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Introduction: Lessons of the Lawn | Architecture as a Covenant with the World, Again 1
ARCH 1010: Lessons of the Lawn | Architecture as a Covenant with the World, Again
Lectures: Discussion Groups: Instructor: Office Hours: Credits: Tuesday and Thursday Campbell Hall 153, 9:30 10:45am Monday: 10:00 10:50 am, 12:00 noon 12:50, or 7:00 7:50 pm Peter Waldman (I.D. 2662) 110 Campbell pdw7e@virginia.edu Tu/Th 11:00 1:00 p.m. 4
Course Structure
Part 1: A Primer for Reading & Experiencing Architecture (weeks 1-4) A Method of Analysis applied to, and developed from the experience of The Academical Village Part 2: A Method of Analysis as applied to Civic Theaters (weeks 5-9) Trans-chronological Paradigms from Athens to Bilbao onto Chandigarh Part 3: A Method of Analysis as applied to Dwellings (week 10-12) Trans-cultural Paradigms from La Rotonda/Indiana parterres on/to Villa Savoye/Mairea & Fallingwater Part 4: A Method of Analysis as applied to the Design Process (weeks 13-15)
Course Description
The Lawn, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is at the immediate crossroads of daily life at this University.Jefferson intended for his architectural project to be at the core of a fine arts curriculum.The Lawn still serves as a Model Text, or Primer, guiding students toward architectural literacy. For Jefferson, architectural literacy was essential to life as a citizen. In this course the Lawn serves as a starting point in analyzing civic values in a series of case studies. It is the purpose of this course to develop architectural literacy, and examining the Lawn is the basis for developing a universal analytical method.
This course is intended to develop your understanding of architecture as a commitment to both fine art and culture. Using the specific qualities of the Lawn, we will begin to comprehend the power of architecture as public art with political and social consequences. This course fulfills a fine arts/ humanities distribution requirement for the College of Arts and Sciences and is the foundation course for undergraduates in the School of Architecture. The first intention of this course is for students to understand that architecture reflects culture and society. Jeffersons Academical Village, a theater for human activity, is a philosophical expression of a New World ethical culture. The conception of a constructed landscape places Common Ground at the center of the routines and rituals of academic life. This fundamental territorial engagement, at a scale rare in America at the time, provokes one to read the Lawn as a spatial as well as political invention. In this way the Arcadian dream is a setting for a youthful democratic republic. So too, the other case studies reflect the cultural values of their specific locales. The second intention of this course is to understand that architecture is a catalyst that encourages an ethical culture. This is brilliantly demonstrated by the Lessons of the Lawn, and evident in our case studies. The preservation of individual identity in synthesis with the
Introduction: Lessons of the Lawn | Architecture as a Covenant with the World, Again 3
Pedagogic Intentions
articulation of a terrain for civic activity is at the core of Jeffersons conception of citizenship. This constitutes the ethical content of the Lessons of the Lawn. The Jefferson project terminates not in the emphatic masses of Pavilions IX & X, but rather in the solitary student rooms; leaving them open-ended, unfinished, and the responsibility of the imaginations of individuals exploring the Edge of the Wilderness. The case studies analyze a similar ethical conscience. Students will finish the class with a new understanding of the responsibility and opportunity involved in shaping society through architecture. Methodology: The first few weeks of this course will proceed from the point of view of an architect as a strategist rather than that of an architectural historian. This course will show how both parts and permutations in architectural design produce a composition of the greater whole. Jefferson did not design in a linear manner nor was he a solitary creator. Rather, his design process was enriched by research into scientific methods, inspired by personal experience, and generated by collaboration with others.Jeffersons design is a synthetic contract with a greater community. It will be our task to read the architecture of the Lawn as the articulation of parts forming a dynamic yet synthetic whole that suggests the poetic posture of both a future reading and a future transformation. The rest of this course will employ a method of analysis based on the Lessons of the Lawn. This methodology allows us to read the cultural values and synthetic strategies evidenced in case studies. Typically we will examine these as pairs of ancient and contemporary architectural landmarks. We will examine case studies at a public scale and a domestic scale. Assumptions: We begin Here and Now. This course presumes that architecture is a two-party discussion.Every student/architect arrives at this university with nearly two decades of a profoundly active architectural practice.From our earliest memories of sandboxes and sand castles to the substantial construction of The Three Little Pigs, we take to heart our sympathetic journeys with Robinson Crusoe, Odysseus, Aeneas, Don Quixote and Prospero. We come informed with useful knowledge: both momentary and enduring engagements with making architecture.
