mark] (b) (i) State the name of salt X.
Namakan garam X.
. [1 mark]
(ii)
Write a chemical equation for the above reaction.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di atas.

. [1 mark] (iii) Calculate the maximum mass of salt X formed. [Molar mass of salt X = 101 g mol-1]
Hitungkan jisim maksimum garam X yang terbentuk. [Jisim molar garam X = 101 g mol-1]
[3 marks] (c) (i) The experiment is repeated with 0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid to replace nitric acid. Predict the volume of sulphuric acid needed to neutralize completely.
Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan 0.5 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik bagi menggantikan asid nitrik. Ramalkan isipadu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan untuk peneutralan lengkap.
(ii)
. [1 mark] Explain your answer in (c) (i).
Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c) (i).

. . .
[2 marks] (iii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction in (c) (i).
Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas dalam (c) (i).

. [1 mark]
Diagram 5.1 shows the reaction of propanol to form compound R.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan tindak balas propanol untuk menghasilkan sebatian R. Process I Proses I Hydrogenatio n Penghidrogen an C3H8 Compound R Sebatian R
CH3CH2CH2 OH Propanol
C3H6 Compound Q Sebatian Q

Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1
(a) Name the homologous series of propanol.
Namakan siri homolog bagi propanol.

... [1 mark] (b) Compound Q,C3H6 is produced through Process I. Draw and name the structural formula of compound Q.
Sebatian Q, C3H 6 dihasilkan melalui Proses I. Lukis dan namakan formula struktur bagi sebatian Q.
[2 marks] (c) Draw the apparatus set-up for process I.
Lukis susunan radas bagi proses I.
[2 marks]
(d)
Compound Q and compound R burnt incompletely and produce soot.Calculate the percentage of carbon for compound Q and compound R. [Relative atomic mass : C = 12; H = 1]
Sebatian Q dan sebatian R terbakar tidak lengkap dan menghasilkan jelaga.Hitungkan peratus karbon bagi sebatian Q dan sebatian R. [Jisim atom relatif : C = 12; H = 1]
[2 marks] (e) Based on the calculation in (d),
Berdasarkan pengiraan di (d),

Compare the sootiness produced from compound Q and compound R. Explain.
Bandingkan kejelagaan yang terhasil daripada sebatian Q dan sebatian R.Terangkan.
. . . [2 marks] (f) Compound Q undergoes hydrogenation process to produce compound R.
Sebatian Q mengalami proses penghidrogenan untuk menghasilkan sebatian R.

State the catalyst and temperature used in this process.
Nyatakan mangkin dan suhu yang digunakan dalam proses ini. (i) Catalyst Mangkin : ..
(ii) Temperature Suhu :

[2 marks]
Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up to determine heat of displacement of copper by using zinc powder. The result of the experiment is recorded in the Table 6.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan haba penyesaran bagi kuprum dengan menggunakan serbuk zink. Keputusan eksperimen dicatat dalam Jadual 6.
5 g of zinc powder
5 g sebuk zink
Plastic cup
Cawan plastik
50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphate solution
50 cm3 larutan kuprum(II)
Diagram 6
Rajah 6
Initial temperature of copper(II) sulphate solution (oC)
Suhu awal larutan kuprum(II) sulfat (oC)

Highest temperature of the mixture (oC)
30.0
Suhu tertinggi campuran (oC)
38.0
Table 6
Rajah 6
(a) What is the meaning of heat of displacement?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan haba penyesaran?

... ... [1 mark] (b) State the type of reaction that occurs based on the temperature change.
Nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku berdasarkan perubahan suhu.

... [1 mark]
(c)
Calculate :
Kira : (i) the heat change for the reaction [Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; Density of solution = 1 g cm-3]
perubahan haba bagi tindak balas. [Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; Ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm3 ]
[1 marks] (ii) the heat of displacement for the reaction.
haba penyesaran bagi tindak balas.
[2 marks] (d) Draw energy level diagram for the reaction.
Lukiskan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas tersebut.
[3 marks]
(e)
Experiment I is repeated by using 100 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 of copper(II) sulphate solution.
Eksperimen I diulangi dengan menggunakan 100 cm3 larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.2 mol dm-3.
(i) Based on Experiment I, predict the temperature change for the reaction.
Berdasarkan Eksperimen I, ramalkan perubahan suhu bagi tindak balas tersebut.

... [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in (e) (i).
Terangkan jawapan dalam (e) (i).

... ... ... [2 marks]
Section B
Bahagian B
[20 marks]
[20 markah]
(a)
The following information is about two solution of ammonia.
Maklumat berikut adalah tentang dua larutan ammonia.

Solution A : Ammonia dissolve in water.
Larutan A
Solution B
: Ammonia dilarutkan dalam air.

: Ammonia dissolve in methylbenzene
Larutan B : Ammonia dilarutkan dalam metilbenzena.

Explain why dry red litmus paper turns blue in solution A and remain red in solution B.
Terangkan mengapa kertas litmus merah bertukar biru dalam larutan A dan kekal tidak berubah dalam larutan B.
[4 marks]
(b)
In a tiration, 22.00 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is required to neutralise 25.00 cm3 of potassium hydroxide solution.
Dalam satu pentitratan 22.00 cm3 asid hidroklorik diperlukan untuk meneutralkan 25.00 cm3 larutan kalium hidroksida.
(i) Write the chemical equation of the reaction. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
(ii)
Calculate the concentration of potassium hydroxide used in this experiment.
Hitung kepekatan larutan kalium hidroksida yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.
[4 marks] (c) The sting of a jelly-fish is alkaline and caused pain. Suggest one substance that can applied to the skin to relieve the pain without causing further injury. Explain your answer.
Sengatan obor-obor adalah beralkali dan menyebabkan kesakitan. Cadangkan satu bahan yang boleh disapu pada kulit untuk mengurangkan sakit tanpa menyebabkan kecederaan seterusnya.Terangkan jawapan anda.
[2 marks]
(d)
Table 7 shows the information and pH value of sulphuric acid and ethanoic acid.
Jadual 7 menunjukkan maklumat dan nilai pH bagi asid sulfurik dan asid etanoik.
Acid
Asid
1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid 1.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid
pH 1 5
Asid sulfuric 1.0 mol dm-3 Asid etanoik 1.0 mol dm-3
Table 7
Jadual 7
Based on information in Table 7, compare between sulphuric acid and ethanoic acid. Your comparison should refer to the following aspects: chemical formula, basicity, the ions formed when ionised in water, ionisation equation, degree of ionisation and the strength of both acids.
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 7, bandingkan antara asid sulfurik dan asid etanoik. Perbandingan anda hendaklah merujuk kepada aspekaspek berikut: Formula kimia, kebesan, ion-ion yang terbentuk apabila mengion dalam air, persamaan pengionan, darjah pengionan dan kekuatan untuk kedua-dua asid.
[10 marks]
Table 8 shows the data from Experiment I and Experiment II that were carried out to study the rate of reaction of zinc with two acids, hydrochloric acid and acid P.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan data daripada Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II yang dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink dengan dua asid, asid hidroklorik dan asid P.
Experiment
Product Reactants
Eksperime n
Bahan tindak balas
Hasil tindak balas

