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ANNUAL LESSON PLAN BIOLOGY FORM 5 2013

THEME : PHYSOLOGY OF LIVING THINGS LEARNING AREA : 1.0 TRANSPORT Week Learning Objectives 1.1 Understanding the importance of having a transport system in some multicellular organisms 1 (2-4/1/2013) Learnng Outcomes tudents should !e a!le to " identify the pro!lem that could !e faced !y multicellular organisms in o!taining their cellular re#uirements and getting rid of their $aste products. Suggested Learning Activities %arry out activities to identify the pro!lem that could !e faced !y multicellular organisms and e&plain ho$ the pro!lem is overcome in multicellular organisms as compared to unicellular organisms. a) correlate the different si'es of cu!es to total surface area/volume (( )/*) ratio+ !)discuss ho$ the (( )/*) ratio affects the movement of solute to the interior of cu!es c) relate the outcomes of (a) and (!) to the pro!lems faced !y multicellular organisms in getting cell re#uirement to the cells in the interior of the organisms d)suggests $ays to improve the movement of solutes to the interior of cu!es $ithout changing the si'e of cu!es e) e&plain $hy there is a need Notes )s compared to unicellular organisms Vocabulary %ell re#uirements , keperluan sel -aste products , hasil buangan (ransport , pengangkutan (otal surface area , jumlah luas permukaan

suggest ho$ the pro!lem is overcome in multicellular organisms.

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for a transport systems in some multicellular organisms.

Week

Learning Objectives 1.2 ynthesising the concept of circulatory systems.

Learnng Outcomes tudents should !e a!le to "

Suggested Learning Activities .ead te&t materials and vie$ computers simulations on circulatory system and discuss the follo$ing" a) $hat is a circulatory system !) the three components of circulatory system+ i.e. medium+ vessels and pump c) !lood and haemolymph as a medium of transport d) the composition of human !lood e) the function of !lood and haemolymph in transport f) the structure of human !lood vessels" arteries+ veins and capillaries g) the !asic structure and function of the human heart h) the circulation of !lood in humans in terms of" i) pumping of the heart

Notes

Vocabulary %irculatory system - sistem peredaran %omposition - komposisi 0lood vessles - salur darah .egulatory mechanism - mekanisme kawal atur 0lood pressure - tekanan daran 1eart - jantung

1 (2-4/1/2013) state $hat a circulatory system is state the three component of circulatory system in humans and animals state the medium of transport in humans and animals state the composition of humans !lood e&plain the function of !lood and haemolymph in transport descri!e the structure of human !lood vessels e&plain ho$ !lood is propelled through the human circulatory system.

/nly a !rief description of human !lood vessels is re#uired. %ardiac cycle is not re#uired.

%ardiac muscle - otot kardium 2eletal muscle - otot rangka

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ii) contraction of s2eletal muscles around veins i) the regulatory mechanism of !lood pressure

e&plain !riefly ho$ !lood pressure is regulated

0aroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries are mentioned.

Week

Learning Objectives

Learnng Outcomes compare and contrast the circulatory systems in the follo$ing" humans+ fish and amphi!ians conceptualise the circulatory system in humans

Suggested Learning Activities 4oo2 at the heart of the fish+ chic2en and / or co$ and note similarities and differences in terms of si'e+ and num!er of compartments . Use schematic diagrams to compare the circulatory system in the follo$ing" humans+ fish and amphi!ians. *isuali'e and dra$ concept maps on the circulatory system in humans.

Notes 6ffectors are smooth muscles of the arteries and cardiac muscle.

Vocabulary

2 (3-11/1/2013) 1.3 Understanding the mechanism of !lood clotting tudents should !e a!le to" e&plain the necessity for !lood clotting at the site of damaged !lood vessels

ho$ photomicrographs of !lood clots. 5iscuss the necessity of !lood clotting $ith respect to" a) preventing serious !lood loss !) preventing the entry of microorganisms or foreign particles c) maintaining !lood pressure

0lood clotting - pembekuan darah 5amaged !lood vessel - salur darah tercedera 7mpaired !lood clotting - pembekuan darah terjejas

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d) maintaining circulation of !lood in a closed circulatory system e&plain the mechanism of !lood clotting predict the conse#uences of impaired !lood clotting mechanism in an individual Learnng Outcomes tudents should !e a!le to " descri!e the formation of interstitial fluid. 2 (3-11/1/2013) state the composition of interstitial fluid. state the importance of interstitial fluid. descri!e the fate of interstitial fluid. Use a schematic diagram to illustrate the mechanism of !lood clotting. 8redict the conse#uences of !lood clotting related pro!lems such as haemophilia or trom!osis. Suggested Learning Activities 5ra$ a schematic diagram on the formation of interstitial fluid and lymph+ and discuss the follo$ing " a) spaces !et$een cells. !) materials from !lood capillaries entering these spaces. c) composition of interstitial fluid. d) (he importance of interstitial fluid e) (he need for interstitial fluid to return to the circulatory system directly or via the lymphatic system. 5iscuss the follo$ing " a) the structure of the lymphatic system+ !) (he flo$ of lymph+ c) (he role of the -ith the e&ception of thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct+ specific names of lymph vessels Notes Vocabulary interstitial fluid - bendalir interstis 4yhmpatic system - system limfa lymph nodes - nodus limfa

Week

Learning Objectives 1.4 ynthesising the concept of lymphatic systems.

