EXERCISE PAST YEAR QUESTIONS (MODULE PAST YEAR PG 23-28) 2.

10 WORK, EFFICIENCY

1(a) Change of energy. Elastic potential energy to kinetic energy (b) If bigger mass, the distance of movement shorter// nearer (c)i. Elastic potential Energy =? E=1/2Fx =1/2( 10 N )( 0.2m ) =1.0J// 1 Nm ii. Velocity,v=? E.P.E = K.E (conservation energy happen) 1 J = mv2 v2= (1x2)/0.02 v= 10ms-1 2.(a) Work is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force (b)i. Work done by pulling the rope down=? W= Fs =220x0.5 =110 J

ii.Work done on the load to raise=? W=P.E= mgh =20x10x0.5 =100J (c)i.Compare the work done between i and ii. Work done of b(i) greater than b(ii) ii.Why the work done is different? Has frictional force 3.(a)Transformation of energy 2.10.3. Chemical energy to kinetic energy Transformation of energy 2.10.4 Electrical energy to kinetic energy (b)Justify your answer. Energy can be changed from one form to another// conservation of energy( keabadian tenaga) (c)Energy can transform because work is done (d)Law involved?Conservation of energy i.Calculate distance AB. Since sin 30 =opposite /hypotenuse Sin 30 = 5/AB AB= 10m.

ii.Calculate Work done W= Fs =(800)(AB) =800x10 =8000J 3.1 PRESSURE 1(a) Soft bed compressed because pressure involved //force exerted on it (b)Definition of pressure is Force acting per unit area (c)i.Weight of block,W=? W= mg = (pV)g =(133 kgm-3 ) (2mx2mx3m)(10ms-2 ) = 15960 N ii.Pressure acting on soft bed? P= F/A = pVg/A =15960/(2x2) 1mark =3990 Pa//Nm-2 .1mark density, p=m/V

Pg26 2.(a)Its easier to press thumbtack because surface area of thumbtack is lesser. (b)Conclusion is if the area is smaller, pressure is greater (c)Pressure exerted by the coin? P=F/A =5/3.14x10-4
=

1.59 x10-4 Pa//Nm-2

(d)Bulldozer has broad tyres because when the broad tyre is used, area is higher, then the pressure decrease.(1M) This is to avoid bulldozer sink into the soil. (1M) 3.2 PRESSURE IN LIQUIDS 1.(a) Pressure is Force acting perpendicularly to unit area of surface. (b)Water pressure=? (Use density of water=1000kgm-3 and g=10ms-2 ) P= pgh =(1000)(10)(3) =30kPa//30 000Nm-2 (c)Explain why has different between pressure Because height from water level P is lesser than height from water level Q, (1m) therefore pressure P is lesser than pressure Q(1m)

2.(a)i.Compare diagram 3.2.2 and 3.2.3. Wall of dam at bottom 3.2.3 is bigger than 3.2.2// area 3.2.3 >3.2.2 ii.Compare pressure A and B. Pressure A is lesser than B (b)i.Which dam is stronger. Dam 3.2.3 is stronger ii.Why? When the depth increase, pressure increase. Thicker at the base can withstand high pressure (c)i.Apparatus is siphon system ii.Water flow from beaker to cylinder because water level in cylinder is lesser than beaker// pressure in beaker is higher cylinder iii. mark**************higher level of water in cylinder is higher than before 3.(a)Pressure is force exerted per unit area (b)i.Compare depth of water 3.2.6 and 3.2.7. Depth of 3.2.6 is higher than 3.2.7 ii.Compare distance travelled by water to spurt out Distance in 3.2.6 is further than 3.2.7 (c)Relationship between pressure and depth

The higher the depth, the higher the pressure

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 3.4 PASCAL PRINCIPLE (PG 28) 1.a) i. Pressure is the force acting normally on a unit surface area ii.2 similarities are -Surface area of piston E and G are same -Pressure of E =Pressure of G b) Principle applied in jack system is Pascals Principle c) Given FE = 2N, PE = PF = 40Nm-2 Therefore, FH = ? FH = PH X AH = 40X 0.8X10-4 =3.2 X 10-3 N

