NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES B.02 BLAST RESISTANT CONTROL BUILDINGS

Rev 0

Date 1999

Description Issued for Implementation

Checked DL

Approved

Compiled by Teknica (UK) Ltd

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION BLAST RESISTANT CONTROL BUILDINGS

INDEX SEC 1.0 1.1 1.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 10.0 TITLE SCOPE OF SPECIFICATION Introduction Other NOC Specifications DEFINITIONS Technical Contractual DESIGN Codes and Standards Loads Structural Design Requirements Foundation Design DOORS AND OPENINGS AIR-CONDITIONING INTERNAL FINISHES SERVICES INSPECTIONS TESTING Statutory Testing Test Procedures Test Certificates Performance Testing DOCUMENTATION 12 4 5

GES B.02 Page 2 of 13 Rev 0 1999

PAGE 3 3

5 5 6 6 7 9 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION BLAST RESISTANT CONTROL BUILDINGS

1.0 1.1 1.1.1 SCOPE OF THE SPECIFICATION Introduction

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This specification sets out the minimum requirements and recommended practices for the architectural and civil design of Blast Resistant Control Buildings. It is not a definitive, technical, contract specification, but is intended to serve as a briefing document for the Owner and Contractor, and to set the standards to be implemented for building function, construction and ease of maintenance. Its scope is limited to functional, planning and construction criteria. This specification is a supplementary document to GES B.01, which gives general guidance on overall design of control buildings. The scope of this specification is confined to the structural and civil engineering aspects of control building design for blast resistance. A control building houses the control systems for the production and processing facilities, and is manned by a team of operating and engineering staff. Sometimes, for operational reasons, control buildings have to be positioned in hazardous areas where blast-resistant construction is necessary. This will often apply to control buildings located within ethylene and LNG plants, where the risk of detonation of hydrocarbons is high.

1.1.2

The intent of the document is: To provide Owners and Vendors/Contractors with clear design guidelines for the building envelope, and to ensure that this is coordinated with the functional needs of mechanical (air conditioning, water services and drainage) electrical, telecomms and instrumentation services. To ensure that submitted designs shall be appropriate for the specified area classification and conform to recommended good practice with regard to safety requirements within the petroleum industry. To standardise design by providing comprehensive recommendations and requirements within a single document. To set benchmark standards for both building function and construction, and to provide the framework for cost-control to be implemented. To give guidance which takes into account the climatic conditions and general methods of construction prevailing and which allows the use of construction technology requiring the minimum importation of overseas building materials and components. This document is intended to serve as a design tool for Owners and Vendor/Contractors for the administration of the building design process during pre-contract stages. It is not a definitive project specification. Vendors/Contractors are in no way relieved of their responsibilities for the production of completed documentation and safe, functional design.

1.1.3

Any items not specifically covered in this specification shall be designed and engineered in accordance with good engineering practice. All proposed designs shall be approved by the Owner prior to implementation. Any exceptions to this specification must be authorised by the Owner.

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION BLAST RESISTANT CONTROL BUILDINGS

1.2 Other NOC Specifications

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Where indicated in this specification, the following additional NOC Specifications shall apply: 1.2.1 General GES A.06 1.2.2 Buildings GES B.01 GES B.12 GES B.13 GES B.16 1.2.3 Fire and Safety GES H.01 GES H.03 GES H.04 GES H.08 1.2.4 Fire and Gas Alarm Systems Portable Fire Extinguishers Fire Water Systems CO2 and Halon Substitute Systems. Central Control Buildings Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Plumbing and Sanitary Specifications Process and Utility Buildings Site Data

Instrumentation and Control GES J.12 GES J.16 Indoor Control Panels Instrument Wiring and Cabling

1.2.5

Electrical GES L.19 GES L.26 GES L.27 GES L.31 GES L.34 GES L.35 Building Electrical Systems Plant Lighting Electrical requirements for Control Rooms, inc Wiring. Area Classification Electrical Equipment in Contaminated Environments Electrical Equipment in Hazardous Areas.