descri!e the structure of the lymphatic system+ e&plain ho$ the lymphatic

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system complements the circulatory system+ compare the content of !lood+ interstitial fluid and lymph+ predict $hat $ill happen if interstitial fluid fails to return to the circulatory system. conceptualise the relationship !et$een the lymphatic system and circulatory system. lymphatic system in transport. Use a graphic organi'er to compare the content of !lood+ interstitial fluid and lymph. 0rainstorm to predict $hat $ere happen if interstitial fluid fails to return to the circulatory system. tudy diagram or computer simulation on the lymphatic system+ and discuss the relationship !et$een the lymphatic system and circulatory system. Suggested Learning Activities 5iscuss the necessity for a !ody defence mechanism in humans. ;ather information and discuss the !ody<s mechanism $ith reference to " a) first line of defence - s2in - mucous mem!rane !) second line of defence - phagocytic $hite !lood cells. c) third line of defence - lymphocytes 5ra$ and la!el the various stages of phagocytosis 5iscuss the follo$ing " and lymph nodes and not re#uired.

Week

Learning Objectives 1.9 Understanding the role of the circulatory system in !ody defence mechanism

Learnng Outcomes tudents should !e a!le to "

Notes

Vocabulary 0ody<s defence mechanism mekanisme pertahanan badan. 7mmunity - keimunan 7mmunisation pengimunan ac#uired immune deficiency syndrome ()75 ) - sindrom kurang daya tahan

state another function of the circulatory system !esides transport. identify the three lines of defence mechanism of the !ody+ 3 (14-1:/1/2013)

descri!e the process of phagocytosis+

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state the meaning of antigen + anti!ody+ immunity and immuni'ation+ relate antigen and anti!ody to immunity. name and give e&amples of various types of immunity+ a) antigens+ anti!odies+ immunity and immuni'ation+ !) ho$ antigens and anti!odies are related to immunity. c) (he various types of immunity " i) active immunity (natural+ artificial) ii) passive immunity (natural+ artificial) %arry out small group discussion on the follo$ing and present the findings" a) the effects of 17* on the !ody<s immune system.

Week

Learning Objectives

tate the affects of human immunodeficiency virus (17*) on the !ody<s defence mechanism+ Learnng Outcomes 5escri!e the transmission of 17*+ uggest $ays to prevent the spred of ac#uired immune deficiency syndrome ()75 ).

Suggested Learning Activities !) transmission of 17*. c) prevention of )75

Notes

Vocabulary

3 (14-1:/1/2013) 1.= )ppreciating a healthy cardiovascular system

tudents should !e a!le to " select and practise suita!le $ays to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system

.esearch and discuss nutrition and lifestyle $hich can lead to a healthy cardiovascular system. (hen+ select $ays that are suita!le and practise them.

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1.3 Understanding the transport of su!stances in plants. tudents should !e a!le to " state the necessity for transport of su!stances in plants. %ross section - 2eratan rentas 5iscuss the follo$ing " a) the necessity for tansport of su!stances in plants. !) the pro!lem that could !e faced !y plants in transporting su!stances and ho$ it is overcome in plants. %arry out the follo$ing activities " a) to sho$ the presence of &ylem as a continuous tu!e system to transport $ater and minerals. !) prepare slides and loo2 at the cross-section and longitudinal section of a dicot stem. c) study prepared slides of > of stem+ root and leaf of a dicot plant and dra$ plan diagrams. 4ongitudinal section , 2eratan mem!u?ur

4 (21-29/1/2013) identify the vascular tissue in stem+ root and leaf. state the role of vascular tissue in the transport of su!stances. descri!e the structure of vascular tissue.

Week

Learning Objectives

Learnng Outcomes relate the structure of &ylem to transport. relate the structure of phloem to transport. predict the effect of removing a ring of phloem tissue from a

Suggested Learning Activities .elate the follo$ing " a) the structure of &ylem to the transport of $ater and minerals !) the structure of phloem to the transport of organic su!stances. %arry out !ar2 ringing to sho$ the role of phloem in

Notes 0ar2 ringing is the removal of a ring of tissue to the &ylem from around the trun2 of a $oody plant.

Vocabulary

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plant. 1.: ynthesising the concept of transport of su!stances in plants. the continuous transport of organic su!stances. 5iscuss the follo$ing " a) the transport of organic su!stances in plants. !) the importance of translocation in plants. %arry out small group discussion on the follo$ing and present the findings @ a) the process of transpiration. !) the importance of transpiration. c) the path$ay of $ater from soil to leaves using a schematic diagram. Aechanism to e&plain translocation is not re#uired. 8ath$ay of $ater , laluan air 6nvironmental factor , factor perse2itaran. 4ight intensity , 2eamatan cahaya .elative humidity , 2elem!apan relative .ate of transpiration , 2adar transpirasi .oot pressure , te2anan a2ar (ranspiration pull , tari2an transpirasi %apillary action , tinda2an 2apilari

tudents should !e a!le to " state $hat translocation is. e&plain the importance of translocation in plants.

descri!e the process of transpiration. e&plain the importance of transpiration. descri!e the path$ay of $ater from the soil to the leaves.

Week

Learning Objectives

Learnng Outcomes state e&ternal conditions affecting transpiration. design e&periments to study factors affecting the rate of transpiration.

