Pipe Sizing Criteria Schedule 40 Steel S-40 Steel: 198962529.xls - Ms - Office

Skidmore, Owings + Merrill, LLP
Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.
S-40 Steel
Pipe Sizing Criteria Schedule 40 Steel

Design: 3'/100' PD , 10 fps max vel
Nominl Outside Wall
Inside
IBM-AES Piping Software Ref-Data
High: 5'/100' PD , 12 fps max vel Maxim: 7'/100' PD , 15 fps max vel
Design
High
Maxim
Pipe Diameter
Thickness
DiameterP.D. perVelocity Flow P.D. perVelocity Flow P.D. perVelocity Flow
Size
(in)
(in)
(in)
100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm) 100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm) 100 ft (ft/sec) (gpm)
0.38
0.675
0.091
0.493
3.0
0.9
0.5
5.0
1.7
7.0
2.5
1.5
0.50
0.840
0.109
0.622
3.0
1.6
1.5
5.0
2.1
7.0
2.6
2.5
0.75
1.050
0.113
0.824
3.0
2.1
3.5
5.0
2.7
4.5
7.0
3.3
5.5
1.00
1.315
0.133
1.049
3.0
2.4
6.5
5.0
3.2
8.5
7.0
3.7
10
1.25
1.660
0.140
1.380
3.0
2.6
12
5.0
3.7
17
7.0
4.5
21
1.50
1.900
0.145
1.610
3.0
3.2
20
5.0
4.3
27
7.0
5.1
32
2.00
2.375
0.154
2.067
3.0
3.8
40
5.0
4.8
50
7.0
5.7
60
2.50
2.875
0.203
2.469
3.0
4.3
65
5.0
5.7
85
7.0
6.5
97
3.00
3.500
0.216
3.068
3.0
4.8
110
5.0
6.3
145
7.0
7.6
175
3.50
4.000
0.226
3.548
3.0
5.3
160
5.0
7.0
200
7.0
8.5
250
4.00
4.500
0.237
4.026
3.0
5.8
230
5.0
7.6
300
7.0
8.8
350
5.00
5.563
0.258
5.047
3.0
6.4
400
5.0
8.3
520
7.0
10.3
640
6.00
6.625
0.280
6.065
3.0
7.7
690
5.0
10.0
900
7.0
12.2
1,100
8.00
8.625
0.322
7.891
3.0
9.0
1,400
5.0
12.0
1,900
7.0
14.1
2,200
10.00
10.75
0.365
10.02
2.7
10.0
2,500
3.8
12.0
3,000
5.8
15.0
3,700
12.00
12.75
0.406
11.94
2.1
10.0
3,500
3.0
12.0
4,200
4.6
15.0
5,200
14.00
14.00
0.437
13.13
1.9
10.0
4,200
2.7
12.0
5,100
4.1
15.0
6,300
16.00
16.00
0.500
15.00
1.7
10.0
5,500
2.3
12.0
6,600
3.6
15.0
8,300
18.00
18.00
0.562
16.88
1.5
10.0
7,000
2.0
12.0
8,400
3.0
15.0
10500
20.00
20.00
0.593
18.81
1.3
10.0
8,900
1.8
12.0
10400 2.6
15.0
13000
22.00
22.00
1.250
20.75
1.1
10.0
10500 1.6
12.0
12600 2.4
15.0
15700
24.00
24.00
1.360
22.64
1.0
10.0
12500 1.4
12.0
15000 2.2
15.0
18700
26.00
26.00
0.750
25.25
0.9
10.0
15500 1.3
12.0
18600 2.1
15.0
23300
28.00
28.00
0.750
27.25
0.8
10.0
18100 1.2
12.0
21700 2.0
15.0
27100
30.00
30.00
0.750
29.25
0.7
10.0
20800 1.1
12.0
25000 1.9
15.0
31300
32.00
32.00
0.750
31.25
0.6
10.0
23800 1.0
12.0
28500 1.8
15.0
35700
34.00
34.00
0.750
33.25
0.5
10.0
26900 0.9
12.0
32300 1.7
15.0
40400
36.00
36.00
0.750
35.25
0.4
10.0
30300 0.8
12.0
36300 1.6
15.0
45400
Schedule 40 Steel
S40-Crit
198962529.xls.ms_office
CLOSED SYSTEMS
Design Criteria:
3 Frictional Pressure Drop per 100 Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec
Figure - 1
Friction Loss for CLOSED Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel
Schedule 40 Steel
S40-Crit
Source: Carrier Systems Des
100 Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec
Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel
Schedule 40 Steel
Source: Carrier Systems Design
S40-Crit
OPEN SYSTEMS
Design Criteria:
Figure - 2
Friction Loss for OPEN Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel
Schedule 40 Steel
S40-Crit
Source: Carrier System
100 Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec
ng Systems: Schedule 40 Steel
Schedule 40 Steel
S40-Crit
COPPER
PLASTIC
Copper , Plastic
Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria
Nominal Type K Copper

Pipe Size Diameter (ins)
(ins)
Outside Inside
0.25
0.375
0.305
0.38
0.5
0.402
0.50
0.625
0.527
0.75
0.875
0.745
1.00
1.125
0.995
1.25
1.375
1.245
1.50
1.625
1.481
2.00
2.125
1.959
2.50
2.625
2.435
3.00
3.125
2.907
3.50
3.625
3.385
4.00
4.125
3.857
5.00
5.125
4.805
6.00
6.125
5.741
8.00
8.125
7.583
10.00 10.125 9.449
12.00 12.125 11.315
Nominal
Pipe Size
(ins)
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Type L Copper
Diameter (ins)
Outside Inside
0.375
0.315
0.5
0.43
0.625
0.545
0.875
0.785
1.125
1.025
1.375
1.265
1.625
1.505
2.125
1.985
2.625
2.465
3.125
2.945
3.625
3.425
4.125
3.905
5.125
4.875
6.125
5.845
8.125
7.725
10.125 9.625
12.125 11.565
Type M Copper
Diameter (ins)
Outside Inside
0.5
0.625
0.875
1.125
1.375
1.625
2.125
2.625
3.125
3.625
4.125
5.125
6.125
8.125
10.125
12.125
0.45
0.569
0.811
1.055
1.291
1.527
2.009
2.495
2.981
3.459
3.935
4.907
5.881
7.785
9.701
11.617
Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria
(ASPE Data Book)

Pipe Sizing Criteria
Velocity Loss in
Flow
Ft/sec PD/100 GPM
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2.5
2.5
2.2
1.9
1.5
1
0.5
1
3
7
12
17
35
70
110
160
225
380
575
1105
1835
2800
(ASPE Data Book)
Schedule 40 PVC Schedule 40 CPVCPolyethylene (75 psi)