Zinc chloride and hydrogen gas
Observation
Pemerhatian
2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid,HCl 2.0 mol dm-3 I
The temperature of the mixture increases
2.6 g zink dengan 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik,HCl 2.0 mol dm-3
Zink klorida dan gas hidrogen

Zink ethanoate and hydrogen gas
Suhu campuran meningkat
2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm3 of acid P 2.0 mol dm-3 II
The temperature of the mixture increases
2.6 g zink dengan 50 cm3 asid P 2.0 mol dm3
Zink ethanoate dan gas hidrogen
Suhu campuran meningkat
Table 8
Jadual 8 (a) (i) State the name of acid P. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of this acid with zinc.
Namakan asid P. Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas asid ini dengan zink.
[3 marks] (ii) Catalyst is needed to increase the rate of reaction in Experiment I.
Draw an energy profile diagram for Experiment I. On the energy profile diagram, show the Activation energy without catalyst, Ea Activation energy with catalyst, Ea Explain the energy profile diagram.
Lukis satu gambar rajah profil tenaga untuk tindak balas dalam Eksperimen I. Pada gambar rajah profil tenaga itu tunjukkan: Tenaga pengaktifan tanpa mangkin,Ea. Tenaga pengaktifan dengan mangkin, Ea Terangkan gambar rajah profil tenaga itu.
[7 marks]
(b)
Another experiment is carried out to study the factors that affect the rate of the reaction. Diagram 8 shows a graph obtained from an experiment using magnesium ribbon that reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Eksperimen lain telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Rajah 8 menunjukkan graf yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen menggunakan pita magnesium yang bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik cair.
Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3
Isipadu gas hydrogen/cm3
2V
III
II
Time/s
Masa/s
Diagram 8 (i) If curve I represents the result from the experiment using excess magnesium ribbon reacting with 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, describe briefly an experiment to obtain the curve labelled II.
Jika lengkung I mewakili keputusan eksperimen menggunakan pita magnesium berlebihan yang bertindak balas dengan 50 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik, huraikan dengan ringkas suatu eksperimen untuk mendapatkan lengkung berlabel II.
[3 marks] (ii) State the reason for your suggested changes in (b)(i) and explain based on the collision theory.
Nyatakan sebab bagi cadangan perubahan dalam (b)(i) dan terangkan berdasarkan Teori Perlanggaran.
[ 6 marks] (iii) Suggest one factor that influence the rate of reaction to obtain curve III.
Cadangkan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas untuk mendapatkan lengkung III.
[1 mark]
Diagram 9 shows the atomic structure of four elements P, Q, R and S.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi empat unsur P, Q, R dan S.
Q
Diagram 9
Rajah 9
(a)
Based on Diagram 9, two types of compounds can be formed between two different atoms. Table 9 shows the information about the compounds
Berdasarkan Rajah 9, dua jenis sebatian boleh dihasilkan antara dua atom yang berlainan. Jadual 9 menunjukkan maklumat sebatian tersebut.
Type of compound
Jenis sebatian
2 different atoms
.......................................................... ......................... and
.......................................................... ......................... and
2 atom berlainan
Electron arrangement diagram
Gambar rajah susunan elektron
Melting point and boiling point
Takat lebur dan takat didih
High
Low
Table 9
Jadual 9
(i) Copy and complete your answer in Table 9.
Salin dan lengkapkan jawapan anda dalam Jadual 9.

[6 marks] (ii) Based on two atoms that you have chosen in Table 6, explain how the formation of ionic bonding and covalent bonding are different.
Berdasarkan dua atom yang anda pilih dalam Jadual 6, terangkan bagaimana pembentukan ikatan ionik dan ikatan kovalen berbeza.
[4 marks] (b) When going down Group I in the Periodic Table of Element, the reactivity of elements increases. Apabila menuruni Kumpulan I dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. kereaktifan unsur-unsur bertambah
Plan a laboratory experiment to verify the above statement.
Rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengesahkan pernyataan di atas.

[10 marks]
10
(a)
Diagram 10 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to investigate electron transfer in a redox reaction.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan elektron dalam satu tindak balas redoks.
G
Carbon electrode P Carbon electrode Q
Elektrod karbon P
Elektrod karbon Q
Solution X
Larutan X
Larutan kalium iodida
Dilute sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik cair
Diagram 10
Rajah 10
(i) Suggest one possible solution for X.
Cadangkan satu larutan yang mungkin bagi X. .
(ii)
Describe the redox reaction in term of the electron transfer at electrodes P and Q. Your answer should be based on the following aspects: The direction of the flow of electron Observation at electrode Q Half equations at electrodes P and Q Redox equation The type of processes that occurs at electrodes P and Q
Huraikan tindak balas redoks dari segi pemindahan elektron pada kedua-dua elektrod P dan Q. Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut: Arah pengaliran elektron Pemerhatian di elektrod Q Setengah persamaan pada elektrod P dan elektrod Q Persamaan redoks Jenis proses yang berlaku pada elektrod P dan Q
[10 marks]
(b)
The information shows the position of metal R, iron and metal S in the Electrochemical Series.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan kedudukan logam R, besi dan logam S dalam Siri Elektrokimia..
R Fe S Electropositivity of metal decreases
Keelektropositifan logam berkurang
By naming R and S, describe a laboratory experiment to study the effect of metal R and S on the rusting of iron.
Your answer should include: A labelled diagram Apparatus and materials Procedure Observation Conclusion
Dengan menamakan R dan S, huraikan suatu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji kesan logam R dan S pada pengaratan besi. Jawapan anda haruslah mengandungi: Gambar rajah berlabel Radas dan bahan Prosedur Pemerhatian Kesimpulan
[10 marks]
Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up for preparing soap.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyediakan sabun.
Substance Y Stir
Kacau Bahan Y
Mixture
Campuran
10 cm3 of palm oil Alkali X

Alkali X 10 cm minyak kelapa sawit
3
Heat
Panaskan
Step 1
Langkah 1
Step 2
Langkah 2
Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1 (a) Name the process.

Namakan proses itu.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b)
A student wants to prepare sodium palmitate soap. Name alkali X used in step 1
Seorang pelajar ingin menyediakan sabun kalium palmitat. Namakan alkali X yang digunakan dalam langkah 1.
....................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c)
(i)
Substance Y is added in the mixture in step 2. Name substance Y

Bahan Y dimasukkan kedalam campuran dalam langkah 2 Namakan bahan Y.
................. [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)
State why substance Y is added to the mixture.

Nyatakan mengapa bahan Y ditambah kepada campuran itu.
.. [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(d)
Diagram 1.2 shows the structure of the anion of a soap molecule.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan struktur anion molekul sabun.
O
||
CH3 (CH2)14 C O
Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2
(i)
Circle the hydrophilic part, in Diagram 1.2

Bulatkan bahagian hidrofilik, dalam Rajah 1.2.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)
Which part is soluble in grease?

Bahagian manakah boleh larut dalam gris?
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iii)
Clothes becomes clean and does not form scum when wash with soap. Mark () in the box in Table 1.3 to the correct type of water used.
Pakaian menjadi bersih dan tidak membentuk kekat apabila dicuci dengan sabun. Tandakan () dalam kotak dalam Jadual 1.3 untuk menunjukkan jenis air yang digunakan.
Hard water
Air liat
Soft water
Air lembut
Table 1.3
Jadual 1.3
[ 1 mark]
[1 markah
(e)
Table 1.4 shows the functions of two types of food additives Jadual 1.4 menunjukkan fungsi bagi dua jenis bahan tambah makanan.
Function
Fungsi
Type of Food Additives

Jenis Bahan Tambah Makanan
To prevent growth of microorganism.

