Lisa Lee Population pyramids Factors that affect the growth size of human populations: Birth rate Death

eath Rate Immigration Emigration

Population growth = (birth+ immigration) (death + emigration) Percentage population growth rate = Population change during the period x100 Population at the start of the period

Developed countries tend to have lower birth rates, but developing countries tend to have higher birth rates. Usually the population curve should be sigmoid shape, however, developed countries tend to have the shapes like below (UK).

Factors affecting birth rates Economic conditions countries with lower income tend to have higher birth rates. Cultural and religion backgrounds Some countries encourage larger families and some religions are against birth control. Social pressures and condition In some countries a large family improves social standing. Birth control the extent to which contraception and abortion are used. Political factors Governments influence birth rates through education and taxation policies. number of births per year total population in the same year x100

Birth rate =

Lisa Lee Factors affecting death rates Age profile The greater proportion of elderly people in the population, the higher the death rate is likely to be. Life expectancy people in developed countries tend to live longer. Food supply developing countries tend to lack adequate food resources. Safe drinking water and good hygiene developing countries tend to lack enough water and hygiene, this is more likely to result in diseases such as cholera. Medical care developing countries tend to have worse health care systems, which mean more people will die due to not receiving the necessary treatment. Natural disasters The more prone the area is to natural disasters the higher the death rate. War this results in a rapid increase of death rates and reduces proportion of adults that are fertile. number of deaths per year total population in the same year x100

Death rate =

Increasing population

Decreasing population

Stable population

Lisa Lee Demographic transition: changes in society that have changed birth rates and death rates and life expectancies.

Total Population Birth Rate Death Rate

Small and stable High High

Early expansion High Decreasing

Late expansion Decreasing Low

Large and stable Low Low

As the population increases, the economic growth of a country increases as there are more people to work and the technological development of different fields will increase. However, as the population increases beyond the countrys supply of resources, the economic growth slows and eventually decreases as there isnt enough jobs, food, and resources for everyone.