This course attempts to introduce you to the concepts of Architecture as specific fictions of which we are all narrators and actors, not as a set of facts. This course is a pre-condition to design as a synthetic/ conjunctive act. This course introduces diagramming as an analytical tool for reading architecture.In effect, this is a reading course of artifacts as well as texts. You will be asked to connect your already well-developed reading/ writing skills with a parallel syntax of spatial structure, which gives both order and renewal to our cultural condition Here and Now. The specific disciplines of the School of Architecture structure this course. For us, this poses a dilemma: should Architectural History, as memory, come first - as Monticello haunts the Lawn - or should the pre-conditions of the Land, as both source and resource, commence a reading of this Place? Somewhere between Site and Memory mirages appear in the process of Building as a verb, which some call Architecture, and terminate in the political and ethical agendas of Environmental Negotiation, called Planning by others. This course presents the diverse resources of the Schools vital faculty. It cannot be all-inclusive, but it will establish the deep passion for essence, research and economy, which form the character of this school. Hopefully this is also the character of the discipline of architecture.
Introduction: Lessons of the Lawn | Architecture as a Covenant with the World, Again 5
Grading:
Ten Assignments: 70% (at 7% each) Midterm: 10% Final: 10% Discussion: 5% Sketchbook: 5% Grades are determined by the instructor and teaching assistants on the basis of an individual students engagement in the course as a discussion. A students performance on a given assignment/exam will be evaluated in terms of the clarity, creativity, and accountability with which they contribute to this discussion. Overall grades are based on the combination of individual assignments, exams, and engagement in discussion, as listed above. This strategy emphasizes a balance between careful attentiveness to the other voices of the course (e.g. the instructor, the readings, the artifact of the Lawn) and the development of the students own voice. Sketchbooks will be collected at mid term and the end of the semester. They are expected to be a collection of diagrams of the case studies presented in lecture and will be evaluated as a component of class participation. Late assignments will be docked a +/- per day late; i.e., a B assignment drops to a B- if it is one day late, C+ if two days late, etc. Students may revise one of the first 5 assignments (1-5). Late papers are not eligible for revisions or regrading. Acknowledge your sources. This is an important part of academic writing, from an ethical and creative point of view. Note every reading you reference in the body of the paper: in parenthesis with a page number; i.e. (Venturi, p. 4). All referenced readings should also be noted in a Works Cited section at the end of the assignment. Assigned readings should have the authors name and article or book name, and outside sources should also include publication information and the date of publication.
3-ring binder 8 x 5 (opens approx. 81/2x11) sketchbook, (MOLESKINE brand strongly suggested) available through the A+A Supply Store, located in Campbell Hall, and through the UVA bookstore.
Class websites:
http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~arch200/ Arch 101 Course website (Can also be accessed through the Architecture School course website): a resource for images, comparative case studies, and assignments https://collab.itc.virginia.edu/portal University Collab site: resource for all class readings, guest lectures, and assignments
Please note: Laptops will not be permitted in lecture. You must bring a sketchbook, no larger than 8x11 when open, to diagram the case studies and take notes during lecture. This sketchbook will count as part of your final grade.
Introduction: Lessons of the Lawn | Architecture as a Covenant with the World, Again 7
ARCH 1010: Lessons of the Lawn | Architecture as a Covenant with the World, Again
Required Field Trip to Monticello & Parcel X: Saturday, September 18th: 8am Noon
Week 1 Genesis
Tu 8/24 Spatial Tales of Origin: From Western and Non- Western Sources
Warm-Up Exercise and Syllabus issued
Reading:
Bible, Genesis 1: 1-31, Days 1-6.
Naipaul, V.S. Enigma of Arrival: A Novel, 5-8. Sontag, Susan. The Volcano Lover: A Romance, 3-4. Dripps, Robin. A Primer on Composition, 1-11. Ching, Francis, Freehand Drawing, in Architectural Graphics, 200-209. Pallasmaa, Juhani, Critique: Our Image Culture, in Architectural Record (January 2001), 51-52. Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture, 18-19, 23-32.
