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    IPPR
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    This is the first edition of the Youth Tracker – a quarterly newsletter looking at how Britain’s young people are faring in the recession, and what we can do to support them. The aim of this newsletter series is to focus on what the recession – and the recovery when it comes – mean for the most disadvantaged young people, particularly those not in employment, education or training. We have gathered new insights and opinion from key academics and policy experts, and provide a round-up of new research, statistics and news about what is happening on the ground.

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    Youth Tracker newsletter

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    This is the first edition of the Youth Tracker – a quarterly newsletter looking at how Britain’s young people are faring in the recession, and what we can do to support them. The aim of this newsletter series is to focus on what the recession – and the recovery when it comes – mean for the most disadvantaged young people, particularly those not in employment, education or training. We have gathered new insights and opinion from key academics and policy experts, and provide a round-up of new research, statistics and news about what is happening on the ground.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    96 просмотров12 страниц

    Youth Tracker Newsletter

    Загружено:

    IPPR
    This is the first edition of the Youth Tracker – a quarterly newsletter looking at how Britain’s young people are faring in the recession, and what we can do to support them. The aim of this newsletter series is to focus on what the recession – and the recovery when it comes – mean for the most disadvantaged young people, particularly those not in employment, education or training. We have gathered new insights and opinion from key academics and policy experts, and provide a round-up of new research, statistics and news about what is happening on the ground.

    Авторское право:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 12

    YOUTH

    tracker
    Issue1,Summer2009
    Reportingonchallengesand
    solutionsforyoungpeopleinthe
    UK,duringrecessionandrecovery

    Contents
    WelcometothefirsteditionoftheYouthTracker –aquarterly
    newsletterlookingathowBritain’syoungpeoplearefaringin AssessingtheDownturn 1
    therecession,andwhatwecandotosupportthem. ExpertInsights 4
    YoungpeoplegrowingupinBritaintodayaremoretechnology- PaulGregg 4
    literatethaneverbefore,andareexposedtoanincreasingly DavidWilletts 5
    globalisedworldwith,intheoryatleast,awealthof
    opportunities.Butforthoselivinginourmostdisadvantaged CouncilsChallenged 6
    communitiesinparticular,findingapathtoasolidfuturecanbe TheThirdSector’sResponse 7
    verychallenging,especiallyinthesedifficulteconomictimes. PolicyNewsandAnalysis 8
    Theaimofthisnewsletterseries,therefore,istofocusonwhat NewResearch 9
    therecession–andtherecoverywhenitcomes–meanforthe ResearchandStatistics 10
    mostdisadvantagedyoungpeople,particularlythosenotin
    employment,educationortraining. Inbrief 12

    Wehavegatherednewinsightsandopinionfromkeyacademics Acknowledgements 12
    andpolicyexperts,andprovidearound-upofnewresearch, Contactus 12
    statisticsandnewsaboutwhatishappeningontheground.
    Downloadadditionalcopies
    Ofcourse,wewanttomakesurethattheYouthTracker becomes
    ofthisnewsletterat
    avaluableresourcefor
    everyoneworkingwith www.ippr.org/youthtracker
    youngpeople,sopleaselet
    TheInstituteforPublicPolicyResearchis
    usknowwhatyouthink– theUK’sleadingprogressivethinktank,
    seethebackpageforhow producingcuttingedgeresearchand
    togetintouchwithus. innovativepolicyideasforajust,
    democraticandsustainableworld.
    CareyOppenheim, www.ippr.org
    Co-director,ipprandShaks
    Ghosh,ChiefExecutive,PrivateEquityFoundation ThePrivateEquityFoundation(PEF)was
    setuptoempoweryoungpeopletoreach
    theirfullpotential.Itdoesthisby
    investingbothmoneyandexpertisefrom
    theprivateequitycommunity,tohelp
    excellentcharitiesachieveastep-change
    intheirimpact.
    www.privateequityfoundation.org
    AssessingtheDownturn
    Webeginthisfirstedition
    ofYouthTracker withan
    in-depthassessmentofwhat
    the recessionmeansfor
    Britain’syoungpeople

    Althoughthepathofthisrecessionis
    difficulttopredict,mostexpertsagree
    thatyoungpeoplearelikelytobehit
    particularlyhard.Around28percentof
    theincreaseinunemploymentsincethe
    beginningof2008isaccountedforby
    “Youngpeoplefindthattheirrelative
    youngpeopleaged18to24,although inexperienceandlowlevelofskillsputthem
    theyonlymakeupabout14percentof firstinthefiringlinewhenemployersneedto
    theworking-agepopulation.
    Officialstatisticsshowthat
    makecutbacks”
    unemploymentamong18to24year
    timehigh,butamong16and17years Meanwhile,thoseyoungpeoplewho
    oldsstoodat17percentinthethree
    notineducationortraining, areinworkfindthattheirrelative
    monthstoApril2009,with695,000
    unemploymentisparticularlyhigh,at inexperienceandlow-levelskillsput
    peopleinthisagegroupnowoutof
    nearly30percent.Theranksof themfirstinthefiringlinewhen
    work.Thisrepresentsariseof185,000
    unemployedyoutharelikelyseea employersneedtomakecutbacks.It
    sincethebeginningof2008.Therehas
    furtherinfluxoverthesummeraslarge alsobecomesmoreriskyforemployers
    beenasimilarriseinthenumberof
    numbersofyoungpeopleleavefull- totakeonyoungpeoplewholacka
    youngpeoplewhoarenotin
    timeeducation. provenworkrecordwhenexperienced
    employment,educationortraining(so-
    olderworkersarequeuinguptotake
    called‘NEETs’),withfurtherincreases
    Extrarisk newvacancies.
    likelyastherecessioncontinues.
    Youngpeopletendtosuffermorethan TheGovernmentexpectsthe
    Thesedramaticrisesinunemployment
    otherworkersinarecessionbecauseas economytobegrowingagainbythe
    amongyoungpeopleareparticularly
    demandforproductsfalls,companies’ endofthisyear,butmostexperts
    concerningbecauseyouth
    firstreactionisoftentostophiringnew thinkarecoverywillbedelayeduntil
    unemploymentintheUKhasremained
    staff.Thismakesitmoredifficultfor 2010.However,thereisno
    highoverthelast12yearswhile
    school-leaversandgraduatestofinda disagreementthatunemploymentwill
    unemploymentoverallwasrelatively
    job.Asurveycarriedoutbythe continuetoriseandthereisabroad
    low.Whenemploymentlevelspeakedin
    CharteredInstituteforPersonneland consensusthatitwillpeakataround3
    2005,justover10percentof18to24s
    DevelopmentinMayfoundthathalfof million–closeto10percentofthe
    wereunemployed,comparedwithjust
    employerswerenotplanningtorecruit labourforce– atsomepointin2010,
    under5percentofworking-ageadults.
    anyschoolleaversorgraduatesthis upfrom2.26millioninthethree
    Participationineducationortraining
    summer. monthstoApril2009.
    among16to17yearoldsisatanall-

