I N T E G R AT E D P O W E R S Y S T E M A N A LY S I S S O F T W A R E

PowerFactory 15.1
Whats New

DIgSILENT

DIG

SILENT
PowerFactory

DIgSILENT GmbH Heinrich-Hertz-Strae 9 72810 Gomaringen / Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 7072-9168-0 Fax: +49 (0) 7072-9168-88 info@digsilent.de

Please visit our homepage at: http://www.digsilent.de

Copyright 2013 DIgSILENT GmbH

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of DIgSILENT GmbH. December 2013 r1149

CONTENTS

Contents
1 2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation and Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 4 5 Installation Directory and Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User Log On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conguration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 8 9 9

Support Package Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Project Archiving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Import of Integral les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Network Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Annotation Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Protection Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neutral Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Elements in Drawing Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Analysis Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 DC Short-Circuit Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Quasi Dynamic Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Simplied Time Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Power Quality Assessment according to D-A-CH-CZ Guideline . . . . . . . . . . 13 Modal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.5.1 7.5.2 QZ Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Output Data for Matlab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

7.6

Protection Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3 Time-Overcurrent Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Coordination Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis according to BGI/GUV-I 5188 . . . . . . . . 17

7.7 7.8 8

Arithmetic Post-processing in Virtual Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Optimal Manual Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 8.1 New Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

CONTENTS

8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.1.5 8.2

PV System (ElmPvsys) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Impulse Source (ElmImpulse) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 DC Machine (ElmDcm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 DC Battery (ElmBattery ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Series RLC Filter (ElmSlt ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Model Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2.5 8.2.6 8.2.7 8.2.8 8.2.9 2-Winding Transformer (ElmTr2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3-Winding Transformer (ElmTr3 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Static Generator (ElmGenstat ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Synchronous Machine (ElmSym) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Asynchronous Machine (ElmAsm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Shunt Measurement Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Station Controller (ElmStactrl ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Measurement Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Frequency Polynomial Characteristic (ChaPol ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Python Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 9.1 9.2 PowerFactory Module in Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Integration of a Python Script into PowerFactory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

ii

INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION

Introduction

This document highlights the new key features and enhancements available in PowerFactory 15.1.

Installation and Conguration

PowerFactory 15.1 adheres to Microsofts guidelines for Windows desktop applications. This section summarizes the most important changes.

2.1

Installation Directory and Workspace

Previous versions of PowerFactory used to combine the Installation directory and Data directory in one common place: C:\DIgSILENT\pf150. Now, PowerFactory 15.1 properly distinguishes between installation and data les. The Installation Directory is usually created and modied exclusively by the PowerFactory Setup or PowerFactory Service Packs. It contains all les provided by the installation such as executables, dynamic link libraries (dll), manuals etc. The default path is: C:\Program Files\DIgSILENT\PowerFactory 15.1 or C:\Program Files (x86)\DIgSILENT\PowerFactory 15.1. The PowerFactory 15.1 conguration is stored in a readable format le (PowerFactory.ini) in that path. Further, the PowerFactory executable le has been renamed to PowerFactory.exe (see Figure 2.1).

Figure 2.1: Installation Directory Path

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

2.2

User Log On

INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION

The Workspace Directory contains all user data including the local database, result les and log les. It is located within the Windows user prole in: C:\Users\<Username>\AppData\Local\Digsilent\PowerFactory 15.1. PowerFactory provides a function that exports the complete workspace into a compressed ZIP archive. Additionally, there is a function to import a workspace archive. This offers several applications: Simple and intuitive data backup and restore. Data migration to a PowerFactory installation on a different computer. Data migration to a newer PowerFactory version. The workspace can be sent to DIgSILENT s Support Team in case of complicated problems. Figure 2.2 shows the available Workspace functions. They are available in the Tools Workspace submenu.

Figure 2.2: Workspace Functions

A function for importing workspaces from an existing 14.x or 15.0 PowerFactory version is available too. Although Microsoft suggests storing the Workspace in the Windows user prole, it is possible to congure an arbitrary folder for Workspace storage, e.g. F:\Data\My PowerFactory Workspace.

