Vought F4 Corsair: Carrier and Land-Based Fighter
By Dave Windle and Martin W. Bowman
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About this ebook
Dave Windle
Dave Windle has gained the reputation of being Britain’s most skilful creator of aircraft profiles. He draws upon his service with the RAF to maintain complete accuracy. Lives near Aberdeen. Martin Bowman is one of Britain’s foremost aviation historians and has written many books and articles. He lives in Norwich.
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Vought F4 Corsair - Dave Windle
First published in Great Britain in 2011 by
PEN & SWORD AVIATION
An imprint of
Pen & Sword Books Ltd
47 Church Street
Barnsley
South Yorkshire
S70 2AS
Copyright © Dave Windle & Martin W. Bowman, 2011
ISBN 978 1 84884 408 7
Digital Edition ISBN: 978 1 78346 126 4
The right of Dave Windle & Martin W. Bowman to be identified as Authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is
available from the British Library
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.
Printed and bound in Thailand
By Kyodo Nation Printing Services, Thailand
Pen & Sword Books Ltd incorporates the Imprints of
Pen & Sword Aviation, Pen & Sword Family History, Pen & Sword Maritime,
Pen & Sword Military, Wharncliffe Local History, Pen & Sword Select,
Pen & Sword Military Classics, Leo Cooper, Remember When,
Seaforth Publishing and Frontline Publishing
For a complete list of Pen & Sword titles please contact
PEN & SWORD BOOKS LIMITED
47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England
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Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk
VOUGHT CORSAIR
In 1938 the US Navy had decided that the time was long overdue to bring carrier-based aviation up to the same performance level as land-based aircraft. At Vought the F4U-1 project team headed by Rex B. Beisel had to design the smallest possible fuselage around the mighty 1,800-hp experimental Pratt & Whitney XR-2800-2 Double Wasp air-cooled radial engine, the most powerful power plant available. Everything possible was done to limit drag, while a gull-wing design gave the massive engine’s 13 feet 4-inch diameter three-bladed propeller sufficient ground clearance on both take-off and landing. A .30-calibre and a .50-calibre machine gun were mounted above the engine, firing through the upper propeller arc and a .50-calibre machine gun outward of each wing-fold mechanism. The stub wings included open vents in their leading edges to allow cooling air for engine oil and air for supercharger intercooler equipment. The carburettor air, supercharger intercooler and oil cooler air inlet ducts situated at the leading edge of the wings removed the need for a drag-inducing scoop for each. In flight, this layout created a curious high-pitched whistling sound as air was sucked into the ducts. Later, the Japanese would call the Corsair the ‘Whistling Death’ after the blood curdling scream emitted during high-speed dives on their positions. To American troops in the Pacific Islands campaign, the ‘Bent Winged Bird’ was often their saviour and the Marines would dub the Corsair the ‘Sweetheart of Okinawa’. Everything about the new fighter was massive. It weighed 9,357 lb empty and measured 31 feet 11 inches with a 41 feet 11 inches wing spread – the largest American fighter yet built.
The prototype XF-4U-1 showing to good advantage the air intakes for the oil cooler and the intercooler for the two-stage, two-speed supercharger in the wing roots. Note the early-style squirrel-cage or ‘birdcage’ cockpit hood and the gun fairing in the engine cowling. (Vought)
Brewster F3A-1 (F4U-1) in flight. Just 735 F3A-1s were built between April 1943 and July 1944. (Brewster)
F4U-1A Corsair with a 1,000lb bomb on the centerline. (Vought)
The Bureau of Aeronautics awarded Vought a contract for a single XF4U-1 prototype on 11 June 1938. The yellow and silver XF4U-1 first flew at the Bridgeport Municipal Airport, Stratford, Connecticut, on 29 May 1940 with Lyman A. Bullard Jr at the controls. All went well during his first four test flights, but on the fifth, while performing a series of low-altitude cabin pressurization and high-speed cruise tests, low on fuel, the XF4U-1 crashed on the Norwich Golf Course far to the north-east of the airfield at Stratford. One wing had been sheared off, the empennage was torn from the fuselage and the propeller was smashed, but the main fuselage, engine and undercarriage were relatively unharmed, and within two months the XF4U-1 was airworthy once again.
Lyman Bullard demonstrated the XF4U-1 for USN officials on 1 October 1940. He flew from Stratford to Hartford, Connecticut, at a speed of 405 mph, making the Corsair the first single-engine single-seat US Navy fighter to fly at over 400 mph. On 30 June Vought received an initial contract for 584 F4U-1 production aircraft for the US Navy, with initial deliveries to begin in February 1942. As contracts increased, the VGB programme consisting of Vought, Goodyear and Brewster was formed to mass produce the F4U-1. Goodyear Aircraft, a division of the Goodyear Tyre and Rubber Company, joined the