S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

Date:25
th
April2007

TEMSINVESTIGATION(GSM)

DearFriends

ThisisaTechnicalDocumentonTEMSInvestigationGSM,Documentisbeingwrittenfor
helpingourEngineeringTeamtounderstandtheFundamentalsofGSMRadioParameters
observedonDriveTest,FunctionalityofTEMShowtoworkonthat,AnalysisandReport
generation.

DocumentisforStudyPurposeonlyforeveryoneandnotforpromotionofanycompany.

IfthisdocumentishelpfulforanyoneofusinanymeanIfeeltheeffortsmadetobeworth

IamthankfultomyfriendSanjayGohel(OverseasHeadADACellworks)forinspiringme
towritethedocumentandMohitYadav(Sr.EnggRFADACellworks)forprovingmehis
valuablesupportandcontributioninmakingthisdocument.

Thanksandregards

ShailendraGairola
TeamLead(Wireless)ADACellworks
shailender.gairola@adacellworks.com
shailender_zte@hotmail.com
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
TEMSInvestigationforGSM

INDEX

1) UnderstandingSignallingChannelCoding
a) ChannelCodingofSpeechSignal
b) Interleaving
c) SilenceDescriptor(SIDFrame)
d) FullandSubValues(RxQual,BER,FERDTXDownlinkRate)

2) StartingTEMSInvestigationGSM
a) UserInterface
b) ConnectingExternalEquipments
c) RecordingFunctions
d) LoadingMaps
e) PresentationWindows
i. RadioParameters
ii. CurrentChannel
f) SignallingWindow
g) SystemInformation(Type1Type8)
h) CallAssignment
MobileOriginatingCall/MobileTerminatingCall
LocationUpdate
Disconnect
Handovers
3) AnalysisofDriveTestdata
a) ExportLogfile
b) SetupSettings
c) MapInfoConversion
d) CreateThematicMap

Additional
Signaling
a) SignalingLayer3
1) ConnectionManagementsublayer
i. CallControl
ii. ShortMessageServiceSupport
iii. SupplementaryServicesSupport
2) MobilityManagementsublayer
i. Registrationmessages
ii. Securitymessages
iii. ConnectionManagementmessages
3) RadioResourceManagement
b) SignalingLayer2
c) SignalingLayer1
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
SignalingChannelCoding

ChannelcodingofSpeechsignal

1) Firstspeechissampledandsegmentedintoblocksof20ms
2) Thenitiscompressedinspeechcodertoconsist260bits.
3) 260bitsdividedintothreedifferentclasses
a) VeryImportantbits(50bits)
b) Importantbits(132bits)
c) Notsoimportantbits(78bits)

Channelcoding(FullRateTrafficSpeechSignal)

AfterChannelcoder,456OutputbitsareInterleavedandsegmentedintoBursts,thesearesend
overairInterface.
AtreceiverendChanneldecoderwilltransform456bitsto260bits,thesewillpassthrough
speechdecoderandoutputof20msspeechsignalwillberetrieved

ChannelCoder456Outputbits(InterleavedandsegmentedintoBursts)

AirInterface(456Bits)

20msSpeechSpeechDecoder260BitsChannelDecoder

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
ChannelCoding(Signalling):AllInformationbitsareprotectedbyFIREcode
forerrordetectionandallinformationbitsareconvolutioncoded.

ChannelcodingofsignalingonControlchannels

1) Nowbothspeechandsignalingframesarein456bits/frame.
2) 456bitsaresplitinto8parts=57bitseach

456bits

57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57

Burst: DataStreamtransmittedinonetimeslot
Anormalburstcancontain2Blocksof57bits

TAIL(3) DATA(57) FACCH

FLAG(1)
TSC(26) FACCH
FLAG(1)
DATA(57) TAIL(3) GUARD
(8.25)

Interleaving
Speechisinterleavedover8halfbursts;SACHCHisinterleavedover4wholebursts.