2.2

User Log On

On a workstation where only one user works with PowerFactory , it is not necessary to trouble the user with a Log On dialogue. PowerFactory uses the Windows user name as default in the PowerFactory database. The Log On dialogue will be shown only when really needed i.e. if there is more than one user in the database and/or the user has set a password (see Figure 2.3).

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

2.3

Conguration

INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION

Figure 2.3: Log On Dialogue

Furthermore, a new function has been introduced to switch the logged in user directly from PowerFactory (e.g. to work as Administrator). This function is part of the Tools menu (see Figure 2.4).

Figure 2.4: Switch User Function

2.3

Conguration

In previous versions of PowerFactory the conguration was part of the Log On dialogue. Due to the changes in the Log On procedure these settings have been moved into a separate conguration. In PowerFactory 15.1 the conguration can be accessed with Tools Conguration... (see Figure 2.5).

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

SUPPORT PACKAGE FUNCTION

Figure 2.5: PowerFactory Conguration

As mentioned above, these conguration settings are stored in an ini le located in the installation directory (this method replaces the set.dz mechanism used in previous PowerFactory versions). Windows administrator rights are required in order to change the conguration le. For advanced users it is possible to change the conguration directly by editing the PowerFactory.ini le.

Support Package Function

DIgSILENT provides PowerFactory support to users through the Customer Support Portal. In complicated cases the technical support engineer usually asks for conguration les, log les or other PowerFactory related system information. To simplify that procedure a function to create such a support package has been introduced. This function (Create Support Package) collects all necessary data and stores it in a convenient ZIP archive ready to upload to the Support team (see Figure 3.1). It is important to note that no PowerFactory project les are included in this process. These les should be provided independently (upon request).

Figure 3.1: Create Support Package Function

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

PROJECT ARCHIVING

Project Archiving

Over time multi-user databases tend to increase in size and can take up unnecessarily large amounts of storage space and even slow down the system responsiveness. A new archiving function for decreasing the used database storage space and increasing performance of large multi-user databases is available in PowerFactory 15.1. Older projects that are currently not used but still important for a possibly use in the future can now be archived. In multi-user database environments, the user can easily send projects to the archive folder by executing the Archive command in the context sensitive right mouse button menu of each project item as shown in Figure 4.1. The archived projects are exported from database and stored in a separate folder (Archived Projects) for long term storing. The user increases thus system performance and the speed of general database operations (e.g. project loading/closing). All information regarding the initial project location is also saved allowing the user to restore projects in the exact location it originated from.

Figure 4.1: Project Archiving - Archive Command

Projects can be accessed back and loaded into the active database by executing the Restore command in the context sensitive right mouse button menu of each project item as shown in Figure 4.2.

Figure 4.2: Project Archiving - Restore Command

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

NETWORK GRAPHICS

5
5.1

Interfaces
Import of Integral les

Importing Integral 7 XML les is possible with PowerFactory 15.1.

6
6.1

Network Graphics
Annotation Layers

Network diagrams can now easily be enriched by additional graphical annotations. A new concept of graphical Annotation Layers has been introduced. Various graphical elements are supported: Built-in graphical elements (e.g. circles, rectangles, lines, poly lines etc.) text icons (bitmap les) By default a single annotation layer is active, nevertheless multiple layers can be dened. Reordering layers, hiding them and moving graphics between layers are built-in features offering a high degree of exibility. For convenience and better organisation the objects within a specic layer can be separated in multiple groups. It is possible to import/export annotation layers. For this purpose, an SVG le format is used. Figure 6.1 displays an example showing how the annotation layers may be used to create complex diagrams.

