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Searching for Sources

In order to do research, you need to be able to access sources using library resources as well as the Internet. Most of you have been using search engines such as Google to help you find information on a variety of topics. The Internet is a wonderful resource for finding information, but you need to keep in mind that anyone can post web pages to the Internet, so it is very important to pay close attention to the author/designer/ source of web information. In order to use websites as sources for your research, you must be able to clearly identify the author/organization and have reasonable certainty about the authenticity of the source. This means that you need to find out about the background of your source. It is important to use your university library to find sources in addition to using the Internet. It is important because there might be relevant articles or books on your topic that are not accessible through the Internet, and in this case, you will need to go to the library and find the sources in paper form. You can also enter the Valley Library through the Internet, and by choosing full-text articles, you can read many sources of information about your topic online. On pages 37-38 are specific guidelines for finding full-text articles online. Use this handout as a guide as you begin to search for information on which to base your presentations throughout the term. Once you have decided on your sources, you will need to provide reference pages identifying your sources for your audience (on a handout or on a PowerPoint slide). You will be using APA formatting to create your reference pages. A formatting guide is provided on the next few pages in your packet. You can also use the website http://citationmachine.net/ to do automatic formatting. Use these guides to format your references in APA style. Be sure to follow the format exactly. Your instructor will check your formatting to see if you have followed APA guidelines. When you are giving an oral presentation or speech, you need to refer to your source of information verbally (as well as on your PowerPoint slide if you are using PowerPoint). To do this, you refer to the source of your information: In the article, [article name], [author name] writes/says/mentions/holds that . . . . . According to [author name] in the article, [article name] . . . . . . . [author name] in the article, [article name] writes/says/mentions/holds that . . . . Some information I found in [article name] by [author name] says that . . . . . . . . It is very important to refer to your sources of information both verbally and in writing.

(From: Discussion Interaction in the Academic Community by Carolyn G. Madden & Theresa N. Rohlck, University of Michigan Press, 1998)

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Citing Sources APA Format

Web sites:
Include as much information as you can: Author's name (Family name, First initial, Second initial), Year of publication or year (in parentheses - if there is no date, write n.d.). Title of document Name of the website or sponsor. Retrieved from: URL (that will take the reader directly to the information youre using) (If there is no author, use the name of the sponsor in place of the author)

Books: o o o o Authors name (Family name, First initial, Second initial), Year of publication (in parentheses). Title of book (italicize). City: Publisher.

Journals/Magazines: o o o o o o Authors name (Family name, First initial, Second initial), Year of publication (in parentheses). Title of the article. Name of the journal or magazine, volume number, (italicize) Issue number (in parentheses) Pages

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Examples of Websites:
This web site has all the above information: Jones, C.J. (1998). Children and divorce. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Retrieved from http://www.aacap.org/publications/factsfam/divorce.htm This web site has the name of an author, article, and a sponsor: it does not have a date when it was written: Jones, C.J. (n.d.). Children and divorce. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Retrieved from http://www.aacap.org/publications/factsfam/divorce.htm This web site does not have the name of an author, but it has the name of the sponsor and date: American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (1998). Children and divorce. Retrieved from http://www.aacap.org/publications/factsfam/divorce.htm This web site does not have the name of an author or sponsor, but it has a title: Children and divorce (1998). Retrieved from http://www.aacap.org/publications/factsfam/divorce.htm

Examples of Books:
Shaw, D. L. (2001). Principles of business communication. Los Angeles: Harcourt Brace. A chapter or article in a book: Polster, M. (2006). Eves daughters. In N.E. Dollahite & J. Haun, Sourcework (pp.163165). Boston, MA: Thomson Heinle. Shaw, D. L. (1987). Dealing with divorce and its repercussions. In L. R. Hare & K. ONeill (Eds.), Divorce and children: A definitive discussion (pp. 210-245). New York: Cengage Publishers, Inc. An entry in a dictionary or reference book: Vanden, G. R. (2007). American dictionary of common Use. New York: Putnam. Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Saltra (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.). Retrieved from http:plato.standord.edu/entries/behaviorism/ Dictionary.com, LLC. (2010). Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/divorce

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Examples of Journal Articles:

Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., & Asgaard, G. (2004). Effects of quitting smoking on neonates. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 2,(6), 38-48. Note: your in-text citation for this article would look like this, the first time you cite it: (Gilbert, McClernon, Rabionvich, Sugai & Asgaard, 2004). The second and subsequent times you cite it, it will look like this: (Gilbert, et. Al, 2004).

Sillick, T. J. & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem versus perceived early parental love and adult happiness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 5(12), 45-116. Retrieved from htto://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/indes/php/ejap

Arrange your references in a list, arranged alphabetically, on a separate slide on PowerPoint or in a hangout. For Example:

References
Adolescents and divorce (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.aacap.org/publications/factsfam/divorce.htm. Children and divorce (1998). American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Retrieved from http://www.aacap.org/publications/factsfam/divore.htm. Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Saltra (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.). Retrieved from http:plato.standord.edu/entries/behaviorism/. Shaw, D. L. (2007). Divorce and children. San Diego: Thistlewood Publications. Sillick, T. J. & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem versus perceived early parental love and adult happiness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 5(12), 45-116. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/indes/php/ejap Wilson, E. P. (2005). The eclipse of divorce. The new divorce, 15 (3), 510.