Th 9/9 The Difficult Whole: Center & Edge, Figure & Field
Reading:
Leatherbarrow, David. On Weathering: The Life of Buildings in Time, 97-106. Le Corbusier, The Illusion of Plans, in Towards a New Architecture, 175-194. Jackson, JB, Landscape As Theater, in The Necessity for Ruins, 67-75.
Week 5 Pre-Conditions of the Site | The World, Again: On Ritual and Routine (On Origins of Culture)
M 9/20 Assignment Three due Tu 9/21 Acropolis
Autumnal Equinox Reading:
Th 10/7 Additions to Campbell Hall: On Pavilions/Cells/ Fields/Passages Guest Lecture: W.G. Clark
Reading:
Clark, W.G. Replacement in Clarke and Menefee, 11-13. Solnit, Rebecca, The One-Story House, in A Field Guide for Getting Lost. Berger, John, The Chauvet Cave, in The Shape of a Pocket. Eliade, Mircea, Sacred Space and Making the World Sacred, in The Sacred and the Profane, 20-65.
Th 11/04 Fallingwater
Reading:
Purves, Alexander. This Goodly Frame, the Earth, 179-201. Assefa, Enkku Mulegeta, Inside and Outside in Wrights Fallingwater and Aaltos Villa Mairea, in Environmental and Architectural Phenomenology 14, 11-15.
Reading: Waldman, Peter, The Word Made Flesh Berger, John, On the Destruction of this World, in The Shape of a Pocket. Solnit, Rebecca, The Blue of Distance Second, in A Field Guide for Getting Lost.
Week 14 The Difficult Whole: The City & The Cell On Microscopes and Telescopes
M 11/22 Assignment Ten due T 11/23 The City as Journey: from Troy onto Rome onto Paris, Transposed by Jefferson as an Arcadian Vision of America: The Political Lessons of the Academical Village
Reading:
Rykwert, Joseph, Preface, The Idea of A Town, 23-26, 27-40. Homers Iliad, selections Solnit, Rebecca, The Blue of Distance, Third, in A Field Guide for Getting Lost. Berger, John, Michelangelo, in The Shape of a Pocket. Sennett, Richard, On Architecture & Craft, selections.
Naipaul, Jacks Garden, in Enigma of Arrival. Kwinter, Stanford, African Genesis, in Assemblage 36.
Th 12/02 Lessons of Making: On Marking & Making: A Collage of Lewitt/Slutsky/Iliescu A Final Visit with Surveyors, Nomads, and Lunatics
Reading:
Iliescu, Sanda. Openness, Incompleteness, and the Beauty of Margins, in lunch 4: margin (2009). Lippmann, Walter, Barren Ground, in A Preface to Morals. Saroyan, William. The Human Comedy. Brodsky, Joseph, On Nerves, in Watermark. New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1992.