    2 YOUTHTRACKERIssue1,Summer2009 | ippr | PrivateEquityFoundation


    Thisisbadnewsforyoungpeople. similarriseinapplicants.Scotland’s addsextrariskstoattemptsto
    TonyDolphin,SeniorEconomistatippr, CollegesPrincipalsConventionestimates re-engagevulnerableyoungpeople.
    predictsthatunemploymentamong thatapplicationshaverisenbyathird Fiercecompetitionforjobswillmakeit
    thoseaged16to24willincreasefrom acrosstheboard,withdemandforplaces verydifficultforyoungpeople
    888,000inthethreemonthstoApril doublinginsomecolleges. completingbasiccoursesliketheEntry
    2009toapeakof1.1millionin2010. Ineffect,therecessioncouldmean toEmployment(E2E)programmeto
    Atthispoint,theunemploymentrate thattheGovernment’splantoraisethe takethenextstepintowork.As
    forthoseaged16to17couldbeas participationageinEnglandto18 ProfessorMalcolmPayne,Headofthe
    highas33percent,whilefor18–24 happenssoonerthanintended.This YouthAffairsUnitatDeMontfort
    yearoldstheratewillbeabove20per mightevenbeonepositiveside-effectof University,says,“althoughthereare
    cent. thedownturn.TheGovernmenthas fairlyrobustsystemsinplaceinorder
    Thelong-termeffectsofyouth announcedextrafundingtoensurethat topickupandrespondtoyoung
    unemploymentarewell-documented. every16and17yearoldhasaplacein people,thequestionthenbecomes,
    “Peoplewhoexperiencelongdurations educationortraining.However, whatcanthosesystemsoffer?”Ifthe
    ofunemploymentintheiryouthstill questionsremainaboutthecapacityof currentjobsmarketmeanstheycannot
    havesizeablewagepenaltiesintheir theeducationsystemtoabsorblarge offerverymuch,thenthereisariskof
    forties”,saysPaulGregg,Professorof numbersofadditionalstudents. creatingfurtherdisillusionmentamong
    EconomicsattheUniversityofBristol. TheGovernmenthasalsoimposeda youngpeople.
    Seepage4foraninterviewwith caponuniversityplacesforthenext Thechallengeistocombine
    ProfessorGregg. academicyear,whichcouldmeanthat large-scaleemploymentandtraining
    Withthisinmind,theGovernment around80,000would-bestudentsmiss programmesforthemajoritywith
    announcedamajorjobcreation outonaplace.Thecontroversialcapis specialistsupportforthemost
    programmeinthisyear’sBudgetto partlyaresultofTreasuryfearsaboutthe vulnerableyoungpeoplethatdoesnot
    makesurethateveryyoungperson costsoffundingtheextrademand necessarilyhingeongettingtheminto
    whohasbeenoutofworkformore createdbytherecession.Butitcould workortraining.Yet,asour
    than12monthshasaccesstoajobor meanthatwell-qualifiedyoungpeople ‘Respondingtorecession’featureon
    training.Doneproperly,thiskindof whowouldratherbestayingonin pages6–8demonstrates,thiscanbe
    programmecouldhelptoreducethe educationareforcedtolookforwork, difficultwhenfundingforyouth
    impactofyouthunemployment,but potentiallyout-competinglessable servicesandre-engagement
    questionsremainabouthowthe youngpeopleforwhomworkistheonly programmesareunderpressure.
    schemewillwork.Turntopage8fora option. Itisalsoworthconsideringthewider
    moredetailedlookatthe FutureJobs impactsofrecessionandeconomic
    Fund. Notjustjobsandcourses uncertaintyonyoungpeople.
    Itmakessensetochannelresources Althoughthefocusisoften,rightly,on
    Backtoschool towardsgettingasmanyyoungpeople workandeducation,theeffectsof
    Youngpeopleareclearlyawareofwhat aspossibleintowork,educationor parentalunemployment,lowincome,
    ishappeninginthejobsmarket,and training.Butindoingso,thereisa familybreakdown,anxietyandstress,
    manyareoptingtostayonin dangerthatthemostdisengagedyoung couldalltaketheirtollonthemental
    educationratherthanfaceadispiriting people,forwhomre-engagingin healthandwell-beingofyoung
    searchforwork. employmentoreducationisnota people.Thisisafurtherjustification
    AccordingtoUCAS,thebody realisticprospectintheshortterm,get forinvestmentinholisticservicesto
    responsibleforuniversityapplications, sidelinedandbecomeevenmore supportyoungpeople,alongside
    therehasbeenan8percentrisein excluded. trainingandjobcreationschemes,to
    applicationscomparedwithlastyear. Asanumberofcharities makeclear ensurethatthisrecessiondoesnot
    FurtherEducationcollegeshaveseena inourarticleonpage7,therecession createa‘lostgeneration’.