2.a)i. Liquid is used in the system because Liquid cannot be compressed ii.Given p=800kgm-3 , g=10ms-2 Find liquid pressure, Pliquid at y =? P=pgh

=800x10x0.5 =4000Pa iii. Magnitude of pressure acting on piston? 4000Pa iv. No change in pressure// pressure is constant (1m) because density will make it balance PA = PB //Satisfy Pascals principle. (1m) 3.a)i. Calculate pressure on input piston 3.4.5. Pinput =? Pinput = F input/ Ainput = 500 / (10-2 m2) =50 000 Pa ii. Calculate force output for both hydraulic lifts Foutput A = ? Foutput B = ? Fouput A = Poutput x Aoutput = 50 000x 2000x 10-4 =10 000N Fouput B= Poutput x Aoutput = 50 000x 4000x 10-4 **LOOK AT VALVE A IN Diagram 4

=20 000N

**LOOK AT VALVE B IN diagram 5

iii. Based on your answer, which is more suitable to raise van 1800kg. Piston in diagram 3.4.4 or 3.4.5 Diagram 3.4.5 (Force is higher) b)Vehicle can be lowered down by -releasing valve B (1m) 4.a) Physics principle involve is Pascals Principle b)Chair can be lifted up by -Small piston is pressed down, the pressure is exerted -Liquid is transmit uniformly to large piston, then force is produced And pushed the chair up c) If air bubble present, system is less effective. Its because same force is used to compress air d)Given Abig = 100cm2 , Asmall = 20cm2 , mchair =20kg. Fsmall =? If the mchild to be lifted up =30kg Pbig = Psmall Fbig = Fsmall Abig Asmall ***Fbig include with mchair and mchild use W =mg

Fsmall = (20+30)(10) x 20 100

= 100 N

e)Suggest modification so that chair is safe for adult Piston size: Area of big piston has to be increased Reason: Force will increase Seat size: Enlarge the size of seat Reason:To accommodate the large of mass of adult without damage

Pg31 3.5 ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE 1a) Density is mass per unit volume b)i. Comparing density Density of A is lesser than B ii. Comparing weight Weight of A is lesser than B iii. Comparing weight of water displaced Weight of water displaced by A is lesser than B iv. Relate the weight and weight of water displaced The larger the weight of sphere, the larger the weight of water displaced

v. Relate weight of water displaced and uptrust(keapungan) Weight of water displaced = Upthrust//bouyancy foce c)Phy.principle- Archimedes Principle d)application in submarine 2.a) Density is mass/volume b)i. Compare level of boat in sea and water Level of boat in sea is higher than river ii.Compare volume of water displaced of them Water displaced in sea is lesser iii. Compare their density Density of sea water is higher (has salt in it,so its denser) c)i. Relate volume of water displaced with density of water The higher the density, the lower the water displaced ii. Deduce relationship between weight of boat and weight of water displaced Weight of boat = weight of water displaced d) Name phy.principle- Archimedes Principle e)How a submarine can submerge -Ballast tank is filled by sea water(1m) -Weight is more than upthrust, it will submerge(1m)

3.i. One function of plimsoll line is for safety purpose ii. Bouyant force=? F= mg = 7500x10 =7.5 x104 N iii.Mark the level of water when enter the river mouth (tanda lebih rendah daripada semasa kapal di laut) iv. Why is that Density of sea water is higher. When density of liquid is decreased, volume of water displaced increase. b) Relationship between weight of balloon and upthrust Weight of balloon = upthrust i)When the load is dropped, air balloon will move upward ii)Reason -The weight of air balloon is decreased// upthrust higher than weight -The balloon experiences unbalanced force

