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PROCESS TECHNOLOGY PROCEDURES

DEPART.ENT/ SUB&ECT/

Edited from exi ti!" do# $% &.R. B'r!('rt

APPRO1ED BY

A)ri* +,- 2,,,

PROCESS ENG0NEER0NG

&RB
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SCOPE

This design guide1 describes the method used to calculate compressor circuit hydraulics. Refer to the Rotating Equipment Engineering Manual for a detailed description of compressor design and operation. 2.0 RESPONSIBILITIES

The process engineer determines the hydraulic requirements for compressor circuits. 3.0 CODES AND STANDARDS American Petroleum Institute (API !T" #1$ !T" #1( 4.0 DEFINITIONS %entrifugal %ompressors for &eneral Refinery !er'ice Reciprocating %ompressors for &eneral Refinery !er'ice

)isted belo* are the definitions of terms associated *ith calculations for centrifugal and reciprocating compressors using traditional +.!. units. 4.1 Centrif !"# C$%&re''$r'

The API !T" #1$ definitions are sho*n belo* and in ,igure 1. 1. -ormal operating point is the point at *hich usual operation is e.pected and optimum efficiency is desired. This point is usually the point at *hich the !upplier certifies that performance. /. -ormal speed is the speed corresponding to the requirements of the normal operating point. 0. 1ne2hundred2percent speed is the highest speed required for any specified operating point abo'e the normal speed cur'e. If there are no specified operating points that require greater than normal speed3 the 1442percent speed shall be the normal speed. 5. %ompressor rated point is the point on the 1442percent2speed cur'e at the highest capacity of any specified operating point. 6. Ma.imum continuous speed (in re'olutions per minute for compressors dri'en by 'ariable2speed prime mo'ers is the speed at least equal to 146 percent of the
1

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highest speed required by any of the specified operating conditions. Ma.imum continuous speed for constant2speed dri'ers shall be equal to the 1442percent speed. #. Minimum allo*able speed (in re'olutions per minute is the lo*est speed at *hich the manufacturer7s design *ill permit continuous operation. $. Trip speed (in re'olutions per minute is the speed at *hich the independent emergency o'erspeed de'ice operates to shut do*n a prime mo'er (see Table 1 . (. !tability is the difference in capacity (in percentage of rated capacity bet*een the rated capacity and the surge point (and rated gas properties . 8. Turndo*n is the percentage of change in capacity bet*een the rated capacity and the surge2point capacity at the rated head *hen the unit is operating at rated suction temperature and gas composition.

!ource9 API !T" #1$ ,igure 1 : %entrifugal %ompressors 2 "efinitions

Table 1 2 "ri'er Trip !peeds

Trip !peed (percent of ma.imum continuous speed 116 114 146 114 144 114

"ri'er Type
!team turbine -EMA %lass A -EMA %lasses ;3 %3 " &as turbine <ariable2speed motor %onstant2speed motor Reciprocating engine

14 Ma.imum allo*able *or=ing pressure is the ma.imum continuous pressure for *hich the manufacturer designed the equipment (or any part to *hich the term is referred *hen it is operating at the ma.imum allo*able temperature. 11 Ma.imum sealing pressure is the highest pressure e.pected at the seals during any specified static or operating conditions and during startup and shutdo*n. 1/ Ma.imum allo*able temperature is the ma.imum continuous temperature for *hich the manufacturer designed the equipment (or any part to *hich the term is referred . 10 !ettling2out pressure is the pressure of the compressor system *hen the compressor is shutdo*n. 15 Inlet cubic feet per minute (I%,M refers to the flo*rate determined at the conditions of pressure3 temperature3 compressibility3 and gas composition3 including moisture3 at the compressor inlet flange. 16 Actual cubic feet per minute (A%,M refers to the flo*rate at flo*ing conditions of temperature and pressure at any gi'en location. ;ecause this term describes flo* at a number of locations3 it should not be used interchangeably *ith I%,M. 1# !tandard cubic feet per minute (!%,M refers to the flo*rate at any location corrected to a pressure of 15.$ pounds per square inch absolute (1.41 bar and a temperature of #4 degrees , (16.6# degrees % *ith a compressibility factor of 1.4 and in a dry condition. 4.2 Re(i&r$("tin! C$%&re''$r'

The API !T" #1( definitions are sho*n belo*.

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1. Rated discharge pressure is the highest pressure required to meet the specified conditions.