    YOUTHTRACKERIssue1,Summer2009 | ippr | PrivateEquityFoundation 3


    EXPERTINSIGHTS
    Learningfrompast forpeoplewhohavebeenoutofwork underlyingproblems,alongsidethe
    forarelativelylongperiodoftime. workexperience.
    recessions Withyoungpeople,thosethat Butparticularlywithyoungpeople
    experiencelongdurationsof aged16or17,thefirstthingyouwant
    Previousrecessionscanhelp unemploymentintheiryouthstillhave themtobedoingisnotleavingschool
    sizeablewagepenaltiesintheirforties. –youwantthemtobeineducation
    ustounderstandhowthe
    Thisisoneoftheargumentsfortrying doingseriousqualificationswhichlead
    currentdownturnmight toavoidlong-termunemployment. tolong-termemployment.Soyouwant
    affectyoungpeople.ippr themtobedoingtheLevel3
    ResearchFellowKayte KL: WhatshouldtheGovernmentbe ApprenticeshipsandA-Levelsand
    Lawton talkstoPaulGregg, doingtomaintainemploymentlevels, equivalentGNVQs,andsoon.
    ProfessorofEconomicsat particularlyinthecaseofyoung
    BristolUniversity,about people? KL: Somepeoplearesayingthatthe
    lessonsfromthepastand Governmentshouldbringforwardits
    PG:Therehasbeenalotofdiscussion planstoraisetheparticipationage,but
    prospectsforthefuture
    abouttheideaofajobsguarantee. thenthereisaconcernthattheright
    Thisisnotbrand provisionisn’tinplaceyet.Wheredo
    KayteLawton: Whatdoes new,peoplehave youstandonthatissue?
    theevidencefromprevious doneitbeforeand
    recessionstellusaboutthe we’vegottolearn PG: Idon’tthinkwecandoitquickly
    long-termeffectsof thelessonsof enough.Buttherearethingsthatwe
    unemployment,particularly whatdidand candonow.Firmswilllayapprentices
    foryoungpeople? didn’twork. offduringarecessionsoweneedtoget
    peopletostayintheapprenticeshipbut
    PaulGregg:Ifyoulose basedatFE[FurtherEducation]colleges
    yourjobduringa
    “Young untilanewemployercanbefound.
    recession,whenyoustart peoplewho [Thisisnowanoptionformany
    workagain,youwillhavealowerwage. experience apprentices.]Youcouldalsoperhaps
    Thatlowerwageismadeupoftwo longdurationsof increasetheEducationMaintenance
    elements: Allowancefromthisautumn,andmake
    oneistheinitialimpactoflosing
    unemploymentintheir itavailabletopeopledoingvocational
    yourjob,andtheotheristhelonger youthstillhavesizeable coursesaswell.
    you’reoutofwork,theloweryour wagepenaltiesintheir Ialsothinkthewhole16and17year
    wagesarewhenyoueventuallystart oldpictureatthemomentintermsof
    workingagain.
    forties” benefitsisamess.Therearevarious
    Nowtheinterestingthingaboutthat Firstly,youneedtohaveaperiodof fall-backbenefitswhichtheycanget
    isthattheimpacteffecttendsto intensivejobsearchactivitybeforethe insteadofJSA[Jobseeker’sAllowance]
    recover,sotwotothreeyearslater periodofworkexperiencekicksin, butthere’snofocuswithinthose
    you’veclawedbacktheinitiallossin whichseemstobeintheFlexibleNew benefitsonwherethepersonisgoing.
    wages.Butthedurationeffect–the Deal,sothat’sprettywellthere. Whatweneedisaneducationand
    effectofbeingoutofworkforalonger Secondly,theworkneedstobepart- trainingallowanceforyoungpeople
    periodoftime–thatisthescarring time,sotheindividualhastimetodo whichworksinasimilarwaytoJSA,
    effect.Wagesdonottendtorecover jobsearchanddealwiththeir butwiththefocusonlookingforand

    4 YOUTHTRACKERIssue1,Summer2009 | ippr | PrivateEquityFoundation


    movingintofull-timeeducation,rather othercountriesbroughtdowntheir choicescouldaffecttheirfutures.Many
    thanmovingintowork. NEETrateintheboomyears,the willnotevenconsidertheoptionof
    Forthe18-plusgroupofNEETs, numberswereincreasinghere.Perhaps universitysimplybecausetheirparents
    withinthejobsguaranteeidea,itis mostshockingly,wearealowly didn’tgo,ortheydon’tknowanyone
    rightthatthereisaneducationor twenty-fifthoutoftwenty-nineinthe likethemwhohasgonetouniversity.
    trainingoption,aswellasawork OECDleaguetableforNEETs. Thedeclineinqualityofcareersadvice
    option.Thisisparticularlythecase AnilluminatingstudybyRathbone sincetheestablishmentofConnexions
    wheretheyoungpersonhasarecordof andtheNuffieldFoundationfound hasbeenacalamityanditwillbea
    loweducationalachievementsofar, thatmostyoungpeoplewhoareNEET priorityofourstoputthatright.
    whichisabigpredictoroflater haveremarkably‘normal’aspirations: OneofRathboneandNuffield’skey
    employment. toowntheirownhome,findasecure findingssuggestedthatmanyNEETs
    jobanddriveanicecar.Yetthesame weresodisillusionedbytheirschool
    Alongerversionofthisinterviewis groupstruggletoidentifythepathways experiencethattheywouldonlybere-
    availableatwww.ippr.org/youthtracker toachievingthoseaspirations.The engagedoutsideaclassroom
    studyconcluded:“theissueisperhaps environment.TheConservativeshave
    ProfessorGreggisalabourmarket lessaboutraisingaspirations,andmore explainedhowwewillsetaside£100
    expertwhohasadvisedgovernmenton aboutprovidingthemeanstorealise millionfromtheTraintoGainbudgetto
    welfarereformaswellaswriting
    existingaspirations.”Thishasdeep fundlearningopportunitiesdesigned
    extensivelyonyouthemployment.
    implicationsforpolicymakers. specificallytoappealtoNEETs.
    Aprimaryroleforthenew
    Conservativethinking DepartmentforBusiness,Innovation “Weneedastreamlined
    andSkillsshouldbetooversee
    transitionsfromchildhoodto
    FurtherEducation
    DavidWillettsMPdescribes FundingCouncilthat
    adulthood–fromschooltofurther
    howtheConservativeswould educationand allowsFEcollegesto
    addressthe‘NEETs’issue ultimately respondtolocalneeds
    employment.
    Thismeans
    andletsinvoluntary
    Thereisawealthoftalent andprivateproviders”
    creatinga
    andpotentialinouryoung
    streamlined
    peopletoday.WheneverI
    Further Ourotherproposalsincludeabig
    visitcolleges,universitiesand
    Education expansioninapprenticeshipsandan
    trainingfacilities,Iamstruck
    Funding apprenticeshipclearing-housetomake
    bythecreativityandhard
    Council, sureapprenticesdonotbecomeNEETs
    workofsomanystudentsand
    allowingFE iftheiremployersgooutofbusiness.
    apprentices.Buttoomanyare
    collegesto ThehugeNEETproblemisoneofthe
    leftbehindandwearein
    respondtolocalneeds mosttragiclegaciesofthisLabour
    dangeroflettingawhole
    andlettinginvoluntaryandprivate Government.Thecombinedeffectof
    generationfallvictimtotherecession.
    providers.Anditmeansproviding ourpolicieswouldbetoofferthe
    Attheendoflastyear,therewere
    independent,professionalcareers practicalhelpyoungpeopleneednow
    860,00016to24yearoldsinEngland
    advicetoeverysecondaryschoolpupil, morethanever.
    notineducation,employmentor
    distinctfromtheexistingConnexions
    training.Oneineightyoungpeople
    mish-mash. DavidWillettsisConservativeMP
    was‘NEET’atthestartofthedecade;
    Toomanypupilsaregivenno forHavantandShadowSecretary
    thatratioisnowoneinseven.
    guidanceonhowGCSEandA-Level forUniversitiesandSkills.
    Internationalcomparisonsshowthatas