E.g.atozisspeechframesandAisaSACCHblockasshowninthefigure
HalfpartofaspeechframeistransmittedoverpreviousSACCHmultiframe
zframewillbefinishedonnextSACCHframe.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

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SPEECHFRAMEMappingonSACCH(4x26TCHmultiFrame)fig:(SF1)

FourSACCHtimeslot=SACCHBlock(containssysteminformationBSMS,
measurementreportonUplinkchannel)
IDLEtimeslotsusedforsearchingSCH(synchronizationchannel)burston
NeighboringcellsholdingthetimingandBSICvalueofthecell
.
Noweachburstlasts0.577ms(exactly15/26ms)andthuseightburstslast4.615ms
0.577ms4.615ms

1Timeslot 8timeSlotsfor8users

1SACCHperiod=4.615x104bursts (4X26=104BURSTS)
=480ms

SilenceDescriptor(SIDframe):asshowninthefigurenhalfburstsaresilence
descriptorframe
ItisusedwhenDTX(DiscontinuousTransmission)isactiveandit
containsparametersrepresentingbackgroundnoiseonthemicrophone.
VAD(voiceactivitydetector)continuouslymonitoreachspeechframe
containing20msofspeech.
IfVADfindsasilentframe,itanalyzesbackgroundnoiseinspeech
frameandcreatesaSIDframewhichwillreplacetheoriginalsilent
speechframe.
AslongasVADdoesnotdetectanyspeech,oneSIDframeperSACCH
multiframewillbesent.

FULLandSUBvalues
FULLvaluesarebasedonallframesonSACCHmultiframewhethertheyaretransmittedfrom
BSornot
IfDTXisusedonDLtheFULLvalueisinvalidinthatperiodandwillgivehighBER,
becausetheyincludebiterrormeasurementsinthatperiodwherenothinghasbeensent.

SUBvalueisbasedonmandatoryframes(alwaysmustbetransmitted)onSACCH
multiframe.SACCHBlockAbursts,andSIDframenburstsasshowninfigSF1
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
RXQual:
Value:0to7
Eachvaluecorrespondstoestimatednumberofbiterrorsinnumberofbursts.

RXQualBER(Biterrorrate)
qua0 (BER<0.2%)
qua1 (BER0.20.4%)
qua2 (BER0.40.8%)
qua3 (BER0.81.6%)
qua4 (BER1.63.2%)
qua5 (BER3.26.4%)
qua6 (BER6.412.8%)
qua7 (BER>12.8%0)

BERiscalculatedoverfour26Multiframes(1SACCHMultiframe),oneachTCHblock
(8/2=4TCHbursts)andonSACCHblock(4SACCHbursts).

ForeachTCHblock378class1bitsareused
(50(MostImpbits)+3(CRC)+132Importantbits+4tailbits)x(coded@1/2)
SACCHblock456bitsareused.
IfTCHblockisreplacedbyFACCHmessage,insteadof378,456bitsareused

NumberofTCHbits=(Noof26Multiframes)x(NoofTCHblocksper26Multiframes)x
(NoofbitsperTCHblocks)
=(4x6x378)
i.e.(4x6x378)+456)=9528bitsoneachSACCHmultiframeifTCHchannel
and3x456=1368bitsifSDCCHchannel

BER(BitErrorRate):AfterChanneldecoderdecoded456bitblock,itiscodedagainand
comparewith456bitsInputandthenumberofbitsthatdifferincomparingbothblocks
resultsinBER.
(BiterrorsareaccumulatedinBERsumforeachSACCHMultiframe;thisbiterrorSUMis
dividedtotalnumberofbitsperSACCHMultiframeandclassified(07)).

