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The bubble point of a system is the temperature at which a liquid mixture begins to vaporize. The dew point is the temperature at which liquid begins to condense out of the vapor. If there is enough volume in the fluid, the bulk fluid concentration will remain unchanged after the first small bubble or drop of liquid is formed. This calculation is important for vapor liquid equilibrium processes such as distillation, adsorption and stripping. The program uses empirical data of vapor liquid equilibrium as a function of temperature and iteratively finds temperature with the Newton Raphson method. There is also a version using the Excel goal seek to demonstrate a easier way to program this. Notation T - Temperature (OK) i - Subscript for each component i n- Subscript for each iteration K - vapor liquid equilibrium constant x - mole Fraction in liquid phase y - mole fraction in vapor phase F(T) - Newton Raphson function Equations for Bubble Point
from empirical data from definition of vapor liquid equilibrium constant The vapor phase mole fractions add to 1
K
i 1
(T ) x i 1
F (T ) K i (T ) x i 1 0
i
F (T )
(b
i
2 c i T 3d i T 2 ) * x i
Differentiating F(T)
F (T )
xi 1
dK (T ) dT
F (T ) 1 yi K i2
Differentiating F(T)
Input Component Liq Fractions (Xi) Number of compounds Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Temp Initial Guess Run Program Output BBL Pt. Temp.
1 0.493
2 0.403
3 0.098
4 0.006
6 Total Xi=
7 1.000
4 counts compounds alpha -1.6 -0.84 -0.52 -0.12 beta 0.03 0.014 0.007 0.002 gamma 0 0 0 0 delta 0 0 0 0 Epsilon 0 0 0 0
200
Run BBL Point Clear Output
Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total
Xi
Yi
0.0000
0.0000
Input Component Vapor Fractions (Yi) Number of compounds Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Temp Initial Guess Run Program Output Dew Pt. Temp.
1 0.007
2 0.097
3 0.402
4 0.494
6 total Yi=
7 1.000
4 counts compounds alpha -1.6 -0.84 -0.52 -0.12 beta 0.03 0.014 0.007 0.002 gamma 0 0 0 0 delta 0 0 0 0 Epsilon
200
Run Dew Point Clear Output
Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total
Xi
Yi
0.000
0.000
Bubble Point Calculation Using Excel Goal Seeker Input Component 1 2 3 4 Temperature alpha -1.6 -0.84 -0.52 -0.12 250.00 beta 0.03 0.014 0.007 0.002 gamma 0 0 0 0 delta 0 0 0 0 Epsilon 0 0 0 0
Calculations Uses Goal Seek to change Temperature until Sum of the Y's equals 1.000 Component 1 2 3 4 Total Target Sum of Yi'S K 5.900 2.660 1.230 0.380 X 0.493 0.403 0.098 0.006 Y 2.909 1.072 0.121 0.002
Run BBLpt GS