    YOUTHTRACKERIssue1,Summer2009 | ippr | PrivateEquityFoundation 5


    Councilschallenged
    Howareorganisations
    workingontheground ‘BetterBrighterFutures’
    tacklingthechallengesthrown
    upbytherecession?Here, CumbriaCountyCouncil
    threelocalcouncilsleading Cumbriahasadoptedtheinnovativeuseof
    effortstoreducethenumber ICTasawayofovercomingsomeofthe
    ofNEETyoungpeopletell challengesofdeliveringhighquality
    servicesinasparselypopulatedarea.The
    theirstories
    councildevelopedanelectronicIndividual
    LearningPlantohelpyoungpeopleplan
    Beaconcouncils
    transitionsafterage16,andemployeda
    TheBeaconSchemewasestablishedto numberofoutreachworkerstoworkwithyoungpeoplewhohad
    rewardandsharebestpracticeinservice difficultiesaccessingservices.
    deliveryacrosslocalgovernment.
    CouncilsareawardedBeaconstatusin SheffieldCityCouncil
    tendifferentthemesbydemonstratinga OfficialsinSheffieldhavefocusedonworkingwithlocalemployers,andh
    elpingto
    clearvision,excellentservicesanda buildrelationshipsbetweencolleges,schoolsandbusiness.Thishashelpedto
    desiretoinnovate. improvetherangeofvocationallearningoptionsavailableforyoungpeople,an
    dto
    ThecouncilsofSheffield,Cumbriaand ensurethatlearningopportunitiesarecloselylinkedtothekindsofjobsthatar
    e
    WolverhamptonwereawardedBeacon likelytobeavailablelocally.
    statusunderthe‘BetterBrighterFutures’
    themelastyear.Thistheme WolverhamptonCityCouncil
    focusesonthe14–19agenda,
    Wolverhamptonhaspioneeredcollaborationsbetween
    withanemphasisonraising
    schoolsandthirdsectorproviders,whichenablethemto
    participationandthequalityof
    provideatailored,non-classroombasedserviceto
    outcomes.
    youngpeopleatriskofbecomingNEETat16.The
    FortheBetterBrighterFutures
    councilalsoworkedwithlocallearningprovidersto
    Beacons,itistooearlytoknow
    developachartertoensurethateveryyoungperson
    whatthepreciseimpactofthe
    hasaccesstoappropriate,high-quality,14-19learning
    recessionwillbe.“Wehavenotfelt
    opportunities.
    anythingyetreallyandwedonot
    expecttountilthecurrentcohortin
    [school]Year11leaves.IthasbeenOK arisebutwehavenotfeltanything becomeNEET,despitetheirownbest
    sofar,butit’stooearlytosay”,says directlyatthemoment.” efforts”,saysPrice.“Icanseealotof
    AdrienneCarmichael,CountyManager Nevertheless,theBeaconcouncils frustrationandtheymayfeelcheated”,
    forContinuousLearningatCumbria arebracingthemselvesfornew headds.
    CountyCouncil.Shereflectsthe challenges,particularlyfortheNEET
    uncertaintyoverhowpost-16routes group.“IcannotseehowtheNEET Buildingonexisting
    mightchangeoverthenextfewmonths. problemcannotgrow.Thetypesof strengths
    “It’sallanecdotalatthemoment”, learningprogressionthatareattractive
    Wolverhamptonplanstobuildonits
    saysJohnPrice,DeputyHeadof totheNEETclienteleisgoingtorely
    currentwork.“Wehaveastrategythat
    14–19LearningatWolverhampton onemployment,andifthatisnot
    worksandwehavekidsengaged.The
    Council.“Weareexpectingissuesto there,thechancesaretheywill

    6 YOUTHTRACKERIssue1,Summer2009 | ippr | PrivateEquityFoundation


    recognitionofourBeaconstatus DeeDesgranges,StrategicSupport Cumbriafacesauniquesetof
    providessomereassuranceofthat.So ManagerforLifelongLearningand challenges,asthecountyhasa
    wehavecreatedaplatformweare SkillsatSheffieldCityCouncil,feels relativelysmallgroupofNEETs,but
    goingtosticktoandcontinueto thatworkingcloselywiththethird significantnumbersofyoungpeople
    developdespitetherecession”,says sectorwillhelpensuretheycandeliver ‘injobswithouttraining’.Onthis
    Price.Carmichaeladds,“wefocusalot targetedsupportatatimeofrising problem,however,Adrienne
    ofattentiononengagementactivities demandandshrinkingbudgets.“We Carmichaelsays,“wethinkthatifthe
    sowethinkwecanprobablyshoreup cancommissionfromcommunity recessionisgoingtohaveanyimpactit
    anyproblemsbeforetheygetreally organisationsintheNEEThotspots islikelytomakethatbetternot
    bad.Ourworkisaboutaddressingallof acrossthecityandtakeadvantageof worse”,asyoungpeoplearelikelyto
    theseissuessoitwilljustbemoreof thelocalknowledgethatcharities returntoeducationortrainingasthe
    thesame.” have”,saysDesgranges. jobmarkettightens.

