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a. A dog is an animal.
b. A potato is a vegetable.
c. A pencil is like a pen.
d. A ruler is a thin rectangular wooden or plastic strip.
e. A test-tube is a hollow glass tube.
f. A writer writes a book.
g. The man who is sitting there is my friend.
h. The girl in that room is my sister.
i. The boy does his work well.
36
Глава 2. Словообразование.
**Упр.1.1.1.c.Поставьте а/an, где необходимо.
c. You made very bad mistake. g. I’ve got very good idea.
a. I turned off ___ light, opened ____ door and went out.
b. Excuse me, can I ask ____ question, please?
c. Alan is ____ best player in our football team.
d. How far is it from here to ____ airport?
e. Enjoy your holiday and don’t forget to send me ____ postcard!
f. Have you got ____ ticket for ____ concert tomorrow night?
g. Yesterday I bought ____ jacket and ____ shirt.____ jacket was cheap but ____ shirt
was expensive.
a. What is ____ name of ____ director of ____ film we saw ____ last night?
i. “Where are _____ children?” “They’re in ____ garden.”
j. My sister’s _____ teacher in ____ school near Leicester. She has three children, two
girls and ____ boy. ____ girls are in her class at school, but ____ boy isn’t old enough
for school yet.
k. Jane and Bill are ____ very nice couple. She has ____ clothes shop, and he works in
____ office in ____ centre of town.
37
Глава 2. Словообразование.
l. “Where are my shoes?” “On ____ floor in ____ kitchen.”
m. “How much are the driving lessons?” “Fifteen pounds ____ hour.”
n. When you come to bed, can you put ____ cat out and turn off ____ light?
o. I went to ____ restaurant last night.
p. What’s _____ name of ____ restaurant we went to last night?
39
Глава 2. Словообразование.
j. He was one of ___ few men of science who never terrified me, probably because he
never behaved like ___ doctor.
40
Глава 2. Словообразование.
a. работа какого-то автора; знание какого-либо предмета; статьи какого-либо
ученого; эти данные авторов; студенты какого-либо университета; человек науки;
учитель математики.
b. горы Крыма; металлы Урала; электростанции на Ангаре; Академия Наук
Украины; леса Сибири; многие зоны (area) нашей планеты.
c. история искусства; прогресс науки; важность образования; степень (degree)
кандидата наук; формы растительной жизни (vegetable life); интерес к (for)
экологии; население планеты.
d. вагоны поезда; средства транспорта; цель (perpose) визита; служащие (clerk)
гостиницы.
a. Number ___ hundred and two, ___ house next door to us, is for sale. It’s quite ___
nice house with ___ big rooms. ___ back windows look out on ___ park.
b. Professor Jones, ___ man who discovered ___ new drug that everyone is talking
about, refused to give ___ press conference.
c. Peter Piper, ___ student in ____ professor’s college, asked him why he refused to
talk to ___ press.
d. ___ ship you were speaking about has just come onto ___ port. She has been at ___
sea for ___ long time.
Look: ____ captain has just come on ___ deck.
42
Глава 2. Словообразование.
J.Bonner earned a BA in chemistry and mathematics from the University of Utah.
Do you play chess?
Имена существительные отвлеченные употребляются:
- без артикля, когда они выражают отвлеченные понятия в общем смысле:
While there is life there is hope. Knowledge is power.
- с определенным артиклем, когда они имеют при себе определение, относящее
это понятие к какому-либо лицу или предмету: He was the hope of his parents. I
like the music of this ballet.
- с местоимениями some и any, когда речь идет о неопределенной степени
качества:
There is some difference between these two samples. He did not show any fear.
- с неопределенным артиклем, когда речь идет о разновидности качества или
чувства:
He has a cleverness quite of his own. He showed a patience that I had never
expected of him.
- с неопределенным артиклем, когда имеются существительные period,
population, distance, height, salary и др. с последующим предлогом of +
числительное + существительное: He has been working here for a period of 2
years.
c) Отсутствие артикля перед именами существительными нарицательными -
исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми.
Артикль отсутствует:
- перед существительным, имеющим при себе другой определитель: My room
is large. This book is interesting.
- перед исчисляемыми существительными во множественном числе, когда в
единственном числе следовало бы употребить неопределенный артикль: This plant
is engaged in the manufacture of pumps. They are hard working students. Squares
have four sides.
These are such interesting books!
Следует также помнить, что многие существительные имеют как отвлеченное, так
и конкретное вещественное значение:
medicine a medicine
glass a glass
iron an iron
opera an opera
painting a painting
radio a radio
tin a tin
Пример: I’ve got some cigarettes but I haven’t got light / a light.
Light / the light travels faster than sound / the sound.
a. We’re having lamb / the lamb for lunch.
b. The sheep gave birth to lamb / a lamb in the middle of the night.
c. Would you like cake / a cake?
d. No, thanks. I don’t like cake / a cake.
e. This suit is made of very fine cloth / the very fine cloth.
f. Can you get cloth / a cloth, please? I’ve just spilt tea / a tea on your carpet.
g. I went to a talk / talk on Russian revolution / the Russian revolution last night. It
was very interesting.
h. There has been a talk / talk of redundancies at the British Shipping Company.
i. Service / a service in restaurants isn’t as good as it used to be.
j. The Health Service / Health Service is suffering from severe cutbacks.
k. The Times / Times is one of Britain’s oldest newspapers.
l. Time / the time and tide / the tide wait for no man. (поговорка)
m. I don’t usually like poetry / the poetry.
n. But here’s a poem / poem I do like.
o. Do you want an ice / ice in your whisky?
p. Ice / the ice at the North and South Poles is said to be melting little by little.
45
Глава 2. Словообразование.
Упр.1.1.4.e. Поставьте a(an) или some, где необходимо. Подчеркните
неисчисляемые существительные, которые можно использовать в словосочетании
a piece of …
46
Глава 2. Словообразование.
b) Перед порядковым числительным обычно употребляется определенный
артикль. Однако, когда порядковое числительное имеет значение другой, еще
один или неизвестно общее число предметов, действий и пр. употребляется
неопределенный артикль:
A third man (еще один) entered the room.
The same authors put forward a second correlation.
c) Артикль не употребляется перед существительным, если за ним следует его
номер:
I'm waiting for tram 55.
The deduction of the equation you'll find in chapter 8 of the book.
a. Of all those to whom he appealed one was actually not in ____ position to do
anything for him; another was afraid; ___ third was calculating eagerly to drive ____
hard bargain; ___ forth was too deliberate, anxious to have much time.
b. Two people would have to hold ___ chair, and ___ third would help him up on it,
and ___ forth would hand him ___ nail, and ___ fifth would pass him up ___
hammer.
c. ___ professor Earle Fox ignored for ___ second time ___ buzzing signal from the
secretary in ___ adjoining office.
d. Mr Pickwick was perfectly aware that ___ tree is ___ very dangerous neighbour in
___thunderstorm. He had ___ tree on his right, ___ tree on his left, ___ third before
him, and ___ fourth behind.
e. Our apartment is on ___ third floor.
f. You are ___ forth visitor asking where ___ room 40 is there.
47
Глава 2. Словообразование.
Упр.1.1.6.a. Закончите предложения, используя the со следующими
прилагательными:
rich sick blind poor injured unemployed dead
a. Braille is a system of reading and writing by touch for ____ .
b. Many people were killed in the plane crush. The bodies of ____ were taken away.
____ were taken to hospital.
c. Every English child knows the story of Robin Hood. It is said that he robbed ____
and gave the money to ____ .
d. Those people with jobs have enough money but life is not so easy for ____ .
e. Agnes has been a nurse all her life. She has spent her life caring for ___ .
a. _____ Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from _____ France to _____ United
States.
b. No one in ____ Spanish class knew _____ correct answer to _____ Mrs Perez’s
question.
c. ____ Lake Erie is one of _____ five Great Lakes in ____ North America.
d. On our trip to _____ Spain, we crossed ____ Atlantic Ocean.
e. While we were in ____ Alaska, we saw _____ Eskimo village.
f. David attended _____ Princeton University.
g. Harry has been admitted to ____ School of Medicine at ____ midwestern university.
h. ____ Queen Elizabeth II is _____ monarch of _____ Great Britain.
i. ____ Declaration of Independence was drawn up in 1776.
j. ____ Florida State University is smaller than ____ University of Florida.
k. ____ Heathrow is ____ busiest airport in Europe.
l. We arrived in ____ Paris on ____ third of August.
I. ____ (1) King Juan Carlos of ____(2) Spain arrived in ____(3) London today for
____(4) three day visit to ____(5) United Kingdom. He was met by ____(6) Queen and
drove with her to ____(7) Buckingham Palace. Tomorrow he will have lunch with
____(8) Governor of ____(9) Bank of England and in the evening he will have talks
with businessmen.
II. On the first morning we went to ____(1) British Museum and had lunch at ____(2)
MacDonalds in ____(3) Church Street. We looked in ____(4) Evening Standard
newspaper and found there was a good film at ____(5) Odeon (cinema) near ____(6)
Piccadilly Circus.
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Глава 2. Словообразование.
e. There was ___ accident as I was going ____ home last night. Two people were taken
to ____ hospital. I think ___ most accidents are caused by ____ people driving too
fast.
f. Carol is ___ economist. She used to work in ____ investment department of ____
Lloyds Bank. Now she works for ___ American bank in ___ United States.
g. “What’s ___name of ___ hotel where you’re staying?”
“____ Imperial. It’s in ___ Queen Street in ___ city centre. It’s near ___ station.
h. I have two brothers. ___ older one is training to be ___ pilot with ____ British
Airways. ____ younger one is still at ___ school. When he leaves ____ school, he
hopes to go to ____ university to study ____ law.
II.
a. Excuse me. Is there ____ post office near here?
b. A We haven’t got any money.
B It’s all right. I’m going to ____ bank.
c. My wife and I went out for ____ meal last night. ____ food was excellent. I don’t
usually like ____ Chinese food, but ____ duck was superb.
d. Has ____ postman been yet? I’m expecting ____ parcel.
e. We’ve moved to ____ lovely house in ____ country. It’s got ____ views of fields and
hills, and there’s ____ garden at ____ back.
f. ____ government without ____ strong leader will not produce ____ good policies.
g. ____ government has introduced ____ law to ban ___ sale of ___ air guns to ____
people under ____ age eighteen.
III.
a. In my job, I do____ business with people from all over the world.
b. I’m going to do ____ shopping. Do you want anything?
c. I was late for ____ work this morning.
d. Can you keep ____ secret? I’m getting married.
e. He got ____ sack because he was caught stealing money.
f. It isn’t easy, but I think we’re making ____ progress.
g. I lost ____ control of the car and crashed into a wall.
h. Make ____ love, not ____ war.
i. If you make ____ promise, you must keep it.
j. When buying a house, you should take into ____ consideration how near it is to
public transport.
k. He set ____ fire to his factory so that he could claim the insurance.
l. You must make ____ effort to get to know your neighbours.
m. I’ve been to all the countries of Europe with ____ exception of Albania.
n. If you’re in Paris, take ____ opportunity to visit the Louvre.
IV.
a. ____ fog was so thick that we couldn’t see ____ side of ___ road. We followed ___
car in front of us and hoped that we were going ___ right way.
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Глава 2. Словообразование.
b. I don’t know what ____ price ___ owners are asking. But Dry and Rot are ___
agents. You could give them ___ ring and make them ___ offer.
c. ___ day after ___ day passed without ___ news, and we began to lose ___ hope.
d. “Would you like to hear ___ story about ___ Englishman, ___ Irishman and ___
Scotsman?”
“No, I’ve heard ____ stories about ___ Englishmen, ___ Irishmen and ___
Scotsmen before and they are all ___ same.”
“But mine is not ___ typical story. In my story ___ Scotsman is generous, ___
Irishman is logical and ___ Englishman is romantic.”
“Oh, if it’s ___ fantastic story. I’ll listen with ___ pleasure.”
*V.
a. ____ worry about ____ state of his finances drove him to ____ despair.
b. He sauntered down ____ streets without ____ worry in ____ world.
c. ____ main worry of ___ most people is ____ good health.
d. ____ news is just coming into ____ studio of ____ fire at ____ home of Mr Paul
Beaston, ____ film Director.
e. I can’t wait to go on holiday. ____ sea, ____ sand and ____ books - that’s what I
want.
f. I went to ____ theatre last night and saw ____ great play. I thought it was good,
anyway, but I read in ____ papers this morning that ____ critics had slammed it.
g. ___ Paris of ___ 1980’s is nothing compared to ___ Paris of ___ 1968.
h. She was appointed ___ President of ___ National Union of ___ Printworkers.
i. ___ last year has been good for business.
j. ____ last year was good for business.
k. I decorated ___ children’s bedroom as fast as I could. In ___ week, I had finished.
l. I haven’t got time to phone him at the week-end. I’ll do it in ___ week.
**VI.
a. ____ temperature varies with ____ pressure.
b. ____ scientists believe to have discovered ____ new compound.
c. ____ holes were spaced at ____ 10 foot intervals.
d. ____ reaction is similar to that observed by us.
e. In 1812 Berzelius advanced ____ theory of ____ chemical combination.
f. No sooner had ____ reaction stopped ____ precipitate turned black.
g. Such ___ stage is known as ____ “theoretical” stage or plate.
h. ____ compound II can be hydrolyzed to yield ___ free amine.
i. When being pure, ___ water is ___ colourless liquid.
j. ___ benzene is ____ stronger acid than ____ ethane.
Упр.1.1.8.b. Поставьте артикли a, an, the, или местоимение some, где необходимо.
a. ___ of my friends advised me to take ___ taxi; another said that there was quite ___
good bus service.
b. “___ friend of mine lent me ___ book by Meredith. I’ve only ___ more chapter to
read. Would you like ___ loan of it afterwards?”
“No, thanks. I read ___ of his books ___ few years ago and didn’t like it. Besides I
have ___ library book to finish. If I don’t take it back tomorrow I’ll have to pay ___
fine.
c. Most people like ___ rest after ___ hard day’s work, but Tom seems to have ___
inexhaustible supply of energy.
d. I’ve told you ___ hundred times not to come into ___ room with ___ hat on.
e. You’ve been ___ great help to me; ___ day I will repay you.
f. My car broke down near ___ bus stop. There was ___ man waiting for ___ bus so I
asked him for ___ advice.
g. He took ___ quick look at my car and said, “Buy ___ new ___.”
h. Most of the staff had been there for only ___ very short time, but ___ man had been
there ___ year and ___ half, so he knew ___ little more than the rest.
i. ___ day a new director arrived. He was ___ ambitious, bad-tempered man, and the
staff took ___ instant dislike to him.
Упр.1.1.8.d. Поставьте a, an, the или my, his, her, our, your, their, где необходимо.
a. ___ most of ___ stories that ___ people tell about ___ Irish aren’t true.
b. ___ married couple with ___ children often rent ___ cottage by ___ seaside for ___
summer holidays.
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Глава 2. Словообразование.
c. ___ men hire boats and go for ___ trip along ___ coast; ___ children spend ___ days
on ___ beach and ___ poor mothers spend ___ most of ___ time doing ___ cooking
and cleaning.
d. When ___ Titanic was crossing ___ Atlantic she struck an iceberg which tore a huge
hole in her bow. ___ captain ordered ___ crew to help ___ passengers into ___ boats.
e. Everywhere ___ man has cut down ___ forests in order to cultivate ___ ground, or to
use ___ wood as ___ fuel or as ___ building material.
f. But ____ interference with ___ nature often brings ____ disaster. ___ tree-felling
sometimes turns ___ fertile land into a dustbowl.
g. ___ people think that ___ lead is ___ heaviest metal, but ___ gold is heavier.
h. You can fool some of ___ people all ___ time, and all ___ people some of ___ time;
but you cannot fool all ___ people all ___ time.
i. Why are you standing here with ___ hands in ___ pockets?
j. At most meetings ___ people vote by raising ___ right hands.
k. The bullet struck him in ___ foot.
l. Someone threw ___ egg which struck the speaker on ___ shoulder.
m. He was ___ very tall man with ___ dark hair and ___ small beard, but I couldn’t see
___ eyes because he was wearing ___ dark glasses.
n. She pulled him by ___ sleeve to attract his attention.
o. He is ___ thoroughly selfish man; he wouldn’t lift ___ finger to help anyone.
p. We have a very good train service from here to ___ city centre and most people go to
___ work by train. You can go by ___ bus too, of course, but you can’t get a season
ticket on ___ bus.
q. “I’d like to see ___ Mr Smith please.” “Do you mean ___ Mr Smith who works in
___ box office or ___ other Mr Smith?”
Упр.1.1.8.e. Исправьте ошибки, связанные с артиклями.
a. Jane, has anyone ever told you that you’ve got some lovely fingers?
b. I’m very interested in the history, especially the history of Western Europe.
c. What a lovely weather we’re having! It’s such a nice day!
d. We’re trying to sell our house. People came to see it on Saturday, and they were
quite interested, but some people who saw it on Sunday morning were very rude and
said they didn’t like it at all.
e. Did you remember to buy a bread while you were out at some shops?
f. Crossing the English Channel can be quite unpleasant in the bad weather.
g. People who live on the floor above ours work in a government ministry.
h. What’s the government going to do about the unemployment?
