WALKING AND WORKING SURFACES Procedure Number: HES-210

CPL HES 210 Walking and Working Surfaces

CONTENTS WALKING AND WORKING SURFACES

Section 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Title Purpose Scope Prerequisites Process overview Instructions 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Housekeeping Aisles and Passageways Covers and Guardrails Floor Loading Protection Guarding Floor and Wall Openings and Holes Runway Stairs, Railings Fixed Stairs Ladders

HES-210
Page 210 1 210 1 210 1 210 2 210 3 210 3 210 3 210 3 210 3 210 3 210 4 210 4 210 5 210 5 210 6 210 7 210 9 210 9 210 9

5.10 Fixed Ladders 5.11 Scaffolds 6.0 7.0 8.0 Roles and Responsibilities Reporting Requirements Documentation and Record Retention

Appendices Appendix-A Glossary Appendix-B Ladder Inspection Checklist Form

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CPL HES 210 Walking and Working Surfaces

1.0

PURPOSE

The purpose of this procedure is to provide a reference specification to ensure that all walking and working surfaces are maintained in a safe condition. This procedure establishes uniform specification requirements to ensure that associated hazards in the work areas are evaluated, corrected, and proper hazard information is transmitted to all affected personnel. Applicable OSHA regulations are Title 29 CFR 1910.21 - .30, and Title 29 CFR 1926, Subpart X, 1926.1051 - .1053, and .1060., and Title 29 CFR 1926, Subpart L, 1926.450 .454.

2.0

SCOPE

This specification procedure is a partial summary of walking and working surface requirements that are common to Chevron Pipe Line Company (CPL) activities and operations. The applicable OSHA requirements referenced above should be reviewed for a complete listing of Federal safety requirements. CPL procedure users in Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Utah and Washington should also review their respective State OSH plans for additional walking and working surface safety requirements. Additionally, the Chevron (CVX) Safety in Design Manual, SID-SU-5106-A, should be reviewed for safe access and egress requirements. Finally, CPL Procedure HES -207, Fall Protection, should be reviewed when fall protection is used in conjunction with elevated walking and working surfaces.

2.1

Personnel Covered By This Procedure

This procedure applies to all personnel, Company and Contractor, involved in work activities on Chevron Pipe Line Company property.

2.2
None

Exemptions from this Procedure

3.0

PREREQUISITES

Training / Personnel Requirements

All employees that are involved with walking and working surfaces must be trained by a competent person on the provisions of this procedure. Retraining shall be provided as necessary to maintain understanding and competence.

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4.0

PROCESS OVERVIEW
Preparation for Walking and Working Surfaces

Runway Guarded

Review procedure and applicable references

Stairs & Railings

Check Houskeeping

Fixed Stairs

Aisles and Passageways Clear

Ladders

Check Floor Cover & Guard rails

Fixed Ladders

Floor Loading Capacity Safe Scaffolds

Floor & Wall Openings and Holes Guarded Safe Walking and Working Surfaces

CPL HES 210 Walking and Working Surfaces

5.0
5.1

INSTRUCTIONS
Housekeeping

All work areas, passageways, storerooms, and service rooms shall be kept clean, orderly, sanitary, and free of known hazards. The floor of every workroom shall be maintained in a clean and, so far as possible, dry condition. Where wet processes are used, drainage shall be maintained and false floors, platforms, mats, or other dry standing places should be provided where practicable. To facilitate cleaning, every floor, working place, and passageway shall be kept free from protruding nails, splinters, holes, or loose boards.

5.2

Aisles and Passageways

Where mechanical handling equipment is used, sufficient safe clearances shall be allowed for aisles, at loading docks, through doorways, and whenever turns of passage must be made. Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear and in good repair, with no obstruction across or in aisles that could create a hazard. Permanent aisles and passageways shall be appropriately marked.

5.3

Covers and Guardrails

Covers and guardrails shall be provided to protect personnel from the hazards of open pits, tanks, vats, and ditches.

5.4

Floor Loading Protection

Prior to placing a load on a floor area, a determination shall be made as to the safe load capacity before taking further action. Safe floor loading capacities shall be marked on plates from the approved design and securely affixed to the building. The load limit plates shall be located in a conspicuous place and shall not be removed or defaced.