Suggested Learning Activities d) the e&ternal conditions affecting the rate of transpiration. 5esign and conduct e&periments to study factors affecting the rate of

Notes

Vocabulary

4 (21-29/1/2013)

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transpiration+ ie. @ a) air movement !) temperature c) light intensity d) relative humidity e&plain the role of root pressure in the movement of $ater in plants. e&plain the role of cohesion and adhesion of $ater in the movement of $ater in plants. conceptualise the transport mechanism in plants %arry out an activity to sho$ the follo$ing @ a) root pressure !) cohesion and adhesion of $ater. 5iscuss and dra$ a concept map of the movement of $ater in plants in terms of the follo$ing " osmosis+ transpiration pull+ cohesion and adhesion of $ater+ opening and closing of stomata+ root pressure.

THEME : PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING THINGS LEARNING AREA : 2.0 LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT Week 9 Learning Objectives 2.1 Understanding support Learnng Outcomes tudents should !e a!le to " Suggested Learning Activities %arry out small group discussion on Notes Vocabulary

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(2:/01/20131/2/2013) and locomotion in humans and animals. the follo$ing " e&plain the necessity for support and locomotion in humans and animals. descri!e pro!lems that could !e faced !y humans and animals in support and locomotion. e&plain ho$ pro!lems in support and locomotion are overcome in humans and animals. name the !ones that ma2e up the a&ial s2eleton and appendicular s2eleton of the human !ody. a) the necessity for support and locomotion in humans and animals. !) the pro!lems that could !e faced !y humans and animals in support and locomotion. c) ho$ the a!ove pro!lems are overcome in humans and animals. tudy a model of human s2eleton to identify the follo$ing " a) a&ial s2eleton consisting of the s2ull+ cervical verte!rae+ thoracic verte!rae+ lum!ar verte!rae+ sacrum+ coccy&+ sternum and ri!s. !) appendicular s2eleton consisting of the scapula+ clavicle+ humerus+ ulna+ radius+ pelvic girdle+ femur+ ti!ia and fi!ula.

Week

Learning Objectives

Learnng Outcomes la!el the !ones+ the s2eletal muscles and tendons in a diagram of the arm.

Suggested Learning Activities /!serve a chic2en $ing to note the position and nature of muscle+ ligaments and tendons.

Notes

Vocabulary

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5ra$ and la!el a simple diagram of an arm to sho$ the arrangements of !ones+ s2eletal muscle and tendons. 0riefly discuss@ a) ho$ the !ones+ s2eletal muscle+ tendons and ?oints !ring a!out movement in the arm or leg. !) the necessity of nerve impulses in s2eletal muscle contraction. c) the antagonistic action of s2eletal muscle. d) all muscles has t$o primary proteins. e) source of energy is from )(8 produced in ad?acent mitochondria. f) the function of cartilage and synovial fluid at ?oints /!serve and discuss the mechanism of locomotion in an earth$orm+ grasshopper+ fish of !ird. 5iscuss and present findings on muscle cramps+ osteoporosis+ muscular dystrophy and arthrisis

6&plain ho$ movement is !rought a!out in a lim!.

(he sliding , Cilament model of muscle contraction is not re#uired.

contraction , pengecutan

tate the function of cartilage and synovial fluid at ?oints 5escri!e !riefly the mechanism of locomotion in an animal.

tate some conse#uences of impaired musculos2eletal system on support and locomotion

/nly a simple account is re#uired.

impaired , ter?e?as muscle cramp , 2e?ang otot

Week

Learning Objectives 2.2 )ppreciating a healthy musculos2eletal system

Learnng Outcomes tudents should !e a!le to "

Suggested Learning Activities 5iscuss and share $ays of %aring for the musculos2eletal system

Notes

Vocabulary

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= (4-:/02/2013) 8ractise $ays to care for the musculos2eletal system. such as" a) follo$ing a !alanced diet !) having a good posture c) using a proper attire for daily activities. d) ta2ing appropriate precautions during vigorous activities. e) practicising correct and safe e&ercise techni#ues. 5iscuss the follo$ing @ a) the necessity for support in plants. !) $hat could !e the support related pro!lems faced !y ( i ) a#uatic plants (ii ) terrestrial plants c) ho$ is support achieved in a#uatic and terrestrial plants. %arry out the follo$ing activities @ a) study the adaptation for support (aerenchyma and air sacs ) in floating a#uatic plants eg. -ater hyacinth. !) study prepared slides of cross- sections of old stems to identify tissue that help in support. c) investigate ho$ support in her!aceous plants eg. spinach and !alsam is achieved $ithout $oody tissue.

2.3 Understanding support in plants

tudents should !e a!le to " 6&plain the necessity for support in plants

6&plain ho$ support is achieved in a#uatic plants

6&plain ho$ support in terrestrial plants are achieved through tissue modification.