Diameter (ins)
Diameter (ins)
Diameter (ins) Velocity Loss in
Flow
Outside Inside Outside Inside Outside Inside Ft/sec PD/100 GPM
0.840
0.622
0.840
0.622
0.782
0.622
1.050
0.824
1.050
0.824
0.824
1.000
1.315
1.049
1.315
1.049
1.300
1.050
1.660
1.380
1.660
1.380
1.710
1.380
1.900
1.610
1.990
1.610
2.000
1.610
2.375
2.067
2.375
2.067
2.567
2.067
2.875
2.469
2.875
2.469
3.500
3.068
3.500
3.068
3.670
3.068
4.500
4.026
4.500
4.026
6.625
8.625
10.750
12.750
6.065
7.981
10.020
11.938
6.625
6.065
Cu-PVC
4.820
4.026
Copper Pipe Sizing Chart
Design Criteria:
Figure - 3
Friction Loss for Copper Piping Systems: Types K, L, & M
Copper , Plastic
Cu-PVC
Source: Carrier Syst
per 100 Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec
er Piping Systems: Types K, L, & M
Copper , Plastic
Cu-PVC
Pipe Sizing Criteria:
Schedule 80 Steel
Schedule 80 Steel
S-80 Steel
Extra Strong Steel

Outside Wall
XS Steel
Outside Wall
Pipe Size Veloc
Diameter Thickness Diameter Flow
Diameter Thickness Diameter Flow
(ins)
(fps)
(ins)
(ins)
(ins)
(gpm)
(ins)
(ins)
(ins)
(gpm)
0.375
1.0
0.675
0.126
0.423
0.5
0.675
0.126
0.423
0.5
0.500
1.5
0.840
0.147
0.546
0.840
0.147
0.546
0.750
2.0
1.050
0.154
0.742
2.5
1.050
0.154
0.742
2.5
1.000
2.5
1.315
0.179
0.957
5.5
1.315
0.179
0.957
5.5
1.250
3.0
1.660
0.191
1.278
12
1.660
0.191
1.278
12
1.500
3.5
1.900
0.200
1.500
20
1.900
0.200
1.500
20
2.000
4.0
2.375
0.218
1.939
35
2.375
0.218
1.939
35
2.500
4.5
2.875
0.276
2.323
60
2.875
0.276
2.323
60
3.000
5.0
3.500
0.300
2.900
100
3.500
0.300
2.900
100
3.500
5.5
4.000
0.318
3.364
150
4.000
0.318
3.364
150
4.000
6.0
4.500
0.337
3.826
215
4.500
0.337
3.826
215
5.000
6.5
5.563
0.375
4.813
365
5.563
0.375
4.813
365
6.000
7.5
6.625
0.432
5.761
600
6.625
0.432
5.761
600
8.000
9.0
8.625
0.500
7.625
1,275
8.625
0.500
7.625
1,275
10.000
10.0
10.750
0.593
9.562
2,230
10.750
1.000
9.750
2,320
12.000
10.0
12.750
0.687
11.374
3,150
12.750
1.000
11.750
3,370
14.000
10.0
14.000
0.750
12.500
3,810
14.000
1.000
13.000
4,120
16.000
10.0
16.000
0.843
14.312
4,995
16.000
1.000
15.000
5,490
18.000
10.0
18.000
0.937
16.124
6,340
18.000
1.000
17.000
7,050
20.000
10.0
20.000
1.031
17.938
7,850
20.000
1.000
19.000
8,800
22.000
10.0
22.000
2.250
19.750
9,510
22.000
1.000
21.000
10,750
24.000
10.0
24.000
2.438
21.562
11,340
24.000
1.000
23.000
12,900
26.000
10.0
26.000
1.000
25.000
15,240
28.000
10.0
28.000
1.000
27.000
17,780
30.000
10.0
30.000
1.000
29.000
20,510
32.000
10.0
32.000
1.000
31.000
23,440
34.000
10.0
34.000
1.000
33.000
26,560
36.000
10.0
36.000
1.000
35.000
29,880
S80-XS
Maxim
S-80 Steel
Nominal Maxim
Sch 80 , XS Steel
Inside
Inside
Maxim
CAST IRON
Nominal
Pipe Size
(ins)
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
30
36
42
48
Physical Data
Hydraulic Handbook
Colt Industries
125 PSI Cast Iron

Diameter (ins)
Outside Inside
3.96
3.06
5.00
4.04
175 PSI Cast Iron

Diameter (ins)
Outside Inside
3.96
3.00
5.00
3.96
250 PSI Cast Iron

Diameter (ins)
Outside Inside

Velocity Loss in
Flow
Ft/sec PD/100 GPM
3.1
4.5
100
2.8
5.1
200
7.10
9.30
11.40
13.50
15.65
17.80
19.92
22.06
6.08
8.18
10.16
12.14
14.17
16.20
18.18
20.22
7.10
9.30
11.40
13.50
15.65
17.80
19.92
22.06
6.00
8.10
10.04
12.00
14.01
16.02
18.00
20.00
7.22
9.42
11.60
13.78
15.98
18.16
20.34
22.54
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
2.9
2.6
2.7
2.5
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.2
6.8
7.7
9.0
9.7
9.4
9.6
10.0
9.2
600
1,200
2,200
3,400
4,500
6,000
8,000
9,000
26.32
32.40
38.70
45.10
51.40
24.22
30.00
35.98
42.02
47.98
26.32
32.74
39.16
45.58
51.98
24.00
30.00
36.00
42.02
48.06
26.90
33.46
40.04
24.00
30.00
36.00
1.2
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.5
10.0
10.0
9.5
9.3
9.8
14,000
22,000
30,000
40,000
55,000
ALUMINUM , BRASS
Nominal
Pipe Size
(ins)
0.38
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Handbook for Mechanical Engineers : Baumeister & Marks
Aluminum Schedule 40
Diameter (ins) Thickness
Outside Inside
(ins)
0.675
0.493
0.091
0.840
0.622
0.109
1.050
0.824
0.133
1.315
1.049
0.133
1.660
1.380
0.140
1.900
1.610
0.145
2.375
2.067
0.154
2.875
2.469
0.203
3.500
3.068
0.216
4.000
3.548
0.226
4.500
4.026
0.237
5.563
5.047
0.258
6.625
6.065
0.280
8.625
7.981
0.322
10.750 10.020 0.365
12.750 12.000 0.375
Iron , Aluminum , Brass
Aluminum Schedule 80
Outside Inside
(ins)
0.675
0.423
0.126
0.840
0.546
0.147
1.050
0.742
0.154
1.315
0.957
0.179
1.660
1.278
0.191
1.900
1.500
0.200
2.375
1.939
0.218
2.875
2.325
0.276
3.500
2.900
0.300
4.000
3.364
0.318
4.500
3.826
0.337
5.563
4.813
0.375
6.625
5.761
0.432
8.625
7.625
0.500
10.750 9.750
0.500
12.750 11.750 0.500
Fe-Al-Br
Brass (85% Cu, 15% Zn)

Outside Inside
(ins)
0.675
0.494
0.092
0.840
0.625
0.108
1.050
0.822
0.114
1.315
1.062
0.127
1.660
1.368
0.146
1.900
1.600
0.150
2.375
2.062
0.157
2.875
2.500
0.188
3.500
3.062
0.219
4.000
3.500
0.250
4.500
4.000
0.250
5.563
5.062
0.251
6.625
6.125
0.250
8.625
8.000
0.313
10.750 10.019 0.363
12.750 12.000 0.375
( f = 0.2083 x (100/C)^1.85 x Q^1.85/D^4.8635 )