Figure 6.1: Annotation Layers Example

6.2

Protection Devices

PowerFactory 15.1 adds the possibility to graphically represent in the single line and substation diagrams the current (StaCt ) and voltage (StaVt ) instrumentation transformers as well as relay elements (ElmRelay ). This is done using the Current Transformer ( ), Voltage Transformer ( ) and Relay Model ( ) buttons. Signal routing between these elements is performed using the Connector button ( ). The signalling path from the current or voltage transformers to the relevant relays can be explicitly

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

6.3

Neutral Wiring

NETWORK GRAPHICS

drawn. Current and voltage transformers as well as relays can be created, repositioned and edited within the network diagram as it is the case with any other network element. The newly created elements are also accessible as before from within the Data Manager window by selecting the corresponding cubicle where they have been created. An example of a substation diagram using the graphical representation of these elements is shown in Figure 6.2.

Figure 6.2: Graphical Representation of Protection Devices in a Substation

6.3

Neutral Wiring

PowerFactory now offers the user the option to explicitly represent the neutral connections and interconnections of the following widely used elements: Power transformers (ElmTr2 and ElmTr3 ) Shunt elements (ElmShunt ) External grids (ElmXnet ) Synchronous (ElmSym) and asynchronous machines (ElmAsm) Static generators (ElmGenstat ) PV systems (ElmPvsys) Neutral earthing elements (ElmNec ) An interconnection of separate neutral wires is illustrated in Figure 6.3.

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

6.4

New Elements in Drawing Toolbox

NETWORK GRAPHICS

Figure 6.3: Network Diagrams including the Neutral Wire

6.4

New Elements in Drawing Toolbox

In PowerFactory 15.1 several modications have been made to the Drawing Toolbox. A summary of the new features is shown in Figure 6.4.

Figure 6.4: Whats New in the Drawing Toolbar

The new features of the Drawing Toolbox are described below: The Freeze Annotation Layers button ( ) freezes the graphical elements dened in the Annotation Layers and deactivates the illustrating graphic buttons of the Drawing Toolbar (no illustrating graphics can be introduced in the Single Line Diagram Layer). For more information please read Section 6.1.

DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New

ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

A new PV model is available in PowerFactory 15.1 and the element can be added via the PV system button ( ) . More information can be found in Section 8.1.1. The Impulse Source button ( ) adds the element to the single line diagram. More information about the impulse current source can be found in Section 8.1.2. The Connection Request button ( ) is used in association with power quality analysis according to D-A-CH-CZ guideline (see Section 7.4). A new DC machine element can be added via the associated DC Machine button ( Section 8.1.3 for more information. ). See

A new series RLC lter element can be added in the Single Line Diagram using the Series RLCFilter button ( ) (more information can be found in Section 8.1.5). The new battery element is added via the Battery button ( Section 8.1.4. The Protection devices related buttons ( tion 6.2. ). The battery model is described in

) and their functionality is described in Sec-

The Annotation Layers specic buttons are activated/deactivated by the Freeze Annotation Layers button ( ). Within the Annotation Layers specic buttons the Layer Image button ( More information can be found in Section 6.1. ) is newly available.

7
7.1

Analysis Functions
DC Short-Circuit Calculation

PowerFactory 15.1 extends the Short Circuit Calculation with two more options: DC Short Circuit according to IEC 61660 DC Short Circuit according to ANSI/IEEE 946 The maximum and minimum short-circuit currents can be analysed from various DC based models such as: AC/DC converters (rectier/inverter) in bridge connection (ElmRec and ElmRecMono) Smoothing capacitors (only for IEC 61660) (ElmShnt ) Batteries (ElmBattery) DC motor/generator (ElmDcm) The DC Short Circuit Calculation can be initialised using the results of a Load Flow Calculation (optional). With this option selected, instead of taking a constant pre-fault voltage factor into account, the Load Flow Calculation is used to determine the pre-fault voltages in the DC system. Upon completion of the calculation, the user may access a complete set of result variables as dened in the standards, among them: Peak short-circuit current Quasi-steady-state short circuit current DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New 9

7.2

Quasi Dynamic Simulation

ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Time to peak Rise & decay times, rate of rise Equivalent system resistance and inductance, network time constant, etc.