5.5

Guarding Platforms, Floor and Wall Openings and Holes

Every stairway floor opening shall be guarded by a railing guarding all exposed sides. Ladderway floor opening platforms shall be guarded by railing and toeboards on all exposed sides. Openings shall be provided with a swinging gate or offset so the person cannot walk directly into the opening. 5.5.1 Each hatchway and chute opening shall be guarded by one of the following: A floor opening cover of standard strength and construction equipped with standard railing. A removable railing with toeboard on not more than two sides of the opening and fixed railing with toeboards on all other exposed sides. The removable railings shall be kept in place when the opening is not in use.

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CPL HES 210 Walking and Working Surfaces

Where operating conditions necessitate the feeding of material into a hatchway or chute opening, protection shall be provided to prevent a person from falling through the opening.

5.5.2

Every skylight floor opening and hole shall be guarded by a screen or railing on all exposed sides. Pit and trapdoor floor openings, infrequently used, shall be guarded by a floor opening cover. Manhole floor openings shall be guarded by a manhole cover. When open, they shall have an attendant or be protected on all exposed sides by railings. Every temporary floor opening or floor hole shall be guarded by railing with toeboard on all exposed sides or have an attendant. Every wall opening from which there is a drop of more than four feet shall be guarded by one of the following: Rail Picket fence Half door, or equivalent barrier

5.5.3

Where there is exposure below to falling materials, a removable toe board or equivalent shall also be provided. When the opening is not in use the guards shall stay in place. 5.5.4 5.5.5 5.5.6 Extension platforms shall have side rails or equivalent guards. Chute wall opening from which there is a drop of more than four feet shall be guarded by one of more of the barriers, slats, grill work, railing, and toeboard if necessary. Every open sided floor or platform four feet or more above adjacent floor or ground level shall be guarded by a railing on all open sides except where there is an entrance. Toeboards shall be added as necessary.

5.6

Walkways (Runways)

Every walkway shall be guarded by a railing on all open sides four feet or more above floor or ground level. Whenever materials are likely to be used on the walkway, a toeboard shall be provided on each exposed side. Walkways used exclusively for special purposes (such as filling tank cars) may have railing on one side omitted where operating conditions necessitate such omission, providing the falling hazard is minimized by a runway of not less than 18 inches wide.

5.7

Stairs, Railings

Every flight of stairs having four or more risers shall be equipped with stair railings or handrails and clear of all obstructions except handrails. Stairways less than 44 inches wide shall have at least one right side descending handrail. If one side is open, the open side shall have the handrail. Wider stairways shall have two handrails. 5.7.1 Railing shall consist of top rail, intermediate rail and post, and shall have a vertical height of 42 inches from the upper surface. The top rail shall be smooth surfaced
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CPL HES 210 Walking and Working Surfaces

throughout its length. Stair railing shall be not more than 34 inches nor less than 30 inches from the upper surface of the top rail to surface of tread in line with face of riser at forward edge of tread. For detailed specification on stairway construction, please reference OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.23. 5.7.2 Toeboard shall be 4 inches nominal in vertical height from its edge to the level of the floor, platform, runway, or ramp.

5.8

Fixed Stairs

This section does not apply to stairs used for fire exit purposes, construction operations, or to articulated stairs, such as may be installed on floating roof tanks or on dock facilities, the angle of which changes with the rise and fall of the base support. Where fixed stairs are required, "Fixed stairs shall be provided for access from one structure level to another where operations necessitate regular travel between levels and for access to operating platforms at any equipment which requires attention routinely during operations. Fixed stairs shall also be provided where access to elevations is daily or at each shift for such purposes as gauging, inspection, regular maintenance, etc., where work may expose employees to acids, caustics, gases, or other harmful substances, or for which the carrying of tools or equipment by hand is normally required. (This does not preclude the use of fixed ladders for access to elevated tanks, towers and similar structures, overhead traveling cranes, etc., where the use of fixed ladders is common practice.) Spiral stairways shall not be permitted except for special limited usage and secondary access situations where it is not practical to provide a conventional stairway. Winding stairways may be installed on tanks and similar round structures where the diameter of the structure is not less than five (5) feet.

5.9

Ladders

Ladders shall be maintained in good condition at all times, the joint between the steps and side rails shall be tight, all hardware and fittings securely attached, and the movable parts shall operate freely without binding or undue play. 5.9.1 If wooden ladders are allowed, wood parts shall be free from sharp edges and splinters; sound and free from accepted visual inspection from shake, wane, compression failures, decay, or other irregularities. Ladders shall be inspected before each use by the user and those which have developed defects shall be withdrawn from service for repair or destruction and tagged or marked as "Dangerous, Do Not Use." In addition to inspection before each use, personnel trained by competent persons to recognize ladder hazards should conduct and document quarterly ladder inspections. (Appendix B - Ladder Inspection Checklist form is one method of documenting inspection. Inspection stickers attached directly to the ladder is another.)