1.2.6

Civils GES Q.01 GES Q.03 GES Q.04 GES Q.05 Earthworks (inc. Site Preparation, Pits and Trenches) Foundations (inc. Piling) Concrete Structures Blockwork

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION BLAST RESISTANT CONTROL BUILDINGS

GES Q.14 1.2.7 Design Loads for Structures

GES B.02 Page 5 of 13 Rev 0 1999

Telecommunications GES T.02 GES T.10 PABX Telephone Systems and Telephone Instruments Local Telephone Cabling Systems

2.0 2.1

DEFINITIONS Technical The technical terms used in this specification are defined as follows:

2.1.1

Blast resistant structures Buildings capable of withstanding an external explosion which generates an overpressure of 10 psi (69kPa) for 20 milliseconds. This is roughly equivalent to the overpressure created by a free-air explosion of one U.S. ton of TNT at 100 feet (one metric ton at 31.5m). In resisting such an explosion with moderate structural damage, a margin of safety of at least 2.5 against collapse, is considered acceptable. The intention is to keep personnel safe and facilities operable under such circumstances.

2.2

Contractual The commercial terms used in this specification are defined as follows:

2.2.1

Owner The oil and gas company, an associate or subsidiary, who is the end user of the control building.

2.2.2

Vendor The company supplying the equipment and material.

2.2.3

Contractor The main contractor for a defined piece of work.

2.2.4

Sub-Contractor A company awarded a contract by a Contractor to do part of the work awarded to the Contractor.

2.2.5

Inspection Authority The organisation representing the Owner or Contractor that verifies that the equipment and facilities have been designed, constructed, inspected and tested in accordance with the requirements of this specification and the Purchase Order/Contract.

2.2.6

Inspector A qualified individual representing the Owner, Contractor or the assigned Inspection Authority, who verifies that the equipment and facilities have been designed, constructed, inspected and tested in accordance with the requirements of this specification and the Purchase Order/Contract.

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION BLAST RESISTANT CONTROL BUILDINGS

3.0 3.1 DESIGN Codes and Standards

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This specification has been based on the requirements of the international standards and codes of practice set out below. They are to be adhered to in any submitted design for blast-resistant control buildings. In the event of conflict between codes, standards and this specification, the requirements leading to the safer design shall be used as determined and approved by the Owner. 3.1.1 Electrical and Mechanical ASHRAE API RP 500A IEE Guide and Data Book Classification of Areas for Electrical Installations in Petroleum Refineries. Regulations for Electrical Installations - 16th Edition

IP Model Code of Practice: Part 1 3.1.2 Safety ISA RP 60.8 Electrical Guide for Control Centres Electrical Safety Code

IP Model Code of Practice: Part 1 Part 3 Part 15 3.1.3 Electrical Safety Code Refinery Safety Code Area Classification Code for Petroleum Installations

Building Construction U.B.C. - Uniform Building Code (USA) The Building Regulations 1991 (UK) BS 5908: 1980 Code of Practice for Fire Precautions in Chemical Plants BS 5930: 1980, Code of Practice for Site Investigations.

3.1.4

Blast Resistant Control Buildings ACI SP-73 ACI 442R ASCE Dynamic Modelling of Concrete Structures Response of Concrete Buildings to Lateral Forces

Manual of Engineering Practice No.42 - Design of Structures to Resist Weapons Effects.