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THEME : PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING THINGS LEARNING AREA : 3.0 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE Week 3 (13-19/02/2013) Learning Objectives 3.1 Understanding response and coordination Learnng Outcomes tudents should !e a!le to " list the changes in e&ternal and internal environment faced !y the organism+ state $hy organisms have to !e sensitive to changes in internal and e&ternal environment. clarify through e&amples the meaning of Dstimulus< and Dresponse< state the main components and path$ays involved in detecting and responding to changes in e&ternal environment state the main components and path$ays involved in detecting and regulating changes in internal environment+ clarify through e&amples the meaning of Dcoordination< Suggested Learning Activities %arry out small group discussion on the follo$ing and present the findings" a) 6&ternal stimuli+ e.g. light+ sound+ smell+ taste+ temperature+ pressure+ and touch. !) 7nternal stimuli e.g. sugar level in the !lood and osmotic pressure of !lood. c) the necessity for living organisms to respond to stimuli %arry out activities to study" a) human and animal responses to e&ternal and internal environment !) plant responses to e&ternal environment *ie$ computer simulations on the path$ays in detecting and responding to e&ternal and internal stimuli in humans and animals and dra$ schematic diagrams involving the main components. 5iscuss $hat is meant !y Dcoordination<. Aain components are receptors+ integrating centre and effectors. External environment persekitaran luar Internal environment persekitaran dalam Stimulus rangsangan esponse gerak balas Notes Vocabulary

)ffent and efferent path$ays are involved. 7n regulating the internal environment+ negative feed!ac2 is

!egative feedback suap balik negatif

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Week 3 (13-19/02/2013) Learning Objectives 3.2 )nalysing the role of human nervous system Learnng Outcomes tudents should !e a!le to " state the role of nervous system dra$ and la!el a diagram to sho$ the organisation of nervous system name the main parts of the !rain and state their functions+ dra$ and la!el a diagram of a cross section of the spinal cord+ state the main functions of the spinal cord la!el the structure of an afferent neurons+ identify the types of neurons from diagrams given state the function of each type of neurone state the mode of transmission of information along the neurone descri!e !riefly the path$ay of transmission of information from receptors to effectors Suggested Learning Activities 5iscuss the role of nervous system. 5ra$ a diagram to sho$ the organisation of the nervous system. Spinal cord saraf tunjang *ie$ graphics of the !rain and la!el the main parts of the !rain+ and state their respective function(s). 5ra$ and la!el diagram of a cross section of a spinal cord. 5iscuss the main functions of the spinal cord. 5ra$ and la!el the structure of the efferent neurone ( nucleus+ cell !ody+ cytoplasm+dendrites+a&on+synaptic dendrites+ myelin sheath ). 7dentify and discuss the function of the three types of neurone. *ie$ computer animations on the transmission of information in the form of electrical signals. 5iscuss the mode of transmission of the information along the neurone. 5ra$ a schematic diagram to sho$ the path$ay of transmission of information+ and discuss the follo$ing" Week Learning Objectives Learnng Outcomes Suggested Learning Activities Notes (he parts of the !rain to !e studied are the cere!rum+cere! ellum+medulla o!longata+ pituitary+hypoth alamus and thalamus. %ross section of spinal cord include grey matter+$hite matter+dorsal root+ventral root+ganglion+sp inal nerve. "ransmission of information penghantaran maklumat Electrical signals isyarat electric involved. Notes Vocabulary !ervous system sistem saraf

Vocabulary

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a) reception of stimuli !y receptors !) from receptors to the central nervous system c) integration and interpretation !y the central nervous system to the effectors d) response !y the effectors 5ra$ and la!el a simple diagram of a synapse+ dra$ and la!el a simple diagram of a synapse+ descri!e the transmission of information across synapses+ state the role of synapse in transmission+ give e&amples of voluntary action+ give e&amples of involuntary action %onduct small group discussion on the follo$ing" a) transmission of information across the synapse !) the role of the synapse in transmission 5iscuss vountary action and invountary action $ith e&amples. 5iscuss the follo$ing" a) vountary action e.g+ raising your hand to ans$er a #uestion+ !) involuntary action involving s2eletal muscles e.g. 2nee ?er2+ c) involuntary action involving smooth muscles or glands eg. normal !lood pressure. -or2 in small groups to dra$ a schematic diagram of a refle& arc

Eote" %onditional refle& is not re#uired. #oluntary action tindakan terkawal Involuntary action tindakan luar kawal $nee jerk sentakan lutut Skeletal muscles otot licin eflex arc arka refleks

outline the transmission of information in voluntary action outline the transmission of information in involuntary action

dra$ a schematic diagram sho$ing a refle& arc+

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Week Learning Objectives Learnng Outcomes give e&amples of nervous system diseases Suggested Learning Activities *isit homes for aged. ho$ compassion to$ards senior citi'ens and patients $ith )l'heimer<s and 8ar2inson<s diseases. %arry out small group discussion on the follo$ing and present the findings" a) -hat a hormone is+ !) -hat the endocrine system is c) -hy the endocrine system is necessary+ despite having the nervous system+ d) (he physiological processes $hich are not directly regulated !y the nervous system+ e.g. menstrual cycle+ development of secondary se& characteristics+ gro$th+ etc e) 1o$ the endocrine system complements the nervous system. %arry out group activity to la!el the main glands in the endocrine system. Eame the main hormones produced !y each endocrine gland. 6ndocrine glandsF2elen?ar endocrine Notes Vocabulary

: (1:-22/02/2013) 3.3 )nalysing the role of hormones in humans tudents should !e a!le to" state $hat a hormone is+ state $hat the endocrine system is+ state $hy the endocrine system is necessary+ state physiological processes not directly regulated !y the nervous system+ descri!e ho$ the endocrine system complements the nervous system+

Week

Learning Objectives

Learnng Outcomes la!el the main glands of the endocrine system+ name the main hormones produced !y

Suggested Learning Activities Aatch the hormones $ith their functions in the follo$ing physiological processes" a) .eproduction+ !) ;ro$th+

Notes (he main hormones re#uired are" - folliclestimulating

Vocabulary 1ormonal im!alance , 2etida2seim!angan hormone 5$arfism , 2e2erdilan

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each endocrine gland+ state the functions of the hormones involved in some physiological processes+ descri!e !riefly ho$ secretion of hormone is regulated+ c) 1omeostasis. hormone+ - luteinising hormone+ - estrogen - progesterone - androgens - gro$th hormone - thyroidstimulating hormone - thyro&ine - insulin - glucagons - antidiuretic hormone+ and - adrenaline.

