Paper: ASAT-13-HC-04

1 /13
13
th
International Conference on
AEROSPACE SCIENCES & AVIATION TECHNOLOGY,
ASAT- 13, May 26 2!" 200#" $-Mail: a % a t & ' t c ( e ) * ( e +
Military Technical Colle+e" ,o-ry $l.o--ah" Cairo" $+ypt
Tel : /02021 240222#2 2403613!" 3a4: /02021 22621#0!
Identification of Characteristics of Hydraulic Shock Absorbers
Used in Light Weight Tracked
Vehicles
A( M( Sale'

" 5( 6alal
7
Abstract: Shoc. a-%or-er% ha8e -eco'e the 'o%t 9i)ely *%e) ter' in a*to'oti8e
%*%pen%ion%( They are *%e) for the opti'i:ation of )ri8in+ co'fort an) )ri8in+ %afety( Thi%
paper i% concernin+ 9ith i)entification of characteri%tic% an) )a'pin+ coefficient of
the hy)ra*lic %hoc. a-%or-er% of a li+ht 9ei+ht trac.e) 8ehicle *n)er real con)ition%(
;yna'ic -eha8ior% of the a-%or-er are %t*)ie) -y -oth co'p*ter %i'*lation an)
e4peri'ental te%tin+( In the e4peri'ental te%tin+ the force an) 8elocity of the %hoc.
a-%or-er are 'ea%*re) on a %tan)ar) te%t -ench 9hich allo9 %in*%oi)al e4citation 9ith
)ifferent fre<*encie% an) a'plit*)e% corre%pon)in+ to roa) con)ition%( The %i'*late) 'o)el
i% carrie) o*t for the %a'e e4citation con)ition% *%in+ A;AMS pro+ra'( The roa)
ro*+hne%% i% +enerate) in the 'o)el *%in+ a rotational =oint 'otion applie) to re8ol*te =oint
9hich i% connecte) to the 'o8a-le en) of the %hoc. a-%or-er( The )a'pin+ coefficient of the
%hoc. a-%or-er i% al%o )eter'ine) accor)in+ to the re<*ire) rate of )a'pin+ of the 8ehicle(
The pre)icte) characteri%tic i% co'pare) 9ith the e4peri'ental re%*lt% an) 9ith tho%e
o-taine) fro' the co'p*ter %i'*late) 'o)el(
Keywords %hoc. a-%or-er" hy)ra*lic" 8i%co*% )a'pin+"
8i-ration
Introduction
;*rin+ trac.e) 8ehicle 'otion" %hoc.% are +enerate) )*e to roa) ro*+hne%% an)
tran%'itte)
thro*+h trac.% to the roa) 9heel% ca*%in+ )efor'ation of the ela%tic ele'ent% 9hich re%*lt%
in h*ll 8i-ration( Thi% 8i-ration i% )a'pe) -y the action of %hoc. a-%or-er% connecte) to
%*ch 9heel%( In or)er to )e%i+n %hoc. a-%or-er% for re%i%tin+ i'pact an) atten*atin+
8i-ration" the acc*rate characteri:ation of the %hoc. a-%or-er ha% to -e %t*)ie)( The
effecti8ene%% of )a'pin+ )epen)% on the )a'pin+ coefficient an) n*'-er an) location
of %hoc. a-%or-er% *%e) in the %*%pen%ion %y%te' of 8ehicle%(
In 'o)elin+ trac.e) 8ehicle )yna'ic%" the e<*ation of 'otion of it% h*ll ha% to -e
)eri8e)> thi% 'o)elin+ can -e carrie) o*t analytically 9ith a con%i)ere) n*'-er of
a%%*'ption% or *%in+ %oft9are pac.a+e %*ch a% A*to'oti8e ;yna'ic Analy%i% of
Mechanical Sy%te' 0A;AMS1( So'e phy%ical para'eter% in the e<*ation of 'otion can -e
calc*late) )irectly 9hile other para'eter% '*%t -e i)entifie) fro' e4peri'ent% ?1@( Ane of
the%e para'eter% i% that of )a'pin+ coefficient of the hy)ra*lic %hoc. a-%or-er% *%e) in
8ehicle %*%pen%ion %y%te'(
Paper: ASAT-13-HC-04
2 /13
$+yptian Ar'e) 3orce%
3 /13
Paper: ASAT-13-HC-04
In 'o)elin+ 8ehicle %y%te'%" 'any re%earche% are relate) to the characteri:ation of %hoc.
a-%or-er% ?2" 3@( The principle of )a'pin+ in hy)ra*lic %hoc. a-%or-er% )epen)% on
tran%for'in+ the .inetic ener+y of the o%cillatin+ h*ll into heat ener+y thro*+ho*t