Menghalang pertumbuhan mikroorganisma.
P: .
To prevent oxidation that causes rancid fats and brown food.

Menghalang pengoksidaan yang menyebabkan lemak tengik dan makanan berwarna perang.
Q: .
Table 1.4
Jadual 1.4
Complete the Table 1.4

Lengkapkan Jadual 1.4
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
2. (a) Diagram 2 shows the standard representation of two isotopes of chlorine atoms.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan perwakilan atom bagi dua isotop atom klorin.
35 17
(i)
Cl
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
37 17
Cl
Based on Diagram 2, state the meaning of isotope.

Berdasarkan Rajah 2, nyatakan maksud isotop. ........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii)
Determine the number of neutrons in

Tentukan bilangan neutron dalam
35 17
Cl :
37 17
Cl :.
[2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
(iii)
State one use of chlorine in our daily lives.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan klorin dalam kehidupan seharian.
. [1 mark]
[ 1 markah]
(b)
X is a substance that has melting point of 43oC and boiling point of 89oC.
X adalah satu bahan yang mempunyai takat lebur 43 C dan takat didih 89 C.
0 0
(i)
Sketch a graph of temperature against time when substance X is heated from 30 0C to 80 0C.
Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila bahan X dipanaskan daripada 30 C hingga 0 80 C.
0
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii)
Explain the arrangement of particles in substance X at :

Terangkan susunan zarah dalam bahan X pada :
30 0C : . . 80 0C : . [2 marks]
[2 markah]
Nitric acid is a strong acid and ethanoic acid is a weak acid. Table 3 shows the concentration of each acid solution.
Asid nitrik adalah asid kuat dan asid etanoik adalah asid lemah. Jadual 3 menunjukkan kepekatan setiap larutan asid..
Acid Asid
Concentration (mol dm-3)

Kepekatan (mol dm )
-3
Nitric acid solution

Larutan asid nitrik
0.10 0.10 Table 3

Jadual 3
Ethanoic acid solution Larutan asid etanoik
(a)
State the meaning of acid.

Nyatakan maksud asid.
....................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b)
Give a name of another strong acid.

Berikan satu nama asid kuat yang lain.
................................................................................................................................. ...... [1 mark]

[1 markah]
(c)
Nitric acid solution and ethanoic acid solution in Table 3 have different pH values.
Larutan asid nitrik dan larutan asid etanoik dalam Jadual 3 mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza.
(i)
Which solution gives a higher pH value?

Larutan yang manakah memberi nilai pH yang lebih tinggi?
....................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)
Give one reason for the answer in 3(c)(i).

Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di 3(c)(i).
....................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(d)
30 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution is poured in a conical flask. Then a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution are added. The solution is titrated with nitric acid solution in Table 3.
30 cm larutan kalium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm dimasukkan ke dalam kelalang kon. Kemudian beberapa titis larutan penunjuk fenolftalein ditambah. Larutan ini dititratkan dengan larutan asid nitrik dalam Jadual 3.
3 -3
(i)
State the type of reaction between potassium hydroxide solution and nitric acid solution.
Nyatakan jenis tindak balas antara larutan kalium hidroksida dengan larutan asid nitrik.
............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)
What is the colour change of the mixture at the end point?

Apakah perubahan warna campuran itu pada takat akhir?
............................................................................................................................ [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iii)
Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
............................................................................................................................ [2 marks]
[2 markah]
(iv)
Calculate the volume of the nitric acid used.

Hitung isipadu asid hidroklorik yang digunakan.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
A student carried out two experiments to investigate the effect of concentration of hydrochloric on the rate of reaction.. Table 4 shows the results of the experiments.
Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk menyiasat kesan kepekatan asid hidroklorik ke atas kadar sesuatu tindak balas. Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.
Experiment
Diagram
Time taken for all magnesium dissolve/s

Masa yang diambil untuk semua magnesium melarut/s
1.2 g magnesium ribbon

1.2 g pita magnesium
1g pita magnesium
I
30 Gas bubbles
Gelembung gas
Excess hydrochloric acid 1 mol dm-3

asid hidroklorik 1 mol dm berlebihan
-3
1.2 g magnesium ribbon

1.2 g pita magnesium
Gas bubbles II
Gelembong gas
60
Excess hydrochloric acid 0.5 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3 berlebihan
Table 4
Jadual 4
(a)
(i)
Name the gas released in the experiment

Namakan gas yang terbebas dalam eksperimen ini
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara magnesium dengan asid hidroklorik.
................... [2 marks]
[2 markah]
(iii)
Calculate the maximum volume of the gas released at room temperature in this experiment. [Relative atomic mass : Mg,24; Volume of 1 mole of gas at room temperature = 24 dm3 ]
Hitung isipadu maksimum gas yang terbebas pada suhu bilik dalam eksperimen ini. [Jisim atom relatif : Mg,24; 3 Isipadu 1mol gas pada suhu bilik = 24 dm ]
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(b)
Compare the rate of reaction between experiment I and experiment II.Explain.

Bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara eksperimen I dan eksperimen II. Terangkan . .
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c)
State two other factors that can affect the rate of reaction in this eksperiment.
Nyatakan dua faktor lain yang boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini. . .
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
5.
Diagram 5 shows two types of electrochemical cells.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua jenis sel elektrokimia.
Zinc Copper
Kuprum Zink
Copper (II) nitrate solution

Larutankuprum(II) nitrat
Copper
Kuprum
Cell A
SelA
Cell B Diagram 5
Rajah 5 SelB
(a)
State all the anion present in the copper(II) nitrate solution.

Nyatakan semua anion yang terdapat dalam larutan kuprum(II) nitrat.
....................................................... [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b)
(i)
Name the type of Cell A.

Namakan jenis Sel A.
..... [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)
State one use of Cell A in industry.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan Sel A di dalam industri.
........ [1mark]
[1 markah]
(c)
(i)
State the observation at the anode in Cell A.

Nyatakan pemerhatian pada anod dalam Sel A.
........ [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)
Based on the answer at (c)(i) write the half equation for the reaction occurs at anode in Cell A.
Berdasarkan jawapan pada(c)(i) tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di anode dalam Sel A.
. [1 mark]
[1 markah]
(d)
Name the product formed at the cathode if copper electrodes in Cell A are replaced by carbon electrodes.
Namakan hasil yang terbentuk di katod jika elektrod kuprum dalam Sel A diganti oleh elektrod karbon.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(e)
Based on Cell B,
Berdasarkan Sel B,
(i)
show the flow of electrons direction in Cell B.

tunjukkan arah pergerakan elektron dalam Sel B.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)
State the negative terminal and positive terminal.

Nyatakan terminal negatif dan terminal positif.
Negative terminal:
Terminal negatif :
.................................... Positive terminal: Terminal positif : ............... [2 marks] [2 markah]
(f)
State the colour change of copper(II) nitrate solution in Cell B. Explain your answer.
Nyatakan perubahan warna larutan kuprum(II) nitrate dalam Sel B. Terangkan jawapan anda.
....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

[2 markah]
6.
The following information is about compound C2 H4 .