Pg 34 3.5 BERNOULLIS PRINCIPLE 1.a)P: lifting force// upthrust Q:weight b)Equation is. P=Q c)Force caused by Bernoullis Princ.? P 2a)(i) Princp.? Bernoullis princp. (ii) region with low P?Y b)Reason?The air moves with high speed c)How it spray the liquid? -The atmospheric pressure is low at Y but at X is high. (1M) -It push the liquid up through the narrow tube (1M) 3. Mark all 2 forces b)Princp.? Bernoullis principle c)Use the rubber ball,what will happen -Weight of rubber ball is higher than upthrust(1M) -The rubber ball will drop (1M) 4.a)State 2 similar characteristics -When there is movement of air, paper and tarpaulin will lift up(1M) -When there is no air movement, the paper and the tarpaulin

will not lift up (1M) b)(i)Compare air pressure inside and outside the tarpaulin. The air pressure inside tarpaulin is higher than outside the tarpaulin (ii)Relate speed and pressure When the speed is low, pressure is high c)Principle = Bernoullis principle

CHAPTER 4: HEAT(pg 36) 4.1 Thermal Equilibrium a) Thermal equilibrium is no net flow of heat between 2 objects and they have same temperature b) 45 0 C c) How P achieve thermal equilibrium -Heat from block P transfer to the water -until the rate of heat transfer between Pand water become equal d) Amount of heat lost by P when achieved thermal equilibrium Q = mc
= 0.3X 900 X (100-45) = 14850 J 4.2 Specific heat capacity /haba pendam tentu(pg37)

1. a) Specific heat capacity,c is (the amount of heat that must be supplied to increase)( the temperature by 1 0C )(for a mass of 1 kg) of the substance. Unit Jkg-1 K-1

b)i)Energy output of the electric kettle in 3.5min Energyoutput = Power x time Eo = Pt =(3 x103W) x (3.5x60s) =6.3x 105 J b)ii) Energy required to raise temperature of 1.7kg of water from 20 0 C to 1000 C
Q = mc =1.7 x 4.2x103 x (100-20) =5.71 x105 J iii) Energy required to boil 0.23kg of water at 100 0 C (kekal suhu; water->steam) Q = ml = 0.23 x 2.3 x 106 = 5.29x 105 J 2.a) Thermal equilibrium b)Specific heat capacity of water is higher c)Kinetic energy of particle in the spoon increase d)i) Specific heat capacity of Q1 , cspoon= ?

mc spoon =

mcwater water

(0.1)cspoon (75-30) = (0.1)(4200)(80-75) cspoon =(0.1)(4200)(80-75) (0.1)( 75-30) Cspoon = 466.7 Jkg-1 C-10 ii)assumption (andaian)-No loss of heat to the surrounding (1m)

PG 38 4.3 SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT( haba pendam pelakuran) (a) 300s (b) Pt = ml l =100 (1050- 300) 0.5 l = 150 000 Jkg-1 (c) Heat supplied is used to break up bonds between molecules. Heat is used to increase kinetic energy 2.(a) Evaporation (b) Heat absorbed or released by the substance when its state changes, without any change in temperature (c) Ether released heat from surrounding causing it to freeze (d) Q = ml

= 0.15 (3.3x105) =4.95 x 104 J (e)Working of an refrigerator // air conditioner 3. (a) L?Quantity of heat required to change a substance from solid to liquid without any change in temperature (b) (i) B (ii) The ice is exposed to the surrounding and absorbed heat (c) Heat released, Q = mc = 0.2 x 4500 x (75.5- 25) = 45450 J

(d)(i) ml + mc = Heat released m( 3.36x105 + (4200x25)) = 45450 m(441000) = 45450 m= 0.103 kg (ii) No heat loss from coffee to surrounding 4. (a) Electrical energy heat energy (b) Q = mc = (0.5)(4200)(100-30) =147 000J// 147kJ 4.4. Gas Law(pg 42) 1(a) Bourdon Gauge Energy, E= Heat, Q

(b) Pressure (c)(i) Increase (ii)Pressure law 2.(a) Form of energy (b)(i) The air trapped in diagram 4.4.3 higher than 4.4.2 (ii) The temperature of air trapped in 4.4.3 is higher than 4.4.2 (c) Pt = ml l= 500W x 60s 0.0125kg =2.4 x 106 Jkg-1

(d) (i) Pt = mc t = (3)(3.9)(170) 600 =331.5 s (ii) Pt = mc t = (2.5)(900)(170) 1200 = 318.75s (iii) Pt = mc t = (4)(400)(170)

