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Renewable Energy
Pioneering E!!orts " Biomass #tili$ation !or the Prod%ction o! Energy Prod%cts
What is Biomass&
Biomass any solid, nonhazardous, cellulosic material derived from: forest-related resources, solid wood wastes, agricultural wastes, and plants grown exclusively as a fuel.*
*based on the definition of biomass in the 2 ! "nergy #ct
)umber products, composite panels, pulp $oil amendments )andscape*landfill cover +io-based products ,plastics, solvents, etc.+iofuels ,ethanol, renewable diesel+iomass power
#n energy conversion system that converts biomass to useful steam, heat, or combustible gases # prime mover that uses the steam, heat, or combustible gas to produce power
(omb%stion 'echnology
+iofuels (otential
* *
Environmental Bene!its
* (reservation of agricultural land. * $ustainable agricultural techni3ues.
- .he crops can restore and ensure soil stability and health along with minimizing chemical residues and habitat destruction.
>rowing waste disposal issues*opportunities %enewable energy government mandates*incentives 2ew Binancial and @wner >roups loo:ing for renewable energy business deals Bossil fuel pricing abrupt current and future price increases #cceleration in the development of new biomass to energy conversion technologies >reenhouse gas reduction opportunities
January 2008
2&: = C by 2 =!
W 1 re>%irement varies by
OR1 534 by 5653
-large %tilities. 34 / 264 by 5653 -smaller %tilities.
('1 594 by 5656 E NE1 5@4 by 5629 E NG1 55<34 by 5652 E PA1 2=4H by 5656 E 7D1 A<34 in 5655 E 0DE1 564 by 562A E D(1 224 by 5655
0D#: =2C by 2 22
* * *
;nitial biomass plants developed in response to air 3uality*waste management issues. #ll biomass plants were co-located and generally operated as ?/(. 6ost biomass waste was deposited in landfills and burned in the open.
%e3uires that investor owned utilities must purchase privately produced power at Gavoided costH rates. ?reated the mar:et context that stimulated the development of the independent power industry in the 8$.
@ther ;ncentives
*
%enewable energy incentives of =41 Is and =4F Is caused renewed interest and development:
Borest products manufacturing residuals Borest sourced biomass #gricultural waste 8rban wood
A year contracts. Birst = years at fixed rates ,9. 1 -.=A*:7h-. Kear =- = rates based on energy forecasts with prices escalating well into future.
Kear == A , rates are based on wholesale energy rates ,most floated based on natural gas rates-. (ower producers need to meet certain firm delivery standards to be considered a 3ualifying facility ,LB-.
7ith the =4FJ world oil mar:et crash of =4FJ, $%#? prices fell to half their previous levels. $tandard @ffer 0 contract rates fell. Bew $@ 0 contracts let after =4F!. &eregulation of electric power mar:ets loomed large.
8tilities provide cash incentives to buy bac: $@ 0 contracts. $ome plants went down, some curtailed operations (lants that were smaller, less efficient or had poor access to fuel were closed.
(lants that transitioned into year == sought out cheaper fuel sources. #ttempt at electrical utility deregulation implemented
.here are approximately F operational biomass plants in the 8nited $tates. (roduce almost =,J1J 67 of generating capacity. ,"nough to power around =.A million homes?onsume around = , , >.*year:
* * *
>enerate revenue based upon a variety of power purchase agreements non-(8%(# rates most on a fixed rate of around 9. J0!*:7h. ?urrent pricing schedule terms out in <une, 2 ==.
#bout A!C of the sales generation biomass plants are located in ?alifornia. .hree states, ?alifornia, 6aine, and 6ichigan, provide !JC of the biomass sales generation capacity. #pproximately FFC of the biomass sales capacity is located in ten states:
?# .imber /arvest
77B* 3666 @366 @666 9366 9666 5366 5666 2366 2666 366 6 2A=6 2A=9 2A=C 2A=A 2AA5 2AA3 2AA= P%blic Priva te 'ota l
2umber of sawmills in ?#
966 536 566 236 266 36 6 2AC= 2A:5 2A:C 2A=5 2A=3 2A== 2AA5 2AA@ 5666
2early = , 8.$. megawatts #lmost all systems are combustion * steam turbine 6ost are grate sto:ers. !-== 67 ,avg. 2 67-. /eat rate ==, -2 , +.8*:7h. ;nstalled cost 9=1 -9A! per :7.
* * * * * *
Borest products manufacturing facility that has on site demand for heat and power
* *
#d5acent to power transmission*distribution system .ypical pro5ect re3uires at least F acre site
7ater readily available ,= N gpm minimum)ocation incentives "nterprise zones .ransportation system
/ighway %ail
* *
* * * * *
* * * * *
.imber harvest residuals Borest fuels treatment residuals 8rban wood waste Borest products manufacturing residuals #gricultural byproducts
*%el +%pply
* * * * *
$ustainable long term supply located within close proximity ,2! to ! mile radius"conomically available "nvironmentally available 6eets 3uality specifications #vailable in 3uantities and from diverse sources that support pro5ect financing:
6inimum = year supply, 1 C under contract #t least 2.! A times facility usage ,fuel supply coverage ratio-
(omm%nity +%pport
* *
?ounty ?ommissioners .ribal ?ouncils ?hamber of ?ommerce ?onservation ?ommunity )ocal, $tate and Bederal agency representatives (rivate sector resource managers, landowners
ProLect Economics
*
Buel supply typically represents the highest variable cost for a biomass facility (roduction .ax ?redits +usiness "nergy .ax ?redits )ocal incentives enterprise zone 6ar:et support 5ustifies capital investment 6inimum %@; of 2 CN
"xisting incentives
* *
%eturn on investment
* * * * * *
Electricity Prices
Paci!ic )as F Electric +hort R%n Avoided (ost Gan%ary 2AA: / November 566:
4. F. 1. J. (entsKMWh !. 0. A. 2. =. . =441 =44F =444 2 2 = 2 2 2 A 2 0 2 ! 2 J 2 1 Date
Appropriate 'echnology
*
$earch for most appropriate technology considering pro5ect location and fuel supply
#bility to convert local fuel supply into heat*power 6ust meet local permitting specifications ?ommercially available @perates efficiently on available fuel supply @perates cleanly on available fuel supply #ppropriate for site and local resources
z z z
z z
= - ?onduct preliminary feasibility study ,Batal Blaw #nalysis2 - ?onfirm community support A - #ssess fuel resource availability 0 - ?onsider siting and infrastructure issues, including environmental permit review ! - ?omplete due diligence Beasibility $tudy J - $ecure developer and*or investment ban:er
z z z z z
,%estions& (omments&