Net Ubuntu

PXE Network Booting on Ubuntu Linux
How to use PXE network boot to install workstations automatically. This article is
a work in progress. Copyright 2006-2008 Tero Karvinen
Make DHCP work.
Add PXE configuration to dhcpd.conf:
next-server 172.28.1.103;
filename "pxelinux.0";
(Corrected: server-name ? next-server)
Install TFTP server. Also install client for testing. Trivial file transfer
protocol is not related to FTP.
$ sudo apt-get install tftpd-hpa tftp-hpa
Configure TFTP server. Notice nice path for TFTPd root (don�t use
�/tftpsomething�). In RUN_DAEMON, �yes� must be small caps.
$ sudo nano /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
# /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
RUN_DAEMON="yes"
OPTIONS="-l -s /home/pxetero/"
Add a user for TFTP service:
$ sudo adduser pxetero
Allow your normal user to modify /home/pxetero/. Ues your own username and group
instead of tkarvine.
$ whoami
tkarvine
$ sudo chown pxetero.tkarvine /home/pxetero/
$ sudo chmod g+rwx /home/pxetero
Now you can modify files in TFTPd root dir (/home/pxetero/) without using sudo.
Download netboot files to /home/pxetero. (mirror of netboot files):
$ cd /home/pxetero
$ wget -np -r http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/breezy/main/installer-
i386/current/images/netboot/
$ mv archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/breezy/main/installer-
i386/current/images/netboot/* .
$ rm -rf archive.ubuntu.com/
Kernel �linux� and initial RAM disk image �initrd.gz� must match the version of
your distribution. Change version nickname (breezy, dapper, feisty, gutsy) in the
url accordingly. For example, 7.04 Feisty�s kernel and initrd are
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/feisty/main/installer-
i386/current/images/netboot/ubuntu-installer/i386/initrd.gz and
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/feisty/main/installer-
i386/current/images/netboot/ubuntu-installer/i386/linux
Start TFTP server and test it
$ sudo /etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa start

$ cd
$ tftp localhost -c get pxelinux.0
$ ls pxeli*
pxelinux.0
Now that it works (pxelinux.0 was downloaded successfully), start DHCP server:
$ sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server start
Boot your target workstation (the one whose MAC number is in dhcpd.conf). The
installer should start automatically.
If that worked, it is time to enable kickstart:
$ nano /home/pxetero/pxelinux.cfg/default
Under �label linux�, in the end of �append� row, add your kickstart like
ks=http://www.example.com/ks.cfg
Change timeout to non-zero value
timeout 100
Now that you boot your workstation from network, kickstart should work and
workstation should install automatically.
You can even automate waking up the computer from shutdown state. Enable
�universe�, and install �wakeonlan� or �etherwake�.
Try booting the client computer (either manually choosing network boot or by magic
packet). If the installer starts and asks for language, congratulations, your
setup works!
What Next?
In Helia labs, boot with magic packet usually works once, and the it does not work
for a long while. Probably related to switch settings.
It works, now what? - Collect IP numbers from switch - Make your own mirror of all
ubuntu packages (use wget -r -X to download) - Test the whole package: magic
packet, pxe, kickstart
Appendix: Modified dhcpd.conf for PXE
# dhcpd.conf for Helia labs

# Copyright 2006 Tero Karvinen http://www.iki.fi/karvinen
# License: GNU General Public License, version 2 or later
# ChangeLog:
# 2006-03-27 Initial version, testing in Helia labs
# Don't set "authoritative" until everything else is correct in dhcpd.conf

authoritative; # Warning: this overrides other DHCP servers
# Default options in Ubuntu:
ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;
# Subnet row defines server's network card. Also set in "/etc/default/dhcp3-
server"
# 'ifconfig' shows subnet (ipaddress, zeroes as in mask)
subnet 172.28.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {
host terotestaa {
# 'ping target_host', 'arp' shows MAC address
# only give DHCP information to this computer:
hardware ethernet 00:0D:F0:1C:22:33;
# Basic DHCP info (see 'ifconfig', 'route', 'cat
/etc/resolv.conf')
fixed-address 172.28.1.7;
option subnet-mask 255.255.0.0;
option routers 172.28.1.254;
option domain-name-servers 172.28.1.67, 172.28.1.69;
# Non-essential DHCP options
option domain-name "tielab.helia.fi";
# TFPT server for PXE boot
server-name "172.28.1.103";
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
}
# 'sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server force-reload'

