Process Description

2.1ProcessFlowDiagram

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2.2ProcessDescription.
For the separation of pentanes-butanes and heavier fraction (LPG) from unstabilized naphtha stabilization of Naphtha takes place in Stabilizer (V-02). The Un-stabilized Naphtha from V-01 is pumped by P-01 at a pressure of 700 KPa. The stream is divided into two parts and 73 m3/hrflows is refluxed back to main Atmospheric Column. The second half 73m3/hr is pumped into the suction of the stabilizer feed pump P-02. This pump provides the necessary discharge pressure approx. 1400-2000 KPa to move naphtha through the system. Un-stabilized naphtha flows through stabilizer feed flow control valve FCV-02 and from the tube side of the stabilizer feed-bottoms exchanger E-02 and enters the naphtha stabilizer V-02, on tray number 18 from the bottom. Stabilized naphtha flows to the bottom of tower. Stabilized naphtha level, in the bottom of the stabilizer rises and that provides enough pressure, which moves stabilized naphtha from the bottom of the stabilizer to the shell side of kettle reboiler E-05. HSD pump-around flows through the tube side of this kettle reboiler. From reboiler naphtha vapors (propane-butane fraction) flows back to the stabilizer below the bottom plate. The reboiler vapor return temperature to the stabilizer is maintained be resetting the high speed diesel flow rate through the reboiler. Stabilized naphtha flows from the stabilizer reboiler E-05, through the shell side of stabilizer feed-bottoms exchanger E-02 and then through the naphtha fan cooler E-03. The final product is 60m3/hr stabilized Naphtha. The Stabilized Naphtha flow is controlled by the stabilizer reboiler level control valve LCV-308. Stabilized naphtha flows for storage at approx. 38 oC and 150 KPa. The LPG leaving from the top of the Stabilizer V-02 is partially condensed in fanfin Cooler Condenser E-04. Then it sent to overhead storage vessel V-03, here the vapor phase mainly C2 is separated as HP gas and used as Furnace gas. The liquid leaving the overhead vessel (V-03) is LPG. It is pumped by P-03 at 1200 KPa into two parts and 26 m3/hr of LPG produced is refluxed back to Stabilizer (V-02). About 10 m3/hr of LPG is send to pump P-04 which pump the LPG to about 1450 KPa into the Dsulpurizer (R-01), fresh caustic is added to the reactor to neutralize the H2S present in the LPG by acid base neutralization reaction. The stream leaving the reactor (R-01) contains LPG and Na2S. The removal of Na2S from the LPG is done by water washer (V-06, V-07). The sulfur free product is then dried in a Salt Bed Dryer (V-06) giving a 99.9% dry LPG about 9.5m3/hr.

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Process Description

2.3MajorEquipmentsintheProcessLineup.
The Major equipments in the process line up are: Feed Pre-Heater (E-02) Stabilizer (V-02) Over Hear Fin-Fan Air Cooled Partial Condenser. (E-04) De-Sulfurizer Reactor (R-01). Salt Bed Dryer (V-06, V-07)

2.3.1 Feed Pre-Heater (E-02).

The un-stabilized Naphtha feed of stabilizer (V-02) is pre-heated in a Shell &Tube heat exchanger operating on the PINCH technology. The heat exchanger is a 1-4 Pass Shell and Tube TEMA: AES type heat exchanger. The feed is heated to its boiling point i.e. 103.7 oC while the stabilized naphtha from reboiler (E-05) is cooled to 160 oC. the heat duty of the heat exchanger is 1478 KJ/sec The heat duty of the exchanger is about 1478 KJ/sec. the exchanger contain 96 number of tubes, having a heat transfer area of 37 m2.

2.3.2 The Stabilizer (V-02).

Stabilizer is a SEIVE tray PLATE column. The column consists of 29 plates. Operating at tower top pressure of 1010 KPa and temperature of 61oC. The feed enters the column at the 18th plate from the bottom at its boiling point. The reflux ratio of the column in 2. the column is of varying diameter the Stripping section about 6 ft in diameter where as the rectifying section is about 4ft in diameter. The column height is about 80ft high. The reboiler is operating on HSD heat load and a kettle type reboiler (E-05) is used for the reboiling purpose.

2.3.3 Over Head Fin-Fan Air Partial Condenser (E-04).

The over head LPG condenser is a Fin-Fan Air cooled partial condenser operating at 1010 KPa so as to avoid refrigeration in the tower top. The fan condenser is an induced type fan condenser with 300 fined tubes of 30ft. there are 3 rows of the tube i.e. each row has 100 tubes. The power requirement of each fan is about 17211 watts

2.3.4 De-Sulfurizer Reactor (R-01)

The De-Sulfurizer Reactor is a static mixer installed in LPG treatment section so as to remove the H2S from the sour LPG. The reagent used in sulfur removal process is caustic soda NaOH. The final product contains ppm of H2S in it. The mixing elements in the mixer are 10. The Static mixer is used in the line up because the reaction is fast and requirement is only intimate mixing between LPG and Caustic Soda. StabilizationofNaphtha Page12

Process Description

2.3.5 Salt Bed Dryer (V-06, V-07).

The drying of LPG can be done by conventional hating methods as it is highly flammable and with explode on heating. So a desiccant bed of sodium chloride is used in the line up to remove water by adsorption of water. The salt bed required for that purpose is about 650 Kgs

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