ouotes otr rielson ranii.

la

l-

SOIRCE: ONITEo NATIONS SECURTIY coUncIL RESoLUTION 473 (19a0) r 13 June 1t3o-

E*tract iilhe sDculiry council... urgently calls upon the south Afri.atr reqine to re1ase all political prisoners, including Nelsor rGndela and all other black leaders vith shom iL nust deal in any neaningfut discussion of the future of the

Z.

SOURCD:

{ass]ro, 20 ocrober 1980.

TIIE

CONNONiIE^LTIT ACCORD ON SOUTITEBN

'fRI'AI

"2. t7e therefo!, .all upon the auLho!1ti.s ln Pretolia for taken in a qenuine manner and aB a the follouinq natter of urgen.y:... (c) Relase tmedlately and unconditionalty Nelson Mandeta and alr others imprisoned and detained for th.i, oppositlon to apartheid. "
asE AAr. 19

"I recognise x! xandela's standing in the Black comunity in s6uth l,frlca and I share your concerh at. his .ontinued imprisonn.nt. we have nade it clea! to the south Aflican prtvately and publicty that his releae vould t,e vridely reldoned as an inpo.tant gstule of ..
SOUNCE:

STATEUENT

COUIICII], TITE IiAGUE, 2?

councll calls on the south African "... the Eulopean relea.e NeI.o. Mandela and to unconditiorally 6ther poltti.al prisonerg. ii

PNr,r,\xurll 20 irune 1980.

SOURCE: RESOIOIIOI| ADOPTED UITAN iOOSI,Y

Nerson xandela and other leaders of the African tlatlonal conqreEs in South Africa have been held in naxlnun security plison 6ince 1953,.. declares its Euppolt or the oppressed malority of th.t countly on itB 6t!ug91e for these right6, and ca]ls on the covernnent ot s6uth africa to release NeLson Mandela and the othe. nenbers of the aNc imediarery."
SoURCE: Us

i- noting that

con}R!ffi SI

rCT OP 1936-

"The united states rill work tobards thia goal (esLabllshment of a nonracial democracy) by en.ollaging the

s6uth

Afri.a to:-

(21 Release Nelson ,4andela, Govan Mbeki. walter si6u1u, black trade urion lcade.s, and arr political priaonrs."
SOUiCE: txI6SIO{ IO SOmA aIRICT! i tnE COtlltoNllEALTB REPOfiT: TEE coIlcLUsIOn OF alB coI{xoNlrEAJ,Ta EMIllEllT PERSOXS CROU! ON SOUTBERN TPRICA.

?.

dehoc!.tic Etrucure. sould still give white6 a feeUnq of s.rrity and p.lticipation, inPressed us deeply. If the GovernEent finds it.elf unable to talk rith men like xandela and Tahbo, then the futule of South Aflica ls bleat indeed." ..lembers of the ,PG arer M!. r,raicolm Frasr (co_chailnan) (co-chairman) lAustralia), Generat olusequn obas.ni6 (Nlqeria), Lorit Earber or llentb.idge (Britain), Dam Nita Rarror (Baham.s), John Malecela (rahzania), saldat s{a!an sinqh (hdia)r The xost Reverend Edrard Ualter Scdtt

in the coulse striking figures Nelson Mandera and oliver Tanbo stand otrt. Their reasonabteneEs, absn.e of rancou! anit readineEs to find neqotiated solrtions ehich, whlle creating qenuine
"Aiong Lhe nany

"' ff3::"XP$lr?:i.ixi';1'3%3" OVER TEE NORT,D).

Extract

LOFD PROVOSA OF GI'ASGOII 2OOO XAYOBS EROI{ AI'I'

t,

ii:lil;:l:r.:rl trr:r.i!l:i"iffi i',mlm!'i:I::!""'

fer. if any. political lriBoners lhose nane Is so u.ivelsally krov, a3 that of Nelsoh Mandela. The united
There can be

Nations Secu!ity CouncIl, the comonsealth, the Eulopean councilr indeed siatesnen from boih west and East, Nolth and southr are united in seekinq hi. lelease. Yet xandela
remains incalcelated

in Pletoria's

dunqeon3.
an and

by iu the rast 25 years vithout event, soneLrhere i. the wor1d, trhose aim fas to !ene,

