0 оценок0% нашли этот документ полезным (0 голосов)
30 просмотров4 страницы
The characteristics of the members of the kingdom Plantae are leaves with a waxy coat, a root system, which branches out, provides support, absorbs water, a stem the reproductive organ of the plant, organs, organ system, and chloroplasts. The function of antheridia and archegonia in alternation of generations is the sex organs.
The characteristics of the members of the kingdom Plantae are leaves with a waxy coat, a root system, which branches out, provides support, absorbs water, a stem the reproductive organ of the plant, organs, organ system, and chloroplasts. The function of antheridia and archegonia in alternation of generations is the sex organs.
Авторское право:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Доступные форматы
Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
The characteristics of the members of the kingdom Plantae are leaves with a waxy coat, a root system, which branches out, provides support, absorbs water, a stem the reproductive organ of the plant, organs, organ system, and chloroplasts. The function of antheridia and archegonia in alternation of generations is the sex organs.
Авторское право:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Доступные форматы
Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
1. The characteristics of the members of the kingdom
Plantae are leaves with a waxy coat, a root system, which branches out, provides support, absorbs water, a stem the provides support and is the reproductive organ of the plant, organs, organ system, and chloroplasts.
2. Non-Vascular plants have true roots, stems, and leaves
without vascular tissue. Vascular plants have true roots, stems and leaves with vascular tissues. Vascular plants are seeded. Angiosperms have seeds enclosed in a hollow ovary and gymnosperms have seeds but they are not enclosed in a hollow ovary. Cycads are another group of plants. They have taproots and small branched lateral roots. Nonvascular seed plants do not develop or reproduce like vascular plants. Moss is nonvascular just like ginkgo. Ferns are vascular.
3. The function of antheridia and archegonia in alternation
of generations is the sex organs. The archegonia is the female gametangia and archegonia is the male gametangia. Antheridia and archegonia are diploid while the generation before theirs and after is haploid. This allows the generation to alternation and survival.
4. The plant kingdom has made seed plant adaptations for
life on land. They have adapted to a system that allows for alternation of generations. They have a cell wall to protect themselves and plastids in their cytoplasm. Chloroplasts help plants get their energy from the sun. They have developed waterproof surfaces and a way to exchange gases. To survive on land plants had to make specialized cells and tissues to support themselves. The xylem and phloem were created for materials moving in and out and within the plant. Plants also had to adapted to reproduction issues. To overcome those issues pollen tubes were made, lived in moist environments, and special delivery systems just to survive on land.
5. Stoma position relates to photosynthesis because it has
to gain carbon dioxide, release oxygen, and do it all without losing water. Carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis. Gas exchange and water is required to and since both of those happen in the stoma, it controls photosynthesis.
6. Pith is internal to the vascular tissue, in the center
of the stem. It is a light, spongy substance consisting of parenchyma cells. Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants in the vascular group. It is the outer dermis. It is thick and rough. The cambium is the meristems. The cells are incompletely differentiated from one another. They are apical meristems on root tips and shoot tips. Spring wood is formed early in the season and is on the inside. It is a lighter color and forms rapidly. Summer wood is the darker wood on the outside making up the ring that is formed slower in the summer time. Heartwood is the wood that has died and won’t decay as fast. It is a colored circle, darker than the living wood and it forms with age. The other kind of wood is sapwood. It is the living wood in the tree. All wood in the tree is originally sap wood. It conducts water from the roots to the leaves.
7. Leaf medications help conserve water sometimes. Needle-
shaped leaves help control water loss. Sunken stomata help prevent excessive water loss and thick waxy cuticles help keep water in the same place. The stomata can even be moved to the inner surface to prevent water loss.
8. The most important nutrients to plants are hydrogen,
oxygen and carbon. Without these nutrients, photosynthesis could not occur and the plant would die. The other important nutrients are phosphorous, potassium, nitrogen, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and iron.
9. The role of nitrogenase to nitrogen fixation is very
important. It is the enzyme that is used to fix atmospheric nitrogen gas and it is the only known enzyme that can accomplish the task of fixing nitrogen.
10. Some nutritional adaptations observed in the plant
kingdom are parasitic plants and carnivorous plants. Parasitic plants like mistletoe supplement their nutrition made by photosynthesis by being a parasite. Other parasitic plants little Doffer do not use photosynthesis at all, but live off other plants. Another adaptation is carnivorous plants like the Venus Fly-Trap. If the soil is poor then certain plants like the Pitcher Plant will supplement their photosynthesis with insects. 11. The general features of photosynthesis are Sun and light hit the leaf, the chloroplast makes ATP, and reactions to dark and light. The leaves are made how they are so that they can catch light easily for the chloroplast. The roots are there to absorb water for the plant and minerals for energy so it can grow and produce more ATP. The plants have a stem to allow transport of the different processes in photosynthesis.
12. Pollination is what brings the male and female
gametophytes together which leads to fertilization. Without pollination, the male and female gametophytes would never be bought together and the ovary would never be fertilized and reproduction would never occur. The process for pollination starts with a pollen sac on a flower. That pollen sac will have a micro-sporocyte that will become microspores that will split and there will be 4. The generative cell will form 2 sperms which make a male gametophyte. This male gametophyte will be carried by air, insects, or other animals to another flower where it will fertilize a female gametophyte.
13. Pollination can occur when some angiosperms release
quantities of tiny pollen grains into the air. For this to work the adaptation is enormous quantities to make up for the randomness. Another way is insects or animals. The flowers make their nectar appealing and know that it will be carried to the next flower of its kind. Pollen transfer between flowers is the last way and the way that would work is the flowers would have to adapt to grow close to one another.
14. There are various types of tropism. In phototropism
plants grow towards light. In chemotropism there is growth in response to chemicals. In gravitropism there is movement in response to gravity. In Heliotropism there is movement in response to sunlight. In Thermotropism there is movement in response to temperature. In Thigmotropism there is movement in response to touch. All of these are different based on what they respond to. They all respond to different things, but all require the same things that plants need to survive. All the tropisms also are in response and can be found affecting a plant alone or together. 15. The definition of photoperiodism is the reaction of a plant to the length of a response like day or night or seasons. Long day plants are plants that bloom in late spring or the beginning of summer. Day neutral are plants that flower at a certain stage regardless of season or day length. Short day plants are plants that require less light to flower than most plants.