54
Глава 2. Словообразование.
a. What ___ strange feeling it was to be going home when it was not home, and to find
that every object I looked at reminded me of ___ happy old home which was like
___ dream I could never dream again.
b. ___ one thing that really interested him in connection with his parents was ___
existence somewhere in ___ east in ___ small city called Lycurgus … of ___ uncle,
___ brother of his father’s.
c. But ___ bed I made up for myself was sufficiently uncomfortable to give me ___
wakeful night, and I thought ___ good deal of what ___ unlucky Dutchman had told
me.
d. ___ English of ___ 14th century differs from ___ Modern English.
e. ___ walls, down which ran ___ number and variety of ___ pipes and cables, were
painted in two contrasting of green - dark up to ___ height of five foot, lighter above
that.
f. ___ London train was on ___ point of ___ departure. It was yet ___ early morning,
___ hour of ___ milkmen and ___ postmen. ___ station had ___ chill, unused,
deserted look; ___ passengers were few.
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Глава 2. Словообразование.
g. And now he was in ___ large bedroom overlooking ___ Thames, ___ chamber with
___ writing table, ___ sofa, ___ telephone, ____ electric bells and ___ massive oak
door with ___ lock and ___ key in ___ lock.
h. ___ sun comes up from ___ East and goes down to ___ West.
i. Mr Skimpole could play ___ piano and ___ violoncello; and he was ___ composer,
had composed half ___ opera once, and played what he composed with ___ taste.
After ___ tea we had quite ___ little concert, in which Richard and Mr Jarndyce and
I were ___ audience.
57
Глава 2. Словообразование.
child, person, woman, tooth, wolf, sheep, mouse, foot, leaf, half.
Упр.1.2.1.b. Напишите следующие существительные в форме множественного
числа:
boy, lady, day, potato, party, watch, glass, city, church, address, sandwich, key, video,
way.
58
Глава 2. Словообразование.
- Cуществительные, имеющие одинаковую форму во множественном и в
единственном числе. Часть из них оканчивается на -s: species, series, means: That
species is rare. Those species are common.
Другая часть никогда не оканчивается на -s: sheep, deer, fish. That deer is young.
Those deer are old.
Это:
- названия наук и видов спорта: mathematics, physics, economics, statistics, ethics,
gymnastics;
- название болезней: measles, mumps, herpes;
- некоторые отвлеченные существительные: news, politics.
Как называется та область знаний, в которой вы проводите свои исследования?
Попадает ли ее название в эту группу слов?
a. News of the peace talks has not yet reached the island.
b. Politics usually attract ambitious individuals.
c. There were extra copies of the New York Times in all the offices.
d. Two weeks are ample time for a camping trip to the state park.
e. Two thousand dollars is a lot for him to pay for tutorial.
f. Jaws, a movie about sharks, was seen by a record number of people.
g. Both mathematics and physics are interesting.
h. Thermodynamics are beyond me.
a. Under the _________ of the contract, you are obliged to repay the loan within two
years.
The car was a reasonable price, but wasn’t in good _______ .
b. It has been an ______ to work with you. I’ve been very proud of what we’ve
achieved together.
She has an _______ degree in geography.
c. I have a terrible ______ at the back of my neck.
He took great ______ to ensure his quests’ stay was pleasant.
d. After the accident, it took her a long time to come to _______ with the fact that she
would never dance again.
During his first _______ of office, the Prime Minister made many sensible decisions.
e. We need a person with relevant ________ to fill the post.
He wrote a book about his _______ whilst crossing Africa on foot.
f. The Vicar was a kind man, and did a lot of _______ during his life.
There is a wide range of electrical _______ on sale in our village shop.
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Глава 2. Словообразование.
g. The day return fare is only $12 – a __________ of $8 on the full fare.
Mrs Higgins’ house was broken into the other day, and all her _______ were taken.
h. Officers don’t live with ordinary soldiers. Their _______ are usually separate and
more luxurious.
Interest rates have risen to 8.25 per cent, a rise of a _______ of a per cent.
i. For some reason, he was ashamed of his working class background, and went to
great ______ to conceal the fact.
I can only swim one _______ of the swimming pool before I get tired.
g. Don’t sit on the grass. The _______ is still very wet.
I trust John. I have good _______ for believing his version of events.
k. The storm caused a lot of ________ .
She was awarded four thousand pounds’ ________ in the libel case.
l. Two _______ were seen running away from the scene of the crime.
_________ has always been the time for rebellion.
65
Глава 2. Словообразование.
i. станция перекачки природного газа a) station b) gas c) natural d)
transmission
j. вычислительные машины непрерывного действия a) action b) computers c)
continuous
k. программное обеспечение для коллективной работы a) collaboration b)
software c) group
l. запасы топлива всего мира a) world’s b) resources c) entire d) fuel
m. индекс цен на товары массового потребления a) price b) index c)
consumer
n. совокупный общественный продукт a) product b) national c) gross
o. 5% скидка за покупку большого количества товаров a) quantity b) discount
c) 5 per cent
p. Московская центральная фондовая биржа a) Stock b) Moscow c) Central
d) Exchange
Пример: A device that scans bar codes is called a bar code scanner.
a. A unit that gives a visual display of information on a screen is called ……..
b. A device that reads magnetic cards …..
c. A device that prints using a laser as the light source …..
d. A device that plots graphs …..
e. A unit that holds magnetic disks ….
f. A device that prints using a jet of ink ….
g. The rate of transmission of data …..
h. A package for making presentations using multimedia …..
i. A program which processes data in batches …..
Глава 2. Словообразование.
В английском языке различают два способа образования слов:
- словопроизводство, т.е. образование одного слова из другого,
- словосложение, т.е. образование одного слова путем соединения двух слов.
Слова, образованные словосложением, встречаются в английском языке довольно
часто (newspaper, schoolboy, steamship, father-in-law, red-hot, to broadcast и т.д.),
однако в целом при их переводе и употреблении не встречается столько
трудностей, как при употреблении слов, образованных способом
словопроизводства. Поэтому далее будет рассматриваться в основном
словопроизводство.
Существительные Глаголы
answer to answer
class to class
measure to measure
purchase to purchase
increase to increase
export to export
import to import
67
Глава 2. Словообразование.
68
Упр.2.1.3. Определите, являются подчеркнутые слова глаголом или
существительным в зависимости от их функции в предложении.
-al -ure -y
1 survive 1 press 1 deliver
2 remove 2 expose 2 inquire
3 approve 3 please 3 enquire
4 refuse 4 fail 4 discover
5 arrive 5 erase 5 recover
6 propose 6 disclose 6 flatter
1. The man was arrested because of his failure to pay income taxes.
2. The removal of his car was illegal.
3. His father is an art collector.
4. The paper he wrote shows his mastery of the subject.
5. We need your assistance before we can finish repairing this bicycle.
6. Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin brought about significant changes in
plantation life.
7. The departure of the airliner was delayed by stormy weather.
8. At the conclusion of the movie, please remain seated.
9. A group of volunteers will put up the party decorations tonight.
10.His proposal was approved by the head of the company.
Nouns Adjectives
ease easy
fame famous
a) leaf безлиственный
b) fear безнадежность
c) power белизна
d) doubt бесстрашный
e) wonder вежливость
f) white доброта
g) kind жалостливый
h) polite задумчивый
i) nervous мощный
j) pity неосмотрительность
k) fruit нервозность
l) care несомненный
m)hope плодотворный
n) serious почтительный
o) respect серьезность
p) thought чудесный
Noun Verb
to agree
to invent
to complain
discovery
preparation
Noun Adjective
famous
theory
tradition
possible
Пример: We lost the match because we didn’t play very good. - неправильно,
должно быть well.
Ann has been working very hard recently. - правильно.
1. Give my best wishes to your parents. I hope they are well.
2. The children behaved themselves very good.
3. I tried hardly to remember his name but I couldn’t.
4. The company’s financial situation is not well at present.
5. Don’t walk so fast! Can’t you walk more slowly?
6. These instruments are well suited for such measurements.
7. Amperometric titrations are almost carried out by making a few measurements
good before the equivalence point and a few more good after the equivalence
point.
right a) What’s the right time? b) Right you are! c) He turned right round. d) Is
the answer right or wrong?
high a) It’s high time to go. b) The cost of living reached a new high level last
month. c) If you don’t fly high you won’t achieve your targets.
early a) He is an early riser. b) It’s better to be too early than too late. c) The early
bird gets the worm. d) Come as early as possible.
easy a) The article is easy to translate. b) Many people would like to live in easy
circumstances, but a few can. c) Take it easy!
fast a) My watch is five minute fast. b) Don’t speak so fast! c) Her tears fell fast.
d) Jack is a very fast runner.
deep a) The lake was ten meters deep in its middle. b) He walked fast with his
hands deep in his pockets. c) It’s a deep secret. d) Still waters run deep
(пословица). e) He went on studying deep into the night.
hard a) She found it hard to make up her mind. b) It’s hard for foreigners to
master English spelling. c) Regular physical exercises soon made the boys
hard. d) Students are sure that examiners are hard hearted people. e) He
tried hard to succeed. f) The widow was hard hit by her loss.
long a) Don’t be too long about it, do it quickly. b) Stay as long as you like. c)
He wasn’t long in making up his mind.
late a) Don’t be late for classes! b) The train was ten minutes late. c) Post
graduate students often keep late hours carrying out their experiments or
calculations. d) Better late than never.
half a) This meat is half-cooked. b) Some students are half-dead having passed
the last exam.
quick a) If you haven’t enough time to eat, have a quick meal! b) Let’s analyze the
projects and find a quick way to solve our problems. c) Can’t you run quicker?
d) I don’t know any get-rich-quick methods.
slow a) That clock is five minutes slow. b) We had to buy tickets for slow train
because we failed to book ones for an express train. c) How slow the time
passes! d) You ought to go slow until you feel really well again.
well a) Does this blouse go well with that skirt? b) All’s well that ends well. c)
These people are very well off.
a. Don’t ______ on things which will hardly save you any money. (economy)
b. With the aid of a screwdriver, _____ the two screws at each end. (loose)
c. The final division of Germany was _______ by the completion of the Berlin Wall.
(simbol)
d. This mathematical function is used to ______ the wave functions of elemantary
particles. (specific)
e. It is a systematic attempt to ______ our competitive ability. (strength)
f. I ______ with the philosophy students. (social)
g. The only way we are going to compete with the West is to ______ .(industry)
h. The subject is immensely complex, and hard to _____ . (simple)
i. The chalcopyrite structure compounds can _____ either in the ordered or
disordered states. (crystal)
j. 71 % of emploees are _____ in Belgium. (union)
1. Useful (A) prizes will be awarded to students writing the most imagination (B)
essays.
2. Those who answer the questions successfully (A) will be moved into a more
rapidly (B) class.
3. Courses in comparison (A) linguistics are frequently (B) offered at the university.
4. After several years of unhappiness (A) the couple finally separation (B).
5. The firemen’s decision (A) action averted total destruction (B) of the building.
6. The family reported the mystery (A) disappearance (B) of their child to the police
immediately.
7. All poisonous (A) wastes from the chemicals (B) plant were disposed of safety.
8. The builder’s (A) last house is a repetitive (B) of his first one.
9. The agriculture (A) development (B) of a country is a good measure of its
progress.
10. Fortunately (A), the mayor has comparative (B) few friends in the business
community.
11. The author of this book is also a well-respected (A) lecture (B).
12. The troupe gave satisfactorily (A) performances of some classic (B) plays.
a. A programmer designs, writes and tests programs for performing various tasks on
a computer.
b. A systems analyst studies organizational systems and decides what action needs to
be taken to maximize efficiency.
c. Laser printers are preferable to other types of printing devices because of their
speed and quietness.
d. The microcomputer we have purchased does not have a FORTRAN compiler. It is
programmable in BASIC only.
e. We decided to computerize the entire plant to give each division more
independence.
f. Spooling is a way of storing data temporary on disk or tape until it can be
processed by another part of the system.
g. Turning your office into a paperless environment may be expensive at the
beginning but can produce big savings in the long run.
h. Software developers are producing increasingly sophisticated applications for a
growing global market.
a. She sings lovely (A) and everybody (B) praises (C) her singing (D).
b. Interest in (A) automatic data processing has grown (B) rapid (C) since (D) the
first large calculators were introduced in 1950.
c. Ordinary (A) a tornado breaks up (B) suddenly and dissipates (C) less than four
hours after it has formed (D).
d. To the men who (A) worked so hard (B) on the project, the news was (C)
profound (D) disappointing.
e. This (A) is the mostly (B) beautiful girl I have seen (C) for a long time! (D)
f. Over (A) 50% of Ford Motor Company’s (B) employers (C) and 45% of IBM’s
(D) for instance, live outside of US.
g. The relative (A) rich countries that (B) belong to the Organization of Economic
Cooperation and Development comprise (C) 15 % of the world population but
enjoy (D) 75% of world output.
h. In order for one to achieve the desired results in this experiment, it is necessary
that he (A) work (B) as fastly (C) as (D) possible.
i. During (A) hibernation bears (B) lose (C) between fifteen and thirty percent of
their body weigh (D).
Home-workers
Глава 3. Местоимение.
3.1. Формы местоимений.
Личные местоимения имеют 5 форм: именительный (И), объектный (О) и
притяжательный (П) падежи, абсолютную форму притяжательных местоимений
(АП) и форму возвратных местоимений.
a. The students whom live across the street make a lot of noise .
b. No one knows what happened except you, Flassy, and I.
c. It must have been he whom we saw at the movie.
d. This is a good picture of him.
e. I think that the teacher knows whom took these photographs.
a. The director will hire the person (who, whom) has the best credentials.
b. The first ones in line were Nancy, Jim and (he, him).
c. His shoes are much newer than (her, hers).
d. They offered their seats to you and (I, me).
e. It was (she, her) who asked the question.
f. No one was surprised at (him, his) winning the contest.
g. There should be no secrets between you and (he, him).
h. (Who, Whom) was it that asked that question?
i. Beverly is a good friend of (me, mine).
j. The picnic won’t be any fun without you and (they, them)
k. I can’t figure out (who, whom) is on the phone.
l. John did all the homework by (him, himself).
m. Everyone but (he, him) did well on the test.
a. Jan Sibelius, a Finnish (A) composer (B), captured the spirit of him (C) country in
his music (D).
b. The injured (A) passengers on the airplane that (B) crashed found themself (C)
miles from the nearest (D) hospital.
c. Sequoya, whom English (A) name was (B) George Guess, invented (C) a syllabary
for the Cherokee (D) language.
d. Regarding (A) as the creator of the historical (B) novel, Sir Walter Scott captured
his (C) readers’ imagination with his (D) stirring tales.
e. At the age of (A) 26, William Shakspeare married (B) a woman who was eight
years older (C) than him (D).
f. The Queen of England she keeps (A) her (B) crown in the Tower of London where
(C) both tourists and English citizens can view it (D).
g. Faced with (A) the possibility of a water shortage during the summer month, the
city has asked it (B) citizens to limit (C) their use (D) of water.
h. As the population of Africa continues (A) to grow (B), animals will continue to
lose (C) theirs (D) native habitat.
1. ____ are so happy today! . 2. _____ is so happy today! 3. _____ of them are bright
scientists. 4. ______ is present. 5. _____ of these research workers has his field of
research. 6. _____ the students have their holidays in July and August. 7. Where are
the children? _____ of them are outdoors. 8. ____ of them is so serious. 9. Where are
_____ the boys? 10. ______ is so busy at present.
a. Everyone in the American literature class will receive their textbooks tomorrow.
b. Somebody put his cigarette out in the sink.
c. The queen and her daughter spend much of her free time on horseback.
d. My brother and I will spend my weekend at the lake.
e. It is surprising that no one turned in their paper on time.
f. Each fruit and vegetable were organically grown.
g. Every post-graduate want to pass the grammar test.
h. Everything in the house is for sale.
i. Everyone have to arrive at 8:30 in the morning.
a. Neither the reporters nor the editor have received their paycheck.
b. Everyone have to use their identification number to activate the computer.
c. In the bus sit the musicians, each holding their instrument.
d. The boy’s new jeans is so old that they look like a rag.
e. Anyone who abuse their children should be punished for their actions.
f. No one are as ambitious as who want to be rich.
g. Both London and Paris is crowded in the summer because it is so famous.
h. The list of special courses are available at the front desk because they are requested
by so many students.
i. The hundred thousand dollars were found because the thief dropped them while
escaping.
a. Each of the companies claims their products will outlast its competitors.
b. The recording equipment and their carrying case were never put back in their
proper place.
c. His family was shocked when James killed themselves.
d. That chain of discount stores will lose customers if it doesn’t improve their service
department.
e. The New York Times, renowned for their news coverage, recently increased its
readership.
f. Neither the students nor their teacher was happy with his test grades.
g. Just offstage stood the conductor and its assistants with their equipment.
h. The secretary put the letter back in her envelope and filed it.
i. Unlike his predecessor, the president feels it is in their country’s best interest to
reduce taxes.
j. Alaska’s North Scope has found itself full of geologists and its seismic equipment.
a. Help yourself to a biscuit. There are one or two left in the tin.
b. My days are so busy that I don’t have much time for relaxation.
c. She’s exceptionally generous. Hardly anyone gives more money to charity than
she does.
d. There’s a tiny bit of butter left, but not much.
e. He keeps trying, although he doesn’t have much chance of success.
f. “I’m afraid you need three or four fillings,” said the dentist.
g. He must have made a hundred clocks in his life, but only one or two of them ever
worked properly.
h. She wasn’t very hungry. She just had one or two spoonfuls of soup.
a. The local soccer team has a season record that will put them in the final
competition.
b. Mary reads just as well as him.
c. Do you actually believe it is they who sent the letter?
d. The children were extremely boisterous, which annoyed their teacher.
e. When a person decides to move from the city to a farm, they should be prepared to
make some mistakes.
f. You will never be able to convince him or her.
g. Him that speaks before he thinks will get himself in trouble.
h. The last owner of this house obviously didn’t enjoy working outdoors because
they neglected the lawn.
i. The coach appreciated them giving him a new jacket.
j. The crowd was so large that it took us a long time to get through them.
k. One or the other of these people must give up their turn to speak.
l. The engineers studied the data carefully, but it didn’t seem correct.
m. I forgot my books, which will force me to return home to get them.
n. There is some disagreement among they who were at the meeting.
o. The teacher made all these improvements themselves.
p. She is very sad which makes me sad, too.
q. You cannot please both George and me.
r. Did you know it was him who started the fire in the wastebasket.
