CLIPPERS AND CLAMPERS

CLIPPERS
Clippers are networks that employ diodes to clipaway a portion of an input signal without distorting the remaining part of the applied waveform. The simplest form of diode clipper is one resistor and a diode similar like half-wave rectifier. There are two categories: series and parallel

Single Diode Clippers / Limiter Circuits

First, identify where the output is. Second, see any dc supply that oppose the input signal. The system will be offstate until the input voltage is grater than the diode and the opposed voltage.

At Output

At transition state

Voltage Transfer Characteristics

Analysis at: vo = vi -5+V vi < 5 - V ------Diode on vi > 5 - V ------Diode off vo (max)= -Vs-5+V

SERIES CLIPPERS

Series-Based Diode Clipper Circuits

Parallel Clippers

Transfer Characteristics

Example: The transition level will be at vi= 4+V since iD=0

When vi > 4+V , vo will stay at 4+V When vi < 4+V , vo will follow vi

Parallel Clippers with dc source

Additional Diode Clipper Circuits

Parallel-Based Diode Clipper Circuit

Design a parallel-based clipper that will yield the voltage transfer function as shown. Assume diode cut-in voltages is 0.7V.

Parallel-Based Clipper Circuit Using Zener Diodes

CLAMPERS
Clampers are electronics circuit that clamps or shifts an entire signal voltage by a dc level. The shape of the output waveform is exactly the same as that of the input waveform.
1. During T/4 the capacitor is charged to max vI. 2. When vI decreases, diode is reverse-biased, capacitor cannot discharge. 3. After T/4, vC remains at VM. Then vO=vI - vC =vI - VM 4. Diode remains reversedbiased when vI becomes negative. 5. vO = vI - VM = VM sin t -VM

Diode Clamper Circuit with Voltage Source

v-O=VB vC is charged to VS vO=-vC+vS v+O=VB-VS+VS sin t vO(min)=VB-2VS

Technique for determining the clamped output waveforms:

1. Assume capacitor was uncharged initially. 2. Find initial output voltage, vO-. 3. Determine the capacitor polarity if it were charged for the T/4 cycle duration. 4. Assume polarity in (3) and vC maximum, then write the KVL equation for the output voltage: 5. Find the minimum and maximum values for the output by using the equation in (4). 6. Sketch the waveform, the shape is the same as the input waveform, only the peak values are different.
vO = vO- +vI - vC

Diode Logic Circuits: 2-Input OR Gate

V1 (V) V 2 (V) VO (V) 0 5 0 5 0 0 5 5 0 4.3 4.3 4.3

V = 0.7V

Diode Logic Circuits: 2-Input AND Gate

V 1 V 2 V O ( V ) ( V ) ( V ) 0 5 0 5 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 4.3

V = 0.7V