FER(FrameErasureRate){0to100%}:
FERisbasedonnumberofblocksthathavebeendiscardedduetoerrorinCRC(Cyclic
redundancycheck:(Protects50mostimportantbits))

FER(%)=(No.ofBlockswithincorrectCRC/TotalNoofBlocks)x100

FERFull
TotalnumberofblocksonfullrateTCHchannel=24TCH+1SACCH=25Blocks

FERFull(%)=(NoofblockswithincorrectCRC/25)x100

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
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E.g.FER1
Asshowninfigf,i,kframeshaveincorrectCRC.
FERFull(%)=(3/25)x100=12%

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E.g.FER2
Iff,i,kandAframeshaveincorrectCRC
FERFull=(4/25)x100=16%

FERSUB
TotalnumberofmandatoryblocksonfullrateTCHChannel=1TCH+1SACCH=2
Blocks
Ine.g.FER2.asshowninthefigureIff,i,kandAframeshaveincorrectCRC

FERSUBonlycountsSACCH(A)andSID(n)frames.SothereisanerrorinAbut
thereisnoerrorinn

FERSUB=(1/2)x100=50%

DTXDownlinkRate:ThisIndicatesthathowmanyTCHframeswerenotsenttoMSduring
lastSACCHmultiframe,thisvaryfrom0to96%
Canneverbe100%becauseframecontainingSIDinformationmustbesentforeachSACCH
multiframe.

DTXDLRate(%)=(Noofsilentblocks/totalNoofBlocks)x100

EachSACCHMultiframehas24TCHframes,sototalNoofblocks=24
ItisanIndicationwhetherDTXDLisusedinGSMNetworksasthereisnoparameterinGSMto
tellmobileifDTXDLisusedornot
IfDTXrateisveryhighforwholeperiodoftimeduringacalltherecouldbeasilentcall
probleminthenetwork
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
Anyproblemwithsilentcalllocatedbeforethevoiceactivitydetector(VAD)intheTranscoder
unit(TRAU)inBasestationsubsystem(BSS)canbefoundusingDTXDLrateinformation
element.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
STARTINGTEMSINVESTIGATION

TEMSInvestigationisanairinterfacetesttoolforrealtimediagnostics.
YoucanmonitorvoicechannelsaswellasdatatransferoverGPRS,circuitswitched(CSD)or
highspeedcircuitswitched(HSCSD)connections.

StartingTEMSInvestigation

ChooseStart>Programs>TEMSProducts>TEMSInvestigationGSM.

UserInterface
WorkspaceandWorksheets
Thiswillstorewindowsettingsinyourworkingsession
Toolbars
ToaccessthecentralFunctions
Navigator
Toopenpresentationwindows,Thresholdvaluestherepresentationcolorscan
bechangedfromhere
Menu
Status
Thiswilldisplaysymbolsandshortmessageswhichindicatethecurrentstatus
oftheapplication

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
ConnectingExternalEquipments
SemiAutomaticEnabling:UsingtheIdentifyEquipmentFunction
ConnecttheTEMSmobilestationtoaCOMport.
IdentifyEquipment:applicationstartstoscantheselectedCOMportsfor
externaldevices















ForTEMSmobiles,TEMSandDATAcablesaredetectedasseparateunits

TheTEMScablewillbedesignatedbyMSnandtheDATAcablebyDCn,
wherenisalwaysidenticalforthetwocablesconnectedtothesamemobile.
ScannersarenamedMSnandGPSunitsPSn.
Thedetecteddevicesareautomaticallyenabled,butnotconnected;thisstateis
indicatedbyaredlightsymboltotheleftofeachdevice












ManualEnabling:AddingOneDeviceataTime
Select Add Equipment




Select the correct COM port

Select the type of external device

R520m for the TEMS cable, and choose
R520m Data Cable for the DATA cable.
The two cables will be treated as different
devices in TEMS Investigation.
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)


Connecting External Equipment


Connect the Equipment


Connect All the Connections

Disconnecting External Equipment


Disconnect Connection


Disconnect all Connections

RECORDING LOGFILES



Start recording

Mention the path to store the recorded logfile.














Recording functions






Filemarksaretextstringswhichcanbeinsertedmanuallyinalogfiletomentionthespecial
eventnoticedduringdriveTestandthatcanbeeasilyfindoutwhilereplayingtheLogFiles.