the )a'pin+ orifice%( In trac.e) 8ehicle%" the h*ll 8i-ration ha% a -a) effect on cre9
co'forta-ility" acc*racy of firin+ on 'o8e" an) 8ehicle an) *n)ercarria+e %y%te'%( 5hen
%hoc. a-%or-er% +et ol) an) lo%e fl*i)" the )a'pin+ coefficient )ecrea%e% an) the %*%pen%ion
%y%te' lo%t it% a-ility to re)*ce 8ehicle 8i-ration an) after the 8ehicle pa%%e% o8er a -*'p" it
9ill o%cillate *p an) )o9n 'any ti'e% rather than =*%t once(
The paper i% concernin+ 9ith i)entification of )yna'ic characteri%tic an) )a'pin+
coefficient of the hy)ra*lic %hoc. a-%or-er *%e) in Ar'or Per%onnel Carrier 0APC1 M113
thro*+h three approache%( The fir%t one e%ti'ate% theoretically the )a'pin+ coefficient
of the %hoc. a-%or-er on the -a%i% of the re<*ire) rate of )a'pin+ an) the 8ehicle
%pecification%( The 8ehicle %pecification% that affect the nee)e) )a'pin+ are tho%e of 'a%%
'o'ent of inertia" )i%tri-*tion of roa) 9heel%" n*'-er of %hoc. a-%or-er% that the 8ehicle
e<*ippe)" an) the %tiffne%% of 8ehicle %*%pen%ion( The %econ) approach e8al*ate% the
)a'pin+ characteri%tic% an) the )a'pin+ coefficient e4peri'entally *%in+ a %tan)ar) te%t
-ench -y 'ea%*rin+ the )a'pin+ force an) the 8elocity of the pi%ton of the %hoc. a-%or-er
*n)er )ifferent e4citation fre<*encie% an) a'plit*)e%( The thir) approach e%ti'ate% the
)a'pin+ characteri%tic% of the %hoc. a-%or-er -y a )e8elope) %i'*late) 'o)el *%in+
A;AMS *n)er real operatin+ con)ition%( The operatin+ con)ition% are )eri8e) fro' the
nat*re of e4citation of the 8ehicle h*ll( Thi% e4citation i% )epen)in+ on confi+*ration of the
roa) that the 8ehicle i% 'o8in+ on an) on the 8ehicle 8elocity( In the follo9in+
in8e%ti+ation% the three approache% 9ill -e )i%c*%%e) an) the final concl*%ion 9ill -e
o-taine)(
Theoretical In!estigation
3or li'itin+ the a'plit*)e an) other para'eter% of 8i-ration" the 8ehicle %*%pen%ion
i%
e<*ippe) 9ith %hoc. a-%or-er% connecte) to e4tre'e roa) 9heel%( The %hoc. a-%or-er
applie% )a'pin+ re%i%tance force re%*ltin+ in a-%orption of 8i-ration ener+y( The )a'pin+
force can -e f*nction of )i%place'ent" 8elocity or fre<*ency an) 'ay -e linear or nonlinear
9ith re%pect to the%e para'eter%( The %hoc. a-%or-er *%e) in APC M113 i% of 8i%co*% type(
Thi% type of %hoc. a-%or-er i% the -a%ic type *%e) in %*%pen%ion %y%te' of trac.e) 8ehicle%
an) a*to'o-ile%( The i)eal 8i%co*% )a'per i% %*ch one in 9hich the )a'pin+ force i%
proportional to the fir%t po9er of 8elocity 0linear )a'pin+1 ?4@( In APC M113 the )a'per%
are connecte) to the fir%t" %econ) an) la%t roa) 9heel% in or)er to pro8i)e an effecti8e
)a'pin+ 'o'ent(
The actin+ 'o'ent% on 8ehicle h*ll 9hen it i% %*-=ecte) to an+*lar o%cillation _" are
in)icate) in the follo9in+ 3i+( 1(
C l
i i
4 /13
Paper: ASAT-13-HC-04
c(+
_ M
sp
Md
"ig# $ Acting %o%ents on !ehicle hull in da%&ed !ibration
The e<*ation of 'otion of h*ll in thi% ca%e 9ill -e a% follo9%:
J
y
_
M
sp
M
d
011
J
y
: 'a%% 'o'ent of inertia of 8ehicle a-o*t it% lateral a4e%
M
sp
: 'o'ent of %prin+% force%
M
d
: 'o'ent of )a'pin+ force%
M
sp
k
2
_
F
i
l
i
1
" F
i
C
i
f
i
" f
i