Figure 7.1: DC Short Circuit Calculation Dialogue

7.2

Quasi Dynamic Simulation

The execution of medium to long term simulations is now optimised in PowerFactory 15.1 thanks to the new Quasi Dynamic Simulation engine. If simulation periods ranging from hours up to years are under investigation, the Quasi Dynamic Simulation automates the entire simulation process. Multiple Load Flow Calculations are carried out with user dened time step sizes between each simulation. The results from each calculation are stored and are available for post processing. The tool is particularly suitable for planning studies in which long term load and generation proles are dened in parallel with multiple contingency scenarios, variations and expansion stages. In terms of user handling, the tool is easy to use, resembling the dynamic simulation engine as shown in Figure 7.2. All Load Flow Calculation variables are available for storing and plotting. Statistical data for the variables is also available. Results such as the maximum, minimum, average, variance, etc. are provided. Energy values are also quantied for the studied time interval.

Figure 7.2: Quasi Dynamic Simulation Dialogue

Tabular reports are supported for the most relevant results (loading/voltage ranges and non convergency cases) as shown in Figure 7.3. Exporting to HTML or Excel is also a built-in feature.

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7.3

Simplied Time Characteristics

ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Figure 7.3: Tabular Reports for Quasi Static Simulation

An example of the results obtained from a Quasi Dynamic Simulation is shown in Figure 7.4 (The results for only one day are displayed), where the net power transfer in a LV network is monitored over a period of time.

Figure 7.4: Example using Quasi Dynamic Simulation

7.3

Simplied Time Characteristics

The usage of time characteristics is simplied in PowerFactory 15.1 thanks to the introduction of a predened time scale. The input data can be either manually inserted in a predened table or by using external data les (.csv or even customized formats). The user can easily change the recurrence base (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, none) and the time step (minutes or hours). A caption of the newly added window menu is shown in Figure 7.5.

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7.3

Simplied Time Characteristics

ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Figure 7.5: Dialogue dening a Time Dependent Characteristic

Several approximation methods are available for interpolation between points: Linear Polynomial with user dened order Spline Hermite The resulting time characteristic is plotted on a dedicated time plot for fast visualisation as shown in Figure 7.6.

Figure 7.6: Automated Visualisation Plot of Time Characteristics

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7.4

Power Quality Assessment according to D-A-CH-CZ Guideline

ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

7.4

Power Quality Assessment according to D-A-CH-CZ Guideline

The Connection Request Assessment Tool is a very useful feature for power quality calculations according to D-A-CH-CZ guideline Technical Rules for the Assessment of Network Disturbances as used in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Czech Republic. A new Connection Request Assessment com). This element mand ( ) is available as well as the Connection Request element (ElmConreq represents a new load installation which is to be connected to the grid. All parameters required by the D-A-CH-CZ guideline can be directly set in the element page, as shown in Figure 7.7.

Figure 7.7: Connection Request Element Dialogue

Full assessment of the D-A-CH-CZ guideline is performed based on the following criteria: Voltage Changes and Flicker Voltage Unbalance Harmonics Commutation Notches Interharmonic Voltages Following the calculation, a detailed report and summary are made available for further analysis. An example of a LV connection assessment summary and the associated network diagram are shown in Figure 7.8).

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7.5

Modal Analysis

ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Figure 7.8: Example of LV Load Connection Summary

7.5
7.5.1

Modal Analysis
QZ Method

The Modal Analysis package is being enhanced in PowerFactory 15.1 by the introduction of the QZ factorization method. In comparison to the previous QR method (based on system reduction), additional models are now supported using the QZ method: Asynchronous machine (ElmAsm) PWM Converter (ElmVscmono, ElmVsc ) Surge arrester (StaSua) Complex load (TypLodind ) DC-machine (ElmDcm) DC-line (TypLne) DC shunt (ElmShnt ) DC valve (ElmValve) In previous PowerFactory versions, networks containing any of the above models required the use of the Arnoldi Calculation method.