    Thethirdsector’sresponse
    people,says:“Weareseeingmore
    Howistheeconomicclimateaffectingcharitiesworkingwith
    youngpeoplerecognisingtheneedto
    youngpeople,andwhataretheirconcernsforthefuture? getthevocationalqualificationsthat
    wehaveonoffer,sotheyactuallystand
    Themajorchallengeforeveryone enthusiasticandloyalemployeesthan achanceofgettingajobinavery
    workingwithyoungpeopleisthe someonewhofeelsover-qualified, toughmarketplace.”
    deterioratingjobsmarket,withNEET becausethatjobreallyistheir
    youngpeopleinparticularfacingextra aspiration”,hesays. Moreforyourmoney
    competition. Mostoftheorganisationswespoke Youngpeoplemaybebearingthebrunt
    “Onethingwehaveseenisa towereconcernedabouttheprospect ofthisrecession,butmanyofthe
    significantnumberofpeoplewhoare ofre-engagingvulnerableyoung organisationsworkingtosupportthem
    qualifiedapplyingforapprenticeships peoplewiththeaimofgettingthem arestrugglingtoo.Charitiesare
    ratherthangraduatejobs.Forexample, backintoworkiftherearenorealjob reportinggreaterpressuretodeliver
    universityleaversareapplyingfor opportunitieslocally.“Wehavetotryto moreforlessintheircontractswith
    apprenticeshiproleswhenpreviously keeptheyoungperson’saspirations funders,andfuturecutsinpublic
    theywouldnothave”,saysKatyHaigh, realisticintermsofwhatisonoffer.If fundingareamajorthreat.“Public
    DeputyChiefExecutiveatVital thejobisjustnotthereweencourage sectorfinancing,giventhecountry’s
    Regeneration,aLondon-based themtoconsiderotheroptionslike debt,willgetmuchtighterand
    organisationworkingindeprived volunteering”,saysBrianGibson.In charitieswillprobablybeoneofthe
    communities. thisveinTomorrow’sPeopleis firstvictims,maybenotthisyear,but
    Overcomingthereluctanceof developingasocialenterpriseto definitelynextyear”,saysAndrew
    employerstohireyoungpeoplewho provideapossibledestinationforthe Purvis,ChiefExecutiveofyouthwork
    areNEETistoughwhencompetition youngpeopleitworkswith. charityFairbridge.
    forjobsissohigh,butBrianGibson, Therearesignsthatworseningjob ProfessorMalcolmPayne,Headof
    NationalManagerforYoungPeople’s prospectsaremakingsomeyoung theYouthAffairsUnitatDeMontfort
    Servicesatemploymentcharity peoplethinkagainabouteducation University,alsobelievesthatthelackof
    Tomorrow’sPeople,believesitis andtraining.AsPeterCrossat opportunitiesforyoungpeopleduring
    possible.“Youneedtoshowthatthese Skillforce,anorganisationthathelpsto therecessioncouldcreateserious
    youngpeoplearelikelytobemore developskillsamongat-riskyoung tensionsfortheorganisationstryingto

    YOUTHTRACKERIssue1,Summer2009 | ippr | PrivateEquityFoundation 7


    workwiththem.“Ifthereisincreasing
    pressureonthefrontlinestaffwho POLICYNEWS&ANALYSIS
    havetodealwiththeseyoungpeople,
    thepotentialisforthosestafftobe BudgetReport2009–ajob JobcentrePluswillreceive£1.7billionin
    prettydespairingbecausetheyknow ortrainingforeveryyoung additionalfundingtohelpitcopewith
    thereisnotreallyverymuchtheycan person additionaldemandforitsservicesasa
    offer”,hesays. resultoftherecession.
    TheFutureJobsFund,whichprovides
    aguaranteeofajobortrainingplacefor Newminimumwagerates–
    Findingawaythrough all18to24yearoldswhohavebeen andwhattheymeanfor
    Inresponsetofundingpressuresfrom claimingJobSeeker’sAllowancefor12 youngpeople
    localcouncilsandotherfunders,the months,wasthecentrepieceoftheApril
    charitieswespoketowereclearly Budget.Placementswillbepart-time InMay,theGovernmentannounced
    focusingon‘operationalexcellence’and andlastforatleastsixmonths,withthe thattheNationalMinimumWagefor
    valueformoney.Butmanywere Governmentinvesting£1.4billioninthe youngpeopleaged18to21willriseto
    concernedthatfinancialpressureswould programmeovertwoyearstocreate £4.83anhourinOctober2009,up6p
    addtofunders’reluctancetoinvestin 150,000jobs.Participationisnot onlastyear’sfigure.Theratefor16to
    ‘softoutcomes’likeimprovementsin mandatorybutitmaybemadesointhe 17yearoldswillriseby5pto£3.57an
    confidenceandwell-being.“Thesedays future. hourandtheadultrateby6pto£5.80.
    funderswantmorefortheirmoneyand Responsibilityfordeliveringthe Thesesmallrisescomeafterrelatively
    thisleadstoafocusonhardoutcomes, programmewillrestwithlocal generousincreasesinpreviousyears
    whichifyouareworkingwithharderto authorities,workinginpartnershipwith andreflecttheincreasinglygloomy
    reachNEETyoungpeopleareharderto thethirdsector.Initially,theGovernment economicoutlook.TheGovernment
    achieveinashorttimeframe”,says wantedschemestogoliveinOctober alsoagreedtoextendtheadultrateto
    CarolJackson,13–19YouthProject 2009,butthatdeadlineisnowlooking all21yearoldsfromOctober2010,and
    DeveloperatCommunityLinks. doubtful:itplanstoannouncethe tofurtherinvestigatethecasefora
    Fundraisingisalsoakeyissueatthe winningschemesinearlyautumn, minimumwageforapprentices.
    momentandthecharitieswespoketo meaningtherewillnotbeenoughtime Thesechangeswerebasedon
    wereallkeentoreducetheirreliance forprogrammestobeupandrunningin recommendationsfromtheLowPay
    onasinglefundingstream.“Weare October. Commission,whichalsocarriesout
    awareofwhatisgoingoninthe Therearealsoconcernsaboutthelack researcheachyearintohowthe
    outsideworldandhaveafundraising ofincentivesforproviderstohelpyoung minimumwageisworking.
    strategytomakesurethatwearenot peoplefindworkwhiletheyareonthe TheCommissionisparticularly
    relyingtoomuchononeortwo scheme.Thejobswillbepart-time, concernedabouttheimpactofthe
    sources”,saysKatyHaighatVital givingparticipantsthechancetojob- minimumwageonyoungpeople’s
    Regeneration. searchwhiletheyareontheprogramme. decisionsaboutworkandeducation.It
    Inevitably,therewillberedundancies Butwithoutproperincentivesto hasfoundthatthereisnoevidence
    andcutsinservices,justwhenextra encourageproviderstohelpthemfinda thattheminimumwagehashada
    servicesareneededmost.Andrew longertermjob,youngpeoplecouldfind detrimentaleffectonyoungpeople’s
    PurvisofFairbridgesays:“Wewantto themselvesre-joiningthedolequeue participationinfull-timeeducation,or
    begrowingasanorganisation,to whenthesix-monthprogrammeends. thatithasreducedemployment
    reflectthefactthatourservicesareso Seewww.dwp.gov.uk/campaigns/ opportunitiesforyoungpeople.
    badlyneeded.Ourbusinessplanhada futurejobsfund/index.aspformore. Thefullreportisavailableat
    growthtrajectorybutforthenextthree TheChancelloralsoannounced50,000 www.lowpay.gov.uk/lowpay/report/pd
    yearsorsowearegoingtobeflat- subsidedtraineeshipsforunemployed f/7997-BERR-Low%20Pay%20
    liningandhopefullynotshrinking.” youngpeopletoworkinthecaresector. Commission-WEB.pdf