PIPE DESIGN BASED ON HAZEN WILLIAMS FORMULA
Source: Cameron Hydraulic Data, 1926-62
Values of C
High (smooth, clean)
Average
Design (old)
Pipe Material
Low (old, corroded)
Copper, Brass, Tin, Lead, Glass
155 to 120
140
130
Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, Steel (seamless)
150 to 80
130
100
C= 155 represents new, clean smooth surfaces C = 80 represents old, corroded, rough surfaces
Sizing Criteria: 3 PD per 100 Pipe Length
Pipe Sizing Criteria for Cast Iron and Steel: Cameron Hydraulic Data,
Old 1926-62
Pipes: C =
Cast Iron
Steel : Sch-40 & Sch-80
Pipe
Size
Flow Velocity Loss Flow Velocity Loss
(ins) (gpm) (fps) PD/100' (gpm) (fps) PD/100'
0.50
1
1.1
2.1
0.75
2.5
1.5
2.9
1.00
5
1.9
3.2
1.25
10
2.2
3.1
1.50
14
2.2
2.7
2.00
28
2.7
2.9
2.50
45
3.0
2.9
3.00
75
3.5
2.9
80
3.5
3.0
3.50
110
3.7
2.8
120
4.0
3.1
4.00
160
4.1
2.9
170
4.3
3.2
5.00
280
4.6
2.8
300
4.8
3.0
6.00
450
5.1
2.8
500
5.6
3.2
8.00
1000 6.4
3.0
1000 6.4
3.0
10.00 1800 7.4
3.0
1800 7.3
3.0
12.00 3000 8.5
3.2
3000 8.5
3.2
Steel : XS
Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1
1.4
4.0
2
1.5
3.2
4
1.8
3.3
8
2.0
3.0
12
2.2
2.9
24
2.6
3.0
40
3.0
3.2
70
3.4
3.0
100
3.6
2.9
140
3.9
2.9
260
4.6
2.9
400
4.9
2.7
900
6.3
3.1
1700 7.3
3.0
2800 8.3
3.1
Pipe Sizing Criteria for Cast Iron and Steel: Cameron Hydraulic Data,
Old 1926-62
Pipes: C =
Pipe
Size
(ins)
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
6.00
8.00
Cast Iron
Steel : Sch-40 & Sch-80
Flow Velocity Loss Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100' (gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1
1.5
2.9
1
1.4
2.5
3
2.2
4.1
3
2.0
3.2
6
2.5
3.6
6
2.3
3.1
10
2.6
3.1
10
2.5
2.9
15
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
30
3.2
2.6
30
3.1
2.5
60
4.1
3.3
60
4.0
3.1
90
4.3
3.0
90
4.2
2.8
140
5.0
3.2
140
4.9
2.9
190
5.2
3.0
190
5.1
2.8
350
6.2
3.2
350
6.0
3.0
550
6.8
3.1
550
6.6
2.8
1100 7.8
2.8
1200 8.2
3.0
Hazen-Williams Sizing
Haz-Will
Steel : XS
Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1
1.3
2.0
3
1.9
2.7
6
2.2
2.7
10
2.4
2.6
15
2.6
2.4
35
3.5
3.1
60
3.9
2.9
100
4.6
3.2
140
4.8
2.9
200
5.3
2.9
350
5.9
2.8
600
7.1
3.2
1200 8.1
2.9
100
Steel: XXS
Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100'
2
4
6
12
20
40
60
90
160
280
700
2.3
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.7
3.1
3.3
3.7
4.0
4.8
6.0
11.7
4.7
3.6
2.9
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.2
2.8
3.1
3.2
130
Steel: XXS
Flow Velocity Loss
(gpm) (fps) PD/100'
1.5
1.6
2.7
3
1.8
2.6
6
2.2
2.6
12
2.6
2.7
20
3.2
3.3
35
3.4
2.7
60
3.9
2.9
100
4.4
2.8
150
5.0
3.1
200
5.1
2.7
400
6.4
3.1
650
7.1
3.0
1300 8.3
3.0
Dynamic Pressure Losses through Fittings

EL = L/D* D (EL = Equivalent Length. L=Pipe Length, D = Pipe Diameter)
Velocity Pressure Factor (K) for Water : K = C*D**E: Pressure Drop (PD) = K*VP
FITTING IDENTIFICATION
ColRo
Description
w
A8
90 deg Elbow: Regular Screwed
L/D Factors
Name
K Factors
Water Glycol Brine Diesel Petrol Steam
Gas
Coeff C
Expon E
EL90-RG-SC
45
53
61
45
36
30
35
1.5
-0.6092
A9
90 deg Elbow: Long Radius Screwed EL90-LR-SC
25
29
34
25
20
15
20
0.75
-0.8787
A10
90 deg Elbow: Regular Flanged
EL90-RG-Fl
45
53
61
45
36
30
35
0.45
-0.253
A11
90 deg Elbow: Long Radius Flanged EL90-LR-FL
25
29
34
25
20
15
20
0.4
-0.463
A12
45 deg Elbow: Regular Screwed
EL45-RG-SC
25
29
34
25
20
20
25
0.35
-0.1365
A13
45 deg Elbow: Regular Flanged
El45-RG-FL
15
18
20
15
12
15
20
0.22
-0.1414
A14
Return U-Bend: Regular Screwed
BEND-RG-SC
90
105
123
90
72
70
75
1.35
-0.5
A15
Return U-Bend: Regular Flanged
BEND-RG-FL
90
105
123
90
72
70
75
0.425
-0.255
A16
Return U-Bend: Long Radius
BEND-LR-SC
50
59
68
50
40
45
45
0.426
-0.5182
A17
Tee: Line Flow Screwed
TEE-LF-SC
20
24
27
20
16
20
25
0.9
A18
Tee: Branch Flow Screwed
TEE-BF-SC
65
76
89
65
52
65
70
1.85
-0.3747
A19
Tee: Line Flow Flanged
TEE-LF-FL
20
24
27
20
16
20
25
0.265
-0.4695
A20
Tee: Branch Flow Flanged
TEE-BF-FL
65
76
89
65
52
65
70
-0.2851
A21
Strainer: Basket
STRAINER
90
105
123
90
72
70
75
2.4
-0.5609
A22
Union / Coupling
UNION
45
53
61
45
36
30
35
0.083
-0.6644
A23
Inlet: Bell-Mouthed
INLET-BM
20
24
27
20
16
20
25
0.05
A24
Inlet: Square-Edged
INLET-SE
45
53
61
45
36
30
35
0.5
A25
Outlet: All Types
OUTLET
65
76
89
65
52
65
70
Pipe Fittings Data
Fittings
Varkie
C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.
Dynamic Pressure Losses through Valves