# http://www.iki.fi/karvinen
Appendix: Modified pxelinux.cfg/default for Kickstart
display ubuntu-installer/i386/boot-screens/syslinux.txt
default linux
F1 ubuntu-installer/i386/boot-screens/f1.txt
label linux
kernel ubuntu-installer/i386/linux
append vga=normal initrd=ubuntu-installer/i386/initrd.gz
ramdisk_size=16432 root=/dev/rd/0 rw -- ks=http://iki.fi/karvinen/notexists-
ks.cfg
label expert
append DEBCONF_PRIORITY=low vga=normal initrd=ubuntu-
installer/i386/initrd.gz ramdisk_size=16432 root=/dev/rd/0 rw --
label server
append base-config/package-selection= base-config/install-language-
support=false vga=normal initrd=ubuntu-installer/i386/initrd.gz ramdisk_size=16432
root=/dev/rd/0 rw --
label server-expert
append base-config/package-selection= base-config/install-language-
support=false DEBCONF_PRIORITY=low vga=normal initrd=ubuntu-
installer/i386/initrd.gz
ramdisk_size=16432 root=/dev/rd/0 rw --
prompt 1
timeout 20
Automatic IP Configuration with DHCP Server on Ubuntu
This article is a work in progress.
$ sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server
# /etc/default/dhcp3-server # This is not needed on Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy

INTERFACES="eth0"
$ sudo nano -w /etc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf
# dhcpd.conf for Helia labs

# Copyright 2006 Tero Karvinen http://www.iki.fi/karvinen/ubuntu_dhcp.html
# License: GNU General Public License, version 2 or later
# ChangeLog:
# 2006-03-27 Initial version, testing in Helia labs
# Don't set "authoritative" until everything else is correct in dhcpd.conf

authoritative; # Warning: this overrides other DHCP servers
# Default options in Ubuntu:
ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;
# Subnet row defines server's network card. Also set in "/etc/default/dhcp3-
server"
# 'ifconfig' shows subnet (ipaddress, zeroes as in mask) and netmask
subnet 172.28.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {
host terotestaa {
# 'ping target_host', 'arp' shows MAC address
# only give DHCP information to this computer:
hardware ethernet 00:0D:56:73:F0:0D;
# Basic DHCP info (see 'ifconfig', 'route', 'cat /etc/resolv.conf')
fixed-address 172.28.1.7;
option subnet-mask 255.255.0.0;
option routers 172.28.1.254;
option domain-name-servers 172.28.1.67, 172.28.1.69;
# Non-essential DHCP options
option domain-name "tielab.helia.fi";
}
}
# 'sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server force-reload'
# http://www.iki.fi/karvinen/ubuntu_dhcp.html
$ sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server stop

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PXE Network Booting on Ubuntu Linux

Make DHCP work.

Add PXE configuration to dhcpd.conf:

(Corrected: server-name ? next-server)

$ sudo apt-get install tftpd-hpa tftp-hpa

$ sudo nano /etc/default/tftpd-hpa

Add a user for TFTP service:

$ sudo adduser pxetero

Download netboot files to /home/pxetero. (mirror of netboot files):

$ sudo /etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa start

$ sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server start

If that worked, it is time to enable kickstart:

Change timeout to non-zero value

# dhcpd.conf for Helia labs

# Don't set "authoritative" until everything else is correct in dhcpd.conf

# 'sudo /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server force-reload'

Appendix: Modified pxelinux.cfg/default for Kickstart

Automatic IP Configuration with DHCP Server on Ubuntu

This article is a work in progress.

$ sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server

# /etc/default/dhcp3-server # This is not needed on Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy

$ sudo nano -w /etc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf

# dhcpd.conf for Helia labs

# Don't set "authoritative" until everything else is correct in dhcpd.conf

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