I. Chinese people have made the most successful study of earthquakes because China
has had the world’s worst earthquakes. Two times in (1) _____ history, in 1556 and in
1976, more than half a million people lost (2) _____ lives in earthquakes. In the
winter of 1974-1975 there were readable signs twice. Almost (3) _____ the people
left the cities, but the earthquake did not happen. Two months later the experts again
warned the people. (4) _____ were unwilling to leave (5) _____ homes. (6) ______
thought (7) ______ was (8) ________ false alarm. However the police evacuated the
dangerous areas. This time a severe earthquake did happen. Thousands of lives were
saved.
a) it; b) their; c) its; d) all; e) some; f) another.
To know (9) _____ is going on in the world is (10) _____ person’s right today, but it
was once the luxury of (11) _____ leaders. Even so, the knowledge of events was
slow in getting to the privileged class. Today, a world wide system of communication
makes news available quickly to nearly (12) ____ (13) _____ can read, to (14) _____
person (15) ______ has a radio, to (16) _____ (17) _____ can watch TV.
g) who; h) every; i) everybody; j) what; k) which; l) a few; m) little.
II. (1)____ years ago mathematicians (2) ____ over the world observed the 100th
anniversary of the first proof of the prime number theorem. (3) ____ famous theorem
tells (4)____ what proportion of the positive integers are prime numbers. The
emergence of number theory as a by-product of numerology is analogous to that of
(5)____ great science, astronomy, (6)____ owes (7)____ origins to a pseudoscience,
astrology. Numbers that aren’t prime are composite, except that the number 1 is
(8)____ prime ____ composite. This theorem has grown into a vast and beautiful
branch of mathematics that for centuries has attracted the attention of (9)____
amateur ____ professional mathematicians.
a) this; b) another; c) neither … nor; d) which; e) some; f) both … and; g) all;
h) its; i) us.
3.8. Тесты на местоимения.
a. The more (A) profits US corporations earn in another (B) countries, the less (C)
they need to care (D) about infrastructure and education in their country.
b. Any (A) material that (B) carries an (C) electric current even a straight wire -
exhibit (D) all the characteristics of the passive circuit elements: resistance,
capacitance and inductance.
c. We are not against him (A) being (B) present (C) at the coming (D) conference.
d. Both (A) of (B) airliners arrived (C) on (D) time.
e. Among pure pharmaceuticals (A), the earliest to be isolated from (B) natural (C)
sources they were (D) the alkaloids.
f. My friend makes (A) less (B) mistakes in English than (C) I do (D).
Глава 4. Предлог.
Так как в современном английском языке падежные окончания почти
полностью отсутствуют, то предлоги играют важную роль, являясь одним из
главных средств выражения отношения существительного (или местоимения) к
другим словам в предложении. Предлоги выражают пространственные,
временные, причинные и др. отношения. Многие предлоги имеют несколько
значений: at the table, at 5 o’clock, to laugh at smb.
Некоторые глаголы могут употребляться с различными предлогами, меняя свое
значение в зависимости от предлога: to look at smb. – смотреть на кого-то; to
look for smb. – искать кого-то; to look after smb.- присматривать за кем-то.
Предлоги также входят в состав большого числа словосочетаний и выражений.
Некоторые глаголы в английском языке требуют после себя предлога, в то время
как после соответствующих им русских глаголов предлог не употребляется: to
wait for smb.- ждать кого-то; to listen to smb.- слушать кого-то. С другой
стороны, в английском языке есть ряд глаголов, которые не требуют после себя
предлога, тогда как соответствующие им русские глаголы употребляются с
предлогами: to follow smb. - следовать за кем-то; to enter smth.- входить в.
Предлоги бывают простые (of, for, on), сложные (below, between), составные (in
front of, out of).
Предлоги обычно ставятся перед существительными, к которым они относятся,
однако в ряде случаев могут стоять после них, а также в конце предложения:
This is a picture on the wall.
What street do you live in?
This novel is much spoken about.
Следует также отличать случаи так называемого несвободного, фиксированного
употребления предлогов в том или ином сочетании слов: on duty, on foot; а
также широкое употребление послелогов, то есть предлогов, обязательных для
ряда глаголов и стоящих после них: (to laugh at, to listen to и т.д.)
Можно выделить три относительно большие группы предлогов: предлоги
времени, предлоги места, предлоги направления.
4.1.Предлоги времени.
a. I get up early ____ the morning and go to bed late ____ night.
b. I’m so bored. There’s nothing to do ___ weekends.
c. He went swimming ___ Sunday morning, and ____ the evening he play squash.
d. I love going for walks ____ summer. It’s still light ___ nine o’clock.
e. I take my annual holiday ____ June, but I have a few days off ____ Christmas.
f. He usually starts work ____ 9.30, but ____ Friday he starts ____ 8.30.
g. I was born ____ 18 January, 1954.
h. People exchange presents ____ Christmas Day.
i. This house was built ____ the nineteenth century.
____ February; ____ Monday; ____ 11 o’clock; ____ night; ____ the daytime; ____
March; ____ an autumn day; ____ what time? late ____ the evening; ____ Friday;
____ the XYIII century; ____ June; ____ the afternoon; ____ 2 o’clock p.m.; ____
the 1st Sunday; ____ a fine September day; ____ Friday evening; ____ noon; (через)
____ a fortnight; ____ the 2nd ____ December; ____ midnight; _____ sunny summer
morning.
4.4.Предложные сочетания.
in x 3 on x3 out of x2 for at by
a. After running up the stairs he was __________ breath.
b. My sister and I are very different. We don’t have much ______ common at all.
c. I don’t want to go to Franco’s Restaurant again. We always go there. Let’s go
somewhere else
_____ a change.
d. I don’t dislike Jane. ______ the contrary, I’m very fond of her.
e. _______ general I go abroad for my holidays, but occasionally I stay at home.
f. It always pays to buy high-quality goods. _____ the long run it’s cheaper.
g. You most certainly cannot borrow my car. It’s completely ______ the question.
h. This is a very important decision. All our lives are _____ stake.
i. I went on holiday _____ my own because sometimes I like being _____ myself.
j. I’ll do it tomorrow. No, _____ second thoughts, I’ll do it today.
k. I’ll love you _____ ever!
l. Thank you ____ advance.
*Упр.4.4.5. Заполните пропуски соответствующим предлогом.
a. At two thousand pounds, the car looks like a bargain. It’s _____ very good
condition.
b. Don’t talk to me at the moment. Five bills arrived in the post today. I’m _____ a
bad mood.
c. ____ average, I spend about thirty pounds a week on food.
d. The house was _____ fire, but the blaze was soon brought _____ control.
e. As I’m the deputy, I’m _____ charge of the office while the manager is away.
f. I can see the arguments for capital punishment, but personally I’m not ____ favour
of it.
g. Don’t give me any money for it. You can have it _____ nothing.
h. It’s a good idea ______ theory, but I don’t think it’ll work _____ practice.
i. When you go away, you’ll keep ____ touch, won’t you? I want to hear all your
news.
j. I don’t think you dropped the vase _____ accident. I think you did it ____ purpose.
a. After the operation, he went home to recuperate. ______ he made good progress,
but his condition soon began to deteriorate.
b. ____ of the film, we are introduced to the two main characters, Bill and Sarah
Cunningham.
c. Damain told me the other day that he wants to be an astronaut. I didn’t believe him
______ , but then I realized he was serious!
d. She spent days trying to decide what to do. She _______ decided that the best
course of action was to do nothing.
e. I’ve spent thousand of pounds trying to get my driving licence, and now, after
seventeen goes, I’ve got it ________!
f. They tried hard to make the marriage work, but their hearts weren’t in it, and they
got divorced ________ .
g. The story jumps around from place to place, and there are characters introduced
who don’t seem to be connected. ________ , you have very little idea of what it
was all about.
h. I had to wait weeks for the cheque to come, but it arrived ________ .
a. I applied ____ the job that I saw advertised ____ the paper.
b. I think you’re quite right. I absolutely agree _____ you.
c. They are arguing ____ who’s going to win the World Cup.
d. Water consists ____ hydrogen and oxygen.
e. After six months of working overtime, she succeeded _____ paying off her debts.
f. It took him a long time to recover ____ the injuries he sustained in the car crash.
g. I’d like to complain ____ the manager _____ the state of my room. It isn’t very
tidy.
h. Compared ____ many countries, the cost of living in Spain is quite low.
i. She was concentrating so hard _____ her book that she didn’t hear me come into
the room.
j. Do you believe _____ reincarnation? I do.
k. Who does that car belong _____? It’s in my way.
l. Could I speak ____ you for a moment ____ our plans for next month? It’s rather
important.
m. Gold is not affected ____ moisture.
n. The work was divided ____ four students.
o. The ship cruises ____ Odessa and Batumy.
Пример: Who are you looking at? I’m looking at that man.
a. ________________________ She’s talking about politics.
b. ________________________ I’m waiting for the postman to arrive.
c. ________________________ He works for the American government.
d. _______________________ I’m writing to the Prime Minister.
e. ________________________ She was angry with her husband.
f. ________________________ The house belongs to Mr Briggs.
g. ________________________ The letter’s for you.
h. ________________________ I stayed with some friends.
a. I was badly beaten up when I tried to break up a fight outside a pub last night.
b. You should tell the police that it wasn’t your fault. I’ll stick up for you, don’t
worry.
c. Soon there will be no import duties within the Common Market. They’re going to
do away with them.
d. Government forces in Walliland have put down a revolt by a group of soldiers.
e. The business went through a lean period at the beginning of the year, but things are
picking up now.
f. Looking after six kids all day has completely worn me out!
g. Many old people are taken in by bogus officials, who call their houses, find a
pretence for looking round and then steal their property.
h. I was told off for being late again this morning. If it happens again, my pay gets
docked.
i. We’ve bought an old house which isn’t in very good condition, but we’ll do it up
bit by bit.
j. Don’t believe her when she says she’s got stomach ache. She’s putting it on. She
just wants to get out of going to school.
k. I had a very unhappy childhood, but the delights of being an adult and a parent
have made up for that.
l. I can’t solve the riddle at all. I give in. What’s the answer?
m. The government is going to set up an inquiry into the condition of Britain’s
prisons.
n. Police have ruled out murder, but are still holding several people for questioning.
o. He’s a great mate of mine. He’s the kind of friend who’ll stand by you through
thick and thin.
Список синонимов латинского происхождения.
1. compensate for ___________ 9. establish_______________
2. exhaust _________________ 10. exclude _______________
3. deceive _________________ 11.improve _______________
4. defend __________________ 12. decorate_______________
5. pretend _________________ 13. surrender ______________
6. abolish _________________ 14. support ________________
7. reprimand _______________ 15. assault ________________
8. suppress ________________
*Упр.4.6.5.g. Затруднения, которые приносят многочисленные и многозначные
phrasal verbs иностранцам и самим носителям языка тонко подмечены
английскими журналистами. Далее в качестве примера приводится статья
Майлса Кингтона, опубликованная в газете The Independent и написанная в
форме урока английского языка по теме Phrasal verbs. Перед чтением сделайте
ряд упражнений.
a) Догадайтесь о значении следующих phrasal verbs, фигурирующих в статье.
a. My sister has written, asking if we can put her up for a few days whilst she’s in
London.
b. Paul was left ten thousand pounds in his grandfather’s will, so he set himself up as
a photographer.
c. This bad weather’s really getting me down.
d. The flat isn’t very nice, but I can put up with it until I find somewhere better.
e. The family dog was old and crippled, so they decided reluctantly that they had to
have her put down.
f. Let’s meet on the 20th . Put the date down in your diary so you don’t forget it.
g. James Gregory was sent down for ten years for his part in the robbery.
h. Peter thinks I’m trying to get off with his girlfriend, but I don’t find her very
attractive. Anyway, I wouldn’t do a thing like that to a mate of mine.
i. Have you seen how Jane always putting him down? Either she criticizes him for
the way he dresses, or the way he eats or the way he speaks, and she makes him
feel such a fool!
j. “I’ve been set up,” thought Alice. “Joe told the director that I was incompetent,
than altered the accounts making it look like my handwriting, and now I’ve been
accused of stealing money!”
k. Jeremy, who is a very good mimic, was sending up the Director and the way he
screws up his face when he talks, when the Director himself came into the room.
You could have heard a pin drop!
b) Сопоставьте phrasal verbs с предложенными определениями.
1. to depress, make miserable ____________
2. to send to prison _____________
3. to establish a business __________________
4. to prove a bed for someone for a short while _________________
5. to imitate someone in such a way as to make them appear foolish ________
6. to write down ______________
7. to kill (an animal) out of humanitarian reasons ______________
8. to tolerate _________________
9. to begin a romantic or sexual relationship with someone ____________
10. to make someone appear guilty in order to get them into trouble ________
11. to make someone seem foolish by criticizing and ridiculing them _______
c) Теперь прочитайте статью.
Miles Kington
Could I say to the vet, “Here is my cat, please have her sent up?”
Learning English as a Second Language
Part 597: Dealing with political pollsters.
Please help me. What do I say if I stopped in the street by a man asking questions
about elections? This was happening to me all the time during the general election.
You say: ”Put me down as a Don’t Know”.
Put me down as a Don’t Know, I see. What exactly does that mean?
It means you don’t want any more questions.
I see. What does “put me down” mean?
It means, write me down on paper.
But in lesson 413, you told me that “put down” means to make a lot of fun of. Your
sentence was “Every comedian thinks it is funny to put down Val Doonican.”
Yes, well, it means that as well.
So maybe the man asking the questions will make fun of me?
No, no.
And in lesson 512, you said that “put down” also means to have your favourite
animal killed. Your sentence was: “We are taking our cat to the vet for him to be put
down.”
Did I? Well, yes, it means that too.
So I am afraid that the man asking the political questions will have me painlessly
killed when I say “Put me down as a Don’t Know.”
No, no, he won’t do that, I promise.
If “put down” means to make fun of, suppose “put up” means to take seriously.
No, no. It means to accommodate for a few days. Here is another sentence for you:
“My mother has written to say she is coming to stay with us, so we will have to put
her up for the weekend.”
That is a bit like a sentence I remember from lesson 87. “I do my best to put up with
your mother.”
Ah, yes, that’s put up with.
What does “put down with” mean?
Nothing.
Could I say “Set me down as a Don’t Know”?
No. “Set down” means to let someone off a train at a railway station.
And “set up” means to let them on the train at the railway station?
Mmm, not exactly. Actually, it means something the police do when all else fails.
Here is another sentence for you. “I spent three years in jail because the police set me
up for the Croydon job”.
Would they do that?
Not if you’d really done the Croydon job. “Set up,” by the way, also means to give
someone lots of money. For example, my parents set me up as a teacher of English as
a second language.
But the police would not give you lots of money for the Croydon job?
No, I think not.
Would it be possible to say to this man in the street: “Sent me down as a Don’t
Know?”
Well, not really, “Send down” means to put someone in prison.
Oh, I see. The police set you up first and then they send you down.
Yes. Well, not quite. The police set you up, but the judges send you down.
This is all done to make more jobs?
Yes, I think so.
Well, if “send down” means to put you in prison, does “send up” mean get someone
out of prison?
Not exactly. In fact, not at all. “Send up” means to make a lot of fun of.
Ah, just like “put down”. So the sentence from lesson 413 could also be: “Every
comedian thinks it is funny to send up Val Doonican”?
Very good, absolutely right. Spot on.
And I could also say to the man in the street: “Send me up as a Don’t Know.”
No.
And I could say to the vet: ”Here is my cat - please have her sent up”?
No.
English is very difficult to learn as a second language.
Believe me, English is very difficult to teach as a second language. It gets me down
sometimes.
Get down? You mean, as in the phrase: “Get down and boogie”?
Where did you learn to speak like that?
In a disco in the West End, where I also learn English as a second language.
Ah, no, that is American as a second language. Oh, just look at the time. I think that is
enough for today’s lesson. I must get off.