Maklumat berikut adalah mengenai sebatian C2H4.

(a)
Gas at room temperature

Gas pada suhu bilik
Undergoes combustion
Menjalani pembakaran
Member of a homologous series

Ahli suatu siri homolog
What is the name of this compound?

Apakah nama bagi sebatian ini?
....................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
[1 mark]
(b)
State the general formula and the functional group for the homologous series of this compound.
Nyatakan formula am dan kumpulan berfungsi bagi siri homologous sebatian ini?
....................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
[2 mark]
(c)
Compound C2H4 burns in excess oxygen. Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
Sebatian C2H4 terbakar dalam oksigen berlebihan.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
....................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
[2 mark]
(d)
Ethanol undergoes dehydration to produce compound C2H4.

Etanol mengalami pendehidratan untuk menghasilkan sebatian C 2H4.
(i)
Name one dehydrating agent for this reaction.

Namakan satu agen pendehidartan bagi tindak balas ini.
............................................................................................................................ [1 mark]
[1 mark]
(ii)
Draw the apparatus set-up diagram for thedehydration reaction that can be used to collect compound C2H4.
Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas untuk tindak balas pendehidratan yang boleh digunakan untuk mengumpul sebatian C 2H4
[2 marks]
[2 mark]
(e)
Table 6 shows the results of a test to differentiate between compound C2H4

and ethane.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan ujian untuk membezakan antara sebatian C 2H4 dan etana.
Procedure
Prosedur
Observations
Pemerhatian
Compound C2H4 flow into bromine water Sebatian C2H4 dialirkan kedalam air bromin Ethane flow into bromine water
Etana dialirkan ke dalam air bromin
Brown colour is decolourised Warna perang dinyahwarnakan Brown colour remains

Warna perang tidak berubah
Table 6
Jadual 6
(i)
Explain why there is a difference in this observations.

Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian
............................................................................................................................ [1 mark]
[1 mark]
(ii)
Draw the structural formula of the compound formed when compound C2H4 is added into bromine water.
Lukis formula struktur bagi sebatian yang terbentuk apabila sebatian C 2H4 dialirkan ke dalam air bromin
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
Section B
Bahagian B
[20 marks]
[20 markah]
Answer any one question.

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan.
7 (a) Table 7.1 shows the electron arrangements of atoms W, X and Y. These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Jadual 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom W, X dan Y. Huruf-huruf ini bukanlah simbol sebenar bagi unsur-unsur tersebut.
Element unsur
Electron arrangement Susunan elektron
Table 7.1
Jadual 7.1
Based on the table, (i) State one element that is metal and one element that is non-metal.
Nyatakan satu unsur logam dan satu logam unsur bukan logam.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii)
State the position of element W in the Periodic table of Element. Explain your answer.
Nyatakan kedudukan unsur W dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(ii)
Compare the atomic size of element X and element Y. Explain your answer.
Bandingkan saiz atom unsur X dan unsur Y. Terangkan jawapan anda.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(b)
A,D and E are placed in Period 3 of the Periodic Table of Elements.The oxides of these elements show different properties when react with nitric acid and sodium hydroxide solution. Table 7.2 shows the properties of the oxides of the elements.
Unsur-unsur A, D dan E berada dalam Kala 3 Jadual Berkala Unsur.Oksida-oksida unsur tersebut menunjukkan sifat yang berbeza apabila bertindak balas dengan asid nitric dan larutan natrium hidroksida. Jadual 7.2 menunjukkan sifat-sifat oksida bagi unsur-unsur tersebut.
Oxide Oksida
Observation Pemerhatian Reaction with nitric acid Reaction with sodium hydroxide solution
Tindak balas dengan asid nitrik
Tindak balas dengan larutan natrium hidroksida
White solid dissolves to form colourless solution Oxide of Element A

Oksida unsur A Pepejal putih larut dan membentuk larutan tidak berwarna
No change .White solid does not dissolve.

Tiada perubahan.Pepejal putih tidak larut
White solid dissolves to form colourless solution. Oxide of Element D

Oksida unsur D Pepejal putih larut dan membentuk larutan tidak berwarna
White solid dissolves to form colourless solution

Pepejal putih larut dan membentuk larutan tidak berwarna
No change. White solid does not dissolve. Oxide of Element E

Oksida unsur E Tiada perubahan.Pepejal putih tidak larut
White solid dissolves to form colourless solution.

Pepejal putih larut dan membentuk larutan tidak berwarna
Table 7.2 Jadual 7.2
Based on table 7.2,

Berdasarkan Jadual 7.2,
(i)
State the acid-base properties of the oxide of A , oxide of D and oxide of E. Explain.
Nyatakan sifat-sifat asid-bes bagi oksida A, oksida D dan oksida E. Terangkan.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
(ii)
Suggest the name of element A, element D and element E.

Cadangkan nama bagi unsur A, unsur D dan unsur E.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(iii)
Write the chemical equation for the reaction between oxide of A and nitric acid
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara oksida A dan asid nitrik.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
8.
Table 8 shows thermochemical equations of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.

Jadual 8 menunjukkan persamaan termikimia bagi Eksperimen 1 dan Eksperimen 2.
Experiment
Eksperimen
Thermochemical Equation
Persamaan Termokimia
NaOH
HCl
NaCl +
H2O
H = -57.3 kJmol-1
NaOH + CH3COOH CH3COONa + H2O

Table 8
Jadual 8
H = -51.5 kJmol-1
(a)
Based on Table 8,
Berdasarkan Jadual 8,
(i)
state the type of reaction.

nyatakan jenis tindak balas
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)
state the differences between the total energy content of the reactants and the total energy content of products.
nyatakan perbezaan di antara kandungan tenaga bahan tindak balas dan kandungan tenaga hasil tindak balas.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iii)
Explain the difference of the heat of neutralization for the reactions above.
Jelaskan perbezaan haba peneutralan bagi tindak balas tindak balas di atas.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
(b)
In Experiment 1, 50 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is reacted with 50 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 of hydrochloric acid solution.
Di dalam Eksperimen 1, 50 cm larutan natrium hidroksida, 1.0 moldm ditindak balaskan dengan 3 -3 50 cm larutan asid hidroklorik, 1.0 moldm .
3 -3
(i)
Calculate the heat released in the reaction.

Kirakan haba yang terbebas dari tindak balas.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(ii)
What is the temperature change of the reaction mixture? [Specific heat capacity = 4.2 J g-1 0C-1, density of solution = 1 g cm-3]
Berapakah perubahan suhu campuran tindak balas? -1 0 -1 -3 [Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g C , ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm ]
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(iii)
The heat of neutralisation obtained in laboratory is less than theoretical value. Explain.
Nilai haba peneutralan yang diperolehi di makmal adalah lebih rendah daripada nilai teori. Jelaskan.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c)
Diagram 8.2 shows two energy level diagrams of different reactions.

Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan dua gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas berlainan.
Energy
Tenaga
Energy
Tenaga
Reactant
Bahan tindak balas
Product
Hasil tindak balas
H = - x kJmol-1 H = + y kJmol-1 Product

Hasil tindak balas
Reactant
Bahan tindak balas
Energy level diagram A

Gambar rajah aras tenaga A
Energy level diagram B

Gambar rajah aras tenaga B
Diagram 8.2
Rajah 8.2
Based on Diagram 8.2, compare the energy level diagram A and energy level diagram B.
Berdasarkan Rajah 8.2, bandingkan gambar rajah aras tenaga A dan gambar rajah aras tenaga B.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]
Section C
Bahagian C
[20 marks]
[20 markah]
Answer any one question.