5iscuss ho$ secretion of a hormone can !e regulated !y " a) another hormone+ e.g. thyroid stimulating hormone (( 1)+ !) level of certain su!stances+ e.g. glucose+ c) nervous system. 5iscuss the involvement of !oth the nervous system and endocrine system in a Gfight or flightH situation (involving adrenaline). %arry out small group discussion on the follo$ing and present he findings on" a) the effects of im!alance of thyro&ine+ gro$th hormone+ antidiuretic hormone and insulin+ !) the use of hormones in the treatment of dia!etes mellitus and d$arfism.

descri!e !riefly coordination involving !oth the nervous and endocrine system in a Gfight or flightH situation+ state the effects of hormonal im!alance state the use of hormones in medicine Learnng Outcomes

Week

Learning Objectives 3.4 ynthesi'ing the concept of homeostasis in humans

Suggested Learning Activities 5iscuss the follo$ing" a) physical factors , !ody temperature and !lood pressure+ !) chemical factors in the !lood

Notes .egulation of the physical and chemical factors in the internal

Vocabulary .egulation -- 2a$alatur

tudents should !e a!le to " 6&plain the necessity to maintain an optimal physical and chemical condition in the internal

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(1:-22/02/2013) environment+ state the meaning of homeostasis+ , partial pressure of o&ygen and car!on dio&ide+ osmotic pressure+ and sugar level+ c) the necessity to maintain an optimal physical and chemical condition in the internal environment+ d) the meaning of homeostasis 5esign an e&periment to sho$ the effect of different #uantities of $ater inta2e on urine output. 5iscuss the follo$ing" a) the relationship !et$een regulation of osmotic pressure and the formation of urine+ !) the formation of urine+ c) the relationship !et$een urine formation and e&cretion. 5ra$ and la!el the follo$ing structures" a) 2idney+ !) nephron. (he action of sodium pump is not re#uired environment is vital for survival.

design an e&periment to study the effect of different #uantities of $ater inta2e on urine output+ relate changes in !lood osmotic pressure to urine output+ descri!e the formation of urine+ relate the formation of urine to e&cretion+ descri!e !riefly the mechanism of osmoregulation+

Week

Learning Objectives

Learnng Outcomes predict the conse#uences of impaired 2idney function+

Suggested Learning Activities *ie$ computer simulations and dra$ a schematic diagram on the process of urine formation and discuss the follo$ing processes" a) ultrafiltration+

Notes

Vocabulary

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!) rea!sortion+ c) secretion descri!e the regulation of !lood sugar level+ descri!e the regulation of !ody temperature+ 5ra$ a schematic diagram on the action of antidiuretic hormone ()51)+ and discuss the follo$ing" a) the process of osmoregulation !y the 2idneys+ !) negative feed!ac2 control in osmoregulation. ;ather information and discuss the follo$ing" a) haemodialysis+ !) 2idney donation and 2idney transplant+ .ecall+ discuss and dra$ a concept map on various mechanisms that together 2eep the physical and chemical conditions inside the organism constant in terms of" a) !lood sugar level+ !) !ody temperature+ c) partial pressure of o&ygen and car!on dio&ide+ d) !lood pressure.

conceptualise homeostasis.

Week

Learning Objectives 3.9 8ractising a healthy lifestyle

Learnng Outcomes tudents should !e a!le to " descri!e the effects of drug and alcohol a!use on humans+

Suggested Learning Activities ho$ pictures of drug addicts and alcoholics+ then discuss drug and alcohol a!use. .esearch and report on" effects of drug and alcohol a!use such as on the nervous system+ social factors that can lead to

Notes /nly a simple account is re#uired is re#uired.

Vocabulary 5rug a!use , penyalahgunaan dadah

e&plain the factors that

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can lead to drug and alcohol a!use+ B (29/02/20131/03/2013) practise a healthy lifestyle drug and alcohol a!use. )ttend tal2s on drug and alcohol a!use. 8articipate in anti-drug a!use and antialcohol a!use campaigns.

.esearch and report on" a) the meaning of plant hormone !) plant hormones e.g. au&ins+ ethylene c) effect of au&ins !ased on scientific findings on phototropism. d) role of au&ins in phototropism and geotropism. e) the use of hormones in agriculture. .esponses , gerakbalas 6thylene is also 2no$n as ethene.