5.9.2

5.9.3

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5.9.3

Ladders with broken or missing steps, rungs, or cleats, broken side rails, or other faulty equipment shall not be used; improvised repairs shall not be made. No ladder should be used to gain access to a roof unless the top of the ladder extends at least three feet above the point of support, at eave, gutter, or roofline. The base of a ladder shall be positioned a distance from the vertical wall equal to one fourth (25%) of the working ladder length. The top step of a ladder shall not be used as a step. Metal ladders shall not be used for electrical work.

5.9.4

5.9.5

5.9.6 5.9.7

5.10
5.10.1

Fixed Ladders
Fixed ladders rungs should have a minimum diameter of 3/4 inch for metal ladders, and a minimum diameter of 1 1/8 inches for wood ladders. The distance between rungs, cleats, and steps shall not exceed 12 inches and shall be uniform throughout the length of the ladder. The rungs of an individual-rung ladder shall be so designed that the foot cannot slide off the end. A suggested design is shown per the figure below.

(Example, FIGURE, Click Here) or www.osha.gov/OshStd_gif/10dfd_1.gif 5.10.2 Side rails which are used as a climbing aid shall afford adequate gripping surface without sharp edges, splinters, or burrs. Fixed metal ladders shall be painted or otherwise treated to resist corrosion and rusting when location demands. Ladders formed by individual metal rungs imbedded in concrete, which serve as access to pits and to other areas under floors, are frequently located in an atmosphere that causes corrosion and rusting.
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5.10.3

CPL HES 210 Walking and Working Surfaces

To increase rung life in such atmosphere, individual metal rungs shall have a minimum diameter of 1 inch or shall be painted or otherwise treated to resist corrosion and rusting. Rail Ladder With Bar Steel Rails and Round Steel Rungs

(Example, FIGURE, Click Here) or www.osha.gov/OshStd_gif/10dfd_2.gif For more detail information, reference CVX Safety in Design Manual or please contact your safety specialists.

5.11

Scaffolds

All types of scaffolds shall meet the following General Guidelines: a) No scaffold shall be erected, moved, dismantled or altered except under the supervision of a Competent Person (29 CFR 1926.451 (f) (7)). b) Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames and up-rights shall bear on base plates and mudsills or other adequate firm foundation. Unstable objects shall not be used as temporary work platforms or to support scaffolds or platform units. c) Runners shall be as close to the base as possible on all scaffolds. d) Scaffolds shall be erected plumb and square and shall be braced and rigid at all times. e) All scaffolds shall be equipped with a handrail, midrail and toeboard. Handrail height shall be 42 inches to 45 inches. Not meeting these requirements makes it a temporary work platform and fall protection is required. f) Fall arrest equipment is not required to be worn when within the rails of a stable scaffold with adequate railing constructed under the supervision of a competent person. g) All scaffolds shall be equipped with proper access. Dual access/egress shall be considered when working on large scaffolds. Scaffold access ladders shall extend three feet beyond the deck. Scaffolds more than 30 feet in height shall be provided with a ladder break and rest deck with additional breaks and decks every 30 feet, thereafter. h) When an overhead hazard exists, overhead protection shall be provided for persons erecting, dismantling, or working on scaffolds.
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CPL HES 210 Walking and Working Surfaces