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan.
9 (a) Diagram 9 shows one of the stages involved in the Contact Process.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan salah satu peringkat dalam Proses Sentuh.
S Oxygen
oksigen
SO2
Diagram 9
Rajah 9
(i)
Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas tersebut.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) Sulphur dioxide is the waste product from the Contact Process which affects the quality of the environment.
Sulfur dioksida adalah bahan buangan daripada Proses Sentuh yang menjejaskan kualiti alam sekitar.
As a chemist, how do you advice the manager of the factory to reduce the release of sulphur dioxide gas. Explain.
Sebagai seorang ahli kimia, bagaimana anda menasihati pengurus kilang tersebut supaya pembebasan gas sulfur diksida dikurangkan. Terangkan.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b)
Table 9 shows three different manufactured substances in industry X, Y, and Z, and their uses.
Jadual 9 menunjukkan tiga bahan buatan industri X, Y, dan Z, yang berbeza dan kegunaanya.
Manufactured substance in industry

Bahan buatan industri
Use
Kegunaan
X Y Z
To make internal wall of furnace

Untuk membuat lapisan dalam dinding relau
To make musical instruments

Umtuk membuat alat muzik
To make helmets and water storage tanks

Untuk membuat topi keledar dan tangki penyimpanan air
Table 9
Jadual 9
Based on Table 9, state the name of X, Y and Z. State the specific properties of each of the substances to support your answers.
Berdasarkan Jadual 9, nyatakan nama bagi X, Y dan Z. Berikan sifat khusus bagi setiap bahan tersebut untuk menyokong jawapan anda.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
(c)
The following information shows two properties of alloy. Maklumat berikut menunjukkan dua sifat aloi.
Alloy is harder than its pure metal

Aloi lebih keras daripada logam tulennya
Alloy is more corrosive resistant than its pure metal

Aloi lebih tahan kakisan daripada logam tulennya
By choosing one of the properties of the alloy stated above, describe a laboratory experiment to compare alloy with its pure metal. Your answer should include the following: Name of the alloy and its pure metal Materials and apparatus Procedure of the experiment Observation Conclusion
Dengan memilih satu daripada sifat aloi yang dinyatakan diatas, huraikan satu eksperimen makmal untuk membandingkan aloi dengan logam tulennya. Jawapan anda perlu mengandungi perkara berikut: Nama aloi dan logam tulennya Bahan dan radas Kaedah eksperimen Pemerhatian kesimpulan .
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
10 (a)
50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid reacts with excess copper(II) oxide to produce copper(II) sulphate and water..
50 cm asid sulfurik 0.2 mol dm bertindak balas dengan kuprum(II) oksida yang berlebihan menghasilkan kuprum(II) sulfat dan air.
3 -3
(i) (ii)
Write the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.
Calculate the mass of copper(II) sulphate that is produced

Hitungkan jisim kuprum(II) sulfat yang terhasil.
[ Molar mass of copper(II) sulphate = 160 g mol-1 ]

[ Jisim molar kuprum(II) sulfat = 160 g mol
-1
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(b)
The following are two examples of chloride salts that can be prepared in the laboratory.
Berikut adalah dua contoh garam klorida yang boleh disediakan di dalam makmal.
Potassium Chloride, KCl

Kalium klorida, KCl
Silver chloride, AgCl

Argentum klorida, AgCl
Compare these two salts. Your comparison should include the following aspects: the solubility of each salt in water.
the name of the chemical reaction for the preparation of each salt. the reactants for the preparation of each salt. the chemical equation for preparation of each salt.
Banding dua garam ini. Perbandingan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut: - keterlarutan setiap garam di dalam air. - nama tindak balas kimia untuk penyediaan setiap garam. - bahan tindak balas untuk penyediaan setiap garam. - persamaan kimia untuk penyediaan setiap garam.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
(c)
Barium sulphate is insoluble in water. Describe the preparation of barium sulphate in the laboratory. In your description, include reactants procedure chemical equations involved
Barium sulfat adalah tak larut dalam air. Huraikan penyediaan barium sulfat dalam makmal. Dalam huraian anda, sertakan
bahan tindak balas prosedur persamaan kimia yang terlibat
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
1. Diagram 1 shows the symbol of carbon-12 and carbon-14.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol bagi karbon-12 dan carbon-14.
12
14
C
6 6
Carbon-12
Karbon-12
Carbon-14
karbon-14
Carbon-14 is the isotop of carbon-12.

Karbon-14 adalah isotop bagi carbon-12.
(a) What is meant of isotop?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?
...................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]
(b) State the number of neutron of carbon-14.

Nyatakan bilangan neutron karbon-14. ..................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]
(c) Draw the electron arrangement of carbon-12.In your diagram, show the location of electron, proton and neutron.
Lukis susunan elektron bagi karbon-12.Di dalam rajah anda, tunjukkan kedudukan elektron, proton dan neutron.
[ 3 marks]
(d) State one use of carbon-14 in agriculture.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan karbon-14 dalam bidang pertanian. ...................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]
(e) Table 1 shows the physical properties of substance P, Q and R.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan sifat fizik untuk bahan P,Q dan R.
Substance Bahan
Melting point(0C)
Takat lebur(0C)
Boiling point(0C)
Takat didih (0C)
Electrical conductivity Kekonduksian elektrik Solid Molten

pepejal Leburan
P Q R
660 -115 801
2519 78 1413
Can
boleh
Can
boleh
Cannot
Tidak boleh
Cannot
Tidak boleh
Cannot
Tidak boleh
Can
boleh
Table 1 Based on table 1,

Berdasarkan Jadual 1,
(i)
State the type of particles in substance R.

Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam bahan R. .............................................................................................................................................. [ 1mark]
(ii)
What is the state of particles of Q at room temperature?

Apakah keadaan zarah bahan Q pada suhu bilik? ............................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]
(iii)
Draw the particles arrangement of substance P at 500 0C.