    8 YOUTHTRACKERIssue1,Summer2009 | ippr | PrivateEquityFoundation


    NewResearch
    AStitchinTime:Tacklingeducationaldisengagement
    Demos,May2009,SoniaSodhaandSilviaGuglielmi
    inbrief...
    Lookingatthecausesofpost-16exclusion,thisreportfocusesparticularlyonthe
    educationsystem.Theauthorsarguethathavinganegativeexperienceof IncreasingParticipation:
    mainstreameducationistheprimarycauseofayoungpersonbecoming‘NEET’, Understandingyoungpeopleaged16
    andthattheGovernment’sfailuretorecognisethishasledtotoomanytop- and17whodonotparticipatein
    down,ineffectivepolicies. educationortraining
    Thereportmakesanumberofrecommendationsabouthowtobuildcore (Dept.forChildren,Schoolsand
    academicskillsandsocialandemotionalcompetence,aswellasincreasingyoung Families,January2009)
    Basedoninterviewswithyoungpeople,
    people’saspirationsandengagingtheirparents.Itadvocatesanational,targeted
    thisDCSFreporttriestounderstand
    literacyandnumeracyprogrammecomplementedbyarangeoflocally-based
    why16–17sareeitherNEETorinajob
    initiatives,developedanddeliveredbylocalcharitiesandeducationauthorities. withnotraining,andhowtheycanbe
    Italsorecommendswaystoimprovetheimplementationofnationalpolicy re-engaged.
    initiativesatthelocallevel,suchasthroughbettercommissioningprocesses.The www.dcsf.gov.uk/research/data/uploadfile
    authorsareparticularlyconcernedabouttheconceptof‘scalingup’successful s/DCSF-RR072.pdf
    localinitiatives,astheevidencesuggeststhatbestpracticeoftengetslostalong
    EngagingYoungPeople:Local
    theway.
    authorityyouthwork2005–08
    www.demos.co.uk/publications/a-stitch-in-time-tackling-educational-disengagement (Ofsted,March2009)
    Thisreportpresentsevidencefrom
    inspectionsof100youthservice
    EducationforAll:Thefutureofeducationandtraining providersfrom2005to2008.It
    for14-19yearolds identifiesanoverallimprovementin
    levelsofserviceprovisionbut
    NuffieldReviewof14-19EducationandTraining,June2009,RichardPringetal concludesthatthereismuchroomfor
    improvement.
    Thisreportistheculminationofamajorsix-yearinquiryintothefutureof14–19 www.ofsted.gov.uk/Ofsted-
    learninginEnglandandWales.Theauthors’visionfor14–19educationisthatit home/Publications-and-research/Browse-a
    providesyoungpeoplewiththeknowledgeandunderstandingtogetoninlife, ll-by/Documents-by-type/Thematic-
    reports/Engaging-young-people-local-aut
    thecompetencetomakedecisionsaboutthefuture,anda‘moralseriousness’to
    hority-youth-work-2005-08
    shapetheirchoices.
    TheReviewfoundthatthecomplexityoftheEnglisheducationsystem–in ProgressionThroughApprenticeships:
    contrasttothesimplersysteminWales– makesitdifficulttomeettheneedsofall ThefinalreportoftheSkills
    youngpeopleandpromotescompetitionamongproviders.Furthermore,those Commission’sInquiryinto
    whoaremostinneed– youngpeopleinthe‘NEET’group–gettheleast apprenticeships(March2009)
    investment,withfundingbeingmainlyshort-termandproject-based. Thismajorinquiryraisesconcerns
    abouttheeffectofrecessionandthe
    Thereportrecommendsastreamliningofinstitutionsandfundingtosimplify
    Government’sfocuson14–19
    thesystemandencouragedifferentagenciestoworktogether.Thirdsector Diplomas,whichmayleadtoless
    organisationsandyouthservicesneedpredictable,long-termfundingtosupport investmentinapprenticeships.Italso
    youngpeopleoutsidemainstreameducation.Theauthorsalsoarguefortighter highlightstheneedformorefunding
    controlsonapprenticeshipssothattheyarerecognisedasprovidingthehighest for19–25apprenticeships.
    qualitytrainingopportunities. www.policyconnect.org.uk/docs/content/
    pc_apprenticeship_report-0.pdf
    www.nuffield14-19review.org.uk/cgi/documents/documents.cgi?a=206&t=template.htm