7.5.2

Output Data for Matlab

By using any of the calculation methods of the Modal Analysis engine, the user has the possibility to obtain MATLAB compatible output results and system matrices as shown in Figure 7.9.

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7.6

Protection Functions

ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Figure 7.9: Matlab Ready Output Results of Modal Analysis

7.6
7.6.1

Protection Functions
Time-Overcurrent Plots

A new feature is added in PowerFactory 15.1 which enables single-line diagram paths to be shown in time-overcurrent plots as illustrated in Figure 7.10. This is done by dening a specic path including the protection equipment of interest. Legend entries are also separately displayed.

Figure 7.10: Single Line Diagrams in Time-overcurrent Plots

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7.6

Protection Functions

ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

7.6.2

Coordination Assistant

The new coordination assistant helps the protection engineer to quickly nd well structured and consistent network protection solutions and afterwards easily analyse, tune and implement the chosen settings in the protection devices. The algorithm is exible, automated and comprehensive featuring the following options: User-denable coordination area (paths) Automatic coordination of distance protection relays Determination of relay protection zones Reactive reach via zone-factors (independent, cumulative, ref. to line 1) Resistive reach based on prospective fault/load resistance Output options: Tabular report Time-distance diagram Automatic update of protection devices A snapshot of some of the available parameter settings is shown in Figure 7.11.

Figure 7.11: Coordination Assistant Dialogue

Time distance plots are automatically obtained after executing the algorithm, as shown in Figure 7.12.

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7.7

Arithmetic Post-processing in Virtual Instruments

ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Figure 7.12: Example of a Resulting Time-distance Diagram

7.6.3

Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis according to BGI/GUV-I 5188

The Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis has been extended in PowerFactory 15.1 to support the German Standard BGI/GUV-I 5188 as shown in Figure 7.13. The calculation performs the automatic determination of: Arcing current (IkLB ) Fault clearing time Arc energy (WLB ) Personal protective equipment class (PSAgS)

Figure 7.13: Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis according to BGI/GUV-I 5188

7.7

Arithmetic Post-processing in Virtual Instruments

All virtual instruments (e.g. visualisation plots) have now been enhanced to support DSL compatible arithmetical equations. This feature removes the hassle of having to dene dedicated DSL blocks and associated common models for the post processing of results. Adding, subtracting, offset or any other equation relating one or more result variables can be easily dened in the plot options as shown in Figure 7.14. DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New 17

7.8

Optimal Manual Restoration

ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS

Figure 7.14: User Dened Result Variables using DSL Syntax

Figure 7.15: Example Plot using Arithmetic Post-processing of Result Signals

Any calculations needed only in the result analysis phase can be eliminated entirely from the user dened models. Simulation models are therefore simpler and easier to debug. The user benets through shorter development time and increased focus on the studied phenomena.

7.8

Optimal Manual Restoration

PowerFactory 15.1 includes a new Optimal Manual Restoration tool which determines the optimal sequence for operating manual switches when searching for location of a fault in a distribution network. This tool is intended for distribution networks with a radial feeder topology which may contain remote control switches (RCS). The Optimal Manual Restoration tool denes the locations of manual switches which are to be opened/closed and the corresponding sequential order that a service team should open/close these switches in order to restore power safely to the greatest number of consumers in the shortest possible time. DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New 18

MODELS

8
8.1
8.1.1

Models
New Models
PV System (ElmPvsys)

A new and comprehensive PV built-in model is available in PowerFactory 15.1 greatly simplifying projects using the photovoltaic based generation element (ElmPvsys) as shown in Figure 8.1. The creation of planning scenarios containing PV generation is therefore simplied.