3.2 3.2.1

Loads Blast Pressures and Durations. Rectangular, box-shaped buildings shall be designed for blast pressure as follows: (a) Each wall shall be designed for a peak reflected pressure (Pr) of 25 psi (172kPa) and a duration

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION BLAST RESISTANT CONTROL BUILDINGS

(to) of 20 milliseconds. (b) (c)

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Flat roof slabs and beams shall be designed for an incident overpressure (Po) of 10 psi (69 kPa) and a duration (to) of 20 milliseconds. The main structural framing shall be designed for blast pressure on any one wall in accordance with 3.2.1 (a) above, together with roof loading as set out below. For frame spans between those listed, pressures and durations may be interpolated linearly. All blast-induced pressures shall be assumed to decrease linearly from the maximum value at time t = 0 to zero at t = t0 Table 1. Blast Pressure and Durations Span of Structural Frame M 3 6 12 18 Peak Pressure Pf Duration t0

(d)

kPa 69 38 31 28

milliseconds, ms 20 40 50 60

3.2.2

Static Load Equivalent of Blast Pressures and Durations Required dynamic resistance ( R ) in the direction of blast loads shall be calculated in accordance with the procedure outlined in ASCE Manual 42 (see 3.1.4 above), or an equivalent acceptable method, which takes into account dynamic response. Required dynamic resistance may be calculated in accordance with the following general formula: R = P/[(a/)+a/2m(+0.7)] psi Note: R shall not be less than 2psi (13.8kPa) and need not be greater than 12.5psi (86kPa) where : R = required dynamic resistance of structural element, expressed as static load equivalent of blast pressure and duration, psi (kPa) P = peak blast load = Pr or Po or Pf psi (kPa) as appropriate for the element under consideration a = energy absorption factor = 2m -1 m = maximum displacement factor = Xm/Xy = duration factor = to/T Xm = maximum allowable dynamic displacement, inches (mm) Xy = effective displacement at initial yield, inches (mm)

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION BLAST RESISTANT CONTROL BUILDINGS

to = duration of blast load, milliseconds.

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T = fundamental period of vibration of structure or element under consideration, milliseconds. Maximum allowable dynamic displacement factors shall be limited as follows: For structural steel, m 5 For reinforced concrete loaded primarily in flexure m 3 For reinforced concrete subjected primarily to axial compression of shear, m 1.5 For a steel or reinforced concrete girder forming a part of the main structural frame, which resists both vertical and lateral loads, m1.0

The maximum allowable plastic joint gradient, = Xm/_ shall be limited as follows: For structural steel, .03 for reinforced concrete, .02 Where _ = segment length between plastic hinges in the structural element, in inches(mm) Xm = mR/Ke, inches (mm) Ke (kPa/mm) = effective elastic stiffness of the structural element psi/in,

The dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete shall be 1.25 the static value. 3.2.3 Required Rebound Resistance Required rebound resistance opposite in direction to R shall be determined in accordance with ASCE Manual 42 or an equivalent acceptable method and shall not be less than 75% of undamped rebound, or 25% of dynamic resistance as set out in para. 3.2.2 above, whichever is greater. 3.2.4 Load Combinations Required dynamic resistance (R) to blast loads shall be combined with other loads as follows:U = D + L + R where: U = total required resistance D = dead loads, or their related internal moments and forces L = live loads, or their related internal moments and forces Required rebound resistance shall normally be considered in combination with dead loads only. Resistance to blast loads shall not be considered in combination with wind or earthquake. 3.3 Structural Design Requirements Dynamic capacity of any structural element shall be determined according to the plastic design method for structural steel and the ultimate strength method for reinforced concrete as provided by CSA Standards S16 and A23.3 respectively, or A.I.S.C. specifications and A.C.I. standards; except that: (a) Dynamic strengths of materials per sections 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 shall be used. (b) Capacity reduction factors () can be increased by 10%. (c) 3.3.1. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete shall be 1.25 times the static value.

Dynamic strengths of structural and reinforcing steel.