    YOUTHTRACKERIssue1,Summer2009 | ippr | PrivateEquityFoundation 9


    inbrief... Research...
    SecondChances:Re-engagingyoungpeopleineducation
    LearningtoLive:Museums,young andtraining
    peopleandeducation
    Barnardo’s,March2009,JaneEvans,DeborahMeyer,AnnePinneyandBarbara
    (ippr/NMDC,May2009)
    Thiscollectionofessays,authoredby Robinson
    expertsineducationandculture,looks
    DrawingontheexperiencesofyoungpeoplewhouseBarnado’sservices,this
    attheroleofmuseumsinyoung
    people’swellbeingandlearning.The reportmakesrecommendationsdesignedtoensurethatallyoungpeoplebenefit
    bookincludesachapterbyTim astheeducationparticipationageinEnglandrisesto18.
    Desmond,ChiefExecutiveof Theauthorsstresstheneedforpersonalisedlearningthatfocuseson‘life
    Nottingham’sGalleriesofJustice, skills’aswellasanappropriatemixofvocationalandacademiclearning.Inorder
    whichsuggeststhatmuseumsarethe todeliverthisforallyoungpeople,theyargueforanexpansionoffundingfor
    idealplacestoofferopportunitiesto 16–18educationandaclearplanforgrowthinthesector.Thisshouldbe
    NEETyoungpeople,butaradical
    matchedbyanexpansioninvocationallearningopportunitiesandaseriesofre-
    changeintheirstructureandimageis
    needed. engagementstrategiesaimedathelpingyoungpeopleovercomesocialbarriers
    www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/ tore-engagement,suchaspovertyexperiencedwithinworklesshouseholds.
    publication.asp?id=665 Thethirdsectorisalsocalledontoincreaseitsinvolvementindelivering
    services,andcouncilofficialsdelivering14–19educationareurgedtodevelop
    BestPracticeinTackling‘NEETs’: closerworkingrelationshipswithlocalemployers.
    Reportforpractitioners
    (LearningandSkillsCouncil, www.barnardos.org.uk/10942_2nd_chances_report.pdf
    December2008)
    Thisresearchidentifiesbestpractice
    forsupporting16–18yearoldswho KnifeCrime:HomeAffairsSelectCommitteeReport
    areNEETinWestYorkshire.Itmakes
    HouseofCommons,May2009
    somerecommendationsfor
    employabilityschemesandthe
    TheHomeAffairsSelectCommitteehasfoundthatalthoughcriminalactivity
    developmentoftheNational
    ApprenticeshipService. involvingkniveshasfallensincethe1990s,thereissomeevidencethatthe
    http://readingroom.lsc.gov.uk/lsc/Yorkshi numberofdeathsandseriousinjuriescausedbyknifeviolencehasrecently
    reandtheHumber/HOSTWestYorkshireRese increased.Knifecrimeislargelyconfinedtoyoungmalesfromdeprivedinner
    archreport.pdf cityareas,andtherearefearsthatcarryingaknifeisbecoming‘normal’in
    theseareas.
    RallyingTogether:Raleigh’swork
    TheCommitteefoundthataround85percentofpeoplewhocarryknives
    withdisadvantagedyoungpeople
    (ippr,February2009) saytheydosofortheirown‘protection’.Fuelledbothbymediacoverageand
    ThisstudyofRaleighInternational’s directexperiencesofknifecrime,youngpeoplebegintofeelthateveryonein
    worklooksathowinternational thelocalareacarriesaknife,sotheyneedtoaswell.
    volunteeringexperiencescanhelp Thereportadvocatestheseparatetreatmentofviolentoffendersandyoung
    improvethelifechancesof peoplewhomaycarryaknifebuthavenotcommittedaviolentoffence.The
    disadvantagedyoungpeople,and Committeesupportsstopandsearchbutwantsknifecrimedealtwithaspartof
    highlightstheadditionalsupportthat
    aviolencepreventionstrategythatviewsviolenceprimarilyasapublichealth
    theseyoungpeoplemayneed.Itfinds
    thatbeinginanunfamiliar,challenging issue.Thereportidentifiessuccessfullocalpreventativeand‘gangexit’
    evironmentcontributestopersonal programmes,whichneedtobesupportedandembeddedinotherlocal
    development. communities.
    www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/
    www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmhaff/112/112i.pdf
    publication.asp?id=643