Get off with whom?
I will deal with that in our next lesson.
a. Keep your fingers crossed for me! 1. I’ve nearly remembered it.
b. I’m pulling your leg! 2. It makes no sense to me at all.
c. It’s on the tip of my tongue. 3. I’m joking!
d. I’ll keep an eye on her for you. 4. I’ll watch her while you’re out.
e. I can’t make head or tail of it. 5. Wish me luck!
f. I really put my foot in it, didn’t I? 6. I said the wrong thing.
1.I hope, the change of the climate will …(приносить вам пользу) 2. I’ll visit them
(попозже). 3. (Прежде всего) we’ll have to check the state of things. 4. When shall I
see you в следующий раз)? 5. Let’s meet (послезавтра). 6. “How old will he be next
year?” “30 (в крайнем случае, самое большее) 7. Everything will happen (своим
чередом). 8. You may keep it (навсегда).
*Упр.4.6.6.d. В этом упражнении выделены идиоматических выражения.
Прочитайте внимательно текст и догадайтесь о смысле этих выражений.
SIMPLE (A) решение, принятое (A) Perhaps I’ll call you perhaps,
FUTURE в момент речи after lunch. probably,
(will) (B) предсказание (B) You will pass the test. possibly,
вероятного события Don’t worry. (I think so.) I think,
в будущем по I am sure,
личному мнению I wonder
(C) выражение (C) If I don’t feel better
готовности, желания soon, I will go to the
что-либо сделать doctor.
FUTURE (A)продолжительное (A) At noon tomorrow, I’ll At noon,
CONTINU действие в be giving a lesson. at 5 o'clock,
OUS определенный at midnight,
момент будущем at that
(B)продолжительное (B) I’ll be preparing for my moment
действие, которое examination in May.
будет совершаться в
отрезке времени, но
не непрерывно
(B) недлительное (C) He’ll be meeting us near
действие, когда the laboratory.
выражается
уверенность в его
совершении
FUTURE (A) действие, которое (A) By next July, my
PERFECT будет закончено к parents will have been
определенному married for fifty years.
времени в будущем
FUTURE (A) подчеркивается (A) By May, my father will
PERFECT продолжительность have been working at the
CONTINU периода времени, same job for thirty years.
OUS который пройдет до
определенного
момента в будущем
5.2. Настоящее и прошедшее время и связанные с ними указатели
времени.
1. the day before yesterday; 2. a week ago; 3. in the past; 4. at that time; 5. lately; 6.
today; 7. a minute ago; 8. just; 9. since; 10. never; 11. this year; 12. so far;
13.yesterday; 14.just now; 15.ever; 16.last Wednesday; 17.last night; 18.not yet;
19.up to now; 20.last century; 21.this century.
1. ... you ever (to visit) ... Hungary? 2. Our group ... (to tour) Yugoslavia this month.
3. The film ... (to produce) a good impression on me. 4. A fortnight ago the theatre
... (to produce) a new play.
5. When ... you (to finish) ... school? 6. I ... (to happen) to see John the other day. 7.
I … (to start) writing my book two years ago. 8. I … (to write) half of it since. 9. We
… (to witness) great progress in space research this century.
have
a. He ______ four cars, all of them Rolls-Royces.
b. I _______ lunch with my mother tomorrow.
think
a. What ________ you _______ of Stephen Spielberg's latest film?
b. You're day-dreaming. What ___________ you __________ about?
expect
a. I ______ an important phone call from America. Could you tell me when it comes?
b. I _____ you're hungry after so much hard work. Shall I get you something?
appear
a. He _________ to understand what you say to him, but when you ask him a
question, he isn't so sure.
b. Roy Pond _________ at Her Majesty's Theatre in the role of King Lear.
smell
a. Something ___________ good in the kitchen. What's cooking?
b. Why __________ you __________ the meat? Do you think it's gone off?
weigh
a. I need to know how much the meat _____ to know how long to cook it for.
b. Why _____ you _____ yourself? Do you think you've put on weight?
see
a. I _________ what you mean, but I don't agree.
b. She ________ a solicitor about her aunt's will.
have
a. I usually pick up languages quickly, but I ____ difficulties learning Chinese.
b. He __________ more clothes than a department store.
look
a. It ________ as if it's going to rain.
b. What are you doing on your hands and knees? ______ you ______ for
something?
think
a. What _________ you ________ of doing when you leave here?
b. How much ________ you _________ it would cost to fly to Australia?
Упр.5.3.3. Вставьте один из глаголов: hear, listen to, see, look at, watch в
правильной форме. С глаголами hear и see часто употребляется can или can't.
Пример: She'll pay me back. She'll get some money. (as soon as)
She'll pay me back, as soon as she gets some money.
a. I'll wait here. You'll get back. (until)
b. Give me a ring. You'll hear some news. (when)
c. The TV programme will end. I'll do my homework. (after)
d. I'll go to work. I'll have a bath. (before)
e. She'll be in Paris. She'll visit friends. (while)
f. The lesson will end. I'll go home. (as soon as)
g. I won't leave the house. The postman will call. (until)
h. Can you feed the cats? I'll be away. (while)
i. I'll tell you about the holiday. I'll get back. (when)
j. I'll study English. I'll speak it perfectly. (until)
a. Barbara Lively________ (write) a lot of books. She ________ (write) her first
fifteen years ago.
b. ______________ you ever ___________ (try) Indian food?
c. I _____ never _____ (be) to Japan. When _____ you _____ (go) there?
d. I ____________ (live) in London for eight years, and I don't want to move.
e. He __________ (live) in Oxford for two years, and then in 1995 he _________
(move) to London.
f. We ____________ (meet) Tim and Maureen three years ago. How long
_________ you _________ (know) them?
1) You should open the wine about three hours before you use it.
2) Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit.
3) We use this room only on special occasions.
4) You must not hammer nails into the walls without permission.
5) Someone switched on a light and opened the door.
6) Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife.
7) Why didn't they mend the roof before it fell in?
8) Someone will serve refreshments.
9) Someone has already told him to report for duty at six.
10) No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information.
11) People are spending far more money on food now that they spent ten years
ago.
12) The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month.
13) It is high time someone told him to stop behaving like a child.
14) They are pulling down the old theatre.
a. You have sent us the wrong items again. (The wrong ….. )
b. You should have delivered this consignment last week. (This consignment …)
c. Someone broke two of the VDUs during transportation. ( Two ….. )
d. You should have sent the documents by registered post. (The documents ….. )
e. A faulty connection could have caused the problems with the hard disk. (The
problems ….. )
f. You omitted the manuals from the order. (The manuals ….. )
g. You delivered the printers over three weeks late. (The printers ….. )
h. We will not pay the invoice until this problem is rectified. (The invoice ….. )
Пример: We have awarded our staff a twenty per cent pay rise.
Unfortunately, the number of staff will be reduced by fifty per cent.
a. Someone built this bridge in 1901.
b. No one has seen the escaped prisoner since a guard was knocked out by him and
he ran away.
c. A secretary has invited me to Buckingham Palace to collect an award!
d. Someone wants you in reception.
e. The telephone, which was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876,
revolutionized man's ability to communicate.
f. The closure of the workshops will make a lot of men redundant.
g. At interviews, people ask you quite searching questions.
h. Alexander Graham Bell was a scientist and inventor. The telephone was invented
by him in 1876, and he also worked on early radio transmitters.
i. Scientists working in California have discovered a drug which stops premature
aging. They will now manufacture the drug commercially, and it should be
available soon.
j. Nobody must take reference books out of the library.
k. The Health Service has prospered under this government. It is true that we have
closed hospitals and spent less money, but the system is now streamlined.
l. A tiger was found roaming in a suburban garden today. Mrs Ethel Templeton
found the tiger while she was hanging out her washing.
m. We broke a few cups while you were away. Sorry. They'll be replaced. Apart
from that, we didn't do much damage at all.
n. I'm a fantastically successful author. I have sold over one million copies of my
books.
o. Doctors have given him six months to live.
При употреблении этих времен следует помнить, что Present Perfect Continuous
подчеркивает длительность действия, в то время как Present Perfect Simple
подчеркивает факт совершения действия.
A B
Ann's been sunbathing. She's furious.
She's been shopping. She's got paint in her hair
She's been working in the garden. She's crying.
She's been reading for hours. Her back hurts.
She's been watching a sad film. She hasn't got any money left.
She's been waiting for hours. She's a bit burnt.
She's been doing the housework. She's soaking wet.
She's been decorating the bathroom. The house smells of onions and garlic.
She's been cooking. Her eyes hurt.
She's been bathing the children. Everything's spotless.
Упр.5.8.3. Употребите глагол в скобках в правильном времени (Present Perfect
или Present Perfect Continuons.)
a. I'm exhausted. I ________ (work) all day, and I ______ (not finish) yet.
b. I __________ (visit) many countries in the last five years.
c. Someone ___________ (take) my books. I ___________ (look) for them for ages,
but I can't find them anywhere.
d. I ______________ (shop) all morning, but I ____________ (not buy) anything
yet. I haven't seen anything I've liked.
e. The best book I _______________ ever ________________ (read) is One
Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Marquez.
f. A You're filthy! What _____________ you ____________ (do)?
B I ____ (work) in the garden. I ___ (plant) all the vegetables for next year.
g. I _______ (wait) for two hours, but nobody _________ (arrive) yet.
Пример: I have been learning (learn) Italian for the past three years, but there's still
a lot I don't understand (not understand).
Пример: When we returned to the car we saw (saw) that someone had smashed
(smash) the windows.
1. I ________ (realise) I __________ (lose) my purse when I opened my bag.
2. He ________ (lose) the squash game because he _________ (never / play) squash
before in his life.
3. David ____________ (buy) his ticket the week before, so I don’t understand why
he ___________ (try) to get in without paying.
4. By the time she __________ (be) eighteen she ___________ (visit) nearly every
capital city in the world.
5. Paula ________(drop) the cup she was holding and ________ (burst) into tears.
6. Why _____________ (you / not speak) to Jim at the meeting yesterday? Because
he _______________ (leave) by the time I got there.
7. Sally was upset when _________ (you / not / eat) any of her birthday cake. I
_______ (not / can) help it. I __________ (just / eat) a huge meal.
8. You _______________ (look) happy when you were talking to Jackie last night.
Yes. I _________________ (not / see) her for six years.
9. “It _________ (take) nearly four hours to drive to the garden party, and when we
____________ (get) there they ____________ (refuse) to let us in!”
“Why?”
“Because we _______________(forget) to bring our invitations.”
10. Johnny ___________ (spent) seven years of his life in prison before he ______
(realise) that the things he _______ (done) to get there were wrong. He
_______(rob) banks, he _______ (burgle) houses, he ________ (steal) cars. But,
fortunately , he ___________ (never / kill) anyone.
1. Barry was very excited because it was his first time on television.
never
Barry _______________ before, so he was very excited.
2. The children ran over the bridge to see the fire engine, but it was no longer there.
had
The fire engine ___________________ time the children ran over the bridge.
3. He looked familiar to me, but in fact he was a complete stranger.
met
Although he looked familiar to me, I ___________________ before.
4. After they had had the contract read by a lawyer, they signed it.
before
They had the contract read by a lawyer ___________________ it.
5. Staying in a five-star hotel was a new experience for us.
stayed
We __________________ in a five-star hotel before.
6. They arrived at the cinema just in time to see "The End" come up on the screen.
just
The film __________________ by the time they arrived at the cinema.
7. He had to write over fifty letters to get an interview.
had
He got an interview only after ___________________ over fifty letters.
8. She left the office after turning off all the lights.
turned
After __________________ all the lights, she left the office.
9. When we arrived at the house, Dan had just left.
soon
Dan left the house and __________________ after.
10. I checked that I had my passport with me before I left for the airport.
after
I left for the airport ________________ that I had my passport with me.
Пример: When I arrived home, I was starving. I hadn't had anything to eat all day.
a. Tom was furious with Alice because she ______________________.
b. James inherited a small fortune from his father, but a year later he didn't have a
penny. __________________.
c. She was fined $ 200 because she ____________________.
d. When I saw him, he was pale and shaking like a leaf. ______________.
e. He was two hours late for the wedding because ______________.
f. I didn't know her name, but the face was familiar. I was sure __________.
g. I couldn't answer any of the exam questions, although __________.
h. James was very proud of his eighteen-year-old son, who _________.
Пример: Everybody knew he had stolen / had been stealing from his employer for
years.
a. I knew the facts of the case because I had read / had been reading the report.
b. My eyes ached because I had read / had been reading for three hours.
c. The children were filthy. They had played / had been playing in the garden, and
they were covered in mud.
d. I was very nervous at the beginning of the match. I had never played/ had never
been playing her before, and I didn't know how good she was.
e. Donald excelled himself as a cook. He had cooked / had been cooking a wonderful
Spanish dish.
f. Donald was very cross. He had worked/ had been working in the kitchen all
morning, and none had offered to help.
Упр.5.9.7. Составьте предложения, используя слова в скобках. Используйте
следующие глагольные времена: Present Perfect, Present Perfect Coutinuous, Past
Perfect, Past Perfect Coutinuous.
Пример: Ann is sitting on the ground. She's out of breath. (she / run) She has been
running.
a. Where's my bag? I left it under this chair. (somebody / take / it)
b. We were all surprised when Jenny and Andy got married last year. (they / only /
know / each other / a few weeks)
c. It's still raining. I wish it would stop. (it / rain / all day)
d. Suddenly I woke up. I was confused and didn't know where I was. (I / dream)
e. I wasn't hungry at lunchtime so I didn't have anything to eat. (I / have / a big
breakfast)
f. Every year Bob and Alice spend a few days at the same hotel by the sea. (they / go
/ there for years)
g. I've got a headache. (I / have / it / since I got up)
h. Next week Gerry is going to run in a marathon. ( he / train / very hard for it)
A B
I was very fit when I was young. It used to follow me everywhere.
The teachers at my school were horrible. ___________ go everywhere by bus.
My sister’s room was so messy. _______ freeze on winter morning.
I had a dog when I was a kid. ___________ fly Concord.
My family had some lovely holidays. ______ never ______ tidy it at all.
When I was young we didn’t have a car. ___________ do a lot of exercises.
And we didn’t have central heating. ___________ hit the pupils.
My uncle was a pilot for British Airways. _______ go camping all over Europe.
Упр.5.10.3. Составьте краткие ответы с never used to, и скажите , что на самом
деле имело место в прошлом.
We (a) met while we were doing a course in London. It wasn't exactly love at first
sight, but I often (b) found myself looking in his direction, and he always
(c) smiled back, and his eyes (d) linger red just a little longer than was necessary. So
we (e) started having lunch together in a small cafe, and then, if the weather was fine,
we (f) went for a walk in the park, and (g) chatted endlessly about everything. He
(h) lived at one end of town, and I was miles away, but we often (i) met at weekends.
I (j) thought it would last for ever, but of course it didn't. Nothing does!
Пример: When you have read my book, could you give it back to me?
Of course. As soon as I've finished it, I'll give it to you.
a. I ____________ (not be) in touch unless there __________ (be) something urgent
to tell you.
b. The children _______ (not go) to bed until they ____ (have) a glass of milk.
c. You _________ (phone) me before you ________ (go) away, won't you?
d. A When __________________ you (go) to the pub?
B When I ______ (finish) this work. It _______ (take) about another hour.
e. If you ________________ (not hurry) up, we ______________ (be) late.
f. I ___ (come) to London as soon as you _____ (find) somewhere for us to live.
g. I'm sure you _____ (feel) a lot better after you ______ (take) your medicine.
h. We _______ (have dinner) as soon as all the guests _______ (arrive).
i. You _________ (not forget) to lock the door if you ______ (go) out, will you?
j. I ______________ (not let) you go until I ____________ (tell-passive) the truth.
Which of you did it?
a. You can’t rely on him. He is always ______ excuses for never getting things done.
b. Just a minute, I have to ____ a call.
c. The recent cable break has ____ a lot of damage.
d. You either know the answer or you don’t. It’s no good ____ guesses.
e. Which modern languages are you ____ ?
f. We _____ an agreement and you’ve broken it.
g. I’ve got a lot of jobs to ____ this morning.
h. I shouldn’t employ him. He’s always ____ trouble.
i. We‘ve been studying this radiation for a year, but we haven’t ____ much progress.
j. A car that size only ____ about 10 miles to the gallon.
drink row look swim bath breakfast word day game time supper
a. Абсолютная
уверенность Will (would), won’t (wouldn’t)
Will, won’t: + have done:
Is that the phone? It’ll be You say you stayed in a hotel
John. He said he’d ring near the lake? That would have
around now. been my parent’s hotel! What a
Don’t take the cake out of coincidence!
the oven. It won’t be ready It won’t have been Peter you
yet. met at the party last night. He
was ill in bed.
b. Наиболее
логичная Must, can’t + have done:
интерпретация Must, can’t, couldn’t: He must have got lost. He
ситуации на You must be joking. I don’t can’t have known the way.
основе имеющихся believe you.
фактов, несколько She can’t be well today.
менее She had a sore throat and
определенная, чем high temperature yesterday.
в предыдущем
случае.
c. Обоснованное
ожидание того, что Should + have done:
что-то случиться Should, shouldn’t: Where’s Henry? He should
при условии, что We should be moving into have been here ages ago!