,ardty a day has

add

goDe

slpport to the international .ampaign fo! Mandela's on the 50uth Aflican covelnment to un.onaitionally Bet hin flee i3 con.tant, hoeever, thi3 attention is trndoubtedly increased eith the advent of each anniversaly of his inpliso.4ent.
rhe fir3t lnternationa! initiative to s.cule uandelai6 reledse w.s 1n october 1963/ at the beqinning of the Rivonia Trial, lhen the 'wor1d Campaign for the Release of south afij.an Political Plisonels" vhich was raunchd, in I,ondon, elth Jeren, Thotpe as secretary, .aved xandela and hiE
co-a.cused froh the

gallois.
to

independence of zlnbabre gave new impetuB the canpaign for r,landela's .e1ease. c!3s6roots

In 1980, the

orqanisations throughout south afric. Elaited pres6ing the sundny Post neq.paperr unde! the edito!3hip ol the Iate !er.y ooboza, qawe the canpaign a national focus, when it publisheil a porerful editolial calllng fo! his lelease and organlsed a petition,hich coltected

approxirately 100,000 signatures, in iust a fev veeks. the, vere arr working touards the same end.

This ne- canpaiqn inside south Africa ra6 echoed intern.tionally, In June 1940, both The United Nations securtry council and the Eulopean Parliament unanimouEly called for r,landelars lelease. And then lt leally gathered fronentum, with nunerous honouls being bestosed on the imprisoned nan, by countless olganisations. crasgou *as the first to hake Mandela a Ereenan of the city in 1931i afte! whi.h hany others followed Buit. In that sane yea!, the of classo, initiated an appeal f,or the im'iedjate release or Nelaon, which was endolsed by over 2,000 Mayors from all over the sorld.

o. the 5th of Auglst 1932, vhlch harl(ed 20 yeals of

Mandelars cortinuous tnp!isonment,

Oliver ?anbo. the

President of the african National congress, lalnched a call ror an intensified, universal campaiqn. In response, over a nillion people signed an iiternational petition, ,hi.h {as p.esentea by Archbtshop rrevor lruddlestoh, the President of the AnLi-Apartheid the United Nations se.retary-Generar in october 1931.

rn the nost lecent period, the capaign has noved to an even hiqher level, vith a co.certed effort by the Comonvealth ahd the Europesn corncil to seek Mandela's release. The cloup on southern Africa met nelsor t'ice in Polrsmoor Plison, during its attenpts, in 1936, to pronore dialogue betreen the regine and genui.e replesentatlves of the Black najorlty. rro delesations from the European council, the first led by ,Juxnbourg roleig! rlinister rlonsietr! Poo3, in t935 and the 6econd by si! ceorfrey Itore in 1936. both visited South Afrlca to press for llandelars release. The st.lsqle continues.

CEIDREI{S

AESTII{OtrIES

Hatf the ploceeds raised fron the NeIEon Mandela 70th Eirthday .rlibure vill go to childrens' projectE in southln Africa throDgh: CAFOD, chli3tian Aidi save the childlen Fund, oxfao, qa! bn nant, IDAF' and the Bishop Anbrose

.,,';r9...1,'."'

Tua

cl -,{f./!'-"q, l1ro r,,-j\ .r't\- - r{.,&.-G h (d^ptJt ro'sd\ Gl^td+r "'^ :\oN^-rL r\'\

'

rilliam is a xagiso schoolboy of ll, rho ,aE held in detntion fo! 2 months in south Africa.
houth, and the dumy had rlre6 co.nected to it. The wires {ere connected to a socket on the wall, and when a policeran tuined or the syitch I eaperienced a jaffing effect. I also felt ercruciatinq pains io hy head. "
my

"They put a dumy

into

fi said the reason he was being toltuled ,as to lorce him to sisn Etatenents adnitting he had attacked three delivery

tru.ks rith petrot boibs. ge {as a13o aorced to lnclirinate hin6etf concerning an incident of !ne.klacingr.
Mzi!*ulu llq lapa
Nzjmkulu {as 13 years old and a nehbe! Youth co.gre.s rhen he,as detained.

of the Porr llizabeth

and chest- In 'They *ic,(ed ie and punched the police statlon t o of those holding me .onne.ted an ele.tric tube onto ny 1e9 and sait.hed it on. rt ,aB bad, I was shaklng. They Nar aekinq m. questions .bout ny friend. My nother brought ne food but they .te it. In the plisoa I eas in solitary confihenent. I uas

.rylng and Ju6t 61ttin9. alter released. !1y ears ,ere bleedtnq ana my he.d hurt. After ny release I could not stand it. Every right I

would heat gun shots, vou calnot learn

Bslr !!EEq!
Buras sas 17

'hen

he uas detained.