i) When erecting scaffolds, barricade tape shall be used to keep other personnel from walking into the immediate area. j) Scaffolds in pipe racks that require travel between scaffolds shall have walkways of not less than 18 inches wide, except where scaffolds must be used in areas so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot be at least 18 inches wide. Such platforms and walkways shall be as wide as feasible and employees on those platforms and walkways shall be protected from fall hazards by the use of guardrails and or personal fall arresting system. Means of access/egress shall not be more than 50 feet from the farthest point. k) All scaffolds shall be tagged. Tag should display: 1. Date of erection 2. Inspector and erector 3. Duty rating in pounds per square foot 4. Special cautions or conditions under which the scaffold will be used. Tagging systems shall comply with OSHA standard 29 CFR 1926.200 signs, signals, and barricades. l) Any part of scaffolding that shows any sign of deterioration shall be immediately removed from service. No loose scaffolding material shall be allowed on any completed scaffold. m) Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks or equivalent means, shall extend over the centerline of its support at least six inches. n) Each end of a platform 10 feet or less in length shall not extend over its support more than 12 inches unless the platform is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees and/or materials without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. o) On scaffolds where platforms are overlapped to create a long platform, the overlap shall occur only over supports, and shall not be less than 12 inches unless the platforms are nailed together or otherwise restrained to prevent movement. p) All planks shall be visually inspected before each use and any plank showing any sign of deterioration shall be removed from service. q) Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting four times the maximum intended load without failure. r) Work shall not be performed on scaffolds during storms, high winds or other weather hazards unless a competent person has determined that it is safe for workers to be on the scaffold and workers are protected by a personal fall arrest system or wind screens. s) Scaffold material shall be used according to manufacturer's specifications. t) Each employee who is involved in erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, or inspecting a scaffold shall be trained by a competent person. These are general requirements applicable to common scaffold uses. There are numerous scaffold requirements. Please contact your safety specialists or competent person for more details.
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6.0
6.1

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The Team Leader is responsible for:
ensuring that requirements in this procedure are followed

6.2

HES is responsible for:

providing guidance in the evaluation of walking and working surfaces.

7.0

REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
None

8.0

DOCUMENTATION AND RECORD RETENTION

Ladder inspection documentation should be retained in accordance with the Chevron Record Retention Guide, http://collab001-hou.sp.chevron.net/sites/retention/crs/usr/default.aspx, currently two years.

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CPL HES 210 Walking and Working Surfaces

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY
Competent Person
One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

Floor Hole
An opening measuring less than 12 inches but more than 1 inch in its least dimension, in any floor, platform, pavement, or yard, through which materials but not persons may fall. Examples include, but are not limited to a belt hole, pipe opening, or slot opening.

Floor Opening
An opening measuring 12 inches or more in its least dimension, in any floor, platform, pavement, or yard through which persons may fall. Examples include, but are not limited to hatchways, stairs ladder openings, pits, or large manholes. Floor openings occupied by elevators, dumb waiters, conveyors, machinery, or containers are excluded.

Handrail
A single bar or pipe supported on brackets from a wall or partition, as on a stairway or ramp, to furnish persons with a handhold

Platform
A working space for persons elevated above the surrounding floor or ground. Examples include, but are not limited to balconies or platforms for the operation of machinery or equipment.

Walkway (Runway)
A passageway, elevated above the surrounding floor or ground level. Examples include, but are not limited to foot walks along a shafting or walkways between buildings. A passageway may be inclined when its purpose is to provide access between different levels.

Standard Railing
A vertical barrier erected along exposed edges of a floor opening, wall opening, ramp, platform, or runway to prevent persons from falling.

Stair Railing
A vertical barrier erected along exposed sides of a stairway to prevent persons from falling.

CPL HES 210 Walking and Working Surfaces

Toeboard
A vertical barrier at floor level erected along exposed edges of a floor opening, wall opening, platform, runway, or ramp to prevent materials from falling.

Walking and Working Surfaces

A floor, deck, platform, pavement, yard, or similar surface in the workplace. Walking and working surfaces are found in the work environment and include, but are not limited to, offices, process areas, shops, stairways, passageways, storerooms, and other similar service areas.

Wall Hole
An opening less than 30 inches but more than 1 inch high of unrestricted width, in any wall or partition; such as a ventilation hole or drainage scupper.

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CPL HES 210 Walking and Working Surfaces

APPENDIX B Ladder Inspection Form

Below is an example ONLY. To access the full Appendix B document Please click on the following link. Ladder Inspection Form Ladder Inspection Checklist Instructions: Complete the following checklist to determine if the ladder is free from defects. If a defect exists, then notify your leader immediately. Never use a ladder that has been exposed to fire or corrosive chemicals Inspectors Name: Date: Type of Ladder: Ladder ID Number: Supervisor Name: Type of Defect Yes/No 1 Burrs or sharp edges 2 Safety feet (missing or damaged) 3 Structural damage (cracks, bent, or dents) 4 Rope (frays or worn) 5 Locking devices (missing or damaged) 6 Hardware (missing braces, screws, or bolts) 7 Steps and rungs (missing, broken, or loose) 8 Slipping hazards (oil, grease, etc.) 9 Does any metal joint or part need lubricating?

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