EL = L/D* D (EL = Equivalent Length. L=Pipe Length, D = Pipe Diameter)
Velocity Pressure Factor (K) for Water : K = C*D**E: Pressure Drop (PD) = K*VP
ColRo
w
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
A17
A18
A19
A20
A21
A22
A23
A24
A25
A26
A27
A28
A29
A30
FITTING IDENTIFICATION
Name
Description
Angle : Screwed
Angle : Flanged
Balancing
Ball
Butterfly
Check Swing : Screwed
Check Swing : Flanged
Gate : Screwed
Gate : Flanged
Gate : Electric Motor
Gate : Pneumatic Motor
Globe : Screwed
Globe : Flanged
Globe : Electric Motor
Globe : Pneumatic Motor
Lock Shield
Plug Cock
Pressure Reducing
Quick Open
Pressure Regulator
Relief / Safety
Solenoid
Foot Valve
Valve Fittings Data
Water
ANGLE-SC
175
ANGLE-FL
175
BALANCING 350
BALL
10
BUTTERFLY 50
CHECK-SC
150
CHECK-FL
150
GATE-SC
10
GATE-FL
10
GATE-EM
10
GATE-PM
10
GLOBE-SC
350
GLOBE-FL
350
GLOBE-EM
350
GLOBE-PM
350
LOCK-SHIELD 10
PLUG-COCK 150
PRV
10
QUICKOPEN 350
PR-REG
10
RELIEF
0
SOLENOID
350
FOOT
50
L/D Factors
Glycol
205
205
410
12
59
176
176
12
12
12
12
410
410
410
410
12
176
12
410
12
0
410
59
Valves
Brine
238
238
477
14
68
204
204
14
14
14
14
477
477
477
477
14
204
14
477
14
0
477
68
Diesel
175
175
350
10
50
150
150
10
10
10
10
350
350
350
350
10
150
10
350
10
0
350
50
GasolineSteam
140
150
140
150
280
30
8
10
40
0
120
75
120
75
8
10
8
10
8
10
8
10
280
300
280
300
280
300
280
300
8
10
120
130
8
10
280
300
8
10
0
0
280
300
40
0
Gas
200
200
350
10
0
100
100
10
10
10
10
350
350
350
350
10
150
10
350
10
0
350
0
K Factors
Coeff C Expon E
4.5
4.5
4.25
4.25
12.5
12.5
0.24
0.24
12.5
12.5
3.5
3.5
2
2
0.24
0.24
1
1
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
0.24
0.24
12.5
12.5
0.24
0.24
12.5
12.5
0.24
0.24
0
0
12.5
12.5
0.8
0.8
Skidmore, Owings Merrill
PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS
Liquid
Water
Glycol
Brine
Diesel
Petrol
Properties
-30
Density (lb/cu ft)

Specific Gravity ( = Density / 62.4 )
Kinematic viscosity (sq ft/sec)
Specific heat (Btu/lb oF)
Density (lb/cu ft)
67.98
1.09
595.00
0.70
Density (lb/cu ft)
78.59
1.26
171.70
0.66
Density (lb/cu ft)
59.20
0.95
376.70
0.47
Density (lb/cu ft)
46.10
0.74
11.00
0.47
30
67.55
1.08
190.00
0.73
78.21
1.25
77.50
0.67
57.40
0.92
161.50
0.48
45.50
0.73
9.80
0.48
Temperature
60
100
150
210
62.42
62.37
62.00
61.20
59.81
1.00
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.96
0.00
12.17
7.39
4.76
3.20
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
67.11
66.55
65.74
64.68
63.12
1.08
1.07
1.05
1.04
1.01
85.40
48.60
22.60
12.50
6.40
0.76
0.78
0.81
0.85
0.88
77.71
77.21
76.09
1.25
1.24
1.22
34.70
21.80
8.90
0.68
0.69
0.71
56.10
54.90
53.00
51.10
0.90
0.88
0.85
0.82
80.70
48.30
29.10
7.50
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
44.90
44.70
44.30
42.40
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.68
8.80
7.00
5.50
3.00
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
PROPERTIES OF HIGH TEMPERATURE HOT WATER
Increase in Frictional Pressure Loss due to Pipe Age

Hydraulic Handbook by Colt Industries
Multipliers
Temp
Satur.
Density Specific
Kinem Sp. Heat
deg F
Press
lb/cu ft Gravity = Viscos Btu/lb oF
Pipe Age
Small
Medium
Large
psig
Years
1 - 3 4 to 12 14 - 48
Density/62.4 sq ft/sec
212
0
59.81
3.2
1.0055
0
1
1
1
0.96
220
2.5
59.63
3
1.0068
5
1.4
1.35
1.3
0.96
240
10.3
59.1
2.7
1.0104
10
2.2
1.9
1.6
0.95
260
20.7
58.51
2.5
1.0148
15
3.6
2.7
1.8
0.94
280
34.5
57.94
2.3
1.02
20
5
3.5
2
0.93
300
52.3
57.31
2.1
1.26
25
6.3
4.2
2.1
0.92
350
119.9
55.59
1.9
1.044
30
7.25
4.73
2.2
0.89
400
232.6
53.65
1.7
1.067
35
8.1
5.2
2.3
0.86
0.83
450
407.9
51.55
1.5
1.095
40
8.75
5.58
2.4
45
9.25
5.93
2.6
50
9.6
6.23
2.86
STANDARD MOTOR SIZES
60
10
7
3
1
50
Fluid Properties
2
60
3
75
5
100
7.5
125
10
150
Fluids
15
200
20
250
25
300
30
400
40
500
STEAM PRESSURE CLASSIFICATION AND PIPE SIZING DESIGN CRITERIA

