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Transconductance The relationship of VGS (input) to ID (output) is called transconductance. The transconductance is denoted gm.
gm =
I D VGS
Mathematical Definition of gm
I D I gm = = D VGS VGS
VGS I D = I DSS 1 V P
2
FET Impedance
Input Impedance Zi: Output Impedance Zo:
Z i =
gm =
2I DSS VGS 1 VP VP
Zo = rd =
1 y os
rd
VDS I D
g m0
2I = DSS VP
VGS = constant
for
VGS ID = VP I DSS
g m = g m0
ID I DSS
Phase Relationship
The phase relationship between input and output depends on the amplifier configuration circuit. Common Source ~ 180 degrees Common - Gate ~ 0 degrees
AC Equivalent Circuit
Input Impedance: The input is on the gate and the output is on the drain. Output Impedance:
Zi = R G
Z o = R D || rd
Zo R D
rd 10R D
Voltage Gain
Av =
Vo = g mR D Vi
Av =
rd 10R D
Vo = g m (rd || R D ) Vi
This is a CS amplifier configuration therefore the input is on the gate and the output is on the drain.
AC Equivalent Circuit
Voltage Gain
A v = g m (rd || R D )
Input Impedance: Output Impedance:
Zi = R G
Z o = R D || rd
Av = g mR D
rd 10R D
Zo R D
rd 10R D
AC Equivalent Circuit
Zi = R G
Zo = R D
rd 10R D
Voltage Gain
Av =
Vo gmR D = R + RS Vi 1 + gmR S + D rd
Av =
Vo g R = m D Vi 1+ gmRS
rd 10(R D + R S )
This is a CS amplifier configuration therefore the input is on the gate and the output is on the drain.
AC Equivalent Circuit
Voltage Gain
A v = g m (rd || R D )
Input Impedance: Output Impedance:
Zi = R 1 || R 2
Av = gmR D
rd 10R D
Zo = rd || R D
Zo R D
rd 10R D
AC Equivalent Circuit
Input Impedance:
Zi = R G
1 gm
Output Impedance: Z o = rd || R S ||
In a CD amplifier configuration the input is on the gate, but the output is from the source.
Z o R S ||
1 gm
rd 10R S
Voltage Gain
Av =
Vo g (r || R S ) = m d Vi 1 + g m (rd || R S )
Av =
gmR S 1+ gmR S
rd 10R S
AC Equivalent Circuit
Voltage Gain
Input Impedance: Zi = R S ||
rd + R D 1 + g m rd
Zi R S ||
1 gm
Av =
rd 10R D
RD g m R D + r Vo d = Vi RD 1 + rd
Output Impedance: Z o = R D || rd
Zo R D
A v = gmR D
rd 10R D
rd 10R D
Depletion-Type MOSFETs
D-MOSFETs have similar AC equivalent models. The only difference is that VSGQ can be positive for n-channel devices and negative for p-channel devices. This means that gm can be greater than gm0.
Enhancement-Type MOSFETs
There are two types of E-MOSFETs: nMOS or n-channel MOSFETs pMOS or p-channel MOSFETs
AC Equivalent Circuit
Input Impedance:
Zi =
R F + rd || R D 1 + g m (rd || R D )
Zi
Output Impedance: Zo = R F || rd || R D
RF 1+ gmR D
Zo R D
Voltage Gain
A v = g m (R F || rd || R D )
Av gmR D R
F >>
rd ||R D , rd 10R D