6.641, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Prof. Markus Zahn Lecture 1: Integral Form of Maxwells Equations I.

Maxwells Equations in Integral Form in Free Space 1. Faradays Law

E i ds = - dt
S

H i da

Circulation of E

Magnetic Flux

0 = 4 10-7 henries/meter

[magnetic permeability of free space]

EQS form: field)

E i ds = 0

(Kirchoffs Voltage Law, conservative electric

MQS circuit form: v = L

di (Inductor) dt

2. Ampres Law (with displacement current)

H i ds

J i da
S

d dt

E i da

Circulation Conduction of H Current

Displacement Current

MQS form:

H i ds

J i da
S

EQS circuit form: i = C

dv (capacitor) dt

6.641, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Prof. Markus Zahn

Lecture 1 Page 1 of 6

3. Gauss Law for Electric Field

E i da
0 S

dV
V

10 8.854 10-12 farads/meter 36 1 c= 3 108 meters/second (Speed of electromagnetic waves in 0 0

-9

free space) 4. Gauss Law for Magnetic Field

H i da
0

= 0

In free space:
B = 0 H

magnetic flux density (Teslas)

magnetic field intensity (amperes/meter)

5. Conservation of Charge Take Ampres Law with displacement current and let contour C 0

lim
C 0

H i ds = 0 = J i da + dt E i da
0 S S

dV
V

6.641, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Prof. Markus Zahn

Lecture 1 Page 2 of 6

J i da

d dt

dV = 0
V

Total current Total charge leaving volume inside volume through surface 6. Lorentz Force Law
f = q E + v 0 H

II. Electric Field from Point Charge

0 E i da = 0Er 4 r2 = q
q 4 0r2

Er =

T sin = fc =
T cos = Mg

q2 4 0r2

tan =

q2 r = 4 0r2Mg 2l

6.641, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Prof. Markus Zahn

Lecture 1 Page 3 of 6

 2 0r3Mg q= l

III. Faraday Cage

J i da = i = - dt dV = - dt (-q) = dt
S

dq

idt = q

6.641, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Prof. Markus Zahn

Lecture 1 Page 4 of 6

IV. Boundary Conditions 1. Gauss Continuity Condition

Courtesy of Krieger Publishing. Used with permission.

E i da = dS (E
0 s 0 S S

2n

- E1n ) dS = sdS

0 (E2n - E1n ) = s n i E - E1 ) = s 0( 2

2. Continuity of Tangential E

Courtesy of Krieger Publishing. Used with permission.

E i ds = (E

1t

- E2t ) dl = 0 E1t - E2t = 0 n E1 - E2 = 0

Equivalent to 1 = 2 along boundary

6.641, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Prof. Markus Zahn Lecture 1 Page 5 of 6

3. Normal H
i 0 H = 0

H i da = 0

0 (H an - Hbn ) A = 0

H an = Hbn
H a - H b = 0 ni

4. Tangential H
H = J

H i ds = J i da
S

Hbt ds - H at ds = Kds Hbt - H at = K

n H a - H b = K

5. Conservation of Charge Boundary Condition

=0 t
d

i J+

J i da + dt dV = 0
S V

ni J a - Jb + t s = 0

6.641, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Prof. Markus Zahn

Lecture 1 Page 6 of 6