Pressure Classifications
Vacuum: Less than 0 psig

Low: 0 to 15 psig
Medium: 15 to 30 psig
High: 30 to 150 psig
High: 150 to 250 psig
Pressure
Initial Steam
Sizing Criteria
Maxim System
Maxim Veloc
Class
Press (psig)
(psi/100ft)
PD (psig)
(ft/min)
Low
Low
Medium
High
High
High
3.5
12
30
50
100
150
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
2
2
1
3.5
7.5
10
20
25
4,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
10,000
LOW PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)
Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 3.5 psig
Initial Steam Saturation Pressure = 12 psig
Sizing Criteria: PD (psi) per 100 feet of Pipe
Pipe
1/16
1/8
1/4
1/2
3/4
1/16
1/8
1/4
1/2
3/4
Size
0.063
0.125
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
2.0
0.063
0.125
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
2.0
0.75
14
20
29
36
42
60
11
16
24
35
43
50
73
1.0
17
26
37
54
68
81
114
21
31
46
66
82
95
137
1.25
36
53
78
111
140
162
232
45
66
96
138
170
200
280
1.5
56
84
120
174
218
246
360
70
100
147
210
260
304
430
2.0
108
162
234
336
420
480
710
134
194
285
410
510
590
850
2.5
174
258
378
540
680
780
1150
215
310
460
660
820
950
1370
3.0
318
465
660
960
1190
1380
1950
380
550
810
1160
1430
1670
2400
3.5
462
670
990
1410
1740
2000
2950
550
800
1218
1700
2100
2420
3450
4.0
640
950
1410
1980
2450
2880
4200
800
1160
1690
2400
3000
3460
4900
5.0
1200
1680
2440
3570
4380
5100
7500
1430
2100
3000
4250
5250
6100
8600
6.0
1920
2820
3960
5700
7000
8400
11,900
2300
3350
4850
5700
8600
10,000
14,200
8.0
3900
5570
8100
11,400
14,500
16,500
24,000
4800
7000
10,000
14,300
17,700
20,500
29,500
10.0
7200
10,200
15,000
21,000
26,200
30,000
42,700
8800
12,600
18,200
26,000
32,000
37,000
52,000
12.0
11,400
16,500
23,400
33,000
41,000
48,000
67,800
13,700
19,500
28,400
40,000
49,500
57,500
81,000
10
12
Steam and Condensate
Steam-Condns
MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)
Pipe
1/8
1/4
1/2
3/4
Pipe
1/8
1/4
1/2
3/4
Size
0.125
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
2.0
Size
0.125
0.25
0.5
0.75
1.0
2.0
0.50
0.75
10
14
17
19
28
12
17
21
25
35
22
32
39
45
64
0.50
0.75
16
20
28
40
49
57
81
1.00
32
45
64
79
91
129
1.00
40
57
81
100
115
163
1.25
70
99
142
174
202
283
1.25
89
127
179
219
253
358
1.50
110
156
220
270
312
440
1.50
139
197
279
342
395
558
2.00
223
316
446
546
630
892
2.00
282
282
565
691
800
1,130
2.50
368
520
735
900
1,040
1,472
2.50
465
660
930
1,140
1,318
1,860
3.00
675
953
1,340
1,652
1,905
2,690
3.00
853
1,205
1,690
2,090
2,410
3,410
3.50
990
1,405
2,010
2,470
2,850
4,020
3.50
1,275
1,800
2,550
3,120
3,605
5,090
4.00
1,420
2,020
2,850
3,490
4,025
5,700
4.00
1,800
2,550
3,610
4,462
5,100
7,220
5.00
2,625
3,720
5,260
6,450
7,450
10,550
5.00
3,320
4,710
6,660
8,150
9,440
13,300
6.00
4,315
6,100
8,650
10,600
12,200
17,300
6.00
5,475
7,725
11
13,420
15,450
21,900
8.00
9,000
12,700
18,000
22,000
25,420
36,000
8.00
11,360
16,100
22,800
27,900
32,200
45,550
10.00
16,400
23,200
33,300
40,250
46,500
65,750
10.00
20,800
29,400
41,500
51,000
58,900
83,250
105,500
12.00
33,300
47,100
66,700
81,750
94,500
133,200
12.00
26,350
37,250
52,500
64,500
74,500
HIGH PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)
Pipe
1/2
3/4
Pipe
1/2
3/4
Size
0.5
0.75
1.0
2.0
5.0
Size
0.5
0.75
1.0
2.0
5.0
0.50
21
26
30
43
68
0.50
23
29
33
47
75
0.75
50
61
70
99
160
0.75
54
66
77
109
172
1.00
100
120
140
200
320
1.00
109
134
155
220
347
1.25
220
270
310
440
690
1.25
241
296
341
483
764
1.50
340
420
480
680
1,080
1.50
375
460
532
751
1,185
2.00
690
850
980
1,390
2,190
2.00
760
930
1,075
1,520
2,410
2.50
1,140
1,400
1,620
2,280
3,610
2.50
1,250
1,535
1,775
2,550
3,960
3.00
2,090
2,560
2,960
4,180
6,610
3.00
2,280
2,815
3,245
4,590
7,260
3.50
3,120
3,830
4,420
6,250
9,870
3.50
3,430
4,200
4,850
6,850
10,880
4.00
4,420
5,420
6,260
8,840
13,960
4.00
4,840
5,930
6,850
9,700
15,350
5.00
8,170
10,020
11,580
16,350
25,840
5.00
8,950
11,000
12,700
17,950
28,400
6.00
13,420
16,450
19,020
26,840
42,410
6.00
14,710
18,070
20,800
29,500
46,500
8.00
27,930
34,250
39,580
55,870
88,280
8.00
30,650
37,550
43,400
61,400
97,100
10.00
50,970
62,500
72,230
101,900
161,100
10.00
56,000
68,500
79,100
112,000
177,000
12.00
81,810
100,300
115,900
163,600
258,500
12.00
89,900
110,200
127,100
179,600
284,100
Pipe Slope (in. / 10 ft)
Pressure Drop (psi / 100 ft)
Steam-Condns
Pressure Drop (psi/100) sizing criteria for open gravity (sloped pipe) condensate return
CONDENSATE FLOW RATE (lbs/hr)
Condensate Return Pressure = 0 psig
Supply Steam at 5 psig

Pipe
Size
PD (psi per 100 feet)
Pipe
1/16
1/4
0.063
0.25
1.0
Size
Pipe
1/16
1/4
0.063
0.25
1.0
Size

1/16
1/4
0.063
0.25
1.0
0.5
240
520
1100
0.5
95
210
450
0.5
60
130
274
0.75
510
1120
2400
0.75
210
450
950
0.75
130
280
590
1.0
1000
2150
4540
1.0
400
860
1820
1.0
250
530
1120
1.25
2100
4500
9500
1.25
840
1800
3800
1.25
520
1110
2350
1.5
3170
6780
14,200
1.5
1270
2720
5700
1.5
780
1670
3510
2.0
6240
13,300
2.0
2500
5320
2.0
1540
3270
2.5
10,000
21,300
2.5
4030
8520
2.5
2480
5250
3.0
18,000
28,000
3.0
7200
15,200
3.0
4440
9360
4.0
37,200
78,000
4.0
14,900
31,300
4.0
9180
19,200
6.0
110,500
6.0
44,300
6.0
27,300
8.0
228,600
8.0
91,700
8.0
56,400

Pipe
Size
0.5
Pipe
1/16
1/4
0.063
0.25
1.0
Size
42
92
200
0.5
0.75
91
200
420
1.0
180
380
800
1.25
370
800
1.5
560
1200
2.0
1110
2.5
1780
3.0
4.0
Pipe
1/16
1/4
0.063
0.25
1.0
Size
28
62
133
0.5
0.75
62
134
290
1.0
120
260
544
1680
1.25
250
540
2520
1.5
380
810
2350
2.0
750
3780
2.5
1200
3190
6730
3.0
6660
13,800
4.0
6.0
19,600
8.0
40,500
Size
0.063
0.25
1.0
0.5
56
120
0.75
120
1.0
240
0.063
0.25
1.0
109
0.75
50
110
230
1.0
100
210
450
1130
1.25
200
440
930
1700
1.5
310
660
1400
1590
2.0
610
1300
2550
2.5
980
2100
2160
4550
3.0
1760
3710
4460
9340
4.0
3640
7630
6.0
13,200
6.0
10,800
8.0
27,400
8.0
22,400
Size
260
0.5
260
560
500
1060