Figure 8.1: PV Model (ElmPvsys) Graphical Representation

Multiple inverter phase congurations, conversion efciency, number of panels and number of parallel inverters are standard built-in options. Different PV panel technologies (Mono-Si, Poly-Si, a-Si, CIS, CdTe) are implemented based on user-dened datasheet parameters. Depending on the geographical location (an example for varying latitude is shown in Figure 8.2), the model can accurately simulate injected power output by the help of various settings: PV panel mounting system (xed, single or dual axis tracking) Irradiance model (geographically based/measured hourly data, global and diffuse irradiance models) Environment factors (ambient temperatures, shading factors, reection coefcient)

Figure 8.2: Power Output of a Dual-axis 5 kWp PV System for Different Geographical Locations

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8.1

New Models

MODELS

A PV system reactive power controller is implemented for Load Flow calculations including the following control types: Power factor reference Voltage reference Droop characteristic Q(V) characteristic Cosphi(P) characteristic

8.1.2

Impulse Source (ElmImpulse )

Analysis of network faults due to lightning strikes is enhanced by the addition of the built-in impulse current source model (ElmImpulse). This EMT-Simulation specic model supports three standardised current waveform types: Two-exponential Heidler IEC62305-1 compliant The impulse current source (ElmImpulse) can be set to model either positive, negative and subsequent lightning strikes. Different types of current waveforms are exemplied in Figure 8.3.

Figure 8.3: Current Waveforms Generated using the Impulse Current Source

8.1.3

DC Machine (ElmDcm)

The new DC machine model (ElmDcm ) is designed for use in Load Flow and DC Short-Circuit Calculations as well as RMS- and EMT-Simulations. The model can be set to both motor and generator mode. The DC machine (ElmDcm) element supports ve different machine types: Separately excited machine model DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New 20

8.1

New Models

MODELS

Shunt-connected machine model Series-connected machine model Compound-connected machine model with a shunt located ahead of the series eld Compound-connected machine model with a shunt located behind the series eld

8.1.4

DC Battery (ElmBattery )

A DC battery model is now available in PowerFactory 15.1. It is based on the DC voltage source model and includes battery specic parameters such as capacity, number of cells, internal resistances and inductances etc. It can be used in Load Flow and DC Short-Circuit Calculations as well as RMSSimulations. A snapshot of the available parameters for DC short circuit calculation are shown in Figure 8.4).

Figure 8.4: DC Short Circuit Parameters of DC Battery Model

8.1.5

Series RLC Filter (ElmSlt )

A new passive component is now available in PowerFactory 15.1 representing a series RLC lter (see Figure 8.5). It simplies the graphical representation. In previous versions separate elements for resistance, inductance and capacitance were needed in order to create RLC lters. The lter can either be a single or a three phase type. It is used for Load Flow and AC Short-Circuit Calculations as well as RMS- and EMT-Simulations.

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8.2

Model Enhancements

MODELS

Figure 8.5: Series RLC Filter Dialogue

8.2
8.2.1

Model Enhancements
2-Winding Transformer (ElmTr2 )

The 2-Winding Transformer element (ElmTr2 ) benets from several enhancements in PowerFactory 15.1. It is now possible to simultaneously dene LV and HV tap changers (see Figure 8.6).

Figure 8.6: Simultaneous Denition of LV and HV Tap Changers

An extended phase shifter model is also available providing the possibility of choosing either an ideal phase shifter (voltage magnitude does not change) or a symmetrical phase shifter (correlation between taps on HV and LV side).