S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)


LOADINGMAPSINTEMS

1. OpentheMAPwindowandclickOPENMAP

2. SelecttheMapInfoFilefromtherespectivelocation.

3. SelectMapInfositeandcellfile

4. SelectlayercontrolformakingchangesinvisibilityoftheselectedMapInfofiles.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
Presentation Window
We can select many more windows like AMR parameter windows, MAP on GSM window
according to our need and convenience.
Serving+Neighbors
CurrentChannel
LineChart
RadioParameters




























Serving+Neighbors:
Shows BSIC, ARFCN and RxLev for the serving cell and its neighboring cells, with the
serving cell at the top and the neighbors below it, sorted by signal strength in descending
order.

DEDICATED MODE









S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

CellName :CellsiteDescribesincellfile.
ARFCN:(Allocatedradiofrequencychannel)
BSIC :BaseStationIdentificationcode.
RxLev :ReceivingLevelindBm.

C1&C2 :Cellpathlossparameterandcellreselectionparameter.(Inidlemode).
C31&C32 :GPRSsignalstrengththresholdandGPRScellrankingcriterion.Valid
inbothpacketidleandpacketdedicatedmode.

IDLEMODE












C1: PATHLOSSPARAMETER

RadioCriteriaC1=(AMax(B,0))

A =ReceivedLevelAveragep1
B =p2MaximumRFPoweroftheMobileStation
p1 =rxLevelAccessMin
p2 =msTxPowerMaxCCH

C2: CELLRESELECTIONPARAMETER

C2=C1+cellReselectOffsettemporaryOffsetxH(penaltyTimeT)whenpenaltyTime640
Or
C2=C1cellReselectOffsetwhenpenaltyTime=640
H(x) =1whenx>=0
H(x) =0whenx<0











S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

RADIO PARAMETERS

Gives the status of the radio link (current BCCH, signal strength, FER(Frame Erasure Rate), BER (Bit
Error Rate), SQI (speech quality Index), DTX (Discontinuous Transmission), TA (Timing Advance).















RXLEV :ChannelRxLev(dBm) (120...10dBm)
Measuredsignalstrengthlevelforcurrentchannel.

RXQUAL :VoicequalitymeasuredonBER (0...7)

FER :FrameErasureRate
(Percentageofframesbeingdroppedduetohighnumberofnon
correctedbiterrorsintheframe).

BERActual :(Numberofbiterrors/Numberofbitstransmitted)

SQI :SpeechQualityIndex.
SQIupdatedat0.5sintervals.ComputedonbasisofBERandFER.

MSPowerControlLevel:
Powercontrol(0to8)dependinguponnetworkdesign.
E.g.0meansnopowercontrol,1meanslevelthatisdefinedbyoperator
viz.2dBm

DTX :Discontinuoustransmission(DTX)
Radiotransmitterswitchedoffduringspeechpauses.Itreducesthe
powerconsumptionofthetransmitter&decreasesoverallinterference
levelontheradiochannelsaffectingthecapacityofthenetwork..

TA :TimingAdvance.
Basestationcalculatesfromaccessburstsandsendstothemobilestation
(MS)enablingtheMStoadvancethetimingofitstransmissionstotheBS
soastocompensateforpropagationdelay.
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
CURRENTCHANNEL

Time :Systemtimeofcomputer.

Cellname :Displaysnameofservingsector(fromcellfilethatisloadedinTEMS).

CGI :CellGlobalIdentity
Uniqueforeverysectorofthesite.

CGI=MCC+MNC+LAC+CI.

MCC :MobileCountryCode0999(e.g.404India),
MNC :MobileNetworkCode099(e.g.98)
LAC :LocationAreaCode065535(e.g.5129)
CI :CellIdentity065535(e.g.2723).

CellGPRSSupport:SectorGPRSenableornot.(Yes/No).

Band :Freq.Bandmobileisoperatinge.g.GSM900/1800.

BCCHARFCN :BroadCastChannelAllocatedRadioFrequencyChannel.

TCHARFCN :TrafficChannel(Frequency).

BSIC :(BaseStationIdentityCode)

BSIC=NCC(NetworkColorCode07)+BCC(BaseStationColorCode07)

Timeslot :CurrentTCH.(TimeslotnumberofTRX).

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
ChannelType :CurrentChannelofmobile
E.g.BCCH/SDCCH/8+SACCH/C8orCBCH/TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/F.