1/16
1/4
0.063
0.25
1.0
43
93
200
0.75
93
200
420
1.0
180
390
800
1.5
750
1600
3,320
1.5
570
1210
2500
2.0
1470
3,100
6450
2.0
1120
2350
4900
2.5
2,370
5,000
10,300
2.5
1800
3780
7800
3.0
4,230
8,860
3.0
3200
6,710
4.0
8,730
18,200
4.0
6,620
13,800
6.0
25,900
53,600
6.0
19,600
40,600
8.0
3,400
110,300
8.0
40,500
83,600
51
Pipe
1/4
1/4

1/16
1/16
23

Pipe
Steam-Condns
PROPERTIES OF STEAM
Press
Temp
Volume
Enthalpy btu/lb
Press
Temp
Volume
psig
deg F
cuft
Liquid
Latent
psig
deg F
cuft
Liquid
Latent
Enthalpy btu/lb
212
26.8
180.1
970.3
65
311.8
5.49
281.8
901.3
215.5
25.13
183.6
968.1
70
316.4
5.18
286.2
898
218.7
23.72
186.8
966
75
320.1
4.91
290.4
894.8
221.7
22.47
189.8
964.1
80
323.9
4.66
294.4
891.9
224.5
21.35
192.7
962.3
85
327.6
4.44
298.2
899
227.3
20.34
195.5
960.5
90
331.2
4.24
301.9
886.1
229.9
19.42
198.2
958.8
95
334.6
4.06
305.5
883.3
232.4
18.58
200.7
957.2
100
337.9
3.89
308.9
880.7
234.9
17.81
203.2
955.6
105
341.1
3.74
312.3
878.1
237.2
17.11
205.6
954.1
110
344.2
3.59
315.5
875.5
10
239.5
16.46
207.9
952.5
115
347.2
3.46
318.7
873
11
241.7
15.86
210.1
951.1
120
350.1
3.34
321.7
870.7
12
243.8
15.31
212.2
949.7
125
352.9
3.23
324.7
868.3
13
245.9
14.79
214.3
948.3
130
355.6
3.12
327.6
865.9
14
247.9
14.31
216.4
946.9
135
358.3
3.02
330.4
863.7
15
249.8
13.86
218.3
945.6
140
360.9
2.93
333.1
861.5
16
251.7
13.43
220.3
944.3
145
363.4
2.84
335.8
859.3
17
253.6
13.03
222.2
943
150
365.9
2.76
338.4
857.2
18
255.4
12.66
224
941.8
155
368.3
2.68
340.9
855
19
257.1
12.31
225.7
940.6
160
370.6
2.61
343.4
853
20
258.8
11.98
227.5
939.5
165
372.9
2.54
345.9
850.9
21
260.5
11.67
229.2
938.3
170
375.2
2.47
348.3
848.9
22
262.2
11.37
230.9
937.2
175
377.4
2.41
350.7
846.9
23
263.8
11.08
232.5
936.1
180
379.5
2.35
353
845
24
265.4
10.82
234.1
935
185
381.6
2.3
355.2
843.1
25
266.9
10.56
235.6
934
190
383.7
2.24
357.4
841.2
30
274.1
9.45
243
928.9
195
385.8
2.19
359.6
839.2
35
280.7
8.56
249.8
924.2
200
387.8
2.13
361.9
837.4
40
286.8
7.83
256
919.8
210
391.7
2.04
366
833.8
45
292.4
7.2
261.8
915.7
220
395.5
1.95
370.1
830.3
50
297.7
6.68
267.2
911.8
230
399.1
1.88
374.1
826.8
55
302.7
6.23
272.4
908.1
240
402.7
1.81
377.8
823.4
60
307.3
5.83
277.2
904.6
250
406.1
1.74
381.6
820.1
Steam-Condns
Skidmore, Owings Merrill, LLP
Example:
6800 lbs per hour of steam flow in a 2 inch pipe at 100 psig pressure.
What is the pressure (psi) drop per 100 ft length of pipe and the flow velocity
Answer: psi/100 = 11 velocity = 32,000 fpm
Figure - 17
ASHRAE
Steam Flow Rates at Various Pressures and Velocities for Schedule 40 Pipe
Steam Pipe Sizing Charts
Steam-Charts
Sou
ure.
f pipe and the flow velocity?
fpm
dule 40 Pipe
Source:
Steam-Charts
Figure 18
Steam flow at 30 psig

Source: ASHRAE
Design Criteria:
0.75 psi per 100 ft pipe
Max Vel = 6,000 fpm
Figure 19

Source: ASHRAE
Design Criteria:
Max Vel = 8,000 fpm
Steam-Charts
Figure 20

Source: ASHRAE
Design Criteria:
Max Vel = 10,000 fpm
Figure 21

Source: ASHRAE
Design Criteria:
Max Vel = 10,000 fpm
Steam-Charts
Skidmore, Owings Merrill LLP
Natural Gas Pipe Sizing Tables and Charts

Steel Pipe - Schedule 40
Downstream
Pressure
DPipe Dimension (in)
Press
(psig)
1/2"
3/4"
1 1/4
1 1/2
2 1/2
9.5
355
745
1,400
2,880
4,310
8,305
515
1,080
2,030
4,160
6,240
12,020 19,150 33,860 69,060 124,940
8.5
350
730
1,370
2,815
4,210
8,120
8.1
475
995
1,875
3,850
5,770
11,100 17,700 31,300 63,840 115,500
7.6
300
630
1,190
2,440
3,650
7,040
7.2
440
910
1,720
3,530
5,290
10,190 16,240 28,710 58,560 105,940
6.6
290
615
1,160
2,380
3,565
6,865
10,940 19,345 39,460 71,390
6.3
395
830
1,560
3,210
4,810
9,260
14,760 26,090 53,210 96,260
5.7
245
515
970
1,990
2,990
5,730
9,140
5.4
355
745
1,400
2,880
4,310
8,310
13,245 23,415 47,760 86,400
4.7
240
500
940
1,935
2,900
5,580
8,895
4.5
315
660
1,240
2,540
3,810
7,340
11,695 20,680 42,170 76,300
13,240 23,400 47,730 86,350
12,940 22,880 46,600 84,420
11,215 19,830 40,440 76,170
inlet upstream pressure is more than 5 psig (35 kPa)
fittings factor 1.2 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 20%
16,160 32,950 59,620
15,730 32,080 58,030
For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf. In general it is common to set
1 Cubic Foot (CF) = Approx 1,000 BTUs
1 CFH 1 MBH
1 Btu/h = 0.293 W
LP Natural Gas
Natural-Gas
Steel Pipe - Schedule 40

Capacity of Pipe (MBH CFH)
Pipe SizeInside
(in)
Nomin
al
dia
Pipe Length (ft)

