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WATER POLLUTION
• Sewage is the term used for wastewater that often contains faeces,
urine and laundry waste.
• There are billions of people on Earth, so treating sewage is a big priority.
• Sewage disposal is a major problem in developing countries as many people
in these areas don’t have access to sanitary conditions and clean water.
• Untreated sewage water in such areas can contaminate the environment
and cause diseases such as diarrhoea.
• Sewage in developed countries is carried away from the home quickly and
hygienically through sewage pipes.
• Sewage is treated in water treatment plants and the waste is often
disposed into the sea.
• Sewage is mainly biodegradable and most of it is broken down in the
environment.
• In developed countries, sewage often causes problems when people flush
chemical and pharmaceutical substances down the toilet. When people are
ill, sewage often carries harmful viruses and bacteria into the
environment causing health problems.
2) Industrial waste
Oceans are polluted by oil on a daily basis from oil spills, routine shipping, run-
offs and dumping.
• Oil spills make up about 12% of the oil that enters the ocean. The rest
come from shipping travel, drains and dumping.
• An oil spill from a tanker is a severe problem because there is such a
huge quantity of oil being spilt into one place.
• Oil spills cause a very localised problem but can be catastrophic to local
marine wildlife such as fish, birds and sea otters.
• Oil cannot dissolve in water and forms a thick sludge in the water. This
suffocates fish, gets caught in the feathers of marine birds stopping
them from flying and blocks light from photosynthetic aquatic plants.
4) Marine dumping
Dumping of litter in the sea can cause huge problems. Litter items such as 6-
pack ring packaging can get caught in marine animals and may result in death.
Different items take different lengths of time to degrade in water:
6) Eutrophication
Virtually all types of water pollution are harmful to the health of humans and
animals. Water pollution may not damage our health immediately but can be
harmful after long term exposure. Different forms of pollutants affect the
health of animals in different ways:
If you want to help keep our waters clean, there are many things you can do to
help. You can prevent water pollution of nearby rivers and lakes as well as
groundwater and drinking water by following some simple guidelines in your
everyday life.
• Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not
necessary. This helps prevent water shortages and reduces the amount f
contaminated water that needs treatment.
• Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don't throw
paints, oils or other forms of litter down the drain.
• Use environmentally household products, such as washing powder,
household cleaning agents and toiletries.
• Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilisers. This will
prevent runoffs of the material into nearby water sources.
• By having more plants in your garden you are preventing fertiliser,
pesticides and contaminated water from running off into nearby water
sources.
• Don't throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean up any litter
you see on beaches or in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect
the litter and put it in a nearby dustbin.
Refering
• Advisory Committee on Protection of the Sea (ACOPS) - www.acops.org
• All the Way to the Ocean - www.allthewaytotheocean.com
• Clean Ocean Action - www.cleanoceanaction.org
• Coast Net - www.coastnet.org.uk
• Climate Concern - www.climate-concern.com
• Earth Share – www.earthshare.org
• EduGreen - www.edugreen.teri.res.in
• Friends of the Earth - www.foe.co.uk
• Fun and educational environmental guide - Tiki's guide for kids
• Green Alliance - www.green-alliance.org.uk
• Greenpeace - www.greenpeace.orgs
• International Water Association - www.iwahq.org.uk
• Marine Conservation Society - www.mcsuk.org
• Marinet - Campaigning to Protect Marine Environment - www.marinet.org.uk
• Planet Save - www.planetsave.com
• The Geography Site - www.geography-site.co.uk
• The Ocean Conservancy - www.oceanconservancy.org
• riverOcean Foundation - www.riverocean.org.uk
• Save Our Seas - www.saveourseas.com
• Solent Forum - www.solentforum.hants.org.uk
• Water Conserve - Water Conservation Portal - www.waterconserve.org
• Water Treatment Information - www.water-treatment.org.uk
• Wetlands International - www.wetlands.org
• WWF - www.panda.org
Poem about water