Lukis susunan zarah-zarah bagi bahan P pada 500 0C.
[ 1 mark]
2. (a) Table 2.1 shows the degree of ionisation and the colour of phenolphthalein in the solution P, Q and R. Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan darjah penceraian dan warna larutan fenolftalein dalam larutan P, Q dan R. Colour of phenolphthalein in the solution Warna fenolftalein dalam larutan itu Colourless Tanpa warna Colourless Tanpa warna Pink Merah jambu
Solution Larutan P Q R
Degree of ionisation Darjah penceraian Ionises completely Mengion lengkap Ionises partially Mengion separa Ionises completely Mengion lengkap
Table / Jadual 2.1 (i) Which solution has the lowest pH value? Larutan manakah yang mempunyai nilai pH paling rendah? .. [1 mark] (ii) Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i). Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (a) (i). .. [1 mark] (iii) Solution P, Q and R might be acid or alkali. Classify the solutions into acid or alkali. Larutan P, Q dan R mungkin asid atau alkali. Kelaskan larutan itu kepada asid atau alkali. Acid / asid : .. Alkali / alkali : [2 marks]
(b)
Diagram 2.2 shows the observations in test tube I and test tube II when hydrogen chloride in tetrachloromethane and hydrogen chloride in solvent X are reacted with zinc. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian dalam tabung uji I dan tabung uji II apabila hidrogen klorida dalam tetraklorometana dan hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut X bertindak balas dengan zink. Test tube I II
Zinc Zink Apparatus set-up Susunan radas Hydrogen chloride in tetrachloromethane Hidrogen klorida dalam tetraklorometana Observation No change
Zinc Zink
Hydrogen chloride in solvent X Hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut X Bubbles of gas are produced
(i)
Diagram / Rajah 2.2 State the name of solvent X. Nyatakan nama pelarut X. .. [1 mark]
(ii)
Explain the differences in observation in test tube I and II. Terangkan perbezaan pemerhatian dalam tabung uji I dan II. .. .. .. [2 marks]
(c)
Vinegar consists of an ethanoic acid. Describe briefly a chemical test to verify the acid without using an indicator. Cuka mengandungi asid etanoik. Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti asid tanpa menggunakan penunjuk. ...
... ... [2 marks]
3. Diagram 3 shows the arrangement of atoms of steel and bronze where steel and bronze are two examples of alloy. Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan atom bagi keluli dan gangsa dimana keluli dan gansa adalah dua contoh aloi.
Iron atom X atom
Copper atom Y atom
(a) State the meaning of alloy. Nyatakan maksud aloi. ................................................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark] (b) State the name of element for: Nyatakan nama unsur bagi: (i) (ii) X:................................................................................................................................ Y:................................................................................................................................ [ 2 marks]
(c) State one use of Nyatakan satu kegunaan Steel:....................................................................................................................................... Keluli: Bronze:................................................................................................................................... Gangsa: [ 2 marks]
(d) Bronze is harder than pure copper.Explain in terms of atoms arrangement. Gangsa lebih keras berbanding kuprum tulen.Terangkan dari segi susunan atom. ............................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks] (e)Table 3 shows two different type of composite materials, X and Y and their uses. Jadual 3 menunjukkan dua jenis bahan komposit yang berbeza, X dan Y serta kegunaannya. Composite materials
Bahan komposit
Component
Komposisi
Uses
Kegunaan
Produced from molten silica mixed with silver chloride

Terhasil daripada campuran leburan silika dengan argentum klorida
Making optical lenses, windshields of certains vehicals

Membuat kanta optik,
Made of plastic and glass fiber

Diperbuat daripada plastik dan gentian kaca
Helmets, body of cars and aeroplane

Topi kaledar,badan kereta dan kapal terbang
Table 3 Jadual 3 Based on Table 3, Berdasarkan Jadual 3, (i) state the name of X nyatakan nama bagi X .................................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark]
(ii)
give the spesific properties of substance Y according to its uses. Berikan sifat khas bagi bahan Y berdasarkan kegunaannya.
.................................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark]
4. Table 4 shows the observation at anode and cathode when 1.0 mol dm-3 XY solution is electrolysed using carbon electrodes. Jadual 4 menunjukkan pemerhatian pada anod dan katod apabila 1.0 mol dm-3 larutan XY di elektrolisiskan dengan menggunakan elektrod karbon. Electrode
Elektrod
Observation
Pemerhatian
Cathode
A colouless gas is produced and gives a pop sound when tested with lighted wooden splinter Gas yang tidak berwarna terhasil dan memberikan bunyi pop apabila diuji dengan kayu uji menyala. The colouless solution around the electrode turns brown. The solution turns blue when tested with starch solution. Larutan yang tidak berwarna di sekeliling elektod bertukar menjadi perang. Larutan bertukar biru apabila diuji dengan larutan kanji. Table 4.1
Anode
Based on table 4.1, Berdasarkan Jadual 4.1, (a) Suggest a name for XY solution. Cadangkan nama untuk larutan XY. ................................................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark] (b) Based on your answer in (a), Berdasarkan jawapan anda di dalam (a), (i) write a half-equation for the reaction at the anode. Tulis setengah persamaan untuk tindak balas yang berlaku di anod. .................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]
(ii)
State the type of reaction at cathode. Explain in terms of change in oxidation number. Nyatakan jenis tindak balas di katod. Terangkan dari segi perubahan nombor pengoksidaan .................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks] (c) Electrolysis is a redox reaction.Explain. Elektrolisis adalah tindak balas redok.Terangkan. ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ [ 2 marks] (d) The experiment is repeated by using 0.0001 mol dm-3 XY solution. State the name of product at anode. Eksperimen di ulang dengan menggunakan 0.0001 mol dm-3 larutan XY. Nyatakan nama hasil tindak balas di anod. ................................................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark] Table 4.2 shows a list of apparatus and materials. Jadual 4.2 menunjukkan senarai radas dan bahan. Appratus and materials
Radas dan bahan-bahan
U-tube Tiub - U Carbon electrodes Elektrod karbon Connecting wires Wayar penyambung Cork Gabus Galvanometer Galvanometer Bromine water Air Bromin Iron(II) sulphate solution Larutan Ferum(II) sulfat
Draw one labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up to investigate electron transfer at a distance. The diagram must include the apparauts and materials given in the table. Mark in the diagram the positive and negative terminals of the cell.
Lukis satu rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada suatu jarak. Rajah itu hendaklah menggunakan radas dan bahan yang diberi dalam Jadual 4.2. Tandakan terminal positif dan negatif bagi sel pada rajah itu.
[ 3 marks]
5. Diagram 5.1 shows the apparatus set up to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between 2.0 g of calcium carbonate with 50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid at 30 0C. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kadar tindak balas antara 2.0 g kalsium karbonat dengan 50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik pada 30 0C.
Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1
The graph of mass of calcium carbonate against time is obtained as in Diagram 5.2. Graf jisim kalsium karbonat melawan masa diperolehi seperti dalam Rajah 5.2 Mass of calcium carbonate(g) Jisim kalsium karbonat(g)
2.0-
1.6 Time ( s) Masa(s)
Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
(a) Based on Diagram 5.1 and graph 5.2, (i)state the meaning of rate of reaction. Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1 dan graf 5.2, (i)nyatakan maksud kadar tindak balas. .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. [ 1mark]
(ii)What is the function of cotton wool?

Apakah fungsi kapas?
.......................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark] (iii) If the experiment is repeated by heating the acid at 40 0C, sketch the graph obtained on the diagram 5.2.(mark the graph as Experiment 2)
Jika eksperimen di ulangi dengan memanaskan asid pada 40 0C, lakar graf yang diperolehi di atas Rajah 5.2 (tanda pada graf sebagai Ekpserimen 2)
[ 1 mark] (iv) From the graph, what is the mass of calcium carbonate that is unreacted with the acid.
Daripada graf, apakah jisim kalsium karbonat yang tidak bertindak balas dengan asid.
...................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark] (b) In another experiment,a student carried out two experiments to investigate the factor that affect the rate of reaction . The time taken to collect 60 cm3 of hydrogen gas is recorded in Table 5.1
Dalam suatu eksperimen yang lain, seorang pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpul 60 cm3 gas hidrogen direkodkan dalam Jadual 5.1.
Set
Reactants
Bahan tindak balas
Temperature(0C)
Suhu( 0C)
Time taken to collect 60 cm3 of hydrogen gas(s)

Masa di ambil untuk mengumpul 60 cm3 gas hidrogen(cm3)
II
25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid + Excess zinc powder 25 cm3 of 0.4 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid + Excess zinc powder Table 5.1
Jadual 5.
55 30
30
30
Based on Table 5.1 , (i)Write an ionic equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Berdasarkan Jadual 5.1, (i)Tulis persamaan ion untuk tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik.
........................................................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark]
(ii)Compare the rate of reaction between set I and set II.