10
20
40
80
150
300
1/2"
0.622
120
85
60
42
31
22
3/4"
0.824
272
192
136
96
70
50
1.049
547
387
273
193
141
100
1 1/4
1.38
1,200
849
600
424
310
219
1 1/2
1.61
1,860
1,316
930
658
480
340
2.067
3,759
2,658
1,880
1,330
971
686
2 1/2
2.469
6,169
4,362
3,084
2,189
1,593
1,126
3.068
11,225
7,938
5,613
3,969
2,898
2,049
4.026
23,479 16,602 11,740
8,301
6,062
4,287
5.047
42,945 30,367 21,473 15,183 11,088
7,841
6.065
69,671 49,265 34,836 24,632 17,989 12,720
7.981 141,832 100,290 70,916 50,145 36,621 25,895
pressure less than 1 1/2 psig
pressure drop 0.5 inches water column
specific gravity of natural gas 0.6 energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb
1 Cubic Foot (CF) = Approx 1,000 BTUs
common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length
1 CFH = 1 MBH
in table above = pipe length + 50%

For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about
900 to 1100 BTU/cf. In general it is common to set
LP Natural Gas
Natural-Gas
Copper Tubing - type K
Copper Tubing - type L
Size (in)Inside
NominPipe
Outsid
al
Dia
Dia
Pipe Length (ft)
PipeOutsid
Size (in)Inside
Nomina
l
Dia
Dia
10
20
40
80
1/4"
3/8"
0.305
15
10
1/4"
3/8"
3/8"
1/2"
0.402
33
24
17
12
3/8"
1/2"
5/8"
0.527
74
52
37
26
5/8"
3/4"
0.652
138
97
69
3/4"
7/8"
0.745
203
143
1 1/8
0.995
469
1 1/4
1 3/8
1.245
894
Pipe Length (ft)

10
20
40
80
0.315
16
11
1/2"
0.43
41
29
20
14
1/2"
5/8"
0.545
81
58
41
29
49
5/8"
3/4"
0.666
146
103
73
52
101
72
3/4"
7/8"
0.785
236
167
118
84
332
235
166
1 1/8
1.025
511
362
256
181
632
447
316
1 1/4
1 3/8
1.265
936
662
468
331

specific gravity of natural gas 0.6
specific gravity of natural gas 0.6
energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb
energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb
One MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per hour
One MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per hour
LP Natural Gas
1 Btu/h = 0.293 W
1 lb = 0.4536 kg
1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
1 in water = 248.8 N/m 2 (Pa) = 0.0361 lb/in 2 (psi) = 25.4 kg/m 2 = 0.0739 in mercury
1 psi (lb/in 2 ) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m 2 )

Natural-Gas
The capacity of a low pressure natural gas (less than 1 psi) pipe line can be calculated with the Spitzglass formula like
q = 3550 k ( h / l SG) 1/2
(1)
where
q = natural gas flow capacity (cfh)
h = pressure drop (in Water Column)
l = length of pipe (ft)
k = [d 5 /(1 + 3.6/d + 0.03 d)] 1/2
d = inside diameter pipe (in)
SG = specific gravity
For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf . In general it is common to set
1 Cubic Foot (CF) = approx 1,000 BTUs
1 CFH = 1 MBH
The specific gravity of natural gas varies from 0.55 to 1.0 .
The downstream pressure in a houseline after the meter/regulator is in general in the
range of 7 to 11 inches Water Column, or about 1/4 psi.
Example - Natural Gas Pipe Capacity

The capacity of a 100 ft natural gas pipe with a nominal diameter 0.5 inches (actual ID 0.622 in )
and 0.5 inches WC pressure drop can be calculated as
=
k = [(0.622 in )5 /(1 + 3.6 / (0.622 in) + 0.03 (0.622 in))] 1/2
0.117
q = 3550 0.117 ( (0.5 in) / (100 ft) 0.60 ) 1/2 = 37.9 cfh
Specific gravity of natural gas is set to 0.60 .
LP Natural Gas
Natural-Gas
= 0.0739 in mercury
LP Natural Gas
Natural-Gas
Skidmore, Owings + Merrill
Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E
Fixture Data : Domestic Hot and Cold Water

Fixture Type
Supply Minim Fixture
/ Description
Code
PSIG
GPM
Bathroom Group TANK
8
0
Bathroom Group VALVE 8
0
Water Closet
TANK
8
0
Water Closet
VALVE 15
0
Urinal
TANK
8
0
Urinal
VALVE 8
0
Shower Head
TANK
8
3
Bathtub
TANK
8
4
Lavatory
TANK
8
2
Service Sink
TANK
8
3
Kitchen Sink
TANK
8
3
Restaurant Sink
TANK
8
3
Drinking Fountain TANK
8
2
Dish Washer
TANK
8
3
Clothes Washer
TANK
8
4
Private Use : Fixture Units

Cold
Hot
Total
4.5
3
6
6
3
8
3
0
3
6
0
6
3
0
3
4
0
4
2
2
3
7.5
7.5
10
1
1
1.5
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
4
1
0
1
2
2
3
2
2
3
Conversion Table : Fixture Units to GPM

Fixture Units
Fixture Units
Flow
Flow
GPM
Tank
Valve
GPM
Tank
Valve
1
0
34
63
18
2
1
35
66
20
3
3
36
69
21
4
4
37
74
23
5
6
38
78
25
6
7
39
83
26
7
8
40
86
28
8
10
41
90
30
9
12
42
95
31
10
13
43
99
33
11
15
44
103
35
12
16
45
107
37
13
18
46
111
39
14
20
47
115
42
15
21
48
119
44
16
23
49
123
46
17
24
50
127
48
18
26
51
130
50
19
28
52
135
52
20
30
53
141
54
21
32
54
146
57
22
34
5
55
151
60
23
36
6
56
155
63
24
39
7
57
160
66
25
42
8
58
165
69
26
44
9
59
170
73
27
46
10
60
175
76
28
49
11
62
185
82
29
51
12
64
195
88
30
54
13
66
205
95
31
56
14
68
215
102
32
58
15
70
225
108
33
60
16
72
236
116
Plumbing Fixture Units
Public Use : Fixture Units

Cold
Hot
Total
4.5
3
6
4.5
3
6
5
0
5
10
0
10
3
0
3
5
0
5
4
4
5
7.5
7.5
10
2
2
3
4
4
5
4
4
5
3
3
4
2
0
2
3
3
4
3
3
4
(from ASPE Data Book)

Fixture Units
Flow
Gpm
Tank
Valve
74
245
124
76
254
132
78
264
140
80
275
148
82
284
158
84
294
168
86
305
176
88
315
186
90
326
195
92
337
205
94
348
214
96
359
223
98
370
234
100
380
245
105
406
270
110
431
295
115
455
329
120
479
365
125
506
396
130
533
430
135
559
460
140
585
490
145
611
521
150
638
559
155
665
596
160
692
631
165
719
666
170
748
700
175
778
739
180
809
775
185
840
811
190
874
850
200
945
931
FixtUnits
Flow
GPM
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
Minim Conn. Size