все произойдет по our new house soon (as
плану. long as all the arrangements
go smoothly).
This homework shouldn’t
take you too long (if you
‘ve understood what you
d. Невысокая have to do)
вероятность May, may not + have done:
события. May, may not: Where is Ann? She may have
We may go to Greece for overslept.
our holidays, but we may
not have enough money to
e. Еще меньшая go abroad this summer.
уверенность в Might, might not, could + have
предположении. Might, might not, could: done:
You could (might) be right She might have decided not to
but I doubt it. come.
The American film could She might not have forgotten.
be worth seeing but it
7. Просьба. might not be admirable.
---
Could, can, would, will:
Can you lend me 5 pounds
until tomorrow?
Will you give me a lift?
Could (would) you explain
8. Предложение. this rule for me?
---
Will, shall:
- What shall I do for you?
- I want someone to do a lot
of typing for me.
9. Намерение, - Will I do?
неизбежность Wouldn’t:
Will, won’t: He was angry because she
I’ll pay back tomorrow. wouldn’t lend him any money.
10. Упрек. The car won’t start.
Could (might) + have done:
Might, could: You could (might) have done it
He could be more yesterday.
industrious. He could not (might not) have
You might at least offer her sent this cable.
help.
a. You ___________ give Freddy any more sweets or he won’t eat any tea.
b. The doctor said I _______________ go back to the hospital; my leg is all right.
c. You ___________ make any sandwiches for me. I’m not hungry.
d. She ___________ fill in a new application form, we have the other one.
e. You ___________ mention this to Kate, or she’ll get upset.
f. She ____________ bring a doctor’s certificate, she was only away for one day.
g. You ____________ take any more aspirins, you’ve had four already.
h. Tell her she ______________ open any letters marked “personal”.
Упр.6.3.2. Употребите нужный модальный глагол из предложенных только один
раз в наиболее подходящей ситуации.
Упр.6.3.3. Заполните пропуски формами have to, don’t have to или should
учитывая, что все предложения связаны с темой “Посещение Америки”.
can may might must don’t have to needn’t ought rather want
Foreign students in Britain (1) ________ usually stay with family or they (2)
_______ be able to find a cheap hotel if they’d (3) ________ be on their own. Those
who (4) _______ to improve their English very quickly normally stay with a family.
Students who come to Britain for more than three months (5) _______ register with
the police. If you stay for less than three months, you (6) ________ register at the
police station. All foreign students (7) ________ to register with a doctor although it
is not compulsory. You (8) ________ need medical help during your stay. If you fall
ill, you (9) _________ go directly to a hospital unless it is a serious emergency.
Phone your doctor first.
2. I saw Alice in town yesterday. b. I’ve just seen her playing tennis.
3. I was served in a restaurant by Tessa. c. She’s only fifteen.
4. Is Sheila thinking of moving? d. There’s a strong smell coming from
next door.
5. Did Anita get engaged to Alan? e. She went abroad last week.
6. Has Pat hurt his leg? f. She told me she did not like him.
7. Is Jenny going out with Tom? g. She’s a school-teacher.
8. Is Mary having her flat decorated? h. There’s a For Sale notice up outside
her house.
a. I’m sure he hasn’t retired yet. He still leaves the house every morning.
b. I’m sure he isn’t very well off. His house is in a terrible mess.
c. Perhaps he spent all his money when he was younger.
d. I’m sure he does a lot of gardening. His garden looks beautiful.
e. I’m sure he’s read a lot of books about gardening. He’s certainly expert.
f. I’m sure he’s working in his garden now. I can hear someone digging.
g. Now I can hear voices. Perhaps he’s talking to Miss Appleby.
h. No, I’m sure it isn’t Miss Appleby. It’s two men’s voices.
i. They’re shouting. Perhaps they are having an argument.
j. They’re talking about money. Perhaps Harry owes the other man some money.
k. Now I can’t hear anything. I’m sure they’ve gone inside.
l. My God! A gun shot! I’m sure Harry killed him!
m. No, there’s Harry outside, so it wasn’t Harry who was shot.
n. There’s a siren. I’m sure this is the police arriving.
o. Look at all those lights and cameras. Ah! Now I understand. They were making a
film!
“I wonder how the thief got in. He (a) __________ used a ladder or he (b) ________
had a key. Ah! What’s this? Broken glass by the kitchen door, and the door has
been unlocked. He (c) _________ broken the window, put his hand inside, and
turned the key. That (d) __________ made a noise. I wonder if the neighbours
heard anything?”
(He goes next door to talk to the neighbours, and knocks on the door.)
“There is no reply. I suppose they (e) _________ be on holiday, or they (f)
___________ watching television.”
(He listens at the letter-box.)
“I can hear voices. Someone (g) _________ in. Rather odd.”
(He goes back to the Smith’s house.)
“Now I wonder what was stolen. I don’t think the Smith family is terribly well off, so
the thief (h) _________ found a lot to steal. It was clever of him to come in just after
Mrs Smith went shopping. He (i) ___________ known she would be out. What was
that noise? It came from upstairs. The burglar (j) _________ not _______ left the
house yet! He (k) __________ hiding upstairs! I’d better go and see.”
a. I’m not certain, but it might / must have been half past four.
b. You must / can’t have been sunbathing all week - you haven’t got a tan.
c. Why don’t you sit down? You may / must be exhausted after such a long journey.
d. She can’t / must have gone on holiday. She’s got too much work to do.
e. It can’t / must have been Tom who left the lights on. He’s always doing that.
f. Laura may / can’t have tried to phone earlier, but I don’t know for sure.
g. He must / might have picked up this gun because his fingerprints are all over it.
h. She can’t / could have eaten that whole cake herself - it was huge!
a. A I’m hungry.
B But you’ve just had lunch. You can’t be hungry already. (be)
b. A I haven’t seen our neighbours for ages.
B No’ They must have gone away. (go)
c. A What’s the weather like? Is it raining?
B Not at the moment but it ______________ later. (rain)
d. A Where has Julia gone?
B I’m not sure. She ___________ to the bank. (go)
e. A I didn’t see you at John’s party last week.
B No, I had to work that evening, so I ___________ .(go)
f. A I saw you at John’s party last week.
B No, you didn’t. You _____________ me. I didn’t go to John’s party. (see)
g. A When did you post the letter to Mary?
B This morning. So she ______________ it tomorrow. (get)
h. A When was the last time you saw Bill?
B Years ago. I _______________ him if I saw him now.(recognise)
i. A Did you hear the explosion?
B What explosion?
A There was a loud explosion a few minutes ago. You ____________ it.(hear)
j. A We weren’t sure which way to go. In the end we turned right.
B You went the wrong way. You ___________ left.(turn)
a. Nissan is to announce on Monday a further modest rise in jobs at its plant in the
north east England city.
A The aim of Nissan is to announce on Monday a further modest increase in jobs at its plant.
B Nissan must announce on Monday a further modest rise in jobs at its plant.
C Nissan announced on Monday a further modest rise in jobs at its plant.
b. If the new investment project is to be adopted, it must be approved by the Board.
A No doubt the project has been approved by the Board.
B If the project is adopted it must be approved by the Board.
C For the project to be adopted it must be approved by the Board.
A. OK. Don’t worry about the phone. I’ll answer it. It _____(a) (be) David ringing
me about tonight’s meeting.
“Hello. 37885.”
“Hello John. It’s David. I tried ringing you earlier, but I got no reply. You (b)
___________ (be) out.”
“I haven’t been out all morning. You (c) ____________ (get) the right number. Never
mind. What’s about the meeting? How many people can we expect?”
“There (d) ____________ (be) quite a few, judging by the number of enquiries we’ve
been having. One thing’s worrying me. I haven’t heard from the speaker, Joan
Bakewell. I’m sure she (e) __________ (forget), but it isn’t like her not to get in
touch. Shall I give her a ring?”
“Not now, no. She (f) ___________ (teach). You’d better wait an hour or so.”
“I’ve bought twenty bottles of wine for the party afterwards. That (g) __________
(be) enough, don’t you think?”
“Yes, plenty. I’ll see you later, then. Bye.”
“Bye.”
B. “You (h) ___________ (be) very excited about your new book.”
“Yes, I am. It (i) ____________ (sell) quite well if the publishers’ research is
accurate.”
“It (j) ____________ (take) you a long time to write.”
“About three years, yes.”
“What about your first book?”
“I’m not terribly sure, but it (k) ____________ (do) very well, because it hasn’t been
reprinted, and the first print run was only five hundred copies.”
“Better luck with this one!”
“Thanks!”
C. “My bank statement says I’m overdrawn. There (l) __________ (be) some
mistake. I (m) ______________ (get) through a whole month’s salary already!”
“We (n) ____________ (spend) too much money on the house lately.”
“But how come I’m overdrawn?”
“It (o) ____________ (be) the desk we bought. It was over eight hundred pounds.”
“How much have you got ?”
“About four hundred pounds.”
“Oh, well. That (p) _____ (get) us through to the end of the month if we’re careful.”
I. I wonder why Alan didn’t buy me anything for my birthday. I suppose he (a)
________ (forget). Or he (b) _______ (think) that now I’m getting on. I don’t like
to be reminded of my advancing years. On the other hand, he (c) _________ (not
forget)! He (d) __________ (give) me a present this evening when I see him. Oh
no! He (e) _______ (plan) a surprise party, as he did last year. What a disaster that
was! I hope he isn’t doing it again!
II. Every time I phone Jane, it’s engaged. It’s very annoying. I suppose she (f)
____________ (try) to phone me while I’m phoning her. I’ll wait a while.
III. I can’t help worrying when Jack is late back home. I always think that he (g)
__________ (have) an accident, and that he (h) __________ (lie) on the side of the
road with ambulances and police cars all about him. I know it’s irrational. Wait a
minute! It’s Tuesday today, isn’t it? He works late some Tuesdays. He (i)
___________ ( not leave) the office yet. I’ll give him a ring.
VI. I wonder why Helen has got all these books on Greece from the library. I
suppose she (j) __________ (think) of going there on holiday. On the other hand, she
(k) __________ (not get) them out for herself. They (l) ___________ (be) for Henry.
He (m) ____________ (write) a project on Greece for his geography course.
**Упр.6.6.9. Заполните пропуски, используя could, may, must, have to, should и
нужную форму инфинитива глагола в скобках.
a. Einstain’s theory predicted that the universe was not static, but _____ (be) either
expending or contracting.
b. Because the universe is expanding it ______ (cool), which means that it _____
(be) much hotter when it was young.
c. Therefore, a significant fraction of the universe ____ (consist) of nonbaryonic
matter.
d. There were no longer free electrons to absorb and scatter light, and photons
_____ (travel) freely through the universe.
e. These fluctuations _____ (cause) by something that happened even earlier.
f. We _____, however, (be) careful about taking these models too seriously; they
all _____ (be) wrong.
a. The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody ______________ .
A was able to escape B managed to escape C could escape
b. The phone is ringing. It ______________ be Tom.
A might B can C could
c. Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York? You ____________
with Barbara.
A can stay B could stay C could have stayed
d. I’ve lost one of my gloves. I ___________ it somewhere.
A must drop B must have dropped C must be dropping
D must have been dropping
e. Take an umbrella with you when you go out. It _____________ rain later.
A may B might C can D could
f. What was wrong with you? Why _______________ go to hospital?
A had you to B did you have to C must you
g. There’s plenty of time. You __________ hurry.
A don’t have to B mustn’t C needn’t
h. It was a great party last night. You __________ come. Why didn’t you?
A must have B should have C ought to have D had to
i. I think all drivers _________________ seat belts.
A should wear B had better wear C had better to wear
a. The author ________ extremely ambitious indicating only desirable targets instead
of attainable ones.
A must have been B ought to have been C should have been D was to have been
b. The company is considering whether any new products ____________ to the line
for sale in foreign countries.
A need to be added B should be adding C need add D ought to add
c. Price restrictions __________ prevent firms from using the strategies they
consider optimal in achieving their ends.
A may B should C must D ought to
d. If you have a high blood pressure, you __________ stop eating salt and go on a
saltless diet.
A had better B are better C need better D may better
f. You _________ go out without coat.
A are better not B were better not C better not D had better not
g. “When _________ we ________ expect you?”
“Soon after half past five.”
A are ____ to B must ___ ___ C do ______ have to D need _____
h. Don’t contradict her. You _________ respect her old age.
A are to B have to C should D ought to
i. All the samples of new products must be ready by Friday because the exhibition
__________ on Saturday.
A is to open B has to open C should be open D should open
j. Travelers __________ their reservations well in advance if they want to fly during
the Christmas holidays.
A had better to get B had to get better C had better get D had better got
k. Thanks to a letter of credit the importer is able to buy without ________ in
advance.
A having to pay B having paid C have paid D have to pay
l. Because of variety of developing countries participated in OPEC, their potential
impact ___________ no longer _________ .
A had _____ ignored B could _____ be ignored C had ____ to be ignored
D should _____ have been ignored
m. “I am going to visit Ann.”
“You __________ to telephone her first”
A ought B might C should D must
n. The Ford theatre where Lincoln was shot _________ .
A must restore B must be restoring C must have been restored
D must restored
o. If we __________ succeed, we need to change the structure of our company.
A have to B must C should D are to
p. No two corporations have the same name. For example, if the company’s name is
Maxwell Manufacturing, no other company _____________ under that name.
A must get incorporated B should become incorporated
C need be incorporated D may incorporate
q. If you have a credit card you __________ carry a lot of cash with you.
A must not B do not have to C have not D might not
r. This rule _____ here. It’s an exaption.
A doesn’t apply B is not apply C shall not be applied
D must not have been applied
a. “Black box” is a device whose (A) internal workings (B) are immaterial: its (С)
behavior must (D) be examined only at its input and output terminals.
b. Whoever (A) inspected this (B) radio should have put (C) their (D) identification
number on the box.
c. When a patient’s blood pressure is much (A) higher than (B) it should be (C), a
doctor usually insists that he will not (D) smoke.
d. The more (A) profits US corporation earn in another (B) countries, the less (C)
they need to care (D) about infrastructure and education in their country.
Глава 7. Правило согласования времен. Прямая и косвенная речь. Типы высказываний. Типы
вопросов. Глаголы речи.
**Упр.7.1.1.a.
a. “I’ve attended two conferences this year.”
b. “I’ve visited several genetic laboratories.”
c. “I’ve seen a lot of interesting things.”
d. “I’ve given two lectures at Prinseton University.”
e. “I’m planning to visit Oxford.”
f. “I’m hoping to go to Scotland.”
g. “I’m writing my thesis now.”
h. “I’m studying an interesting problem.”
i. “I’ll start my next paper with the statement of the problem.”
j. “My paper will consist of four sections.”
k. “In the introduction I’ll outline the present state of research in the field of
immunology.”
Упр.7.1.1.b.
a. “I can ring the Bank Manager.”
b. “I may go abroad.”
c. “We must observe the experimental conditions.”
d. “I can’t promise you my assistance in this matter”
e. “I may not be able to send you a copy of my paper shortly.”
f. “I must think about it.”
g. “I can’t do anything about it tonight.”
h. “I must write an account of my work.”
a. They held that this observation _____ (show) the reaction to be intermolecular.
b. Kelner discovered that visible light ____ (have) the remarkable ability of restoring
viability.
c. It was noticed that some water ____ (distill) at the beginning of the distillation.
d. It was supposed that hydrate formation ____ (play) a part in the aqueous
polymerization.
e. He was modeling the simplest possible chemical reaction – hydrogen exchange, in
which a hydrogen atom ____ (slam) into a hydrogen molecule and _____
(replace) one of its two atoms.
f. It was found that other derivatives ____ (not result) in higher yields.
g. He established the formula of the alcohol and suggested that saponification of the
ester (under rather drastic conditions) _____ (proceed) as follows.
h. It was shown that the velocity constant ____ (be) unaffected by an increase in
viscosity of the reacting mixture of over 2,000 fold.
i. Gauss deduced the fundamental theorem from Proposition 30 in Book 7 of
Euclid’s Elements, which ____ (state) that if a prime ____ (divide) a product of
two integers, then the prime must also divide at last one of the factors.
a. “If you see him ask him to ring me”, she said.
b. “When you are driving away look into your driving mirror before turning right”,
said my instructor.
c. “Get the car off the road or to the verge if you have a puncture. Don’t leave it on
the road”, said my father.
d. “If the lift should stop between two floors press the emergency button”, he said.
e. “If you don’t like the programme switch to another channel”, I said to her.
Более точное значение или оттенок того, что сказано, может быть передано в
косвенной речи выбором соответствующего глагола речи. Следует иметь в виду,
что кроме предложенных ниже в упражнениях, можно использовать и такие
глаголы как to beg, to instruct, to claim, to demand, to offer, to promise, to refuse, to
threaten, to admit, to suggest, to scream, to whisper, to stammer, to mumble to swear,
to yell, to boast, to sigh и ряд других.
a. “I can’t turn this screw,” said Ann. “Will you do it for me?”
b. “Would you like to tighten the bolt?” said Ann, handling me a spannel.
c. “Would you mind discussing this question at the seminar?”
d. “Shall I explain my recent results?”
e. “Will you help me with translating the article please?”