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION BLAST RESISTANT CONTROL BUILDINGS

Relative to conventional specified minimum yield strengths fy For steels with fy 60 ksi (415 Mpa) Direct tension or flexure (fdy) Direct compression Shear (fdv) For steels with fy >60ksi (415mpa)(2) Direct tension or flexure (fdy) Direct compression Shear (fdv) 1.1fy 1.8 Fa(1) but fdy 0.55 fy 1.2 fy 2Fa(1) but fdy 0.60 fy

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Fa is the allowable compressive stress per Part 1 of A.I.S.C. specifications, or per CSA standard S16. Use of steel in this category requires prior approval by the Owner. 3.3.2 Dynamic strengths of concrete, psi (MPa) Relative to 28-day standard cylinder compressive strength, f1c in psi (Mpa)(3) Axial or flexural compression (f1dc) 1.25 f1c Shear, direct (Vd) 0.20 f1c Shear, diagonal tension (Vdc) Bond on deformed bars (Ud) Direct tension (fdt) Bearing (fbc) Notes: In no case shall f 1c be less than 3000 psi (20 MPa) 3.3.3 Additional Structural Design Requirements. (a) (b) The span between supports of a structural element shall be limited to a maximum of 60 feet (18m). Reinforced concrete roof slabs and external walls shall be doubly reinforced. The amount of reinforcement on each face shall be between 0.25% and 2% of the effective cross sectional area. Slabs and walls shall be a minimum of 5 inches (125mm) and 8 inches (200mm) in thickness respectively. Frames and shear walls shall be designed in accordance with NBC of Canada Commentary J & K for seismic design, or the special provisions for seismic design contained in A.C.I. 318, Appendix A, except as modified herein. Structural steel structures shall be designed with stiffeners and bracing to prevent local or general buckling before full plastic capacities are developed in individual members. Joints and connections shall be capable of developing the full capacities of the connected members. Structures must not be designed incorporating elements consisting of unreinforced concrete, masonry (concrete blocks, bricks, etc.) precast concrete, or other materials of limited ductility. Supports for equipment suspended from roofs shall be designed using normal static allowable stresses to resist a horizontal or vertical force equal to three times the weight of the equipment. Provision shall be made to accommodate horizontal movement of the roof.

2.25 f1c (0.187 f1c) 0.15 f1c 7.5 f1c(0.622 f1c ) 0.85 f1c

(c)

(d)

(e) (f)

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION BLAST RESISTANT CONTROL BUILDINGS

(g)

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Floor supported equipment such as lockers, electrical cubicles and tubing racks shall have a minimum clearance from the outside walls commensurate with the anticipated displacement of the building under blast loads, or 1.5 inches (40mm), whichever is greater.

3.4

Foundation Design (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Foundations shall be designed for the maximum values of the dynamic reactions resulting from the following, taken simultaneously in combination: Peak reflected pressure (Pr) acting on any one wall. Roof loading (Pf) Applicable dead and live loads. The maximum value of the dynamic reaction can be considered as the reaction to the total structural resistance (U) applied as a static load. The durations and time phase relationships shall be disregarded. In no case shall the capacity of any foundation be less than the ultimate static capacity of the structural system it supports. Allowable dynamic soil bearing pressures shall be based on the results of a soils investigation carried out in accordance with BS 5930:1981 Code of Practice for Site Investigations and a consideration of permissible total and differential settlements. The foundation shall be designed so that the safety factor against overturning due to the unbalanced lateral dynamic reactions is not less than 1.2. Passive resistance of the foundation, where required in addition to friction to resist sliding, shall be at least 1.5 times the unbalanced lateral load. The unbalanced lateral load is defined as the total horizontal dynamic reaction force less the frictional resistance. For piled foundations the allowable vertical load under blast condition shall be 0.8 times the ultimate static capacity or 2.5 times the conventional allowable load, whichever is less. Where piles are required to resist lateral movements of the structure, they shall be designed as follows, or equivalent owner approved: If only vertical piles are used, the combined ultimate lateral capacity of the piles and the passive resistance of the foundation walls and footings shall be equal to, or greater than 1.5 times the full lateral resistance required. Where batter piles are used, the allowable lateral resistance of the foundations shall be taken as 0.8 times the ultimate lateral load capacity of the batter piles or 0.5 times the combined ultimate lateral load of the pile system plus the passive resistance, whichever is the greater. (k) Loss of passive resistance of the foundation walls and/or footings arising from possible excavation in the future shall be considered in the design.