"{hen they sritched the pluq off thev took the dDMy out and sald I shoutd sPeak. when I rerusedi lhey put the dumy back and g{itched on again. After a lons tine thev stopped. I aas stripped and put into . refrigelated room

left thele. In the fridge it wa6 something )ike thirty minutes. rhe. thev blouqht ne out ag'in and put me back in the electric shock strit l uas then takn into anoLhe! inte..ogaLion roon. tiv hands, feet and head eere Lied around a pole and blight search lights turned on. I could not remove nv head flon those search lights' and then they brighinea them straight into mv fa'e' I felt my ind so dead. I couldnrt seeread nt this pieseit junctu!.. I vas dlzzv. r caE beaten agaih for a Bhole dav. r have Bcars on mv 'iqht hip, in nY head and on mY back."

iI went lnto the bdroon to get sonething and I heaid a banq. r rent ou! and sau a nasketl man. r turned to run I continued to try and run away but stooat uP in flont of ne anil knocked me do'n' r u:s shot in the back as I Iav on the ground."

Nelson Rolihlahla Mardera vas born on 13th Ju1y, 1914, at Unrata, in the Transkei reqion of the Ea6tern caper south Afri.a. Related to Ehe paramount chiefs of Tenbulandi in his early 20s Maidela renounced any hereditary tribal iighte and prepared fo! a leqal obtained a ategree in Lap fron the Univelsity of sorth Africa, be. e articled in t942 lnd te. years late!, set up a 1e9a1 firm in Johannesburq, ,lth Ollve! dulng their years in practice, anongst oth.! thingsr they defended hunaleds of

4fr,..ns c\a,lrcd unde. rhc apdrrhaid lr*s,

flavlng b.en interesred in the stluggle of the south African people since boyhood/ NeIson Mandela joined rhe Afric6n ational Congress (ANCI at the age of 25, ,here, together with $arter s:isulu, oliver Tarbor Anton Lembede and othels, he H.s a driving force in the establishnent of the ANC Youth league an.t in the faEt tran5formation of the ANC inlo a popular trovenenL, against'h. apa!Lhejd regin..
By 1952, already Ehorin9 stlong leadership qualities, ilandela had beeD erected President ol rhe rlansvaal branch of the ,lNc and Narional Deputy President. Follorlng this, he a.hieved even qreater national prohinence as tVolunteer rn chieft. dulinq che Defiance of Uniust la*s canpaiga, uhen thousands of p.ople .ourted atest by pencefully b!e.king

the apartheld la{s.

Fr6n 1952 ohwards, Mandela tras subjected to repeated banning orders f,hich severely restricted hia political activities. ao,ever, despite this, be co.tlnued to be the inspi!.tion and lorce behihd nany diffelent initiat{ves. For example, ln a tenporary respite flon these bans in 19s3. along rith rl.lter sisulu and Fathe! Tlevo! tluddlston, he aaldreesed a n.ss ralrY to grotest aqainst the forcetl renovats of the

inhabltants 6f sophiato{n. And thenr i! June 1955. he played a key role in the convening or the corgless of th Ereedon Chartefuas adopted. Peoples, ,here As a.estrlt of this, at d.rn on 5th Decehber 1956r the inevitable knock on the door came, ,hen he was arrested and charged vith Iriqd ,rreason. frial beqan in earneit, in Aulrst 1958, however. in Jrne of that yea!, Nelson xandela ha4ied trinnie Nofrzafro tradikizela.

Nelson andela was one of the 156 people accused in the Tria1, alising ort of the .itoption of the Ereedon Charte!. Evenlu.Iry, all ye.e acquitted, dfter . Trial uhich lasted untit xarch 1951. Hooever, duling thls ret.tlvely sh6!r period of tine, south Aflica had been transformed by the shaipevilre 2tsr Mnrch 1960, when 69 peopre vere shot de!d, du.tnq a peaceful protest aqainst the Pass Laws. The state of Energency that forloHed, atrd the banning oI the ANC and th brakawly rAC, fo.ced andela and other leaders to tevlew thir ^NC srraresy of non-violent opposirion.
unde! flandela's leadership, in ay 1961, a National Action Councir was call a thlee itay stay A! ,loner to establishmenr of the nev white nepubric of south Africa. The south Afli.an authorities ,ent all out ro suppless this action and so xandela declared:

"If the governnen! leaction is to crush by naked fo.ce our non-violent struggle. ,e ill have to re.oneider our tactics, Ih ny nind we ar closing a chapte! on thiE question of a non-violent policy." rhis sar to happen, .nd
resistance were

ras qiven the taEk of forning Umkhonto ve Sizve, of which he was th filst
Mandeta

16th 1961.