ChannelMode:Modeofcoding(e.g.SpeechFullRateorHalfRate).

SpeechCodec :
FR =FullRate,
HR =HalfRate&
EFR =EnhancedFullRate.

CipheringAlgorithm :CipheringalgorithmusedbythesystemSecurity
E.g.CipherbyA5/2.

SubChannelNumber :SDCCHofMSoutof8available.E.g.=2.

HoppingChannel :HoppingavailableornotonparticularSector.(YesorNo)

HoppingFrequencies :Displaysno.offrequenciesallottedforhoping,particularsector.
MA(MobileAllocation)List.

MobileAllocationIndexOffset(MAIO):
NumberwhichtellsfromwhichfrequencyfromgivenMAlistofasector
hoppingistobestarted.
E.g.0Hopingwillstartfromfirstfrequency.

HoppingSequenceNumber(HSN):
HoppingSequenceoffrequencies(fromtheMAList).(063).
0 :CyclicHopping
163 :Randomhoppingsequences.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
SIGNALLINGWINDOW

InsignalingourmainconcernisofLayer3messages

SystemInformation
InformationaboutthenetworkwhichMSneedtocommunicatewiththenetwork.
SysteminformationmessagesarecontinuouslysentontheBCCHandSACCHbythe
BTStoallidle(BCCH)andactive(SACCH)mobilesinacell.

SystemInformation
1.Cellchanneldescription
RACHcontrolparameters

2.Neighborcellsdescription
NCCpermitted
RACHcontrolparameters
Abis.Neighborcellsdescription(extension)
RACHcontrolparameters

Ater.Additionalmultibandinformation
Neighborcellsdescription(otherbands)

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
3.Locationareaidentification
Cellidentity
Controlchanneldescription
Celloptions
Cellselectionparameters
RACHcontrolparameters
SI3restoctets

4.Locationareaidentification
Cellselectionparameters
RACHcontrolparameters
CBCHchanneldescription
CBCHmobileallocation
SI4restoctets

5.Neighborcellsdescription

AbisNeighborcellsdescription(extension)

AterAdditionalmultibandinformation
Neighborcellsdescription(otherbands)

6.Locationareaidentification
Cellidentity
Celloptions
NCCpermitted

7.SI7restoctets

8.SI8restoctets

9.Packetdatainformation

1) SystemInformationType1

InfrequencyhoppingMSneedstoknowwhichfrequencybandtouseandwhich
frequencieswithinthebandtobeuseduringhopping.Thisinformationisprovidedinthecell
channeldescriptioninformationelementsentinsysteminformationtype1.

InformationabouthowtheMSshouldperformtoaccessthesystemisalsoprovided.

CellChannelDescription
MSisinformedaboutfrequenciesthatareusedinthecell.

GSM900:bitmap0formatisusedInformationelementisdividedintotwo
parts:

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
CANO:Cellallocationnumbershowswhichbandisused.
CANO= 0;GM900
CANO= 1;EGSM
CANO= 2;GSM1800.

CAARFCN:Absoluteradiofrequencychannelnumberforall
frequenciesusedinthecell.
A124bitsbitmapisused.Abitsetto1indicatesthatthefrequencywith
thatnumberisusedinthecell.

GSM1800andGSM1900:Severaldifferentformatscanbeused,Information
elementisdividedintotwoparts

FORMATID:Indicatesformatoftheinformationelement.

Secondpartoftheinformationelementrepresentsthefrequencies
throughspecialencodingschemes

RACHControlParameters

2) SystemInformationType2

ListofBCCHfrequenciesusedintheneighboringcells.
TheMSneedsthisinformationbecauseitmustlistentothesysteminformationinthe
neighboringcellsoccasionally.
TheMSalsousesthislistoffrequencieswhenmeasuringthesignalstrengthof
neighboringcells.
TheMSisalsoinformedwhichPLMNNetworkColorCodes(NCC)itmaymonitor.

NeighborCellsDescription:DenotefrequenciesoftheBCCHcarrierstobemonitored
bytheMSsinthecell.