I had a most strange experience a few weeks ago. I was sitting at home, when at
about nine o’clock there was a knock on the door. I wasn’t expecting anyone, so I
wondered (a) _____________ . I opened the door, and there was this man, wearing an
old raincoat. I asked him (b) ____________, but he didn’t tell me at first. He wanted
to know (c) ___________________ in the house, which I thought was an odd
question. Anyway, I said I was, because everyone else had gone out for the evening.
Then he asked (d) ________________, so I said that I wanted to know who he was
before I’d let him into my house, which is only natural, after all. Anyway, he didn’t
answer, but looked up and down the street. By this time I was getting a bit worried,
and I wondered (e) ______________ , because this chap seemed a bit suspicious. But
he told me (f) _____________. He was a policeman, and he showed me his card to
prove it. He said that the police were watching the people who lived in a house a few
doors away, and he asked me (g) ___________________ .
I said I didn’t. I’d seen them a few times, but I hadn’t spoken to them. Then he
wanted to know (h) __________________ , so I said ‘a few weeks’. I’d seen their
furniture van on the day they moved in. Then he explained (i)
_____________________ . He asked me if he could stay in my front room and watch
the street for a while, so I showed him in. I asked him (j) _________________ , and
he said it was because they suspected of being drug smugglers. I couldn’t believe it.
He stayed for three hours, and then left. Anyway, a few days later, I read in the paper
that the police had arrested them.
1 if I knew them
2 if he could come in
3 why he was watching them
4 who it could be
5 who he was
6 what he wanted
7 if I should call the police
8 if I was alone
9 what he wanted to do
10 how long they’d been living there
**Упр.7.5.2. Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную, избегая, по возможности,
глаголов to ask, to tell, to say, и употребляя глаголы из следующего списка: to
accept, to accuse, to admit, to advice, to agree, to apologize, to assure, to beg, to call,
to complain, to congratulate, to deny, to exclaim, to explain, to give, to hope, to insist,
to introduce, to invite, to offer, to point out, to promise, to refuse, to protest, to
remark, to remind, to suggest, to thank, to threaten, to warn, to wish.
a. He said, “Don’t touch the cable until you’ve switched off the power; it isn’t safe”.
b. “You press the wrong button. Don’t do it again. You might have a nasty accident,”
said the mechanic.
c. “I’ll drop you from the team if you don’t work harder,” said the supervisor.
d. “Never operating a cutting machine until you‘ve oiled it and checked it,” he said.
e. “You’d better twist electric wires together using a pair of scissors,” said John.
f. “I wish the procedure would reduce the energy losses,” he said.
g. “Mr Brown, this is Mr White,” he said.
h. “Please, don’t tell my colleagues,” he said. “I won’t, I promise,” I said.
i. “Hurrah! I’ve passed the first exam!” he said. “Congratulations!” I said, “And
good luck with the second!”
j. “You are in a difficult position for you cannot explain this result,” said my
colleague. “It is,” I said.
k. “I am sorry I am late,” she said. “My car broke down.”
l. “He expects a lot of work for very little money”, said one of the engineers. “Yes,
he does,” said the other.
7.6. Тесты.
g. Hello, Jim. I didn’t expect to see you today. Sonia said you ______ ill.
A are B were C was D should be
Глава 1. Существительное.
Упр.1.1.1.e. a. the, the; b. a; c. the; d. the; e. a; f. a, the; g. a, a, the, the; h. the, the, the, -;
i. the, the; j. a, a, a, the, the; k. a, a, an, the; l. the, the; m. an; n. the, the; o. a; p. the, the.
Упр.1.1.3.a. the (a) work of an author; the knowledge of a subject; the (-) articles of a
scientist; the data of the authors; the students of a university; a man of science; the (a)
teacher of mathematics.
b. the mountains of the Crimea; the metals of the Urals; the electric power stations on the
Angara; the Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine; the forests of Siberia; many areas of our
planet.
c. the history of Art; the progress of science; the importance of education; the doctor's
degree; the forms of vegetable life; the interest for ecology; the population of the planet.
d. the (-) cars of the (a) train; means of transport; the purpose of the visit; the clerks of the
(a) hotel.
Упр.1.1.3.c.
a. Number hundred and two, the house next door to us, is for sale. It’s quite a nice house
with big rooms, the back windows look out on the park.
b. Professor Jones, the man who discovered the new drug that everyone is talking about,
refused to give a press conference.
c. Peter Piper, a student in the professor’s college, asked him why he refused to talk to the
press.
d. The ship you were speaking about has just come onto the port. She has been at sea for a
long time. Look: the captain has just come on deck.
Упр.1.1.4.a.
a. ”Where’s the coffee?” It’s in the cupboard.
b. Tennis is a very popular sport
c. We went for a swim in the river. The water was very cold.
d. I don’t like swimming in cold water.
e. You must visit the art gallery. The paintings are very beautiful.
f. Money doesn’t always bring happiness.
g. English is the language of international business.
h. Women are often better teachers than men.
i. In Britain coffee is more expensive than tea.
j. We had a very nice meal in that restaurant. The cheese was especially good.
k. Most people still believe that marriage and family life are the basis of our society.
l. They got married but the marriage wasn’t successful.
m. I know someone who wrote a book about the life of Gandhi.
n. Life would be very difficult without electricity.
o. Do you know the people who live next door?
p. Are you interested in art or architecture?
q. Two of the biggest problems facing our society are crime and unemployment.
r. I hate violence.
Упр.1.1.4.d.
a. We’re having lamb for lunch.
b. The sheep gave birth to a lamb in the middle of the night.
c. Would you like a cake?
d. No, thanks. I don’t like cake.
e. This suit is made of very fine cloth.
f. Can you get a cloth, please? I’ve just spilt tea on your carpet.
g. I went to a talk on the Russian revolution last night. It was very interesting.
h. There has been talk of redundancies at the British Shipping Company.
i. Service in restaurants isn’t as good as it used to be.
j. The Health Service is suffering from severe cutbacks.
k. The Times is one of Britain’s oldest newspapers.
l. Time and tide wait for no man. (поговорка)
m. I don’t usually like poetry.
n. But here’s a poem I do like.
o. Do you want ice in your whisky?
p. The ice at the North and South Poles is said to be melting little by little.
Упр.1.1.4.e.
a. some advice; a suggestion
b. news; an interesting announcement; some interesting information.
c. a thunderstorm; some bad weather.
d. some luggage; a suitcase.
e. some accommodation; a room for the night.
f. some strange equipment; a strange machine in his laboratory.
g. some music; a tape.
Упр.1.1.5.a.
a. Of all those to whom he appealed one was actually not in a position to do anything for
him; another was afraid; a third was calculating eagerly to drive a hard bargain; a forth
was too deliberate, anxious to have much time.
b. Two people would have to hold the chair, and a third would help him up on it, and a
forth would hand him a nail, and a fifth would pass him up a hammer.
c. Professor Earle Fox ignored for a second time a buzzing signal from the secretary in the
adjoining office.
d. Mr Pickwick was perfectly aware that a tree is a very dangerous neighbour in a
thunderstorm. He had a tree on his right, a tree on his left, a third before him, and a
fourth behind.
e. Our apartment is on the third floor.
f. You are the forth visitor asking where room 40 is there.
Упр.1.1.6.a. a-the blind; b-the dead, the injured; c-the rich, the poor; d-the unemployed; e-
the sick.
Упр.1.1.6.b.
2. A German, the Germans
3. A Frenchman (woman), the French
4. A Russian, the Russians
5. A Chinese, the Chinese
6. A Brazilian, the Brazilians
7. an Englishman (woman), the English
Упр.1.1.7.a. a.. the, -, the; b. the, the, -; c. -, the, -; d. -, the; e. -, an; f. -; g. the, a; h. -, -, -;
i. the; j. -, the; k. -, the; l. -, the.
Упр.1.1.7.b. a. -, -; b. the, the; c. -,the, -; d. the; e. -, -; f. -, the; g. the, the; h. -, the, -; i. the,
-; j. -; k. the; l. the, -, -; m. -, the, the; n. the, the, the; o. -, -, the.
Упр.1.1.8.b. a. a, the; b. the, -; c. -,the; d. the, an, -; e. a, -, the; f. -; g. the, the, -; h. -, some;
i. -,the, -; j. a, the; k. the; l. a, -, some, -; m. a, some.
Упр.1.1.8.d.
a. Most of stories that people tell about the Irish aren’t true.
b. A married couple with (their) children often rent a cottage by the seaside for their
summer holidays.
c. Men hire boats and go for a trip along the coast; children spend days on the beach and
their poor mothers spend most of the time doing cooking and cleaning.
d. When the Titanic was crossing the Atlantic she struck an iceberg which tore a huge hole
in her bow. The captain ordered the crew to help the passengers into the boats.
e. Everywhere man has cut down forests in order to cultivate the ground, or to use wood as
fuel or as a building material.
f. But interference with nature often brings disaster. Tree-felling sometimes turns fertile
land into a dustbowl.
g. People think that lead is the heaviest metal, but gold is heavier.
h. You can fool some of the people all the time, and all the people some of the time; but
you cannot fool all the people all the time.
i. Why are you standing here with your hands in the pockets?
j. At most meetings people vote by raising their right hands.
k. The bullet struck him in his foot.
l. Someone threw an egg which struck the speaker on his shoulder.
m. He was a very tall man with dark hair and a small beard, but I couldn’t see his eyes
because he was wearing dark glasses.
n. She pulled him by the (his) sleeve to attract his attention.
o. He is a thoroughly selfish man; he wouldn’t lift his finger to help anyone.
p. We have a very good train service from here to the city centre and most people go to
(their) work by train. You can go by bus too, of course, but you can’t get a season ticket
on the bus.
q. “I’d like to see Mr Smith please.” “Do you mean the Mr Smith who works in the box
office or another Mr Smith?”
Упр.1.1.8.e.
a. Jane, has anyone ever told you that you’ve got lovely fingers?
b. I’m very interested in history, especially the history of Western Europe.
c. What lovely weather we’re having! It’s such a nice day!
d. We’re trying to sell our house. Some people came to see it on Saturday, and they were
quite interested, but the people who saw it on Sunday morning were very rude and said
they didn’t like it at all.
e. Did you remember to buy some bread while you were out at the shops?
f. Crossing the English Channel can be quite unpleasant in bad weather.
g. The people who live on the floor above ours work in a government ministry.
h. What’s the government going to do about unemployment?
Упр.1.1.8.f.
a. He lived in the United States for ten years.
b. John has cut his leg and needs some stitches.
c. It was the first time I had crossed the equator.
d. This is the only one left but you can have it.
e. The harder we work, the more money we make.
f. The Smiths are coming round to dinner tonight.
g. It’s very disappointing news but that’s life.
h. Eating chocolate always gives me pimples on my face.
i. What is on the radio this afternoon?
j. John plays football very well.
Упр,1.1.8.g.
a. What a strange feeling it was to be going home when it was not home, and to find that
every object I looked at reminded me of the happy old home which was like a dream I
could never dream again.
b. One thing that really interested him in connection with his parents was the existence
somewhere in the east in a small city called Lycurgus … of an uncle, a brother of his
father’s.
c. But the bed I made up for myself was sufficiently uncomfortable to give me a wakeful
night, and I thought a good deal of what the unlucky Dutchman had told me.
d. The English of the 14th century differs from Modern English.
e. The walls, down which ran a number and variety of pipes and cables, were painted in
two contrasting of green - dark up to the height of five foot, lighter above that.
f. The London train was on the point of departure. It was yet an early morning, the hour of
milkmen and postmen. The station had a chill, unused, deserted look; the passengers
were few.
g. And now he was in a large bedroom overlooking the Thames, a chamber with a writing
table, a sofa, the telephone, electric bells and a massive oak door with a lock and a key in
the lock.
h. The sun comes up from the East and goes down to the West.
i. Mr Skimpole could play the piano and the violoncello; and he was a composer, had
composed half an opera once, and played what he composed with taste. After tea we had
quite a little concert, in which Richard and Mr Jarndyce and I were the audience.
Упр,1.1.8.h. I. 1. a; 2. the; 3. a; 4. a; 5. -; 6. the; 7. the; 8. -; 9. the; 10. -; 11. the; 12. the; 13.
the; 14. the; 15. the; 16. the; 17. -; 18. a; 19. a; 20. a; 21. the; 22. the; 23. a; 24. a; 25. -.
II. 1. a; 2. the; 3. a; 4. a; 5. -; 6. the; 7. the; 8. -; 9. the; 10. -; 11. the; 12. the; 13. the; 14. the;
15. the; 16. the; 17. -; 18. a; 19. a; 20. a; 21. the; 22. the; 23. a; 24. a; 25. -.
III. 1. the; 2. a; 3. -; 4. -; 5. -; 6. -; 7. -; 8. a.
IV. 1. -; 2. a; 3. -; 4. -; 5. -; 6. the; 7. -; 8. -; 9. a; 10. the; 11. -; 12. the; 13. -; 14. -; 15. the;
16. -; 17. the; 18. -; 19. the; 20. -; 21. -; 22. -; 23. the; 24. -; 25. -; 26. a (-); 27. a; 28. -.
V. 1. -; 2. -; 3. a; 4. -; 5. -; 6. a; 7. a; 8. the; 9. a; 10. an; 11. a; 12. -; 13. -; 14. a; 15. a; 16.
the; 17. the; 18. the; 19. -; 20. the; 21. the; 22. -; 23. a; 24. -; 25. a; 26. the; 27. the; 28. the;
29. the; 30 -; 31. the.
Упр,1.2.1.a. children, people, women, teeth, wolves, sheep, mice, feet, leaves, halves.
Упр.1.2.1.b. boys, ladies, days, potatoes, parties, watches, glasses, cities, churches,
addresses, sandwiches, keys, videos, ways.
Упр.1.2.5.a.
a. He couldn’t give me many details.
b. When I moved into my flat, I had very little furniture.
c. There isn’t much accommodation to rent in this town.
d. I haven’t got much luggage. It’s in the boot.
e. I had a few minutes to spare, so I browsed round a bookshop.
f. Very few experiments have been done to find out the cause.
g. It’s very quiet in my area. There isn’t much traffic.
Глава 2.Словообразование.
Упр.2.2.3.b.
Subject Person Adjective
′history his′torian his′torical
mathema′tics ‘mathema′ticion ‘mathe’matical
′chemistry ′chemist ′chemical
′science ′scientist ′scientific
′physics ′physicist ′physical
bi′ology bi′ologist ‘bio’logical
phi′losophy phi′losopher ‘philo’sophical
psy′chology psy′chologist ‘psycho’logical
me′chanics me′chanic me′chanical
‘music mu’sician ‘musical
′architecture ′architect ′archi’tectural
‘arche′ology ‘arche′ologist ‘archeo’logical
Упр.2.2.3.d.
Noun Adjective Verb
creation creative create
base (basis) basic base
conclusion conclusive conclude
Упр.2.2.3.g. 1-прав.; 2-неправ., well; 3-неправ., hard; 4-неправ., good; 5-прав.; 6-прав.;
7-неправ., well.
Упр.2.3.2.
industry industrial industrialist to industrialize
invention inventive inventor to invent
competition competitive competitor to compete
criticism critical critic to criticize
mechanism mechanical mechanic to mechanize
specialty special specialist to specialize
politics politic(al) politician to politicize
nation national nationalist to nationalize
analysis analytic(al) analyst to analyze
activity active activist to activate
Упр.2.3.5. a-died; b-death; c-dead; d-die; e-dead, die; f-married; g-married; h-get married;
i-married; j-marry; k-got married; l-got married.
Упр.2.4.3. a-mono; b-mega; c-de; d-semi; e-multi; f-dec; g-inter; h-dec; i-micro; j-micro; k-
semi; l-sub; m-multi; n-micro; o-mono; p-multi; q-mini; r-de; s-mono; t-de.
Упр.2.5.1.
in- : invalid, insane, inexact, invisible, inappropriate, indirect, inactive, inconvenient,
inaccurate, incomplete, insignificant, insufficient, inflexible
im- : impatient, impossible, impure, imperfect, implausible, impractical
un- : unlikely, uncertain, untrue, unequal, unusual, uncommon, unsuitable, unable,
unstable, unreasonable, unpleasant, unfriendly, unidentified, uncontaminated, unmistakable,
unsatisfactory, uneven, unknown, unfavourable, undetermined, unusable
Упр.2.5.2.
infrequently, disloyal, discomfort, unspecific, unreal, improbably, unavailable, disassemble,
unsuitable, improper, unfit, unoccupied, disorder, undistinguished
Упр.2.6.1. 1-e; 2-g; 3-h; 4-j; 5-i; 6-b; 7-k; 8-d; 9-a; 10-c; 11-f.
Упр.2.9.2. a-c; b-a; c-d; d-b; e-a; f-b; g-a; h-c; i-d.
Глава 3. Местоимение.
Упр.3.1.5.a. a-who; b-he; c-hers; d-me; e-she; f-his; g-him; h-who; i-mine; j-them; k-who;
l-himself; m-him.
Упр.3.2.2. 29 (+4).
Упр.3.2.3. a-her; b-himself; c-their; d-she, he; e-his, her.
Упр.3.2.4. a, b, h, i.
