Cytokine Principal Cell Source

Innate Immune System

TNF Macrophage, T Cells

IL-1 Macrophages, endothelial cells, some

epithelial cells
Chemokines Macrophages, endothelial cells, t-
lymphocytes, fibroblasts, platelets.
IL-12 Macrophages, dentritic Cells

IFN-gamma NK cells, T lymphocytes (Th1)

Type 1 IFNs IFNalpha: macrophages. IFNbeta:

fibroblasts
IL-10 Macrophages, T cells (TH2)

IL-6 Macrophages, endothelial cells, t cells

IL-15 Macrophages, others

IL-18 Macrophages
IL-2 T-cells
IL-13 TH2
TGFbetta Mucosal surfaces
T-Lymphocytess
CCL17 vascular Endothelium near skin cells
CCL27 Kerotinocytes
MadCam-1 Binds T-cell to endo near gut
CCl25 Epithelium of SI
CCL28 Epithelium of LI
CD3 T-cells
CD4 T-cells
CD8 T-cells
CD28 T-cells
CTLA-4 T-cells
LFA-1 T-cells

VLA-4 T-cells
CCR7 Dendritic cell

CD40L T/B-cells

IL-5 Th2, Mast Cells

IL-3, GM-CSF Mast Cells

IL-4 Th2
IL-12 Act. Macrophages/Dendritic
FasL CTLs
L-Selectin Ligand High endothelial venule in Lypmh node
E/P Selectin Ligand Binds E/P selectin on activated
endothelium and platelets (for P)
CD31 Leukocytes

cd3 Bound to microbe

FC Receptors
FcƔRI Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils
FCƔRIIIA Nk cells
FC€RI Mast cells, basophils, esosinophils
PolyIgR Mucosal surfaces
FCRn Lumen of GI tract, Placenta
Plasma Proteins
C1 inhibitor Plasma
Factor I Plasma
Membrane
Proteins
DAF Blood cells, endo/epi
CR1 Monnuclar phags, PMR's, B/T, RBC,
Eosiniphills, FDCs
Hypersensitivity Mast cells and Basophils

Histamine (heparin Mast cells and Basophils

is similar)
Histamine 1 Mast cells and Basophils
Histamine 2 Mast cells and Basophils
Mast Cell
Chemokines
CCL3 Mast Cells

CCL5 Mast Cells

CCL11 Mast Cells
Mast Cell Lipid
Mediators
Leukotrienes C4, Mast Cells
D4, E4
Leukotrienes Mast Cells
Eosinophil
products
MBP Eosinophil
ECP Eosinophil
PAF Eosinophil
LTC4 Eosinophil
Principal cellular targets and biologic effects Recept R on

Endothelial cells: inflammation, coagulation. Neutrophils:

activation. Hypothalamus: fever, Liver: synthesis of actue phase
proteins. Muscle, fat: catabolism. Many Cell types: apoptosis
Endoth. Activation. Hypothalamus: fever. Liver: synthesis of actue
phase proteins
Chemitaxis and activation of leukocytes

Nk cells and T Cells: IFNg synthesis, increased cytosolic activity. T

cells: th1 differentiation
Activation of Macrophages, stimulates AB production to bind APC
Fc receptors, activates complement production, stimulates co
stimulatory molecule expression
All cells: antiviral state, increased class I MHC expression. NK
cells: activation
Macrophages: inhibition of Il-12 production, reduced exression of
costimulators and class II MHC molecules. Enhance b-cell
production
Liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins. B cells: proliferation of
anibody-production cells
NK cells: proliferation. T cells: proliferation
Nk cells and T Cells: IFNg synthesis,
Stimulates t-cells
Stimulates class swithing to make IgE
Stimulates IgA isotype switching

Homes leukocytes to skin

Binds CCR10 on effector T-Cell, homes t-cell to skin
Homes T cells to gut
Homes t cell to SI
Homes t cell to LI
Signal Transduction
Adhesion and signal transduction. MHC II APC
Adhesion and Signal Transduction MHC I APC
Signal Transduction (costimulation) B7 APC
Signal Transduction (negative regulation) B7 APC
Adhesion ICAM-1 APC
Enth
Adhesion VCAM Enth
Distinct to Activated Dentritic cell
When bound to CD40, amplifies signal to maintain immune
response. Activates macrophages and B cell isotype switching CD40 APC
Stimulates Eosinophils, + LKT production and cytotoxcity for
parasites (in vitro)
Promotes survival and activation of eosinophils
Stimulates Neutralizing IgG Ab (IgG4) production, TH2
differentiation. Inhibits Th1 response. Stimulates IgE production
TH1 Differentiation
Induces apoptosis by binding FasR on target cell
Low affinity binding of T-cell
Hgh affinity binding on endothelium

binds to PECAM which is on activated leukocytes, endothelial cell-

cell jxns.
Cd3 binds CR2 on b cell which leads to b cell activation via
complement system
Phagocytosis, activation of phagocytes
AB dependent cellular cytotoxicity
binds IgE and causes degranulation
Binds IgA and transports it into lumen of GI
Transfers mother's IgG into neonate via placenta or mother's milk

inhibits C1 protease activity

Cleaves c3b and c4b

causes dissociation of c3 convertase

Cissoc. Of c3 convertase. Cofactor for factor I

Increases vasc. Permeability, causes sm contraction. Toxic to H1R, H2R

parasites
Increases vasc. Permeability, causes sm contraction. Toxic to H1R, H2R
parasites
Smooth muscle contraction, vasc. Permeability
Vascular Permeability

chemotactic for CCR3

monocytes/macrophages/neutrophils/tcells/eosinophils
Chmotactic for T cells and Eosinophils CCR3
Eotaxin, found at sites of inflammation

Eosinophil migration, smc contraction, vasc. Permeability, musucs

hyperscecretion
Sm. Muscle Contraction, Increased permeability

Mast cell activation, helminthotoxic

Sames as MBP plus neurtoxic
Bronchoconstriction and activates platelets
Bronchoconstriction, mucus hypersecretion, edema