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8.2

Model Enhancements

MODELS

8.2.2

3-Winding Transformer (ElmTr3 )

In addition to the already available parameter No load current (cr0m3 ), the model has been extended R0 (rtox0n). so that the user can also enter the magnetising impedance ratio X 0

8.2.3

Static Generator (ElmGenstat )

The Static Generator element (ElmGenstat ) has been enhanced as below: Model selection for RMS simulation According to connected input signals (default) Current Source Voltage Source Constant Impedance Support for switch-on threshold and delay during disconnection period due to minimum operating voltage Switch-off Threshold (parameter umin) Switch-on Threshold (parameter uonthr ) Switch-on Delay (parameter Tondelay )

8.2.4

Synchronous Machine (ElmSym)

The synchronous machine model (ElmSym) is augmented with the following new features: Saturation curve: quadratic, exponential equations or tabular input (see Figure 8.7) New input signal delta speed (typically useful in sub-synchronous resonance studies) Harmonics/Power Quality Harmonic source representation using Thevenin equivalent, impedance or ideal voltage source Flicker coefcients Frequency dependent negative and zero sequence resistances and inductances (r2(f), l2(f), r0(f), l0(f)) Additional damping (only for generators) Inertia of mechanical load and gear ratio (only for motors)

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8.2

Model Enhancements

MODELS

Figure 8.7: Saturation Effect of Synchronous Machine Model (ElmSym)

8.2.5

Asynchronous Machine (ElmAsm)

Additional parameters are added to the asynchronous machine model (ElmAsm) in order to represent the inertia of the mechanical load and the gear ratio (only for motors).

8.2.6

Shunt Measurement Table

For the inductor (R-L) and capacitor (C ) shunt types (ElmShnt ) the denition of input data based on measurement reports is now possible as shown in Figure 8.8.

Figure 8.8: Measurement Table for a Capacitor Shunt Type

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8.2

Model Enhancements

MODELS

8.2.7

Station Controller (ElmStactrl )

A new control mode has been added to the Station Controller element (ElmStactrl ) : tan(phi) Control (see Figure 8.9)

Figure 8.9: New Control Mode in Station Controller - tan(phi)

8.2.8

Measurement Devices

The existing voltage (StaVmea), current (StaImea) and power (StaPqmea) measurement models have been enhanced so that measurements on single phase elements can be executed (as shown in Figure 8.10). Results of the single phase measurement models are available only for unsymmetrical calculations/simulations.

Figure 8.10: Single/Three Phase Voltage Measurement Element

8.2.9

Frequency Polynomial Characteristic (ChaPol )

An additional equation for k (f ) is implemented, being particularly useful in studies with frequency dependent resistance of cables and transformers (as illustrated in Figure 8.11). The additional equation is shown below: k (f ) = 1 + a ((f /f n) 1)b (1)

Figure 8.11: Frequency Polynomial Characteristic Dialogue - Equation Type 2

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PYTHON INTEGRATION

Python Integration

PowerFactory 15.1 newly offers support for the Python scripting language. Python can now be used for various kinds of automation tasks within PowerFactory and integration tasks from external applications. Although the proprietary built-in scripting language will still be supported, there are several good reasons to start using Python: Non-proprietary, widely spread and very popular scripting language Open source licensed Extensive standard libraries and third party modules Interfaces to external databases and MS-Ofce like applications Web-services, etc. Support for debugging Can be compiled

9.1

PowerFactory Module in Python

The functionality of PowerFactory is offered in Python through a dynamic module with the name powerfactory.pyd. Some facts about this module: Dynamic module implemented in Boost.Python using the PowerFactory API Offers access to all objects all attributes (element data, type data, results) all commands (load ow calculation, etc.) lots of special built-in functions (DPL functions) Usable from within PowerFactory through the new command ComPython external (PowerFactory is started by the module as an engine) Here is a small example which prints Hello World! to the PowerFactory output window and executes a load-ow calculation. The following script can be executed from within PowerFactory .
1 if __name__ == __main__: 2 #connect to PowerFactory 3 import powerfactory as pf 4 app = pf.GetApplication() 5 if app is None: 6 raise Exception("getting PowerFactory application failed") 7 8 #print to PowerFactory output window 9 app.PrintInfo("Hello World!") 10 11 #get active project 12 prj = app.GetActiveProject() 13 if prj is None: 14 raise Exception("no project activated") 15 16