_l
i
021
Fi: force of the i
th
%prin+
fi : )eflection of the i
th
%prin+
C
i
: %tiffne%% of %*%pen%ion %y%te' at the i
th
roa) 9heel
l
i
: )i%tance of the i
th
roa) 9heel fro' 8ehicle center of +ra8ity
. : n*'-er of roa) 9heel% on one %i)e of 8ehicle 0for M113 .B21
an) hence:
M
sp
k
2_
_
2
1
031
k
d
M
d
2
_
M
d
i
1
041
M
di
: 'o'ent of )a'pin+ force of the i
th
)a'per
K
d
: n*'-er of )a'per% on one %i)e of 8ehicle 0for M113 .
)
B 31
2 /13
Paper: ASAT-13-HC-04
M
di
R
i
l
i
" R
i

'V
i
" V
i

_

l
i
021
R
i
: )a'pin+ force of the i
th
)a'per
l
2
2
2
_
i
' : coefficient of %hoc. a-%or-er
V
i
: 8ertical 8elocity of )a'per 'o8a-le part
Hence"
M
d

k
d
2'_
_
2
1
061
S*-%tit*tin+ for M
%p
an) M
)
in e<*ation 011" 9e +et:
k
k
d
J _ 2_
_
C l
2
2'_
_
l
2
0C1
y i i i
1 1
Intro)*cin+:
k
d
_
l
i
'
1
n
J
y
)a'pin+ con%tant 0!1
k
_
2C
i
l
i
1
J
y

_
%<*are of nat*ral fre<*ency 0#1
Then the e<*ation of 'otion 9ill -e:
_ 2n_
2
_ 0
0101
It i% a ho'o+eno*% %econ) or)er linear )ifferential e<*ation in 9hich it% +eneral %ol*tion i%:
_
Be
nt
cos(
d
t )
0111
9here:
2 2

_
n fre<*ency of )a'pe) o%cillation
T
2
d

perio) of )a'pe) o%cillation

d
The co'plete %ol*tion i% o-taine) -y )eter'inin+ the con%tant% D an) fro' the
initial con)ition%" %o that:
d
_
_
o
cos
o
e
nt
cos(
t
o
) 0121
_
o
: initial an+*lar )i%place'ent of 8ehicle h*ll
i i
i
o
y
_
n
_
tan
1
_
_

d '
The +raph of co'plete %ol*tion i% interprete) on the follo9in+ fi+*re:
t
t1
Td
t2 = t1 + Td
"ig# ' (es&onse of !ehicle hull of free da%&ed !ibration
The 'ean 8al*e of %hoc. a-%or-er coefficient ' i% )eter'ine) fro' the re<*ire) rate of
a'plit*)e of )a'pin+ repre%ente) -y the ratio of a'plit*)e% of t9o %*cce%%i8e
cycle%
_
_
_
_
_
1
( Dy )i8i)in+ the re%pon%e _ at t9o )ifferent perio)% 0t
1
" t
2
1" the follo9in+
relation
_
_
2 '
of )a'pin+ con%tant i% o-taine):
n