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/. Rated discharge temperature is the highest predicted operating temperature resulting from a specified operating condition. 0. !%,M is an abbre'iation for capacity in standard cubic feet per minute at 15.$ pounds per square inch absolute (psia and #4 degrees ,ahrenheit.

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5. I%,M is an abbre'iation for inlet cubic feet per minute determined at suction (compressor inlet flange conditions of pressure3 temperature3 compressibility3 and moisture. I%,M and A%,M (actual cubic feet per minute are identical in meaning (at the inlet conditions . To determine I%,M3 allo*ance shall be made for pressure drop across pulsation suppression de'ices and for interstage =noc=out. 6. Minimum Allo*able !uction Pressure for each stage is the lo*est pressure at the inlet flange belo* *hich the combined rod loading3 or gas loading3 or discharge temperature3 or cran= shaft torque loading *ill e.ceed the ma.imum allo*able during operation at the setpoint pressure of the discharge relief 'al'e and other specified gas conditions for the stage.

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).0

CALCULATION PROCEDURE CO+PRESSORS

CENTRIFUGAL

AND

RECIPROCATING

+sing the %ompressor %ircuit %alculation form3 complete the data section as follo*s9 ).1 Ser,i(e C$n-iti$n'

Enter ser'ice conditions and state the tag number and stage number. ).2 F#$. S/et(0

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+sing the %ircuit Pressure "rop form3 (E.hibit / 3 construct a flo* s=etch identifying pertinent equipment by item>tag number and sho*ing orifices3 control 'al'es3 and alternate flo* routes. Include dimensions for compressor center line from datum3 line si?es3 static head3 relief 'al'e set pressures3 and bloc= 'al'es. !ho* ele'ations of equipment. ).3 Line Si1in!

%omplete the line si?e calculations using the pro@ect specified method. +se actual routing3 if =no*n3 or the estimated route3 using coordinates of equipment and allo*ing for

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change of ele'ation3 pipe fittings3 and 'al'ing. estimating the suction line equi'alent length. ).4 C$%&re''$r Differenti"# He"- C"#( #"ti$n'

Particular care should be ta=en in

The compressor differential head calculations shall be performed as follo*s9 1. Enter line "P as calculated abo'e.

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/. "Ps of flo* measurement de'ices shall be actual 'alues obtained from the instrumentation and controls super'ising engineer. ;e sure to consider the use of lo*2pressure2drop de'ices for compressor circuits. 0. Identify the e.changer or equipment and the "P across the unit. These 'alues should be realistic and should be obtained from the heat transfer super'ising engineer. +se only fouled 'alues (allo*able "P . 5. R dynamic "P is the sum of dynamic losses listed abo'e. 6. ,or control 'al'e "P3 consult *ith the instrumentation and controls super'ising engineer to obtain the minimum 'alue that *ill ensure proper control of the

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compressor circuit. &enerally3 these 'alues *ill be appro.imately 16 percent of the total dynamic losses. #. %ompressor suction pressure is obtained by subtracting the total dynamic loss and the control 'al'e "P from the suction 'essel pressure3 allo*ing for static head difference. $. Terminal pressure is the pressure at the end point of the compressor system. This is generally a 'essel3 the @unction *ith another system3 or the battery limit.

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(. "ischarge pressure is the pressure at the discharge no??le of the compressor. It is the sum of the dynamic "P3 the control 'al'e "P3 the static head3 and the terminal pressure. 8. %ompressor differential pressure is the pressure the compressor must add to the fluid to allo* it to flo* to its required destination. It is the difference bet*een the compressor suction pressure (step # and the discharge pressure (step ( . 2.0 CO+PRESSOR TEA+

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The compressor team is an organi?ation of members from the technical engineering organi?ation *hose function is to agree on and to fi. information pertinent to the design and procurement of compressor2dri'er units. 1n a specific pro@ect3 this team may be formal or informal. The process engineer is responsible for compressor hydraulics and participates in establishing compressor2dri'er type and number. 3.0 E4HIBITS

The follo*ing e.hibits are referenced in this design guide.

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E.hibit 1 /

Title PT"2,RM2111 2 %ompressor %ircuit %alculation ,orm PT"2,RM2114 2 %ircuit Pressure "rop ,orm

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E.hibit 1 2 %ompressor %ircuit %alculation ,orm

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E.hibit / : %ircuit Pressure "rop ,orm

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E.hibit / : %ircuit Pressure "rop ,orm (%ontAd