Упр.3.2.5. a. has received; b.has to use his; c. his; d. are; e. his; f. is, wants; g. are, they are;
h. is, it is; i. is, it.
Упр.3.2.6. a. their – its; b. its; c. themselves – himself; d. their – its; e. their – its; f. his –
their; g. its – his; h. her – its; i. their – his; j. its – their.
Упр.3.4.1. a. anything, any; b. something, some; c. anyone, someone; d. some, some, any,
any; e. some (any), somewhere.
Упр.3.7.2. I. 1-c; 2-b; 3-d; 4-e; 5-b; 6-d; 7-a; 8-f. 9-j; 10-h; 11-l; 12-i; 13-g; 14-h; 15-g; 16-
h/i; 17-j. II. 1-e; 2-g; 3-a; 4-i; 5-b; 6-d; 7-h; 8-c; 9-f.
Упр.3.8.1. a-B; b-A; c-B; d-B; e-B; f-C; g-A,C; h-C; i-D; j-A,C; k-B; l-D,D; m-C.
Глава 4. Предлог.
Упр.4.1.1.: a-in, at; b-at; c-on, in; d-in, at; e-in, at; f-at, on, at; g-on; h-on; i-in.
Упр.4.1.2.: in the afternoon / the evening / spring / 1998 / 14-th century; at 3.30 / Christmas
/ my / weekends; on my birthday / Christmas Day / workdays.
Упр.4.1.3.: a. in; b. when; c. for; d. ago; e. -; f. at; g. last; h. at, in; i. on; j. when; k. on; l. in;
m. ago; n. -; o. at,in; p. -.
Упр.4.1.5. a-1; b-2; c-3; d-3; e-2; f-1; g-3; h-2; i-1; j-3; k-2; l-1.
Упр.4.1.6. a-ago; b-for; c-during; d-for; e-ago; f-for; g-ago; h-while; i-during.
Упр.4.1.7. b-on; c-at, on; d-at; e-on; f-at; g-in; h-at; i-during/in; j-on, since; k-for; l-at; m-at,
until; n-by.
Упр.4.1.8. a-for, from, to; b-at; c-during, at; d-in, on; e-since; f-until; g-by; h-in; i-at; j-at.
Упр.4.2.1. 1-A; 2-C; 3-A; 4-C; 5-C; 6-D; 7-A; 8-D.
Упр.4.2.2. in the South; at the stadium; in/at the corner; at the post-office; at the factory; in
the meeting; in the sky; in the hostel; in/at the station; on the fifth floor; at the concert; in the
picture; in the apple-tree; in the forest; in the newspaper; in Ottava; at the chemist’s; in the
USA; in the air.
Упр.4.2.3. a-against; b-out of; c-beside; d-beneath; e-below; f-behind; g-onto; h-towards; i-
over; j-among; k-over, across; l-above.
Упр.4.2.4. a-in; b-by; c-at; d-on; e-on, in; f-to, at; g-on; h-in/on; i-to, to; j-in, at; k-in, on; l-
to, in; m-on, by; n-at; o-on; p-in, on; q-on; r-in, by; s-on, by; t-on, on.
Упр.4.3.1. a-on; b-by; c-in; d-on; e-on; f-on; g-by; h-by; i-in; j-by.
Упр.4.3.2. a-by plane/on a plane; b-is on the (train); c-work on foot; d-travelling by bicycle;
e-drove to Wales in.
Упр.4.4.1. a-for; b-in; c-of; d-between; e-for; f-to; g-about; h-with; i-into; j-for.
Упр.4.4.4. a-out of; b-in; c-for; d-on; e-in; f-in; g-out of; h-at; i-on, by; j-on; k-for; l-in.
Упр.4.4.5. a-in; b-in; c-on; d-on, under; e-in; f-in; g-for; h-in, in; i-in; j-by.
Упр.4.4.6. a solution to the problem; on the contrary; in general; on average; in the end,
after all, at last; by himself; by chance, by accident; on purpose; to be responsible for; in
favour of; for ever, for good; in theory and in practice; to differ from; to have much in
common; to be terribly short of time, to be pressed with time; to be good in something; in
advance.
Упр.4.5.1. a-in the beginning/at first; b-at the beginning; c- in the beginning/at first; d-
finally, eventually; e-at last; f-in the end; g-at the end; h-in the end, eventually.
Упр.4.6.1.a. a-for, in; b-with; c- about; d-of; e-in; f-from; g-to, about; h-with; i-on; j-in; k-
to; l-to, about; m-by; n-among; o-between.
Упр.4.6.1.b. a-about; b-for; c-for; d-to; e-for; f-to; g-at; h-on; i-with; j-with; k-with; l-of; m-
to; n-from/through.
Упр.4.6.1.c. a-What are you listening to?; b-Who is Jane talking to? What is Jane talking
about?; c-What are you thinking about?; d-What are they looking for?; e-Who is she going
on holiday with?; f-Who are you going out with?; g-What was your last night dream about?;
h-What did you argue about?; i-Who is Jane in love with?; j-Who is Sophie getting married
to?
Упр.4.6.1.d. a. What’s she talking about? b. What are you waiting for? c. What does he
work for? d. Who are you writing to? e. Who was she angry with? f. Who does the house
belong to? g. Who’s the letter for? h. Who did you stay with?
Упр.4.6.2.a. a-out of; b-away; c-back; d-up; e-over; f-out; g-in; h-out of; i-off.
Упр.4.6.2.b. a-can’t get at it; b-get me down; c-getting on; d-do you get on with; e-get over;
f-get in; g-got away; h-got away; i-get back; j-got stains off; k-to get in touch with you.
Упр.4.6.3.a. a-look after babies while parents are out; b-look it up in the (dictionary); c-am
looking for; d-out; e-have been looking forward to; f-through; g-up.
Упр.4.6.3.b. a-I’ll put my cigarette out; b-put up the price; c-put me through; d-put them
away; e-put me off.
Упр.4.6.3.c. a-put out; b-put up with; c-put them back; d-put it off; e-put them away.
Упр.4.6.3.d. a-on; b-over; c-off; d-down.
Упр.4.6.4.a. a-down; b-away; c-put; d-try; e-down; f-turn; g-up; h-out; i-fill; j-on,up; k-
looking; l-up; m-after; n-round; o-look; p-up; q-looking; r-back; s-fell; t-gave.
Упр.4.6.4.b. a-over; b-off; c-up; d-up; e-up; f-up; g-on; h-up; i-on; j-along; k-up; l-up; m-in;
n-out; o-up; p-round; q-up; r-in, by; s-in.
Упр.4.6.5.a. A a b c d e f g h i j
B 5 2 8 3 4 9 1 7 6 10
Тип 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 2
Упр.4.6.5.b. a-talked it over; b-tried it out; c-gone off it; d-call it off; e-give it up; f-look
into it; g-get over it; h-turn it down; i-look after it; j-work it out.
Упр.4.6.5.d. a-out of; b-on with; c-down on; d-away from; e-back on; f-down on; g-up to;
h-out of; i-up against; j-up to; k-in with; l-away from.
Упр.4.6.5.e. . a-down; b-away; c-away, out; d-out; e-up; f-in; g-off; h-in; i-off; j-up; k-off; l-
down; m-away.
Упр.4.6.5.f. a-15; b-4(14); c-6; d-8; e-11; f-2; g-3; h-7; i-12; j-5; k-1; l-13; m-9; n-10; o-14.
Упр.4.6.5.g. a-4; b-3; c-1; d-8; e-7; f-6; g-2; h-9; i-11; j-10.
Упр.4.6.6.b. 1-to be short of; 2-will do; 3-to take up; 4-small change on/about somebody; 5-
high time, to hold a meeting; 6-to finish, to be through with, piece of job/work, at the latest;
7-to drop in/at; 8-to be up to; 9-to take place.
Упр.4.6.6.c. 1. to do somebody good; 2. later on; 3. first of all; 4. next; 5. the day after
tomorrow;6 f. at the most; 7. in its turn; 8. for ever.
Упр.4.6.6.d. a-to hold (carry on) the investigation (inquiring); b-to revenge herself for; c-
she is bad tempered but not dangerous; d-to have the same dangers (problem) to face; e-to
do one’s share to work properly; f-to refuse to do something; g-when almost too late; h-
intricasy.
Упр.4.6.6.e. a-feather; b-house; c-cat; d-Rome; e-water; f-legs; g-kitchen; h-place; i-garden
path.
Упр.4.7.1. a-in; b-to; c-for; d-to; e-about/of; f-with; g-of; h-on.
Упр.4.7.2. Education: a-by; b-from; c-from; d-for; e-on; f-with; g-to; h-from; i-for; j-in; k-
of; l-from; m-for; n-from; o-for; p-against; q-to; r-of; s-on; t-to; u-under; v-into.
The urge to get incorporated: a-into; b-of; c-in; d-at; e-at; f-in; g-to; h-in; i-to; j-on; k-up;
l-on; m-back; n-to; o-for; p-on; q-for; r-to; s-into; t-to; u-along; v-from; w-to; x-to; y-by; z-
on; aa-on, off; bb-in; cc-by.
Упр.4.8.1. a-B,C; b-A; c-B; d-A; e-C; f-B,D; g-B; h-B; i-C; j-C; k-C; l-A; m-C; n-B; o-D;
p-D; q-A; r-B; s-C ; t-A.
Глава 5. Глагол.
Упр.5.2.1. 1.Past Simple.; 2.Past Simple; 3.Past Simple; 4.Past. Simple; 5.Pres.Perf.;
6.Pres.Perf.; 7.Past Simple; 8.Pres.Perf.; 9.Pres.Perf.; 10.Pres.Perf.; 11.Pres.Perf.;
12.Pres.Perf.; 13.Past Simple; 14.Past Simple; 15.Pres.Perf.; 16.Past Simple; 17.Past
Simple; 18.Pres. Perf.; 19.Pres.Perf.; 20.Past Simple; 21.Pres.Perf.
Упр.5.3.1. Неверно:b,c,e,g,h,j.
Упр.5.3.2. a. He has; I am having. b. What do you think; What are you thinking.
c. I'm expecting; I expect. d. He appears; Roy Pond is appearing. e. Something smells; Why
are you smelling. f. the meat weighs; Why are you weighing. g. I see; She's seeing. h. I'm
having; He has. i. It looks; Are you looking. j. You're guessing; I guess. k. What are you
thinking; how much do you think.
Упр.5.3.3. a. I can see; b. He's listening to; c. I like looking at; d. I usually watch; e. I can
hear; f. I can't hear; g. Look at; h. …listen to…; i. She's looking at; j. I can't see.
Упр.5.5.1. a. were standing; b. stood; c. studied; d. was studying; e. was raining; f. rained;
g. was thinking; h. thought; i. were you doing; j. did you do; k. did you do; l. were you
doing; m. was dying; n. died.
Упр.5.5.2. a. was watching, phoned; b. were you doing; c. jumped, rescued; d. saw, was
living; e. did you do, got off; f. rang, were playing; g. wrote; h. was writing, walked; i. were
you working, went; j. were sleeping, got; k. did the newsreader say, wasn't listening; l. took,
was having; m. did you see, was trying; n. didn't know, broke down; o. was raining, were
crying, decided.
Упр.5.6.1. a. has written, wrote; b. have … tried; c. have never been, did you go; d. have
lived; e. lived, moved; f. met, have you known.
Упр.5.6.2. a. have you lived; b. have you ever drunk; c. have you visited; d. did you go; e.
have you known.
Упр.5.6.3. a. came, arrived, went, has been; b. have you seen, saw, have you looked, went,
asked; c. borrowed, have lost, did you go, did it happened, left, chained, phoned, happened.
Упр.5.6.4.
a. He's worked there for many years, since 1986, I believe.
b. I have never loved anyone as much as I love you.
c. We've known Paul for two years. Have you ever met him?
d. I've known him since we went to school together, but I've never met his parents.
e. We have already sold two hundred tickets and there is still a month to go before the
concert.
f. I have never visited New York. I’m looking forward to going.
g. Have you ever thought of learning to fly?
h. I have just received my exam result. It came ten minutes ago.
i. Janet hasn’t finished with the camera yet. She needs it tomorrow.
Упр.5.7.7. Castle fire: a. was damaged; b. was discovered; c. was injured; d. be rescued; e.
are believed to have been destroy; f. is not known.
Shop robbery: a. was forced; b. being threatened; c. had been stolen; d. was later found; e.
had been abandoned; f. has been arrested; g. is still being questioned.
Road delays: a. is being resurfaced; b. are asked / are being asked / have been asked; c. is
expected; d. will be closed; e. will be diverted.
Accident: a. was taken; b. was allowed; c. was blocked; d. be diverted; e. have been killed.
Упр.5.7.8. a. was kidnapped; b. has been released; c. was examined; d. is said; e. was
found; f. saw; g. contacted; h. was told; i. has been found; j. is being questioned.
Упр.5.7.9.
a. You will be given your tickets at the airport.
b. I was asked a lot of questions about my background.
c. Airline passengers are usually shown how to use a life jacket at the beginning of the
flight.
d. If you are offered a cheap camera, don't buy it. It's probably stolen.
e. You will be told what you have to do when you arrive.
f. I was advised by my parents to spend some time abroad before looking for work.
g. I have been told a lot about you.
h. In a few years' time, I will be sent to our New York office.
Упр.5.8.3. a. have been working, haven't finished; b. have visited; c. has taken, have been
looking for; d. have been shopping, haven't bought; e. have ever read; f. What have you
been doing, have been working, have planted; g. have been waiting, has arrived.
Упр.5.8.6. a. It is raining, I haven't brought; b. has known, has been growing, is trying; c.
have been listening, haven't understood; d. have been reading, have (have got); e. I am
writing; f. have been sitting, I have decided; g. have only been doing, have been offered,
have always wanted, don't like; h. do you know, have never been, are living; i. have been
trying, have been, have been turned down, have been applying; j. hope.
Упр.5.9.3. 1. realised, had lost; 2. lost, had never played; 3. had bought, tried; 4. was, had
visited; 5. dropped, burst; 6. din't you speak, had left; 7. didn't eat, couldn't help, had iust
eaten; 8. looked, hadn't seen; 9. took, got, refused, forgot / had forgotten; 10. had spent,
realised, had done, had robbed, had burgled, had stolen, had never killed.
Упр.5.9.4. Возможные ответы: 1. Had never been on television; 2. Had gone / left by the;
3. Had never met him; 4. Before they signed; 5. Had never stayed; 6. Had just finished; 7.
He had written; 8. She (had) turned off; 9. We arrived soon; 10. After I had checked.
Упр.5.9.6. a. had read; b. had been reading; c. had been playing; d. had never played; e. had
cooked; .f had been working.
Упр.5.9.7. a. Somebody has taken it. b. They had only known each other (for) a few weeks.
c. It has been raining all day. / It has rain all day. d. I had been dreaming. e. I had had a big
breakfast. f. They 've been going there for years. g. I've had it since I got up. h. He has been
training very hard for it.
Упр.5.10.4. a. used to drive; b. was driving; c. were studying; d. used to have; e. was
having; f. was playing; g. used to play; h. was wearing.
Упр.5.10.5. a-3; b-1; c-1; d-1; e-3; f-1; g-1; h-2; i-1; j-2.
Упр.5.11.2. a. I'll look; b. are going to; c. It'll (is going to), it'll (is going to), there'll be; d.
are going to, are going to; e. will (is), do (going to do); will, are going to; f. I'll give, I am
going to; g. will; h. are you going to.
Упр.5.11.3. a. are going to miss; b. am not working; c. doesn't start; d. am going; e. are
going to faint; f. isn't going to like; g. am cooking; h. is going to look; i. don't close.
Упр.5.11.5. a. I'll have; b. Are you going; c. shall I phone; d. It's going to land; e. it is; f. I'll
miss / I'm going to miss…you go / you have gone; g. Shall I give…I give…will you write;
h. does it end; i. I'm going …is getting; j. I'll tell…I'm…I won't be; k. I'm going to have /
I'm having; l. she apologises; m. we'll be living; n. you finish.
Упр.5.11.6. a. I won't be…there is; b. won't go…have had; c. you'll phone…go; d. are you
going, I've finished…It'll take; e. don't hurry…we'll be; f. I'll come…you find / have found;
g. you'll feel…you've taken; h. we'll have …arrive / have arrived; i. won't forget…go; j.
won't let…I've been told.
Упр.5.11.7. a. have passed; b. have finished; c. have been; d. has done; e. have done / do; f.
have seen; g. won't let; h. sign; i. will see; j. will pay; k. will be ; l. will come; m. will burn;
n. will be paid.
Упр.5.12.3. a. I had supper. b. Did you have a good game of tennis? c. Have a nice time! d.
Did you have breakfast? e. I’m going to have a bath. f. If you want to have a swim. g. Did
you have a good day? h. We had a row. i. Do you want to have a look? j. Could I have a
word with you?
Упр.5.12.5. Take: a trip, medicine, an airplane, place, part, a turn, a bath, a bus, your seat,
your temperature, the floor.
Have: a rest , dinner, lunch, a chance.
Make: a comparison, a suggestion, arrangements, a favour, a proposal, an experiment, an
appointment, a good job, friends, sure, advances, a speech, an effort, money, a bet, notes, a
promise, progress, a recommendation, a reservation, research, difference.