900 =302.22s (e)(i)S (ii)Heat up faster (time ,t <) (iii)Volume (iv)When volume is higher, temperature is higher (f)Charles law 3.(a) (i)Increase (ii)Pressure (b)Pressure law

(c)P1 = P2 T1 T2

200kPa = 230kPa 300K T2 = 230 x 300 200 = 345 K // 720 C (d)Surface area = wider Reason = The pressure exerted on road is reduced Track of tyre= thick Reason = To give better grip to the road T2

CHAPTER 5: LIGHT 1. (a) Reflection (b) 8m (c)

(d) Object Image Incident ray Normal line Student 2(a) Reflection of light (b)virtual (c) Plane mirror Reflection ray

C u<f

F Object

Image

Concave mirror

3.(a) Convex mirror (b) convex mirror has a wide view than plane mirror (c)(i) dotdotkan hijau ehhh

Object C

F Image Convex mirror

(ii)1. Virtual 2.Upright 4.(a) convex mirror

3. Diminished (smaller)

(b)Virtual (maya) // Upright//Diminished (smaller) (c) object image C u<f F F C sentuh C

Convex mirror

(d) To increase field of vision 5.(a)(i)

P (ii)Reflection (iii) The driver in P cannot see the car Q (b)(i) convex mirror (ii)

P (iii)Convex mirror increase the field of view (c)(i) unchanged

(ii)The characteristics of image of a convex mirror not depends on the focal length 5.2 REFRACTION OF LIGHT 1.a) Refractive index is an indication of light bending ability of the medium b)critical angle, c? n= 1/ sin c sin c=1/n c= sin-1 (1/1.33) =48.8o c)(i) R 400 S in water (ii) 400 new path

d) in water U towards normal T Outside aquarium

2.a)(i) Pencil in diagram 5.2.4 bending more ii) Density of sea water is higher iii)The higher the density, the greater the bending b) The size of pencil in water is greater c)Refraction d)velocity e) eye

image object 5.3 Total internal reflection (pantulan dalam penuh) 1.a)Close to the sky// cool air b)refraction c)i)Total internal reflection ii)The image of sky

d)-Light from sky to the earth (refracted) -The light reach at point-X, (total internal reflection) occur e)optical fibre 2.a)(i) Total internal reflection (ii)The refraction index of Y is higher than X b)Critical angle, c in core Y sin c = 1/n = 1/2.1 = 0.4762 c = sin-1 (0.4762) = 28.440 c)Prism periscope// camera//endoscope 3.a) Prism periscope b)(i) box A ii)-The prism of other optical instrument P is placed in b(i) because (1M) light ray allow from object to be reflected 900 onto lower prism (1m) out to eyes of observer c)(i) path? light ray

eye

(ii)Upright d)critical angle sin c = 1/n c= sin-1 (1/n) =sin-1 (1/1.52) =41.140 4. a) The angle of incidence when the angle of refraction is 900 b) Angle of incidence at point A is 0, So angle of refraction is 0 c) (i) Prism P; Increase the angle of incidences Prism Q; decrease the angle of incidences ii) The density of air is less than glass iii) 5.3.5; It travels along the glass-air-boundary 5.3.6; It travels along glass-air-boundary d)Phenomenon is total internal reflection 5.a) Critical angle is the angle of incidence when the angle of refraction is 900 b)(i) Reflection of light from car headlight back to driver giving indication of its position ii)Path?

c)Angle of incidence 0 // incidence ray is parallel to normal d)Reflection e) total internal reflection f) n= 1/sin c =1/sin 38 =1.62

5.4 Lenses ms 54 1. (a)

F I

2F

(b) real (nyata) // inverted (terbalik) // diminished (kecil) (c)(i)the image distance, v

V = +15cm (real) (ii)linear magnification M= = = 0.5 // 1/2 (d)(i)objective lens : X TELESCOPE

Eyepiece : Y (ii) reason -focal length of eyepiece smaller than objective lens (e) F1 F2

2.(a) refraction (b)the size of the image will increase //larger (c)(i)convex lens (ii)calculate image distance f = +8 cm (positive because convex lense) u = +6cm v=? +

= v = -24CM (VITUAL IMAGE)

(iii)

image F 2F O F 2F