Cold
Hot
0.50
0.50
1.00
0.50
0.38
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.38
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.38
0.38
0.50
0.75
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.38
0.00
0.38
0.38
0.50
0.50
Fixture Units
Tank
Valve
1018
1009
1091
1091
1173
1173
1254
1254
1335
1335
1418
1418
1500
1500
1583
1583
1668
1668
1755
1755
1845
1845
1926
1926
2018
2018
2110
2110
2204
2204
2298
2298
2388
2388
2480
2480
2575
2575
2670
2670
2765
2765
2862
2862
2960
2960
3060
3060
3150
3150
3620
3620
4070
4070
4480
4480
5380
5380
6280
6280
7280
7280
8300
8300
Horizontal Fixture Branches and Stacks
Pipe
Building Drains and Sewers
Any Horiz One Stack More than 3 Br Intervals
Diam
Fixture
3 Br Interv Total for Total at One
(ins)
Branch
or Less
Stack
Br. Interval
1.5
2.0
10
24
2.5
12
20
42
3.0
20
48
4.0
160
5.0
Pipe
Max Fixture Units that may be Connected
Diam
Slope per Foot

1/4 inch
1/2 inch
2.0
21
26
2.5
24
31
72
20
3.0
42
50
240
500
90
4.0
180
216
250
360
540
1100
200
5.0
390
480
575
6.0
620
960
1900
350
6.0
700
840
1000
8.0
1400
2200
3600
600
8.0
1400
1600
1920
2300
10.0
2500
3800
5600
1000
10.0
2500
2900
3500
4200
12.0
3900
6000
8400
1500
12.0
2900
4600
5600
6700
15.0
7000
15.0
7000
8300
10000
12000
Plumbing Sanitary Drainage
Sanitary
(ins)
1/16 inch
1/8 inch
Horizontal Vent Sizing Table (BOCA National Plumbing Code)

Horizontal Branch
Diam
Slope
Diameter of Vent (inches)

1.25
1.5
10
12
Maximum Developed Length of Vent (feet)
(in/ft)
1.25
2.5
0.125
0.25
0.50
1.5
0.125
0.25
0.50
2.5
10
12
15
0.125
0.25
290
0.50
150
380
0.125
180
450
0.25
96
240
0.50
49
130
0.125
190
0.25
97
420
0.50
50
220
0.125
190
0.25
98
310
0.50
48
160
410
0.125
190
490
0.25
97
250
0.50
46
130
0.125
190
0.25
97
250
0.50
46
130
0.125
190
0.25
91
310
0.50
38
150
410
0.125
190
500
0.25
85
240
0.50
32
110
0.125
180
0.25
79
420
0.50
26
200
0.125
0.25
0.50
Plumbing Sanitary Vents
Vents
Vertical Vent Sizing Table
(BOCA National Plumbing Code)

Diameter of Vent (inches)
Stack
Total
Diam
FUs to
(ins)
Stack
1.25
30
1.5
50
150
10
30
100
12
30
75
200
20
26
50
150
1.25
1.5
2.5
10
12
Maximum Developed Length of Vent (feet)
2.5
42
30
100
300
10
42
150
360
1040
21
32
110
270
810
53
27
94
230
680
102
25
86
210
620
43
35
85
250
980
140
27
65
200
750
320
23
55
170
640
540
21
50
150
580
190
28
82
320
990
490
21
63
250
760
940
18
53
210
670
1400
16
49
190
590
500
33
130
400
1000
1100
26
100
310
780
2000
22
84
260
660
2900
20
77
240
600
1800
31
95
240
940
3400
24
73
190
720
5600
20
62
160
610
7600
18
56
140
560
4000
31
78
310
960
7200
24
60
240
740
11000
20
51
200
630
15000
18
46
180
570
7300
31
120
380
940
13000
24
94
300
720
20000
20
79
250
610
26000
18
72
230
500
15000
40
130
310
25000
31
96
240
38000
26
81
200
50000
24
74
180
10
12
15
Plumbing Sanitary Vents
Vents
ROOF DRAIN AND LEADER SIZING

Rain
(in./hr.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2
2880
1440
960
720
575
480
410
360
320
290
260
240
Size of Drain or Leader Diameter (in.)

3
4
5
6
8
8800
18400 34600 54000 ######
4400
9200
17300 27000 58000
2930
6130
11530 17995 38660
2200
4600
8650
13500 29000
1760
3680
6920
10800 23200
1470
3070
5765
9000
19315
1260
2630
4945
7715
16570
1100
2300
4325
6750
14500
980
2045
3845
6000
12890
880
1840
3460
5400
11600
800
1675
3145
4910
10545
730
1530
2880
4500
9660
HORIZONTAL RAINWATER PIPE SIZING

1/8 Slope
Maximum Rainfall (in./hr)
Pipe
Size
2
3
4
5
3
1644
1096
822
657
4
3760
2506
1880
1504
5
6680
4453
3340
2672
6
10700 7133
5350
4280
8
23000 15330 11500 9200
10
41400 27600 20700 16580
12
66600 44400 33300 26650
15
###### 72800 59500 47600
6
548
1253
2227
3566
7600
13800
22200
39650

1/2 Slope
Pipe
Size
2
3
4
5
3
2295
1644
1310
4
5010
3760
3010
5
13360 8900
6680
5320
6
21400 13700 10700 8580
8
46000 30650 23000 18400
10
82800 55200 41400 33150
12
###### 88800 66600 53200
15
###### ###### ###### 95300
6
1096
2500
4450
7140
15320
27600
44400
79250
Plumbing Storm Water Sizing
Storm

1/4 Slope
Pipe
Size
2
3
4
5
3
2320
1546
1160
928
4
5300
3533
2650
2120
5
9440
6293
4720
3776
6
15100 10066 7550
6040
8
32600 21733 16300 13040
10
58400 38950 29200 23350
12
94000 62600 47000 37600
15
###### ###### 84000 67250
6
773
1766
3146
5033
10866
19450
31350
56000
IBM-AES Piping Design Software Ref-Data
Example of Primary-Secondary Piping Network System

Terminal Units (100 gpm each)
Section No.
Cooling Coils
S12
R1
S11
R2
S10
R3
Pumps
Chillers
Booster Pump
S8
S9
CHWS
CHWR
R4
S7
S6
S5
S1
S2
R8
R5
S3
R7
Cooling Coils
(300 gpm each)
Chillers
Primary-Secondary Piping
S4
R6
Primary Pumps
CHW-Schematic
Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D.,IBM-AES

P.E.
Piping Design Software Ref-Data
BOILER PLANT
Boiler
Primary
Hot Water
Pumps
Boiler
HWS
AHU Heating Coils
HWR
Hot Water Loop

HWS
HWR
HWR
Booster
HWS Pump
4-Pipe Units
4-Pipe Units
4-Pipe Units
BLDG
Booster
CHWS Pump
Building
Envelope
CHWS
CHWR
Chilled Water Loop

CHWS
Primary Chilled
Water Pumps
AHU Cooling Coils

Centrifug
al Chiller
Centrifug
al Chiller
Centrifug
al Chiller
CHWR
CWR
CWS
Cooling
Tower
Condenser
Water Loop
Cooling
Tower
CHILLER PLANT
CWR
Primary Plant Piping
Plant-Schematic

Pipe Sizing Criteria Schedule 40 Steel S-40 Steel: 198962529.xls - Ms - Office

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Varkie C. Thomas, Ph.D., P.E.