_
ln _
4
2
0ln _ 1
2
0131
Dy e<*ali:in+ the a-o8e e<*ation -y e<*ation 0C1" the 'ean 8al*e of %hoc.
a-%or-er coefficient i% fo*n):
k
J
_
C l
2
'
1(41ln
_
1
0141
kd
_
l
2
4
2
0ln _ 1
2
1
In trac.e) 8ehicle% an) a*to'o-ile%" the )a'per coefficient i% not con%tant 9hen the roa)
9heel 'o8e% *p9ar)% to9ar)% the h*ll an) )*rin+ 9heel 'otion )o9n9ar)% a9ay fro' h*ll(
The coefficient i% %'aller 9hen the 9heel 'o8e% *p9ar)% 0)a'per co'pre%%ion1 than 9hen
9heel 'o8e% )o9n9ar)% 0)a'per re-o*n)1( Therefore the )a'per ha% t9o coefficient%:
'
1
for co'pre%%ion an) '
2
for re-o*n)" 9here '
1
E '
2
%o"
'
2
kd
_
l
i
kd 1
1
_
l
i

kd 2
_
l
i
'
2
'
2 2
n
1

1 1
0121
J
y
J
y
k
d1
: n*'-er of %hoc. a-%or-er% %*-=ecte) to co'pre%%ion 0front a-%or-er%1
k
d2
: n*'-er of %hoc. a-%or-er% %*-=ecte) to re-o*n) 0rear a-%or-er%1
'
The ratio of coefficient% '
1
an) '
2
are interrelate) a%
0(4 an) 0(2 a% 'entione) in ?2@" hence:
1
r " the ratio r ha% a ran+e
-et9een
'
2
'
2

kd 1
nJ
y
kd 2
0161
r
_
l
2

_
l
2
i i
1 1
,no9in+ '
2
" '
1
i% calc*late) a% '
1
r'
2
3or trac.e) 8ehicle% the rate of )a'pin+ _ i% con%i)ere) to -e in the ran+e -et9een 12 an) 12
?2@( 3or M113" the follo9in+ para'eter% are con%i)ere) ?6@:
F
y
B 24 .G('(%
2
" .
)1
B 2 " .
)2
B 1 " C
i
B 12C .G/'
So -y *%in+ e<*ation 0141" the 'ean 8al*e of )a'pin+ coefficient ' " i% fo*n) to -e in the
ran+e -et9een 12(2 an) 16(2 .G(%/'(
3or an a8era+e 8al*e of r=0!" the )a'pin+ coefficient in co'pre%%ion '
1
B 11(2 .G(%/' an)
in re-o*n) '
2
B 23 .G(%/'
)*&eri%ental work
The %hoc. a-%or-er of APC M113 i% te%te) on a %tan)ar) te%t ri+ 0MTS!20 )a'per te%t
%y%te'1( The MTS!20 )a'per te%t %y%te' i% *%e) to 'ea%*re the perfor'ance
characteri%tic% of %hoc. a-%or-er% -y o-tainin+ the relation -et9een the )e8elope)
force in the %hoc. a-%or-er 9ith the pi%ton )i%place'ent an) 8elocity at )ifferent
a'plit*)e% an) )ifferent fre<*encie%(
The loa)in+ *nit i% the 'ain part of the MTS!20( It con%i%t% of loa) fra'e" cro%%hea) lift
an) loc." force tran%)*cer" act*ator" three %ta+e %er8o 8al8e" hy)ra*lic 'anifol)" an)
acc*'*lator% a% %ho9n in 3i+( 3#
The te%t% perfor'e) 9ith the hy)ra*lic te%t ri+ 9ere con)*cte) -y e4citin+ the %hoc.
a-%or-er -y a %in*%oi)al inp*t fre<*encie% e<*al to 00(2 an) 0(C H:1 9ith an a'plit*)e e<*al
to 20 ''( ;ata repre%entin+ force" )i%place'ent" te'perat*re an) 8elocity are collecte)
fro' %e8eral in%talle) %en%or% on the te%t ri+( Thi% infor'ation i% fe) into in%tr*'entation
%oft9are to +enerate +raph% that re8eal )a'per perfor'ance( The force of the %hoc. a-%or-er
an) the 8elocity of the pi%ton 8er%*% ti'e 9ere o-taine) an) recor)e)( The )a'pin+
coefficient of the te%te) %hoc. a-%or-er i% o-taine) fro' the relation%hip -et9een the
applie) force an) the 8elocity of the %hoc. a-%or-er pi%ton(
Te%te) %hoc. a-%or-er
3orce tran%)*cer
Control panel
Act*ator 9ith HI;T
"ig# + ,hotogra&hy of da%&er test syste%
The rotary 'otion of the )ri8e 'otor of the te%t ri+ i% tran%late) into linear 'otion of
the te%te) %hoc. a-%or-er( 5ith each co'pre%%ion/re-o*n) cycle" the )a'per %haft i%
%tro.e) thro*+h a pre%et )i%place'ent ran+e( The Hinear Iaria-le )ifferential Tran%)*cer
0HI;T1 follo9% thi% 'o8e'ent an) yiel)% a I;C %i+nal that relate% to %pee)( In
%i'ple linear 'o)elin+" the 8elocity rea)in+% are critical -eca*%e the )a'pin+ force% that
are pro)*ce) are )irectly proportional to the )a'per %haft %pee)( 3i+( 4 %ho9% the 'ain
ele'ent% of %hoc. a-%or-er of APC M113(
"ig# - Tested shock absorber of A,C .$$+
0 0"2 1 1"2 2 2"2 3 3"2 4
0 0" 2 1 1"2 2 2"2 3 3"2 4
0 0, 5 1 1,5 2 2, 5 3
0 0, 5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
3
o
r
c
e