Week 16 Postscript
Tu 12/07 Final Exam part 2 (in class); turn in One Good Room and sketchbooks
Glossary of Terms
CIRCUMSTANTIAL: Incomplete, peripheral certainly not at a core, edgy not central to the understanding of one space to another; not consequential. STRUCTURE: Something made up of a number of parts that are held or put together in a particular way. SYNTAX: Linguistic role of grammar; a study of the rules of language applied to building structure. THRESHOLD: A place or point of beginning; a piece of wood or stone placed beneath a door; the articulated field between outside and inside, e.g. threshing ground TRANSPOSE: To transfer from one place to another. COMPOSITION: The combining of distinct parts to form a whole. E.g. Center & Edge LITERACY: Condition of being knowledgeable in a particular field; the ability to reference models and types and make them synthetically useful in the design process. SPATIAL: Pertaining to the extent or expanse of a three-dimensional area. STRUCTURAL: Pertaining to the parts that support a load; pertaining to the way in which parts are arranged or put together to form a whole. TEMPORAL: Of or relating to the material world, worldly; of, relating to, or limited by time; Lasting only for a time, not eternal; Secular or lay, civil ACROPOLIS: A raised area holding a building or cluster of buildings; the fortified height or citadel of an ancient Greek city; In Greek, akron=top, polis=city. ALLEE: A walk of gravel, sand or turf, enclosed by a fence, hedge or trees. A linear space of enclosure and shelter. Tree branches trained to meet overhead. ARCADIAN MYTHS: Dreams of a rustic, peaceful, and simple life. BOSQUE: A French term for a small, irregularly planted wood, often contrasting a geometrical garden surrounding it. TRANSCENDENTALIST: classical philosophy that God transcends the manifest world; concerned not with objects but with our mode of knowing objects; Emerson defines nature as an all-encompassing divine entity inherently known to us in our unfettered innocence, rather than as merely a component of a world ruled by a divine, separate being learned by us through passed-on teachings in our experience. FOIL: To prevent from being successful; to thwart, obscure or confuse. To contradict and cause friction. HUMANIST: Pertaining to a philosophy asserting human dignity and mans capacity for fulfillment through reason and scientific method and often rejecting religion. INCLUSIVE: Including the specified extremes or limits as well as the area between them. PLINTH: A block or slab on which a pedestal, column, or statue is placed. In contemporary usage, it implies a fabricated level condition, earthen or otherwise, often but not always supporting a building. TERRACE: A raised embankment usually one of a series of horizontal ridges made in a hillside to increase cultivatable land, conserve moisture or minimize erosion; a colonnaded porch or promenade adjoining a building. ARCHITECTURE PARLANTE: Architecture talking about itself especially through their windows which frame Nature.
Glossary of Terms 39
Warm-Up Exercise
RECEIVE AND RESEARCH Gravity, Orientation, & Spatial Tales of Origin First Offering: Seed and Text Pistachio & Chili Seeds Enigma of Arrival, Naipaul The Volcano Lover, Sontag And other texts Process: This process will guide your analytical work this semester. Students will complete a two-part exploration for each assignment. The first part is a series of diagrams exploring structure and space. The second part is a written analysis that expands on the diagrams. Part 1: On 4x6 note/index/post cards students will diagram the structural and spatial qualities of objects and places. This should be done with an eye to understanding how objects and spaces provide a sense of place. Each card should contain one idea and one set of marks. This first Warm-Up Exercise has no limit to the quantity of cards except as assigned by you. We suggest five sets of two cards. One card from the set consists only of points, the other card should consist of only lines. Use only one side of each card. These will be pinned up in the class discussion session. The first pair of cards should include only one point and one line. The second includes two points and two lines, the third: four points/four lines, the fourth: sixteen points/sixteen lines, and finally the fifth set of cards should include 256 points/256 lines. Answer each of the questions A-D below with five sets of (1/2/4/16/256) postcards. This should produce a series of five responses to each part of A-D. The sequence of card sets forces a CONNECTION between these fundamentally distinct spatial issues. You will be acting as a designer of sorts; an architect who envisions the connection where only others can understand the parts. Part 2: In addition to these diagrammatic postcards you are to type only one page (8-1/2 x11) of text to accompany the four part questions. Think of five sentences for each part of the questions, four paragraphs for each section, with an internal recurrent duality. This is a design exercise pretending to be a response to an analytical methodology of the familiar and the commonplace. Enjoy the myriad of intuitive possibilities initially, but be strategic and educate yourself with this challenge.
FOUR QUESTIONS: A. B. C. Where do you come from? Where do you now find yourself? Begin the process of articulation and connection. What is the nature of a pistachio seed? What is the nature of a hot pepper seed? Continue the process of articulation and connection. How would you then strategically connect A to B? Enigma of Arrival is the story of a stranger relocated to an ancient and mythic land. The Volcano Lover is the story of strange things given value or rejected by diverse cultural responses. How are these brief texts related structurally to A + B? In other words how would you design a place where A + B = C?
D. The Bible, The Aeneid, and The First House are all Spatial Tales of Origin. How are recurrent themes, recurrent dualities of individual journeys and urban foundations connected to A + B + C?
Warm-Up Exercise: Lessons of the Lawn | Architecture as a Covenant with the World, Again 41
ARCH 1010: Lessons of the Lawn | Architecture as a Covenant with the World, Again