Now

oper.tine

underqround, Mandela was .bre to stip out of the country, to visit heads of state in Africa, as ,ell a6 to ftake a Bhort

sray in Briratn. Follouing his rettrrn later that yearr 5th Auqust 1962, he saB EtopPed on a road block and

on

Filst brouqht to tlial and sentenced to 5 yeats ihprisonnent, for chalges tncluding ]e.virg the countlv ir leq.lIy, he uds Lator blouqht fron p!iEon Lo rPdppear in Nunber one in lhe Rivonia Tria1, uhlch on April 20th 1961 he made hi6 opened on 9th famols "I am plepaled to die..." speech flom the dock. on June l1th, togelhet with ? of h1s co-accusedr he wa. found the aParth.id state and the guilty of pleparing rollowing itay. Jlne 12th, he ea5 sentenced to life
ovet 2, years in Piisonr hlB statule as a synbol of lesistance and as a Ieader of the peoPle of south Africa has continued !o grow throughout this tine. It is nou internationally recognised that thele can be no vithout the neaninsful Eolutior in south ^rricar undonditional release ot Mandel. and .I1 oth! political
r,lan.tela has 6Pent

of se6ka.9 to ow.!th!o, the .partheid .yst.n, on Juno 11th 1964 end sentenceil to lile
NeIEon Manilel. wa. convicted

Eis co-.ccBil, sttl1 s6rvlnE l1fe .entencoB ue:

t{alte! si.ulu, nos aged 76; Ahn d Xathr.d.r .o, .ged 5A; Andrev Mlangenl, now ageil 62, Eli.s Motsoaledi, no, agett 53r
Raymond

Mhlaba, nor .ged 63.

ir.o accc.d vltlr xaritel. Ere:

Rnsty BernEtein (,ho ,a5 aquittedl, oenis colbelg (lelased on 23th Peblualy 1985, nou
Govar

ltbekl

riving ln Brtr.ln) t (iho sas leleased on 5th ovenber 1907, dtt ia llvins unde! dlacortan restrictions in Port r1t2ab.th, sourh Afrtca,.

XBY DATES POR 'TREEDOII

EOEESDAY

15 2l 30
6

AI 70' Launch of lelson rr.ndela: Fteede Annivrsary of sha.pevilte Massncre

(re6o) and Lahqa }laEsacre (1e35) unitd nations:rnternational Dav for the lllnination of Racial Discrimination Annivotsarv of banning ol ANc and PAc
(1960 )

I9
20 22

Annivelsary of execution of solonon t\nnlve;sav of foundation of swAPO (1960) "r an prepared to Dle" statement fiom

of lette. fron Nelson xandela to r,4iniste! of Justice (19 61) !childfen, Apartheitt and Represslon in southeln Aflica', a one dly conference at the city uniwet.ity in london ,
Date

speakels include R.v BayrE

Naud

anniversary of xassinga xagsacre (19?8). rsth anniweteary of foundaEion of organlsatlon of Af!ica. unlt Rele.se of 'l,lessage froh M.ndela! ,.unire, Moblliser Fight on" (1930) Nelson t{anilela ?oth Blrthdav Trlbute
I1
_

2,tth ,\nniversary of conwiction of Nelson uan.tela anil other Rivonia T!iarlsLs 3r,rr .f Nelaon tandela Fleedoo It ar.h _ 2ath-Anniversa.y of setrtencing of Rivonla ?ri:1ists, and 2nd Annive!3a!y of tmposition of State of trmetgercy in Meerino in London to celeblate Ttevor Huddre;ron! s Tsth bilthday. lrarrtaqe anniversary of Nelson and t1linnie uandela {r958) Trevor Huddlestonr6 75th birthddy Anniversary of soweto naEEacre (1976) congress of People adopt Fleedon Chalee!
south Africa Fleedon
(1955)
DaY

t2
13 14

t5

25-26

Ahniversalv of arrest of r4andelar6 co-accused_ rn iiwonl,a Trial (1963) f,el.on rhna.ta Prd{ nallY - svile }aEt