Banding kadar tindak balas antara set I dan set II.
.......................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark] (iii)By reffering to collision theory, explain your answer.

Dengan merujuk pada teori Perlanggaran, terangkan jawapan anda.
........................................................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... [ 4 marks] (iv) Diagram 5 shows the curve of the graph obtained of experiment I.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan lengkung graf yang diperolehi untuk Eksperimen 1.
Volume of hydrogen 3 gas/cm 3 Isipadu gas hidrogen/cm Key Kunci :
Experiment I: Eksperimen I Experiment II: Eksperimen II
Experiment 1
Time/s Masa/s
Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
Sketch the curve of the graph obtained of Experiment II on the diagram above.
Lakar lengkung graf yang akan diperolehi untuk Eksperimen II pada Rajah di atas.
[ 1 mark]
6. Diagram 6.1 shows the results of two different experiments for the heat of precipitation of lead(II) sulphate.The heat of precipitation, H of lead (II) sulphate is 50.4 kJ mol -1.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan keputusan untuk dua eksperimen yang berbeza untuk haba pemendakan plumbum(II) sulfat. Haba Pemendakan , H Plumbum (II) sulfat adalah 50.4 kj mol -1. Exp Before reaction Sebelum tindak balas 0 Average initial temperature= 28 C I
50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution
After reaction
Selepas tindak balas
Highest temperature of the mixture=T1 C 0 Suhu tertinggi campuran= T1 C
0
50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution
Polystyrene cup Cawan Polistirena
II
Average initial temperature= 28 C 0 Purata suhu awal =28 C
Highest temperature of the mixture=T2 C 0 Suhu tertinggi campuran= T2 C
100 cm3 2.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution
100 cm3 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution Polystyrene cup Cawan Polistirena
Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1
(a) State the meaning of heat of precipitation. Nyatakan maksud haba pemendakan. ...............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark] (b)(i) Based on Experiment 1, Berdasarkan Eksperimen 1, Calculate the heat energy released in this experiment. Hitung haba yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen ini.
[ 2 marks]
(i)
highest temperature of the mixture in Experiment I suhu tertinggi campuran dalam Eksperimen 1. [ Spesific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 0C-1 ]
[ 3 marks]
(ii)
State two observation that can be obtained from the reaction in Diagram 6.1 Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang boleh diperolehi dari tindak balas di dalam Rajah 6.1
.......................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks] (b) (i) Based on Experiment II, predict the value of T2 0C Berdasarkan Eksperimen II, ramalkan nilai T2 0C.
...................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer. Terangkan jawapan anda. .............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks]
Section B Bahagaian B Answer any one question Jawab mana-mana satu soalan [ 20 marks] 7. Diagram 7.1 shows the electrons arrangement in compound XY2. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron dalam sebatian XY2 . _ +2 _
(a) Based on diagram 7.1, state (i) the type of bond formed (ii) the electron arrangement of atom X and atom Y. (iii) the position of atom X in the Periodic Table of Element.Explain. (a)Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, nyatakan (i)Jenis ikatan yang terbentuk (ii)Susunan elektron bagi atom X dan atom Y. (iii)Kedudukan atom X di dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Terangkan. [7 marks] (b) Atom Y can form another compound with atom Z. (i) Write the formula of the compound formed (ii) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound and explain how the compound is formed. [ Proton number of atom Z=6] (b)Atom Y boleh membentuk sebatian yang lain dengan atom Z. (i) Tulis formula sebatian yang terbentuk. (ii) Lukis susunan elektron untuk sebatian yang terbentuk dan ternagkan bagaimana sebatian yang terbentuk. [ nombor proton bagi atom Z = 6] [ 7 marks] (c ) The compound formed in diagram 7.1 and the compound formed in (b) have different physical properties.Explain the differences between the two compounds based on of : (i) Melting point (ii) Electrical conductivity
(c) Sebatian yang terbentuk dalam Rajah 7.1 dan sebatian yang tebentuk dalam (b) mempunyai sifat fizik yang berbeza.Terangkan perbezaan antara kedua-dua sebatianb berdasarkan: (i)Takar didih (ii)Kekonduksian elektrik [ 6 marks] 8.
(a) Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare a soap by using a namely oil and alkali. State how to verify the product formed is soap.
Terangkan eksperimen makmal untuk menyediakan sabun dengan menggunakan minyak dan alkali yang dinamakan. Nyatakan bagai mana anda mengesahkan hasil yang terbentuk itu adalah sabun.
[10 marks] (b) Table 8 shows the observations for two experiments to investigate cleansing effect of cleaning agent A and B on oily stain in hard water.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan pencucian agen pencuci A dan B ke atas kotoran berminyak dalam air liat.
Experiment
Eksperimen
Observation
Pemerhatian
I: Structural formula of cleaning agent A: CH3(CH2)16COO Cleaning agent A + hard water

Agen pencuci A + air liat
Oily stains remained

Kotoran berminyak kekal
Pakaian
Cloth Oily stains Kotoran berminyak
II: Structural formula of cleaning agent B: CH3(CH2)11 OSO3 Cleaning agent B + hard water Pakaian
Cloth Oily stains Kotoran berminyak Agen pencuci B + air liat
Oily stains disappeared

Kotoran berminyak hilang
Table 8
Jadual 8
Based on Table 8, (i) state the type of cleaning agent A and cleaning agent B. (ii) Compare and contrast the cleaning action of the two cleaning agents in hard water. Explain your answer .
Berdasarkan Jadual 8, (i) nyatakan jenis agen pencuci A dan agen pencuci B. (ii) banding dan bezakan tindakan pencucian bagi kedua-dua agen pencuci itu dalam air liat. Terangkan jawapan anda .
[6 marks] (iii) compare another observation that can be obtained in experiment I and II . bandingkan pemerhatian lain yang dapat di perolehi dalam Eksperimen 1 dan II. [2 marks] (c) A patient is suffering from tuberculosis for a period of time. Suggest : (i) a type of medicine that should be taken an (ii) the prescription should be followed by the patient.
Seorang pesakit mengalami batuk kering dalam suatu tempoh masa yang lama. Cadangkan : (i) jenis ubat yang patut digunakan dan (ii) aturan yang perlu dipatuhi oleh pesakit itu.
[2 marks]
Section C Answer any one question Jawab mana-mana satu soalan [ 20 marks]
9. Diagram 9.1 shows the set up apparatus to differentiate between hydrocarbon P and Q.
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk membezakan antara hidrokarbon P dan Q.
Diagram 9.1
Rajah 9.1
The observation is obtained when both hydrocarbon are tested with acidified potassium mangganate (VII) solution.
Pemerhatian di perolehi apabila kedua-dua hidrokarbon di uji dengan larutan kalium mangaanate(VII) berasid.
Type of hydrocarbon
Jenis hidrokarbon
Observation
Pemerhatian
The purple colour decolourises

Warna ungu dinyahwarnakan
The purple colour remain unchange

Warna ungu tidak berubah
Table 9
Jadual 9
Based on table 9 and diagram 9.1, Berdasrkan Jadual 9 dan Rajah 9.1, (i) Suggest a suitable name for hydrocarbon P and Q.
Cadangkan nama yang sesuai untuk hidrokarbon P dan Q.
[ 2 marks]
(ii)
Explain why the observation is difference.

Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian.
[2 marks] (b)Another experiment was carried out to compare the sootiness between hydrocarbon X and hydrocarbon Y. Diagram 9.2 shows the burning of both hydrocarbon in air.
Satu eksperimen lain telah dijalankan untuk membandingkan kejelagaan antara hidrokarbon X dan hidrokarbon Y. Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan pembakaran kedua-dua hydrocarbon dalam udara. Soot
Jelaga
Filter paper
Kertas turas
Porcelain dish
Mangkuk pijar
Hydrocarbon X
Hidrokarbon X
Hydrocarbon Y
Hidrocarbon Y
Diagram 9.2
Rajah 9.2
Based on diagram 9.2, Berdasarkan rajah 9.2, (b) (i) Suggest a suitable name for hydrocarbon X and Y. Cadangkan nama yang sesuai untuk hidrokarbon X dan Y. [ 2 marks] (ii)Compare the sootiness of hydrocarbon X and Y. Explain. Bandingkan kejelagaan bagi hidrokarbon X dan Y. Terangkan. [Relative atomic mass: C=12,H=1]
[ 4 marks]
(c) Methanol and Butanol are in the same homologous series of carbon compound. Compare and contrast both compound in terms of : (i) molecular formula (ii) general formula (iii) solubility in water (iv) melting point and boiling point.Explain (v) State the name of the product and the observation formed when both compounds react with acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution (vi) State the name of the product and write the chemical equation involve when both compounds undergoes dehydration reaction.
(c)Metanol dan butanol adalah berada dalam siri homolog yang sama dalam sebatian karbon. Banding dan bezakan kedua-dua sebatian dalam sebutan: (i)formula molekul (ii)formula am (iii)keterlarutan dalam air (iv)takat lebur dan takat didih. Terangkan. (v)Nyatakan nama hasil tindak balas dan pemerhatian terbentuk apabila kedua-dua bahan bertindak balas dengan larutan kalium dikromat(VI) berasid. (vi)Nyatakan nama hasil tindak balas dan tulis persamaan kimia yang terlibat apabila keduadua bahan mengalami tindak balas pendehidratan. [ 10 marks]
10. Diagram 10 shows the reaction scheme of zinc . Rajah 10 menunjukkan skema tindak balas untuk zink. Reaction I Zinc + Sulphuric acid Solution X + Gas Y
Metal P +
Reaction II
Crystallisation
Solution X larutan X
Solid X Heating Reaction III Z + sulphur trioxide
(a) Zinc react with sulphuric acid to produce salt X solution and produce gas Y. (i) Based on diagram 10, identify salt X solution and gas Y. Describe briefly chemical test to verify the cation and anion in X solution.
Zink bertindak balas dengan asid sulfurik untuk menghasilkan larutan garam X dan gasY. (i)Berdasarkan rajah 10, kenal pasti larutan garam X dan gas Y. Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan kation dan anion dalam larutan X.
[ 6 marks]
(b) In an experiment, excess zinc powder is added to 150 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid. Write the chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the volume of gas Y produced at room conditions. [1 mol of any gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions] Dalam satu eksperimen, serbuk zink berlebihan ditambah ke dalam 150 cm3 0.2 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi padu gas Y yang terhasilpada keadaan bilik. [1 mol sebarang gas menempti 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik] [ 6 marks] (c) In reaction II, zinc metal is formed when solution X is react with metal P. Suggest one suitable metal for P. State the name of the reaction. State the observation and include an ionic equation in your answer. Dalam tindak balas II, logam zink terbentuk apabila larutan X bertindak balas dengan logam P. Cadangkan satu nama ynag sesuai untuk logam P. Nyatakan pemerhatian dan sertakan persamaan ion dalam jawapan anda. [4 marks] (d) Based on diagram 10, compare the observation in reaction I and reaction III. Berdasarkan Rajah 10, bandingkan pemerhatian dalam tindak balas I dan tindak balas III. [ 4 marks]

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3

Greenish yellow gas Gas berwarna kuning kehijauan

Carbon electrode Y Karbon elektrod Y

Observation Gas bubbles are released at the anode.

Gas bubbles are released at the anode.

Process II Process II Substance R Bahan R

Substance S and gas T Bahan S dan gas T

You are required to prepare a voltaic cell. Chemicals supplied are

Magnesium sulphate solution Copper (II) sulphate solution

Magnesium stripe Copper

(b) Compare and

(c) the the ester. involved.

Blue solution turns colourless. Brown deposit is produced.

Lead (II) nitrate solution

Yellow precipitate is formed.

Potassium iodide solution

(a) The following are the equations of two reactions:

Iron (II) sulphate

[6 marks] (c) carbon

Carbon + oxide of metal P

A flame spreads to the whole mixture. A brown residue is formed.

campuran. Baki berwarna perang terbentuk.

Carbon + oxide of metal Q II

Carbon + oxide of metal R

A glow spreads to the whole mixture. A grey residue is formed.

Porcelain Chips Serpihan porselin Heat Panas

Write the molecular formula of butane.

Bromine water is added to butene.

Brown colour is decolourised.

Bromine water is added to butane.

Brown colour remains.

Based on Table 6, explain why there is a difference in these observation.

.......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

Compare the sootiness of hexane and hexene. Explain.

C4H10 . Table 4 Jadual 4

1 Diagram 1 shows the symbols of atom for element P, Q ,R and S.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol- simbol atom bagi unsur P, Q, R dan S.

O CH2 OH R1 C O + alkali X CH OH + R2 C O R3 CH2 OH

What is alkali X ? Apakah alkali X ? .. [ 1 mark ]

Cleansing agent X: Agen pembersih X : CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COONa

Cleansing agent Y: Agen pembersih Y : CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COSO3Na

Carbon electrode X Elektrod karbon X

Iron (II) sulphate Ferum (II) sulfat

Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution + Phenolphthalein

Iron(II) sulphate solution

Iron nail coiled with zinc

Based on test tube A,

Name the reaction occurred.

Based on test tube B,

State the observation involved.

Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat.

Table 10.1 shows the electron arrangement of compound X and Y.

Based on Table 10.1, determine the types of compound X and Y.

2.4 2.6 2.8.1 2.8.2

Jadual 10 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu sel ringkas.

Heat of Combustion / Haba Pembakaran kJ mol-1 - 715 - 1376 - 2017 - 2675 m

40.00% 6.66% 53.33%

Method II Kaedah II Metal oxide / Oksida logam

Hydrochloric Acid Asid hidroklorik A

Concentration of hydrochloric acid Kepekatan asid hidroklorik /mol dm-3 0.001

Alkali Alkali Sodium hydroxide solution Larutan natrium hidroksida

Concentration /mol dm-3 Kepekatan /mol dm-3 0.1

Ammonia solution Larutan ammonia