(f)

(g) (h)

(i) (j)

4.0

DOORS AND OPENINGS (a) Doors in external, blast resistant walls shall be designed dynamically within the elastic range (m = 1) for a blast impulse of 25 p.s.i. (172 kPa) for 20 milliseconds unless blast attenuators are used. Doors shall open outward and shall be supported on all edges by the door frames. No door shall be recessed more than one half of its width into the building.

(b)

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION BLAST RESISTANT CONTROL BUILDINGS

(c) (d)

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Latch and hinge mechanisms shall be capable of withstanding the door rebound loading. Openings such as vent intakes and fume hoods shall be designed for blast effects. Such openings shall by location, use of blast attenuators or other means, prevent entry of shock waves and debris into personnel and critical equipment areas. The total area of all openings, excluding doors, shall be limited to 0.002 ft2 /ft3 (0.0066m2/m3) of the building volume. The total area of openings on any one side of the building shall not exceed one-half this limit. Windows are not permitted. Blast resistant doors and associated hardware shall be designed and fabricated by a Vendor/Contractor approved by the Owner.

(e)

(f) (g)

5.0

AIR-CONDITIONING Blast-resistant control buildings shall be deemed to be located within hazardous areas and therefore must be designed to prevent the entry of flammable or toxic vapours and gases. Refer to GES B.01 and GES B.12 for detailed guidance on mechanical and electrical services.

6.0

INTERNAL FINISHES Refer to Specification GES B.01 for recommendations and requirements for internal finishes.

7.0

SERVICES (a) (b) (c) Refer to Specification GES B.01 for recommendations and guidelines for drainage and sanitary requirements, water services, electrical, lighting and fire safety and protection. For detailed electrical requirements refer to GES L.27. For air-conditioning and ventilation requirements refer to GES B.12.

8.0 8.1

INSPECTIONS Construction work will be inspected at all stages. Contract and design documentation shall make due allowance for this requirement, clearly setting out inspection procedures and programmes, which shall be submitted for Owner approval prior to the commencement of work. Because of the complexity of internal components in control buildings, particular care shall be taken to ensure and indicate the orderly arrangement within the Vendor's/Contractor's programme, of inspections prior to the formal handover of buildings to the Owner. The inspection procedures requirements are covered by the document "General Conditions of the Purchaser" which forms part of the Purchase Order/Contract. Additional requirements are given below: The Vendor/Contractor shall allow the Inspector free access to all areas of manufacture, fabrication, assembly and testing. The Vendor/Contractor always has the responsibility to provide adequate control and inspection of equipment and materials. Any inspection by the Owner or his Inspector shall not relieve the Vendor/Contractor of these responsibilities or those under his guarantees.

8.2

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9.0 9.1

TESTING Statutory Testing Specification and related documentation shall state the type of tests to be performed, acceptance criteria, the source and types of testing equipment, the requirements for test reports and the qualified personnel to preform the tests. Comprehensive and exhaustive testing will be carried out of all components, systems and sub-systems within the building, in the presence of the Owner's representative(s). Vendors/Contractors shall indicate their allowance for these activities in their construction programmes.

9.2

Test Procedures The Vendor/Contractor shall submit all the necessary test procedures in writing to the Owner for approval prior to the start of the testing programme.

9.3

Test Certificates Testing certificates shall be issued by the specialised Inspection Authorities when all test procedures are successfully complied with. Testing certificates shall be issued for the following: Fire regulations Alarms and sound systems Air-conditioning and ventilation systems Electrical distribution Health and Safety certificates for the working environment.

9.4

Performance Testing As required by the Purchase Order/Contract the Vendor/Contractor shall carry out a performance test on the plants and all the equipment at site.

10.0

DOCUMENTATION Refer to the documentation section of GES B.01 for general requirements for control buildings. For blastresistant control buildings, Vendors/Contractors shall in addition include their calculations for the blast resistance of the building structure.

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