1A

or6rnight vlgil outside south aflica Nel6on nandeta's 70th birthdav

oate of Nandlars 6riqin.l arre.t in

J/ L

'-*-*

or rinnie x&ttela

social worker. rn 1954 She narriod N.lson nandela and whlle p.eqnant ,ith hr first child (zenani) she ,6s detained fo! participating in. denonstration againEt p.sse! for African eonen. I. 1962 Afte. just a years of nalliasc Nel3on ,landela ,as i pflsoned, leaving innie Mandeta and thol! teo young daughte!5 zenani and zindzisra behind. what extended to vas initially a flve year 1ife. He has not since been letulned to his

1934 aor! tlomzaho winnie t{adiklzela i! the rran.kei south Africa, region of the fotloslng econdary educatlon, she Lralned as a

In 1976 ]\3 a leadihg

nemt'er of the Soweto Arac,( Parentrs AEaociation she w.s detained under the rntelral, security J\ct flon october to Decenber, fo1lo{ing ,hich she ,a3 banned fr@ th orsaDisation and !estricted to orlando.

rn May she vas confined to a houBe in Blandfort location fron 6 am to 5 pn and at veekends, so had no 1911 prospect of enploynent. The hou6e had no she defied thq ban Eanit.tio. o! ete.tri.ity. .fter the house vds p.trol-bohbed and retulned to So{eto, only to be charged in Auqust vlth anothet suspended sentence. ohi13t in Er.ndfort, win.ie tirelssly imer3ed herself i. comtrnity ,ork and. .nonqst other thinqs, founded a numbe! of selr-herp schenes, as *e1I as a nobife cri.ic catering for hundleds of local people, many of whofr had neve. seen the inside of a nedicar unit

In 1905 wjnnie t{ardela uas fo.cibly removed frotr he. soweto house and desplte the nost draconian restltctions has continued to be at the foreflont ol the liberation stluggle, rn ,rury The south afrlcan cov..nnent confined th.t 1936 restrictl,ons on tJtnnie. ,ho was by now livi.g in Johannesburq, had been lifted. throughou! this ttne and to aate, wlnrte M.ndela ha8 athost contirually becn hara.3ed, and detained by the seculity police - regulting in 6 banninq orders, 13 cou.t bnt only 2 convi.tton. vere proved, vhich ,esu-Led in 6ix- orlh .usp.nded senten.e6.

Th

hti-Itretheiil

xov@lt

Anti-Apartheid fou.deil in 1959. i! lespon6e to the late chief Arbert Luthull'.s appear fo! rh boycoE of south Africa. Chief Albert Luthuli ,aE then President of the J\frican National congleBE and Africar6 fi.st Nober Peace
The The

Anti-ap.ftheid uoveEent is

now

led by its Plesidenti

Archbishop Tlevor HuddleBton, the vet6!an and ti!e1.ss .6mpaiqner for freedon in southern Afrlca. It has grovn into one of tho nosE poeerful canpaignlng organisations in sritain, sith Eone 200 lo.al gloups thloughout the countlyl and is the forenost anti-apartheid hovement in the {or}d.

sinpre: To put ove! the nessage of ehlr spartheid really meanB. To pronote acti6n to i.olate .partheld south Atrica and to hobilise suppolt fo! those stlggling fo. fleedon in south Africa anal Nanibia. It has had a m.jo! impact in irfluencing public opinion aDd acheived a significant breakthrouqh in the Eporting and culturat boycotts. It is nov stepping up its genelal ofrensive for Eanctions.nd th6 talgettrng of Briti5h econonic linksr follorirg the success of lts rBoycott
Barclays'canpaign.

is highty respected in the Comonaealth and the United Natlonsr .nd lt plays . key .ole in the international 4ampaiqn aqainet apartheid.
The Anti-Apalthe:id r'rovenent

Artlst6 Against aparthid i,s th. Brltilh contrlbutlon to th. tlofldrld. @ve@nt ol a!ti.t. a.d palfolmera who !!e supPolt.ing, through thej.! .!tr the 3tru99le of th. p.ople ot South Af!1ca and Ndibia againBt aputteidIt saE eBtablished ir l9a6 follding the .ucce.. of the u.s. baE.at ArtlstE Agalnst apaltheld atrd th. rI Alnrt conna Play
A

te.ti!!r

qualte! of a nillion peopl attndeil tlr. !1Bt !re.d@ on c1.phe co@on ln June 1986.