Do: housework, my best, homework, an exam, research, a hard time, a cold, a headache, a
cough, heart trouble.
Упр.5.12.6. a. is done – is taken; b. to do – to make; d. have been done – have been made;
e. take time – have time; f. making – doing; g. to do – to make; h. to do – to make; i. have
been done – have been made; j. has been done – has been made.
Упр.5.13.2. a. raised; b. risen; c. rose; d. sat; e. set; f. set; g. lain; h. laid; i. laid; j. lying.
Упр.5.13.3.1. felt; 2. fell; 3. filled; 4. felt; 5. felt; 6. feel; 7. fell; 8. fall; 9. feeling.
Упр.5.13.4. 1. laid, lies; 2. lay; 3. laid; 4. lie; 5. lie; 6. lay; 7. lies; 8. laid; 9. lies; 10. lie; 11.
lies; 12. laid.
Упр.5.13.5. 1. rises; 2. rose; 3. raised; 4. rose; 5. rose; 6. raise; 7. rose; 8. raised; 9. rose; 10.
rises; 11. raised; 12. am raising.
Упр.5.14.3. a. I'll get a cloth; b. What will you do / are you going to do / are you doing; c.
I'm going back to university; d. Will I disturb / be distubing you; e. I'll miss my
appointment; f. I'll do / I'm going to do a retraining scheme.
Упр.5.14.4. a. I'm coming; b. I'm going to see / I'm seeing; c. Will you be / are you; d. I
won't be; e. I'm going; f. are you going; g. is opening; h. are you going; i. I'm not back / I
won't be back; j. does your plane get in; k. I'll be / I could be; l. I'll see; m. we'll have
finished; n. I'll see you.
Упр.5.14.5. a. are getting / are going to get; b. starts; c. will have; d. is being given / will be
given; e. will be / is; f. will have; g. are having / are going to have; h. are going; i. are
staying / are going to stay; j. is going to start / will start; k. will have cost; l. are you going to
get; m. will arrive / will be arriving / is arriving; n. does the play start; o. will get; p. will
have; q. are we doing / are we going to do; r. is taking / is going to take; s. will we get / will
we be getting; t. will have.
Упр.5.14.6. 1. b; 2. a; 3. a; 4. b; 5. b/c ; 6. b; 7. a/b; 8. b; 9. b/c; 10. b;. 11. a/b; 12. a; 13. b;
14. a; 15. a.
Упр.5.14.8. A car. 1. began; 2. had shown / showed; 3. was built; 4. needed; 5. was …
provided; 6. patented; 7. were selling / sold; 8. were registered; 9. has been; 10. include; 11.
are diminishing; 12. has risen; 13. will hold out; 14. is found; 15. be better managed; 16.
will become.
The microwave background radiation. 1. calculated; 2. would be; 3. was ignored; 4. was
finally discovered; 5. were measuring; 6. had made; 7. looked; 8. found; 9. expected; 10.
had discovered / discovered; 11. have been; 12. has been; 13. know; 14. varies; 15. has
made; 16. tells; 17. look; 18.compare; 19. will be.
Упр.5.15.1. Present and Past. a. A; b. B; c. C; d. B, C; e. C; d. A.
Present Perfect and Past. a. B; b. C; c.A; d. C; e. A; f. B; g. A; h. D; i. A; j. A; k. A; l. C;
m. B; n. C. Future. a. A; b. C; c. A,C; d. B; e. C; f. A.
Упр.5.15.2. a. C; b. A; c. B; d. C; e. C; f. D; g. A; h. A; i. B; j. A; k. C; l. C; m. A; n. A; o.
C; p. A; q. D; r. B/D; s. D; t. B.
Упр.6.3.3. a. have to; b. have to; c. don’t have to; d. have to; e. should; f. don’t have to; g.
should; h. don’t have to.
Упр.6.3.4. a. should; b. shouldn’t; c. had to; d. mustn’t / shouldn’t; e. don’t have to; f.
should, have to; g. must; h. having to; i. don’t have to; j. have to; k. had to; l. mustn’t; m.
has … have to.
Упр.6.3.8. a. do we have to; don’t have to / needn’t, must; b. have to;c. must,; d. must, have
to / need to; e. mustn’t; f. having to; g. to have to; h. have … had to; i. ‘ll have to / must; j.
would have to; k. don’t have to / needn’t / mustn’t; l. have to; m. needn’t have ; n. don’t
/didn’t have / need to; o. needn’t have ; p. don’t have / need to.
Упр.6.5.2. a. will be working, won’t hear; b. may / might / could rain; c. won’t disturb,
won’t be working; d. might / could work; e. won’t come; f. may / might not like; g. will be
delayed; h. may / might bite; i. will happen, I’ll go, she’ll be having, doing, I’ll have to; j.
will be wearing.
Упр.6.5.4. a. He can’t have retired; b. He can’t be very well off. c. He might have spent…;
d. He must do a lot of…; e. He must have read…; f. he must be working…; g. He might be
talking…; h. It can’t be Miss…; i. They might be having…; j. Harry might owe…; k. The
must have gone…; l. harry must have killed…; m. It can’t have been Harry; n. This must
be…; o. They must have been making… .
Упр.6.5.5. a. might / could have; b. might / could have; c. may / could have; d. must have;
e. might / could; f. might / could be; g. must be; h. can’t have; i. must have; j. might not
have; k. may / might / could be.
Упр.6.5.6. a. might have given; b. can’t have known; c. may not have wanted; d. could have
forgotten; e. must have been feeling; f. he has already seen; g. can’t have been; h. must have
been driving; i. might have been; j. may not have received.
Упр.6.6.1. a-1; b-5; c-4; d-8; e-1; f-3; g-1; h-4; I-6; j-2; k-2; l-10; m-10; n-10; o-6.
Упр.6.6.2. c. could / might rain; d. might / could have gone; e. couldn’t go; f. could / can’t
have seen; g. should get; h. wouldn’t / might not recognised; i. must have heard; j. should
have turned.
Упр.6.6.3. c. He must have forgotten; d. You needn’t have gone home so early; e.
It can’t be changed now; f. She may be watching television; g. She must have been waiting
for somebody; h. He couldn’t done it; i. You ought to have been here earlier; j. I wouldn’t
have helped you; k. You should have been warned; l. He might not have felt very well.
Упр.6.6.5. a. could ski; b. managed to finish; c. can’t have lived; d. had to leave; e. had to
check; f. It must have been raining; g. needn’t have given; h. needn’t have collected; i.
might have passed; j. should have stopped; k. was able to; l. It would have been; m. would
sit; n. may have lost.
Упр.6.6.6. a. will be; b. must have been; c. can’ have got; d. should / will be; e. won’t have
forgotten; f. will be teaching; g. should / will be; h. must; i. should; j. must have taken; k.
can’t be doing; l. must; m. can’t have got; n. must have been spending; o. will / must be; p.
should / will get; q. will have got; r. should / must have received; s. will be thinking.
Упр.6.6.7. a. may / might / could have forgotten; b. may / might think / have thought; c.
may / might not have forgotten; d. may / might / could give / be giving; e. may / might /
could be planning / have planned; f. may / might / could be trying; g. may / might / could
have had; h. may / might / could have had; i. may / might not have left; j. may / might /
could be thinking; k. may / might not have got; l. may / might / could be; m. may / might /
could be writing.
Упр.6.6.8. a. have never been able; b. Being able to; c. could; d. manage to, have been able
to; e. could; f. could; g. will be able to; h. to be able to.
Упр.6.6.9. a. had to be; b. must be cooling, must have been; c. may consist; d. could travel;
e. must have been caused; f. must be, may / might / could be.
Упр.6.7.2. a. A; b. A; c. A; d. A; f. D; g. A; h. D / C; i. A; j. C; k. A; l. B; m. A; n. C; o. D; p.
A; q. B; r. A.
Упр.6.7.3. a. D; b. C; c. D; d. B.
Упр.7.1.1.c. a. were coming; b. would; c. was leaving; d. would; e. would; f. were going to.
Упр.7.1.2. a. showed / shows; b. has; c. (should) distill; d. (should) play; e. slams, replaces;
f. (should) result; g. (should) proceed; h. (should) be; i. states, divides.
Упр.7.3.1. a. told; b. spoke, addressed; c. said, spoke; d. talked; e. said; f. spoke; g. talked;
h. addressed; i. told.
Упр.7.3.2. a. he was going; b. the students that it was time; c. the film would be; d. she
couldn’t help me; e. that Ann had bought; f. that it had taken him; g. she thought it was; h.
that the breakfast was served.
Упр.7.3.3. a. talked; b. told; c. said / replied; d. explained; e. tell; f. speak; g. said / replied;
h. tell; i. speak; j. said; k. speak; l. said.
Упр.7.4.4.
a. “Is you pleased with your job?”
b. “I want to know what sort of translation you’ve ever been engaged in.”
c. “How much would you like to get for your job?”
d. “Why do you think the company may be interested in hiring you?”
e. “I want to know what your career goals are.”
f. “I doubt if you are qualified enough for the job.”
g. “Can you prove his experience with letters of recommendation from his previous job?”
Упр.7.5.1. a-4; b-6; c-8; d-2; e-7; f-5; g-1; h-10; i-9; j-3.
Упр.7.5.2.
a. He advised me not to touch the cable until I had switched off the power; it wasn’t safe.
b. The mechanic explained that I pressed the wrong button. He warned me not to do it
again as I might had have a nasty accident.
c. The supervisor threatened that he would drop me from the team if I didn’t work harder.
d. He advised (warned, reminded) me never operating a cutting machine until I had oiled
and checked it.
e. John suggested (advised) me to twist electric wires together using a pair of scissors.
f. He wished the procedure would reduce the energy losses.
g. He introduced Mr White to Mr Brown.
h. He beged me not to tell my colleagues. I promised I would not.
i. He exclaimed that he had passed the first exam. I congratulated him and wished him
good luck with the second.
j. My colleague remarked that I was in a difficult position for I couldn’t explain that result.
I agreed.
k. She apologized being late and explained that her car had broken down.
l. One of the engineers complained that he expected a lot of work for very little money.
The other agreed.
Упр.7.6.1. a-B; b-A; c-A; d-B; e-C; f-C; g-B; h-A; i-C.
Тест 2
Тест 3
Ø
17. ... his colleagues opposition, he decided to continue his research.
a) Although b) However c) Despite d) Owing to
18.... my car dates from 1981, yours is brand new.
a) Nevertheless b) In spite of c) Although d) Whereas
19. Tom is not suitable for the job. He's too old. ..., he isn't interested.
a) Besides b) In addition to c) As well as d) And
20. ... there are no more questions to discuss, we can finish the meeting.
a) As b) Because c) So that d) Unless
21.I did not support his view. ..., I disagreed strongly.
a) On the contrary b) Otherwise c) By contrast d) Conversely
От веты
Тест 1
1 b 13. b bulk f) 33. a 44. had been
2. b 14. e extent 34. b steaming
3. a 15. e 23. d 35. I 45. had been
4. b 16. a 24. c 36. j provided
5. a 17. a) must b) be able 25. c 37. f 46. had not come
6. a 18. has to 26. d 38. h 47. has been
7. a 19. need not 27. a 39. d 48. photographed
8. d 20. a) can b) can 28. c 40. struck 49. took
9. f 21. a) may not b) ought 29. b 41. including 50. were
10. c to 30. c 42. had been exhibited
11. g 22. a) scope b) number c) 31. e proclaimed
12. h magnitude d) size e) 32. g 43. sank
Тест 2
1. a) phenomena b) theses c) criteria d) data e) hypotheses f) radii g) axes h) analyses
2. a 3. c 4. a 5. c 6. c 7. b
8. a) flux b) stream c) current d) flow
9. d 16. m 23. a 30. p 37. c
10. g 17. l 24. o 31. e 38. b
11. e или f 18. f 25. h 32. i 39. c
12. e или f 19. k или j 26. b 33. b
13. a 20. j или k 27. n 34. c
14. b 21. d 28. r 35. b
15. c 22. g 29. c 36. c
40. was investigated 44. had been devastated или 47. spoke
41. led was devastated 48. followed
42. found 45. was growing 49. to throw
43. lying 46. had observed 50. (to) shake
Тест 3
1. duct d) g) liter i) h) pend a) d)
fin g) i) dict b) e urb e) c)
flect h) f) mob c) b) ven f) a)
2. a)chromosome b) dogged c) gram d) meteorite
3. c 6. f 9. a 12. b 15. b 18. a
4. d 7. a 10. b 13. b 16. a 19. a
5. e 8. b 11. a 14. a 17. b 20. b
Тест 4
1 c) b) 6. fifties 11. activity 16. illumination
2. d) c) 7. action 12. location
3. e) e) 8. collisions 13. observers
4. a) a) 9. reliable 14. equipment
5. b) d) 10. movements 15. measurements
17. c 18. d 19. a 20. a 21. a
22. to inform
23. to have objected
24. has been announced
25. will not be built
26. were received
27. was launched
28. will be made
29. have been
interviewed
30. to be made
31. to have occured
32. wouldn’t have left
33. could have decided
34. ( should) get
35. c
36. d
37. b
38. f
39. e
40. a
41. a
42. a
43. a
44. b
45. b
46. b
47. in
48. to
49. for
50. from
Ключи к тестам в приложении.
Тест 1.
1 b; 2 a; 3 b; 4 b; 5 a; 6 a; 7 d; 8 c; 9 b; 10 a; 11 a; 12 d; 13 f; 14 c; 15 g; 16 h; 17 b;
18 e; 19 e; 20 a; 21 a) must, b) be able; 22 has to; 23 need not; 24 a) can, b) can;
25 a) may be, b) ought to; 26 a) scope, b) number, c) magnitude, d) size, e) bulk, f)
extend; 27 d; 28 c; 29 c; 30 d; 31 a; 32 b; 33 c; 34 b; 35 c; 36 e; 37 g; 38 a; 39 b;
40 j; 41 h; 42 k; 43 f; 44 i; 45 d; 46 struck; 47 including; 48 had been proclaimed;
49 had been considered; 50 sank; 51 had been steaming; 52 had been provided; 53
had not come; 54 has been; 55 photographed; 56 took; 57 exhibited.
Тест 2.
I. 1. a) phenomena b) theses с) criteria d) data е) hypotheses f) radii g) axes h)
analyses; II. 2 a; 3 c; 4 a; 5 c; 6 c; 7 b; III.8 flux, stream, current, flow; IV. 9 d; 10 g;
11 f; 12 e; 13 a; 14 b; 15 c; V. 16 m; 17 l; 18 f; 19 k; 20 j; 21 d; 22 g; 23 a; 24 o; 25 h;
26 b; 27 n; 28 r; 29 c; 30 p; 31 e; 32 i; VI. 33 B; 34 A; 35 B; VII. 36 b; 37 c; 38 b; 39
c; 40 a; 41 c; 42 c; 43 b; 44 c; VIII. 45 was investigated; 46 led; 47 found; 48 lying; 49
had been devastated (was devastated); 50 was growing; 51 had observed; 52 spoke; 53
followed; 54 to throw; 55 (to) shake.
Тест 3.
I. 1. cred –b-g; duc/t –e-i; fin –h-k; flex i-h; fus, fund –k-b; jac –j-l; liter –l-j; dict –c-f; mob –d-c;
pend –a-e; urb –f-d; ven –g-a; II. 2. a) chromosome, b) dogged, c) gram; d) meteorite; III. 3 –c;
4 –d; 5 –e; 6 -f; 7 –a; 8 –b; IV. 9 –a; 10 –b; 11 –a; 12 –b; 13 –b; 14 –a; 15 –b; 16 –a; 17 –b; 18 –
a; 19 –a; 20 –b. V. 21 would have been arrested; 22 (might) have been stolen; 23 must have been
destroyed; 24 could have been killed; 25 had been signed; 26 have been interviewed; 27 are
being analyzed; 28 will have been sent / will be sent; 29 should not have been given; 30 to be
checked. VI. 31 to obtain; 32 stopped; 33 (should) be; 34 to have been formed / to be formed; 35
were / was; 36 made; 37 were proposed; 38 will have taught / will have been teaching. VII. 39 b;
40 d; 41 c; 42 b; 43 b; 44 a; 45 b; 46 c; 47 c; 48 a; 49 b; 50 a; 51 d; 52 b; 53 c.
Тест 4.
I. 1 - c-b; 2 –d-c; 3 –e-e; 4 –a-a; 5 –b-d. II. 6 fifties; 7 action; 8 collisions; 9 reliable; 10
movements; 11 activity; 12 location; 13 observers; 14 equipment; 15 measurements; 16
illumination. III. 17 –c; 18 –d; 19 –a; 20 –a; 21 –a. IV. 22 having established; 23 to have
objected; 24 has been announced; 25 will not be built; 26 were received; 27 was launched; 28
will be made; 29 have been interviewed; 30 to be made; 31 to have occurred; 32 wouldn’t have
left; 33 could have decided; 34 get / should get. V. 35 c; 36 d; 37 b; 38 f; 39 c; 40 a. VI. 41 a;
42 a; 43 a; 44 b; 45 b; 46 b; VII. 47 in; 48 to; 49 for; 50 from.