?
.
G
@
F
o
r
c
e

[
k
N
]
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
y

[
m
/
s
]
I
e
l
o
c
i
t
y

?
'
/
%
@
3i+( 2"3i+( 6 repre%ent the 'ea%*re) force an) 8elocity 8er%*% the ti'e at fre<*encie% 0(2
an)
0(C H: re%pecti8ely 9ith a'plit*)e 20 ''( 3ro' the%e fi+*re% it i% clear that -y
increa%in+
the fre<*ency of e4citation> the applie) force increa%e% at the co'pre%%ion an)
re-o*n) %tro.e%( Thi% increa%e in the force i% )*e to increa%e of the ela%tic ener+y
%tore) in the a-%or-er(
Dy increa%in+ the e4citation fre<*ency" the pi%ton 8elocity of a-%or-er i% al%o increa%e% at
the co'pre%%ion an) re-o*n) %tro.e% an) hence the area of the cycle increa%e% an) the
)a'pin+ force o-taine) at 'a4i'*' relati8e 8elocity )ecrea%e% a% %o9n in 3i+( C( The rate%
of increa%e of the applie) force an) the a-%or-er 8elocity )eter'ine the a'o*nt of
linearity of the )a'pin+ coefficient of the te%te) %hoc. a-%or-er(
The ratio of )a'pin+ coefficient in co'pre%%ion an) re-o*n) for t9o fre<*encie% can
-e
o-%er8e) for' the fi+*re% to -e aro*n) 0(6( Thi% 8al*e i% correlate) 9ith ratio r 'entione)
in the theoretical in8e%ti+ation(
4
0"2
0"12
2
0"1
0"02
0
0
-2
-0"02
-0"1
-4
-0"12
-6
Ti'e ?%@
-0"2
Ti'e ?%@
"ig# / Variation of force and !elocity with ti%e at 0#/ H1 and /0 %% a%&litude
6 0,25
0,2
4
0,15
2
0,1
0
0,05
0
-2
-0,05
-4 -0,1
-6
-8
Time [s]
-0,15
-0,2
-0,25
Time [s]
"ig# 2 Variation of force and !elocity with ti%e at 0#3 H1 and /0 %% a%&litude
3ro' the pre8io*% re%*lt% of 8ariation of force an) 8elocity 9ith ti'e" the 8ariation of force
9ith 8elocity 9a% con)*cte)( 3i+( C re8eal% the 8ariation of the applie) force on the %hoc.
a-%or-er 9ith ti'e at fre<*encie% e<*al to 0(2 an) 0(C H: an) 9ith a'plit*)e e<*al to 20 ''(
F
o
r
c
e