    10 YOUTHTRACKERIssue1,Summer2009 | ippr | PrivateEquityFoundation


    ...andStatistics... inbrief...
    ParticipationinEducation,TrainingandEmploymentby
    16-18yearoldsinEngland:Firstrelease StoriesofEarlySchoolLeaving:
    Pointersforpolicyandpractice
    DepartmentforChildren,SchoolsandFamilies,June2009
    (BrotherhoodofStLaurence,April
    2009)
    NewfiguresfromtheDCSFshowanincreaseinthenumberofNEET16–18year
    olds.TheproportionofyoungpeoplewhoareNEETinEnglandrosefrom9.7 ThisAustralianpublicationfollows
    percentattheendof2007to10.3percentattheendof2008.Therearenow eightyoungpeoplewholeftschool
    around208,000NEET16–18yearoldsinEngland,overhalfofwhomareaged early,tounderstandtheimpactthat
    18.Infact,18yearoldsweretheonlyagegrouptoseeincreasesintheNEET hadontheirlaterlives.Theauthors
    population,withsmallfallsamong16and17yearolds.Thissuggeststhat18 lookatwaysofimprovingthe
    yearoldsarefacingparticularchallengeswhentheyleavefull-timeeducation. experienceofschool,bettersupport
    for‘at-risk’youngpeopleandamore
    Despitethisrise,theproportionof16–18yearoldsineducationandtraining
    ‘youth-centred’approachamong
    hasreachedarecordhigh,increasingfrom78percentin2007to79.7percentat welfaretoworkproviders.
    theendof2008.ThisindicatesthattheincreaseintheNEETpopulationhasbeen www.bsl.org.au/pdfs/Taylor_stories_of
    causedbyariseinthenumberofyoungpeopleunabletofindwork,and _early_school_leaving.pdf
    highlightstheearlyeffectsoftherecessiononyouthemployment.Thelonger
    termtrendamong16–18yearoldsshowsanincreaseinparticipationinfull-time MonitoringPovertyandSocial
    educationoverthelastdecade,coupledwithafallintheproportionofyoung ExclusioninWales2009(Joseph
    peopleinwork-basedlearning.TheproportionofyoungpeoplewhoareNEEThas RowntreeFoundation,June2009)
    TheJRFpresentsevidenceinthisnew
    remainedbroadlystable,atbetween8and10percent,overthelasttenyears.
    reporttoshowthatnearlyhalfofall
    www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000849/SFR12_2009.pdf unemployedpeopleinWalesareunder
    theageof25,showingthe
    disproportionateeffectofthe
    NEETStatistics–QuarterlyBrief(Englandonly) recessiononyoungpeople.Thereport
    alsoidentifiesapatternofincreasing
    DepartmentforChildren,SchoolsandFamilies,June2009 childpovertyinWales,atrendthatis
    occuringintherestoftheUK,too.
    ThisisthesecondstatisticalreleaseonNEETyoungpeoplefromDCSFinJune,and www.jrf.org.uk/publications/monitorin
    providesasummaryofalltheofficialdatasourcesonNEETs.UnliketheFirstRelease g-poverty-wales-2009
    describedabove,thisQuarterlyBriefprovidesdataon16–24yearoldsandshows
    thatthenumberofNEETyoungpeopleinthisagegrouproseto935,000inEngland Forthcoming…
    inthefirstquarterof2009.Thisrepresentsanincreaseof125,000comparedto
    Teenagers’Health:Whatshouldbe
    thesamequarterlastyear,andmeansthat15.6percentof16–24yearoldsare
    done?(4Children,July2009)
    NEET,comparedwith13.6percentayearago.DavidWillets,theConservative 4Childrenhasrecentlycarriedouta
    shadowministerforuniversitiesandskills,describedthissignificantriseas‘shocking seriesof‘MakeSpaceforHealth’pilots
    evidencethatyoungpeopleareindeedthevictimsofLabour’srecession’. withyoungpeoplethatidentified
    DataonNEETstendtofollowapatternthatreflectstheacademicyear,sowecan healthissuesincludingobesity,body
    expecttoseefurtherrisesintheirnumberswhendataforsummerandautumn imageandsexualandmentalhealthas
    becomeavailable.Apeakislikelyinthethirdquarter(JulytoSeptember),andthe beingmajorconcernsforthem.This
    reportisbasedonthefindingsfrom
    numbercouldclimbabove1million.TheQuarterlyBriefalsoshowsthatthe
    thosepilots,whichdeliverintegrated
    majorityofNEETyoungpeople–nearly90percent–areaged18to24,with healthsupportthroughyouthservices
    relativelysmallnumbersof16and17yearoldNEETs. andcentres.Itwillbepublishedon1
    www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/STR/d000751/NEETQuarterlyBriefQ12009.pdf July2009.

    YOUTHTRACKERIssue1,Summer2009 | ippr | PrivateEquityFoundation 11


    inbrief... TherearefurthernewsandresearchsummariesontheYouth
    Trackerwebpages:www.ippr.org/youthtracker

    StayingOn:Makingtheextrayearsin alreadyunderwayinScotland.This
    educationcountforallyoungpeople shouldbecoupledwithincreased
    (EqualityandHumanRights effortstodemonstratethebenefitsof
    Commission,June2009) thisapproachtothepublic.
    Addressingthebarrierstoremainingin www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsand
    post-16education,thisreportfoundthat reports/publication.asp?id=673
    socialclassandgendercontinuetohave
    amajorinfluenceonyoungpeople’s TheLocalGovernmentAssociationis
    careeraspirations.TheCommissionwill launchingaprogrammeofwork
    beexploringtheimplicationsforproviding highlightingthechallengesand
    impartial,high-qualitycareersadvice, successesinworkingwithyoung
    andmakingsomewiderrecommendations peoplenotengagedineducation,
    togovernmenttoimprovetheoptions trainingoremploymentforlocal
    availabletoyoungpeople. authorities.Theprojectwillinclude
    www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploade policyanalysis,anexaminationofthe
    d_files/ehrc_education_60pp.pdf issuessurroundingthecurrentNEET
    group,opportunitiesforstakeholders
    TowardsaPopular,PreventativeYouth littlereductioninoffendingand tosharetheirperspectivesand
    JusticeSystem(ippr,June2009) reoffendingrates.Thisreportmakes examplesofbestpracticefromacross
    Moreandmoreyoungpeoplehave thecaseforanEnglishyouthjustice EnglandandWales.
    beendrawnintotheyouthjustice systemwhichispreventative,tiered Formoreinformationcontact:
    systemoverthelast10years,with anddiversionary,buildingonwork Penny.Lamb@lga.gov.uk

    Feedback
    WewouldbeveryinterestedtohearwhatyouthinkabouttheYouthTracker andothergrounditcouldcover.
    Wehaveuploadedasurveytowww.ippr.org/youthtrackerandwouldbemostgratefulifyoucouldspendfive
    minutescompletingit,sowecanmakethenextissueoftheYouthTracker evenbetter.

    YouthTracker:Acknowledgements| Contactus
    ipprandPEFwouldliketothankthefollowingpeoplefortheir
    contributionstothisnewsletter:KayteLawton,AdrianBua(researchand
    writing);DaliaBen-Galim;GeorginaKyriacou(editinganddesign);Carey
    OppenheimandSophieLivingstone.Wewouldalsoliketothankeveryone
    weinterviewedforthispublication.
    Ifyouwouldliketodiscussmakingacontributiontothenextissue,or
    haveanyothercommentsorsuggestions,pleasecontactKayteLawtonon
    02074706169/k.lawton@ippr.org

    12 YOUTHTRACKERIssue1,Summer2009 | ippr | PrivateEquityFoundation

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