3.= Understanding plant hormones

tudents should !e a!le to" tate $hat plant hormones are. ;ive some e&amples of plant hormones. 7nfer the effects of au&ins on gro$th responses 6&plain the role of au&ins intropism tate the use of hormones in agriculture

10 (4-:/03/2013)

UJIAN 1

THEME : LEARNING AREA : Week

PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING THINGS 4.0 REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH Learnng Outcomes Suggested Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Learning Objectives

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4.1 )nalysing gamete formation 11 (11-19/03/2013) tudents should !e a!le to" 6&plain the necessity for organisms to reproduce tate types of reproduction. 6&plain the necessity for formation of gametes. 5escri!e formation of sperm in humans. 5escri!e formation of ovum in humans. %ompare the formation of sperm $ith that of ovum. 5iscuss the follo$ing a!out reproduction" a) the necessity to reproduce !) the t$o types of reproduction c) the necessity for formation of gametes tudy diagrams of the stages in the formation of a sperm and ovum. %ompare the formation of a sperm $ith that of an ovum. .eproduce , membiak

5iscuss the follo$ing" 4.2 )nalysing the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle. tudents should !e a!le to" tate $hat menstruation is. .elate menstruation to menstrual cycle. tate then importance of the menstrual cycle tate the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle .elate hormonal levels to the development of follicles+ the process of ovulation+ and the formation of corpus luteum .elate hormonal levels to the changes in thic2ness of the endometrium Learnng Outcomes a) $hat menstruation is !) the relation !et$een menstruation and menstrual cycle c) the importance of the menstrual cycle d) hormones involved in the menstrual cycle tudy and interpret graphs on hormonal levels during the menstrual cycle. tudy diagrams+ and discuss the effect of hormonal levels on the follo$ing " Aenstrual cycle kitar haid /vulation - %engovuman

Week

Learning Objectives

Suggested Learning Activities

Notes

Vocabulary 8remenstrual

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12 (1:-22/03/2013) 4.3 Understanding the early development of a 'ygote in humans. 6&plain the role of hormones in regulating menstrual cycle tate $hat premenstrual syndrome(8A ) is tate $hat menopause is a) !) c) d) follicle development ovulation formation of corpus luteum thic2ness of the endometrium /nly a simple account is re#uirerd. syndrome(8A )-Sindrom %rahaid Aenopause , putus haid

5iscuss the follo$ing" a) 8remenstrual syndrome !) Aenopause Use diagram and computer simulation to discuss the follo$ing" Certili'ation , persenyawaan 7dentical t$ins- kembar seiras Craternal t$ins-kembar tak seiras 7mplantation- penempelan Um!ilical cord- tali pusat 7lustrate ho$ identical and fraternal t$ins are formed+ and give some differences !et$een them. .esearch and report on" a) functions of the placenta in foetal development !) the advantages of foetus having a separate circulatory system from that of the mother.

tudents should !e a!le to" 5escri!e $hat fertili'ation is. 5escri!e in simple terms the early development of a 'ygote. Eame the t$o main stages in the development of a 'ygote in preparation for implantation 5escri!e the formation of t$ins %ompare identical t$ins $ith fraternal t$ins tate the functions of the placenta in foetal development 6&plain the advantages of foetus having a separate circulatory system from that of the mother. Learnng Outcomes

a) the formation of 'ygote !) the early development of a 'ygote as the formation of a !all of cells $hich !ecomes implanted in the $all of the uterus c) identify morula and !lastocyst from the diagrams given d) formation of identical t$ins+ fraternal t$ins and iamese t$ins.

Week

Learning Objectives

Suggested Learning Activities

Notes

Vocabulary

23
4.4 )ppreciating the contri!ution of science I technology to human reproduction. 12 (1:-22/03/2013) tudents should !e a!le" 6&plain the contri!ution of cience I (echnology to human reproduction 6&plain some moral issues related to the application of cience I (echnology to human reproduction. 6&plain $hat se&ually transmitted diseases are. ;ive e&amples of se&ually transmitted diseases .esearch and report on" a) a) !) c) d) e) family planning sperm !an2 artificial insemination in-vitro fertili'ation surrogate mother se&ually transmitted diseases )rtificial inseminationpermanian beradas 7n vitro fertilisationpersenyawaan in vitro urrogate mother-ibu tumpang

CUTI SEKOLAH SEMESTER 1 (23 31!03!2013"

24

4.9 ynthesi'ing the concept of se&ual reproduction in flo$ering plants. 13 (1-9/04/2013)

tudents should !e a!le to " identify male and female structure in a flo$er. descri!e the formation of pollen grains. 5escri!e the formation of the em!ryo sac in the ovule. 5escri!e the formation of pollen tu!e.

6&amine a flo$er to identify" (a) various flo$er part. (!)the structure $hich produce male and female reproductive cells.

%ollen debunga. Embryo sac pundit embrio. &ermination percambahan.

Week

Learning Objectives

Learnng Outcomes 5escri!e the formation of 'ygote. 5escri!e the formation of triploid nucleus. %onceptuali'e dou!le fertili'ation. .elate the structure of a fruit to

Suggested Learning Activities 5ra$ diagrams to sho$ the stages in the formation of (a) pollen grains from pollen mother cell+ (!) em!ryo sac from em!ryo sac mother cell. 5escri!e !riefly $hat happens at each stage in !oth (a) and (!).