[
k
N
]
F
o
r
c
e

[
k
N
]
3
0"2 H:
2
6
0"C H:
4
2
0
-0,2 -0,15 -0,1 -0,05 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2
-1
-2
0
-0,25 -0,2 -0,15 -0,1 -0,05 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25
-2
-3
-4
-6
-5
Velocity [m/s]
-8
Velocity [m/s]
"ig# 3 Shock absorber characteristics at 0#/4 0#3 H1 and /0 %% a%&litude
3ro' the )ata 'ea%*re) for the force an) 8elocity" the )a'pin+ coefficient of the %hoc.
a-%or-er can -e o-taine) -y )i8i)in+ the 8al*e% of the 'ea%*re) force 0for co'pre%%ion an)
re-o*n)1 -y the corre%pon)in+ 8al*e% of 8elocity( Ta-le 1 repre%ent% the 8al*e of the
)a'pin+ coefficient of the %hoc. a-%or-er of APC M113 in co'pre%%ion an) re-o*n)
%tro.e at e4citation fre<*encie% 0(2 an) 0(C H: an) at e4citation a'plit*)e 20 ''(
Table $ 5a%&ing coefficient obtained by hydraulic test rig
3re<*ency 0H:1
;a'pin+ coefficient 0.G(%/'1
Je-o*n) 0 '
2
1 Co'pre%%ion 0 '
1
1
A8era+e 8al*e 0 ' 1
0(2 1#(! 11(# 12(#
0(C 20(# 13(6 1C(2
Si%ulation In!estigation
In thi% part" the %i'*lation of the )yna'ic -eha8ior of %hoc. a-%or-er of APC M113 i%
acco'pli%he) thro*+h A*to'oti8e ;yna'ic Analy%i% of Mechanical Sy%te'
0A;AMS1
pro+ra'(
3i+( ! %ho9% the %tep% of 'o)elin+ an) %i'*lation of a 'echanical %y%te'( ;*rin+ trac.e)
8ehicle 'otion" it pa%%e% -y roa) *ne8enne%% 9hich act% on the h*ll thro*+h the
trac.% repre%entin+ an e4ternal e4citation ca*%in+ the h*ll to *n)er+o force) 8i-ration%( A%
a re%*lt of thi% e8ent" the %hoc. a-%or-er i% %*-=ecte) to an e4citation force( Characteri%tic%
of %*ch e4citation )epen) on the %hape of *ne8enne%% an) the 8ehicle 8elocity( Thi%
e4citation repre%entin+ the ca%e of force) )a'pe) 8i-ration of 8ehicle h*ll(
"ig# 6 Ste&s of %odeling and si%ulation of %echanical syste%s
The roa) profile i% *lti'ately chan+e) an) it i% i'po%%i-le to %i'*late e4actly thi% profile(
There e4i%t %e8eral 'o)el% for the roa) profile( Ane of the 'o%t 9i)ely applie) roa)
'o)el% for trac.e) 8ehicle%" i% the 'o)el in 9hich the roa) *ne8enne%% i% con%i)ere)
to -e of %in*%oi)al %hape of len+th a B 2 ! 0'1 an) hei+ht h B 0(1 0(2 0'1(
" B 0"02 '
a = 6 m
"ig# 7 characteristics of a ty&ical road
3i+( # %ho9% a typical type of roa) 9ay 9ith a'plit*)e 20 '' an) len+th 6 '( The
a'plit*)e of e4citation i% repre%ente) -y the hei+ht of the roa) 0"1 9hile the fre<*ency of
e4citation i% )epen)in+ on the %hape of the roa) an) 8ehicle 8elocity 0#1 %o that it can -e
calc*late) a% follo9%:

