Introduction

The new paradigm of teaching needs the teachers to facilitate students to

develop their competences in mathematics. The teachers also need to develop
their understanding of the nature of school mathematics and the nature how the
students learn mathematics. The nature of school mathematics lets the students
learn patterns and relationships, develop mathematical investigations skills, solve
problems and communicate their mathematics knowledge. In learning mathematics
the students need to have a good motivation and collaborate with their peers. The
teacher should facilitate individual students and give the chance to their students to
learn mathematics contextually.
In general, the purpose of designing this learning materials is to support the
school in developing effective & efficient mathematic instruction. The learning task
are designed by applying the principles of contextual Teaching and Learning. The
learning materials are expected to facilitate students:
1. to comprehend the mathematical concepts, explain the relationship between
the concepts, apply the concepts, and solve problems.
2. to learn pattern and characteristics of mathematics, practise manipulating
data, organize evidence, and communicate mathematics ideas.
3. to understand mathematical problems, develop mathematical models, and
figure out and obtain the solution of problems.
4. to communicate mathematical ideas using symbols, tables, diagrams, and
other media.
5. to develop curiosity to pursue mathematics concepts, develop awareness
of mathematics emerges in daily life, and apply mathematics to solve
problems.
The teachers are expected to use this book creatively in the learning process.
Each chapter has a member of section and task to facilitate effective and efficient
learning. The organization of each chapter is described as follows.

Directorate of Junior High School Development

Students Book - Introduction

Chapter Title and Chapter Introduction

Chapter Title
Indicates the basic competence/topic that is
presented in the chapter
Chapter Introduction
Outlines the details of the topic and the basic
competence(s) that students will learn

Concept Map
The map describes how the concepts related
to one another. The concept map helps the
student build a holistic understanding of the
subject.

Section
Indicates a sub-topic in the chapter.

Learning Objective and Key Term

States the knowledge, skills, and attitudes
that will be aquired at the end of learning.

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Mathematics for Junior High School - Year 7

Problem
The problems are designed to assist the
students in applying the concept they have
just learned.

Example
Examples show students how to solve
problems.

Task
The task are designed to help students apply
concepts in different situations.

Real World Context

Relates mathematics concept to real world
problems.

Mini Lab
Helps students find concepts.

Students Book - Introduction

vii

Reflection
Assists students to reflect on their learning
experience and achievement.

Summary
Presents the main points introduced in the
chapter to help students understand the
subject.

Mid Semester Test

Mid Semester Test 1

The mid semester test 1 is evaluation phase in

the middle of first semester, and designed to
check the students mastery of the topic they
have already learned.

Mid Semester Test 2

Mid Semester Test 2

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Mathematics for Junior High School - Year 7

Helps students evaluate their learning

achievement.

Semester Test 1

Semester Test 2

Semester Test 1
Helps students evaluate their learning
achievement.

Semester Test 2
Helps students evaluate their learning
achievement.

Students Book - Introduction

ix

Contents
Preface ........................................................................................................

iv

Introduction .............................................................................................

Contents ....................................................................................................

Chapter 1

Integers ............................................................................

1.1 Integers and Their Symbols ............................................

1.2 Operations of Integer .......................................................
1.3 Problem Solving ...............................................................

2
7
29

Fractions ..........................................................................

33

2.1 Fraction and Their Forms ................................................

2.2 Operating Fractions .........................................................
2.3 Operating Decimals .........................................................
2.4 Scientific Notations ..........................................................
2.5 Problem Solving ...............................................................

34
50
65
77
81

Algebra ............................................................................

85

3.1 Algebraic Form and their Opeartions ...........................

3.2 Operations on Algebraic Fractional Form ....................
3.3 Problem Solving ...............................................................

86
93
96

Equation and Inequality ...............................................

99

4.1 Mathematical Statements ................................................

4.2 Definition of a Linear Equation with One Variable ....
4.3 Solution of Linear Equation with One Variable ..........
4.4 Linear Inequality with OneVariable ..............................
4.5 Use of Algebraic Forms in Social Arithmetic................
4.6 Problem Solving ...............................................................

100
105
108
114
122
133

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Mathematics for Junior High School - Year 7

Chapter 5

Proportion........................................................................ 137
5.1 Ratio ...................................................................................
5.2 Scaled Drawings ..............................................................
5.3 Direct Proportion .............................................................
5.4 Inverse Proportion ...........................................................
5.5 Problem Solving ...............................................................

Chapter 6

Set...................................................................................... 161
6.1 Ratio ...................................................................................
6.2 Expressing Setse ...............................................................
6.3 Cardinality of Sets ............................................................
6.4 The Venn Diagram ...........................................................
6.5 Intersection ........................................................................
6.6 Union .................................................................................
6.7 Complement and Difference of Sets ..............................
6.8 Problem Solving ...............................................................

Chapter 7

138
142
149
154
157
162
169
174
177
189
200
210
216

Angle ................................................................................ 219

7.1 Position of Two Lines and Types of Angles ................. 220
7.2 Drawing and Dividing Angles ....................................... 236
7.3 Problem Solving ............................................................... 242

Chapter 8

Quadrilateral .................................................................. 245

8.1 Rectangles ..........................................................................
8.2 Squares ...............................................................................
8.3 Parallelograms ..................................................................
8.4 Rhombuses ........................................................................
8.5 Kites ...................................................................................
8.6 Trapezoids ........................................................................
8.7 Problem Solving ...............................................................

Chapter 9

246
253
259
263
269
273
278

Tringle ............................................................................. 281

9.1 Triangles and Their Types .............................................. 282
9.2 Drawing Triangles and Their Lines .............................. 299
9.3 Problem Solving ............................................................... 306

Students Book - Contents

xi

Mid Semester Test 1 ............................................................................... 309

Mid Semester Test 2 ............................................................................... 313
Semester Test 1 ........................................................................................ 317
Semester Test 2 ........................................................................................ 321
References ................................................................................................ 327
Symbol ...................................................................................................... 328
Glossary .................................................................................................... 330
Index .......................................................................................................... 337

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Mathematics for Junior High School - Year 7