Notes

Vocabulary

29
the flo$er parts. %onduct an activity to o!serve the germination of pollen grains in sugar solution. 5iscuss the follo$ing" (a) the formation of t$o male nuclei from the generative nucleus. (!) (he formation of a 'ygote . (c) (he formation of triploid nucleus.. 5iscuss and dra$ a concept map of dou!le fertili'ation in flo$ering plants. 6&amine the structure of fruits. 6g. ,mango. 4ong !eans and relate them to the flo$er parts" (a) seeds from the ovule. (!) seed coat from the integument (c)fruit from the ovary. 5iscuss the importance of dou!le fertili'ation for the survival of flo$ering plants. Week Learning Objectives 4.= Understanding gro$th in multicellular organisms. Learnng Outcomes tudents should !e a!le to " 6&plain !riefly the necessity for gro$th. 13 (1-9/04/2013) 6&plain $hat gro$th is. Suggested Learning Activities 5iscuss the necessity for gro$th. %arry out small group discussion on gro$th in terms of " (a) gro$th !eing an irreversi!le process. (!) 7ncrease in the num!er of cells. (c) 7ncrease in cell si'e. (d) %ell differentiation. tudy diagrams or prepared slides to identify the gro$th 'one at root tip and shoot tip. Notes Vocabulary 'ouble fertili(ation persenyawaan ganda dua.

6&plain the importance of dou!le fertili'ation for the survival of flo$ering plants.

Seed coat kulit biji.

&rowth pertumbuhan. Irreversible tidak berbalik. )ell differentiation pembe(aan sel.

2=

4.3 Understanding the gro$th curve .

tudents should !e a!le to " 7dentify the parameter used in the measurement of gro$th. 5escri!e the igmoid gro$th curve. .elate the shape of the gro$th curve to the gro$th phases of an organisms.

;enerate idea on the appropriate parameter used in the measurement of gro$th. %onduct an activity to study the gro$th of a plant" e.g onion+ ma'e or !alsam. tudy and interpret the data /n gro$th in human and discuss the follo$ing" (a) the shape of gro$th curve. (!) 8hases of gro$th. (c) .elationship !et$een (a) and (!). tudy and interpret a gro$th of an insect and relate the shape of the curve to its gro$th.

8arameter used can !e height+ length+ volume+ dry mass and fresh mass.

&rowth curve lengkung pertumbuhan.

6&plain the shape of the gro$th curve of an insect.

Week

Learning Objectives 4.: Understanding primary and secondary gro$th in plants.

Learnng Outcomes tudent should !e a!le to" tate the type of gro$th in plants. tate $hat primary and secondary gro$th is. Eame the tissues involved in primary and secondary gro$th.

Suggested Learning Activities 5iscuss the type of gro$th in plants. %onduct a field study to identify plants that undergo primary and secondary gro$th. 6&amine prepared slides or diagrams of a cross section of a young stem+ mature stem+ young root+ mature root in dicots to identify the primary and secondary tissues. .esearch and report on the follo$ing"

Notes

Vocabulary %rimary growth pertumbuhan primer. Secondary growth pertumbuhan sekunder.

14 (:-12/04/2013)

23
tate the location of the tissues involved. 6&plain the importance of primary gro$th. (a) relate primary gro$th to height+ support and transport of su!stances. (!) .elate secondary gro$th to additional support and transport. (c) tate the importance of vascular cam!ium and cor2 cam!ium. (d) %ompare plants that undergo secondary gro$th $ith those that do not. (e) (he economic importance of plants that undergo secondary gro$th.

6&plain the importance of secondary gro$th. %ompare and contrast plant that undergo secondary gro$th $ith plant that do not.

)ork cambium cambium gabus.

tate the economic importance of plants that undergo secondary gro$th.

THEME : VARIATION AND INHERITANCE. LEARNING AREA : 1.0 INHERITANCE

Week Learning Objectives 1.1 ynthesi'ing the concept of inheritance !ased on Aendel<s e&periment. 19 (19-1B/04/2013) 7dentify characters and traits in Learnng Outcomes tudents should !e a!le to " tate $hat is meant !y inheritance. 5ifferentiate traits and characters Suggested Learning Activities 5iscuss the follo$ing !ased on e&ample " (a) inheritance (!) characters and traits. tudy diagrams sho$ing the result of Aendel<s monohy!rid cross e&periment+ then discuss (a) characters and traits in Notes 6.g" %haracter" height (rait" tall+ short. %haracter" colour (rait " $hite+ red. Vocabulary Inheritance pewarisan. )haracteristic cirri. *ereditary factor factor pewarisan.

2:
Aendel<s e&periment tate that there is a hereditary factor that determines a particular character. 7dentify dominant trait and recessive trait. 6&plain genes and alleles 6&plain dominant allele and recessive allele tate the meaning of phenotype and genotype. .elate allele com!ination to genotype. tate the meaning of homo'ygote and hetero'ygote 5etermine the phenotypic and genotypic ratio in the first and second filial generation. Aendel<s e&periment (!) there is a hereditary factor that determines a particular character. (c) 5ominant trait and recessive trait. (d) ;enes and alleles (e) 5ominant allele and recessive allele (f) 8henotype and genotype (g) homo'ygote and hetero'ygote (h) phenotypic and genotypic ratio in the first and second filial generation. (i) the importance of meiosis 7 in the segregation of alleles.

Week

Learning Objectives

Learnng Outcomes tate the meaning of monohy!rid inheritance. %onceptuali'e Aendel<s Cirst 4a$.

Suggested Learning Activities (?) Aeaning of monohy!rid inheritance. %onduct an activity using coloured !uttons or !eans to illustrate Aendel<s Cirst 4a$. 5iscuss Aendel<s Cirst 4a$ as the

chematic diagrams should sho$ the segregation of alleles in meiosis Notes (he use of 8unnett<s s#uare is re#uired.