2#
01C1
e
a
3or a re+*lar 8ehicle 8elocity of 12 .'/hr an) for the +i8en roa)" the e4citation fre<*ency
i%
fo*n) to -e 0(22 H:( Hence" the %hoc. a-%or-er i% e4cite) -y t9o fre<*encie% 00(2" 0(C H:1
9ith a'plit*)e 20 ''( In thi% 'o)el" the %hoc. a-%or-er i% e4cite) a% it 9a% te%te) in the
e4peri'ental in8e%ti+ation a% %ho9n in 3i+( 10(
"ig# $0 Si%ulated %odel of shock absorber
The a'plit*)e an) fre<*ency of e4citation i% repre%ente) -y an i'po%e)
)i%place'ent e4pre%%e) -y the follo9in+ f*nction:
y y
o
cos t
y
o:
a'plit*)e of e4citation
)i%place'ent
: e4citation fre<*ency
01!1
"ig# $$ I%&osed dis&lace%ent on the si%ulated shock absorber
F
o
r
c
e

[
k
N
]
F
o
r
c
e

[
k
N
]
v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y


[
m
/
s
]
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
y


[
m
/
s
]
The a'plit*)e of e4citation y
o
i% e4pre%%e) -y the roa) hei+ht 020 ''1 9hile the fre<*ency
of e4citation ha% t9o 8al*e% corre%pon)in+ to 0(2 an) 0(C H: a% 'entione) in the
e4peri'ental part %*ch that ha% 3(14" 4(4 %
-1
re%pecti8ely(
The re%*lt% o-taine) fro' the 'o)el are repre%ente) in 3i+( 12"3i+( 13( 3i+( 12 ill*%trate%
the 8ariation of applie) force an) 8elocity 9ith ti'e at 0(2 H: an) 20 '' a'plit*)e 9hile
3i+(
13 )e'on%trate% the%e 8ariation% at 0(C H: an) 20 '' a'plit*)e( Dy co'parin+ the%e
re%*lt%
9ith tho%e o-taine) fro' e4peri'ental in8e%ti+ation" it can -e %een that 8ariation of applie)
force an) 8elocity 9ith ti'e ha% +oo) a+ree'ent% 9ith the re%*lt% o-taine) e4peri'entally
for -oth fre<*encie%( Iariation of the applie) force 9ith 8elocity i% o-taine) -y )i8i)in+ the
applie) force -y the 8elocity at each ti'e inter8al( Thi% 8ariation repre%ent% the )a'pin+
coefficient of the %hoc. a-%or-er in -oth co'pre%%ion an) re-o*n)( A% 'entione) in the
theoretical part" the )a'pin+ coefficient of %hoc. a-%or-er% *%e) in tac.e) 8ehicle% an)
a*to'o-ile% i% %'aller in co'pre%%ion than in re-o*n)( Thi% )ifference can -e %een fro' the
fi+*re%( The po%iti8e 8al*e% of the force an) 8elocity in 3i+( 12 an) 3i+( 13 %ho9% the
action of %hoc. a-%or-er% in co'pre%%ion 9hile the ne+ati8e 8al*e% %ho9 it% action in
re-o*n)( 3ro' -oth action%" the 8al*e% of )a'pin+ coefficient in -oth co'pre%%ion an)
re-o*n) are fo*n) an) co'pare) 9ith the 8al*e% o-taine) fro' e4peri'ental re%*lt%( The
ratio of the )a'pin+ coefficient% of %hoc. a-%or-er in co'pre%%ion an) re-o*n) +i8e%
the pre)icte) 8al*e 'entione) in the theoretical part 9hich i% 0(6( Thi% 'ean% that the
)a'pin+ coefficient of the hy)ra*lic %hoc. a-%or-er can -e pre)icte) 9ith hi+h acc*racy
*%in+ the relation% 'entione) -efore(
3,00
0,20
2,00 0,15
1,00 0,10
0,00
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00
-1,00
-2,00
0,05
0,00
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00