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9.2

Integration of a Python Script into PowerFactory

PYTHON INTEGRATION

17 18 19

#calculate load-flow ldf = app.GetFromStudyCase("ComLdf") ldf.Execute()

To start the script externally, the path of the PowerFactory module has to be added to the system path (see lines 2-4).
1 if __name__ == __main__: 2 #prepare system path 3 import sys 4 sys.path.append("C:\\Program Files\\PowerFactory\\python\\") 5 6 #connect to PowerFactory 7 import powerfactory as pf 8 app = pf.GetApplication() 9 if app is None: 10 raise Exception("getting PowerFactory application failed") 11 12 #print to PowerFactory output window 13 app.PrintInfo("Hello World!") 14 15 #get active project 16 prj = app.GetActiveProject() 17 if prj is None: 18 raise Exception("no project activated") 19 20 21 #calculate load-flow 22 ldf = app.GetFromStudyCase("ComLdf") 23 ldf.Execute()

9.2

Integration of a Python Script into PowerFactory

Every Python script le (*.py) is represented in PowerFactory by a ComPython object. A ComPython object holds only the path, not the le itself. With the Open in external Editor button it is possible to edit the le directly. The Execute button executes the script.

Figure 9.1: ComPython Edit

Python scripts (ComPython) objects can be executed like DPL scripts (ComDpl objects): from the data manager from the main menu DIgSILENT PowerFactory 15.1, Whats New 27

9.2

Integration of a Python Script into PowerFactory

PYTHON INTEGRATION

from the main toolbar from the single line graphic as a button, etc. An executing ComPython object can be interrupted with the Break button in the main toolbar.

Figure 9.2: Main Toolbar Break Button

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DIgSILENT

Company Profile

access to relay manuals, interfaces with manufacturer specific relay settings and integrates with PowerFactory software, allowing for powerful and easy-to-use settings co-ordination studies. PowerFactory Monitor is a flexible performance recording and monitoring system that copes easily and efficiently with the special requirements for system test implementation, system DIgSILENT is a consulting and software company providing engineering services in the field of electrical power systems for transmission, distribution, generation and industrial plants. DIgSILENT was founded in 1985 and is a fully independent, privately owned company located in Gomaringen/Tbingen, Germany. DIgSILENT continued expansion by establishing offices in Australia, South Africa, Italy, Chile, Spain and France, thereby facilitating improved service following the world-wide increase in usage of its software products and services. DIgSILENT has established a strong partner network in many countries such as Mexico, Malaysia, UK, Switzerland, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, China and India. DIgSILENT services and software installations have been conducted in more than 110 countries. DIgSILENT StationWare is a reliable central protection settings database and management system, based on latest .NET technology. StationWare stores and records all settings in a central database, allows modelling of relevant workflow sequences, provides quick DIgSILENT PowerFactory DIgSILENT develops the leading integrated power system analysis software PowerFactory, which covers the full range of functionality from standard features to highly sophisticated and advanced applications including wind power, distributed generation, real-time simulation and performance monitoring for system testing and supervision. For wind power applications, PowerFactory has become the power industrys de-facto standard tool, due to PowerFactory models and algorithms providing unrivalled accuracy and performance. DIgSILENT Consulting DIgSILENT GmbH is staffed with experts of various disciplines relevant for performing consulting services, research activities, user training, educational programs and software development. Highly specialised expertise is available in many fields of electrical engineering applicable to liberalised power markets and to the latest developments in power generation technologies such as wind power and distributed generation. DIgSILENT has provided expert consulting services to several prominent wind-grid integration studies. performance supervision and the determination and supervision of connection characteristics. Numerous Monitoring Systems installed at various grid locations can be integrated to a Wide-Area-Measurement-System (WAMS). PowerFactory Monitor fully integrates with PowerFactory software.

DIgSILENT GmbH Heinrich-Hertz-Strae 9

72810 Gomaringen Germany

T +49 7072 9168-0 F +49 7072 9168-88

mail@digsilent.de www.digsilent.de