Vocabulary

2B
4a$ of egregation. tudy diagrams sho$ing the result of Aendel<s dihy!rid cross e&periment then discuss the follo$ing" (a)meaning of dihy!rid inheritance (!) the importance of meiosis in terms of independent assortment of chromosome. 5iscuss Aendel<s econd 4a$ as the 4a$ of 7ndependent )ssortment. %onceptuali'e Aendel<s econd 4a$. 5iscuss " a) 1.2 Understanding inheritance 1# (22 2#!04!2013" tudents should !e a!le to " state the !lood groupsin the )0/ system and .hesus factor (.h factor) in humans e&plain the inheritance of )0/ !lood group in humans !lood groupsand .hesus factor (.h) factor) !) inheritance of )0/ !lood group in humans.

tate the meaning of dihy!rid inheritance.

Week

Learning Objectives

Learnng Outcomes differentiate autosomes from se& chromosomes identify the different human 2aryotypes+ e&plain se&

Suggested Learning Activities 6&amine a dra$ing of a micrograph of human chromosomes and " a) determine the num!er of chromosomes+ !) arrange the homologus pairs

Notes

Vocabulary

30
determination in offsprings e&plain se&-lin2ed inheritance using e&amples. descri!e heredity diseases. !ased on the location of the centromere and si'e of chromosomes identify autosomes and se& chromosomes

c)

%ompare the 2aryoptypes of a normal human !eing $ith that of a person $ith 5o$n<s syndrome. 5ra$ a schematic diagram to sho$ the follo$ing " a) se& determination in offsprings !) se&-lin2ed inheritance of haemophilia and colour !lindness ;ather information and discuss" a) hereditary disease such as thalassaemia /nly a !rief account is re#uired se& determination , penentuan seks se&-lin2ed inheritancepewarisan terangkai seks colour !lindness-buta warna

1.3 Understanding genes and chromosomes

1$ (2%!04!2013 3!&!2013"

Week

Learning Objectives

tudents should !e a!le to " state the unit of inheritance state the location of genes. descri!e the structure of deo&yri!onucleic acid (5E)) descri!e in simple terms the manifestation of a trait of an organism from the !asic unit of inheritance Learnng Outcomes

.esearch and report on " a) unit of inheritance !) the location of genes %onstruct a model of deo&yri!onucleic acid (5E)) and discuss the follo$ing " a) structure of nucleotides !) structure of polynucleotides c) dou!le heli& structure of 5E)

Suggested Learning Activities

Notes

Vocabulary

31
5ra$ a schematic diagram and relate ho$ a trait is manifested from the !asic unit of inheritance in terms of " a) chromosomes to 5E) !) 5E) to gene c) ;ene to protein d) 8rotein to the trait of an organism .esearch and report on the follo$ing " a) 5E) fingerprinting !) 1uman genome pro?ect c) 8otential of stem cell research d) ;enetic engineering+ i) gene therapy ii) genetically modified organis iii) genetically modified food iv) medicine (production of insulin) 5iscuss the implications of the a!ove to man2ind. %onduct a forum or de!ate on ethical and moral issues in the application of 2no$ledge in genetics. *isit research centres that conduct research in genetic engineering. 5ou!le heli&- helix ganda dua

e&plain !riefly the importance of genetics to man2ind. descri!e the application and a!use of 2no$ledge in genetics. argue on the need for ethics and moral in the application of genetics.

)n e&planation of the mechanism of protein synthesis is not re#uired

5E) fingerprinting cap jari '!+ ;enetic engineering kejuruteraan genetic 6thics-etika

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#!0&!2013 23!0&!2013 : PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN

24!0&!2013 %!0#!2013 : CUTI PERTENGAHAN TAHUN

THEME: VARIATION AND INHERITANCE LEARNING AREA: 2.0 VARIATION
Week 21 (10-14/0=/2013) Learning Objectives 2.1 Understanding variations in organisms Learnng Outcomes tudents should !e a!le to " tate the importance of variations in organism ;ive e&amples of variation in humans. tate the type of variation. %ompare continuous variation $ith discontinuous variation $ith discontinuous variation Suggested Learning Activities 5iscuss the importance of variation in organisms. %onduct an activity to investigate variation in humans and present the data graphyically. 5iscuss continous and discontinous variation !ased on graphs. Notes Vocabulary #ariations- variasi )ontinuous variationvariasi selanjar 'iscontinous variationvariasi tak selanjar

33
%ompare continuous variations $ith discontinuous variation. ) student is a!le to " 2.2 Understanding the causes of variation 22 (1$ 21!0#!2013" tate the factors causing variation. 6&plain the effects of genetic factors on variation. 6&plain the effects of environmental factors on variation. 5iscuss the causes of variation in terms of " a) genetic factors !) environmental 5iscuss the effects of genetic factor on variation. %onduct an activity+ such as role , playing or model ,!uilding + to sho$ the process of genetic recom!ination. %onduct an activity to study the effects of different environmental factors on the variation of plants

Week

Learning Objectives

Learnng Outcomes

Suggested Learning Activities

Notes

Vocabulary

34
6&plain mutation. 5iscuss the follo$ing " a) %hromosomal mutation+ !) gene mutation 5iscuss e&amples of mutation and mutagens 23 (24-2:/0=/2013) 2.3 0e respectful to$ards one another despite variation 5iscuss the importance of variation in the survival of a species

6&plain the importance of variation in the survival of a species.

tudents should !e a!le to " )ccept that people are different. .espect each other

8articipates in games and clu! activities involving individuals from various ethnic groups. %onduct a s2etch to sho$ respect for all ;od<s creation