-0,05
-3,00 -0,10
-4,00 -0,15
-5,00
Time [s]
-0,20
Time [s]
"ig# $' Variation of force and !elocity with ti%e at 0#/ H1 and /0 %% a%&litude
6,00
0,25
4,00
2,00
0,20
0,15
0,10
0,00
0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00
-2,00
-4,00
-6,00
0,05
0,00
-0,05
-0,10
-0,15
-0,20
-8,00
Time [s]
-0,25
Time [s]
"ig# $+ Variation of force and !elocity with ti%e at 0#3 H1 and /0 %% a%&litude
Conclusion
The theoretical in8e%ti+ation of the )a'pin+ coefficient of %hoc. a-%or-er *%e) in
trac.e)
8ehicle% pro8i)e% a +oo) approach to pre)ict it% 8al*e in -oth co'pre%%ion an)
re-o*n)
%tro.e%(
The )a'pin+ coefficient in -oth co'pre%%ion an) re-o*n) %tro.e% can -e e%ti'ate) *%in+ a
'ea%*re) force an) 8elocity o-taine) fro' the hy)ra*lic te%t ri+ of 'o)el MTS !20
The a8era+e 8al*e of )a'pin+ coefficient of hy)ra*lic %hoc. a-%or-er% of APC M113 at lo9
e4citation fre<*encie% i% fo*n) to -e 12(2 .G(%/' in co'pre%%ion %tro.e an) 20(2 .G(%/'
in
re-o*n) %tro.e(
A n*'erical 'o)el *%in+ A;AMS ha% -een )e8elope) in or)er to %i'*late the )yna'ic
-eha8ior of the %hoc. a-%or-er an) to )e%cri-e an) e8al*ate it% )a'pin+ coefficient
in co'pre%%ion an) re-o*n) cycle%(
$8al*ation of %o'e para'eter% li.e a'plit*)e an) fre<*ency of e4citation -y *%in+
the %i'*late) 'o)el i% )i%c*%%e)( The %t*)y %ho9% that the%e para'eter% -e%i)e the )a'pin+
coefficient are the .ey factor% that affect the perfor'ance characteri%tic% of the %hoc.
a-%or-er(
The )e8elope) n*'erical 'o)el can -e *%e) a% a *nit of %*%pen%ion %y%te' of
trac.e) 8ehicle% )*rin+ 'o)elin+ of )yna'ic -eha8ior of %*ch 8ehicle%(
(eferences
?1@ 5( Schiehlen" D(H*" KSpectral Si'*lation an) Shoc. A-%or-er
I)entificationK"
International Fo*rnal of Gon-Hinear Mechanic% 3!" 2003" pp( 161-1C1
?2@ J( Da%%o" K$4peri'ental Characteri:ation of ;a'pin+ 3orce in Shoc. A-%or-er%
9ith
Con%tant Ielocity $4citationK" Iehicle Sy%te' ;yna'ic% 30" 1##!" pp( 431-
442(
?3@ S( Cafferty" ,( 5or)en" 6( To'lin%on" KCharacteri:ation of A*to'oti8e
Shoc.
A-%or-er% L%in+ Jan)o' $4citationK" Proc( In%t( Mech( $n+( Part ; 20#" 1##2" pp(
23#-24!
?4@ S( A)hi.ari an) F( 5oo)ho*%e" KI)entification of ;a'pin+: Part 1" Ii%co*%
;a'pin+K" Fo*rnal of So*n) an) Ii-ration" 2001" 243011" pp( 43-61
?2@ Printe) lect*re% of tan.% )epart'ent" KTheory of S*%pen%ionK" Chair of tan.%"
Military
Technical Colle+e" Cairo" $+ypt" 1#C4(
?6@ A(M Sale'" T( Salah*)ien" K$8al*ation of Characteri%tic% of Trac.e) Iehicle%
Tor%ion Dar%K" 13
th
international conference on Applie) Mechanic% an) Mechanical
en+ineerin+" Military Technical Colle+e" Cairo" $+ypt" 2C-2# May 200!
?C@ Stefaan 5(J( ;*y'" KSi'*lation Tool%" Mo)elin+ an) I)entification" for
an A*to'oti8e Shoc. A-%or-er in the Conte4t of Iehicle ;yna'ic%K" Iehicle Sy%te'
;yna'ic%" 33" 2000" pp( 261-2!2