3) SystemInformationType3

TheMSmustknowthecurrentlocationareasidentitybecauseachangeinlocationareameans
thattheMSmustupdatethenetwork.
Inordertocalculateitspaginggroup,theMSneedsspecificparameterscontainedinthecontrol
channeldescription.ThedescriptionalsoinformstheMSaboutperiodicregistrationandit
informsMSifitshouldinformthesystemwhenitisabouttoentertheidlemode.
WhentheMSisinidlemode,itdecidesbyitselfwhichcellstocampon.
InformationneededbytheMSforcellselectionandreselectionisalsobroadcastinsystem
informationtype3.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
4) SystemInformationType4

(CellbroadcastFunction:AllowsbroadcastingshortmessagestoallMSsinoneormorecells).
Insysteminformationtype4,MSsareinformedifthecellbroadcastfunctionisusedinthiscell
andonwhatfrequencytheCBCHisfound.
TheLAI,thecellselectionparameters,theRACHcontrolparametersandrestoctetsalsoincluded
intype4message.

5) SystemInformationType5

WhenMSinbusymode,SACCHisactivated.
Ontheuplink,theMSsendsmeasurementreports,andonthedownlinkthenetworksends
outputpowerandTAfortheMStouse.AlsoMSreceivesinformationaboutthefrequenciesused
asBCCHcarriersinneighboringcellsonSACCH.Signalstrengthofthesefrequenciesare
monitoredandreportedinthemeasurementreportforhandoverpurposes.

Frequenciesintheneighborcellsdescriptiongivenheremaydifferfromthosesentinsystem
informationtype2.

Activemode:MSmeasuresonareducednumberofBCCHfrequenciesinordertoimprovethe
accuracyofthemeasurements.In
Idlemode:MSmeasuresonagreaternumberoffrequenciestoreducethetimerequiredto
establishcontactwiththenetworkafterpoweron.ThistimereductionoccursonlyiftheidleBA
listwasstoredatthepreviouspoweroff.

6) SystemInformationType6

Inactivemode,MSneedstoknowiftheLAIchangesIfLAIchangestheMShastodolocation
updatingwhenthecallisreleased.

IfMSchangesbetweencells(withinthelocationarea)whereRLINKTorDTXconditionsdiffer
thenewcelloptionsmustbereportedtotheMS.

LMNpermittedisalsoincludedinthesysteminformationtype6.

7) SystemInformationType7

Systeminformationtype7isoptionallysentonBCCHextendedifsysteminformationtype4
doesnotcontainallinformationneededforcellreselection.

8) SystemInformationType8

Systeminformationtype8isoptionallysentonBCCHextendedifsysteminformationtype4
doesnotcontainallinformationneededforcellreselection.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
CallAssignment
CallassignmenttakesplacewhenaMobileStationmakesacall(MobileOriginatingCall)or
receivesacall(MobileTerminatingCall).
1) MobileOriginatingCall

MobileOriginatingaCall

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
MobileTerminatingaCall

MobileOriginatingaCall
2) LocationUpdate
TheMSCneedstoknowunderwhichlocationareatheMobileStationcanbereached
andLocationAreaInformationisneededforthepagingmadebytheBTS.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

3) Disconnect
WhentheMobileStationortheNetworkwanttofinishacallforsomereason
a) NetworkInitiated

b) MobileStationInitiated

4) Handovers
Different protocols are for different handover processes, e.g. in synchronized
handover, no timing advance information is needed. This decreases the protocol
so that no physical information needs to be sent.

a) SynchronizedHandover

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
b) NonSynchronizedHandover

c) Handover Failure

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
AnalysisoftheDriveTestData

1. EXPORTLOGFILES:ExporttheLogFilestoandconversionto.tabformat

SelecttheFormatofthefileasMap info Tab-file; as shown in the figure

2) ChangetheSetupSettingsforMapInfoTabfile

SelecttheInformationElementsfromtheavailableInformationElementsinthedesiredTechnology
(GSM)e.g.ARFCNBCCH,RxLevFull,RxLevSub,RxQualFullRxQualSub,SpeechQualityIndex
(SQI)
YoucanalsosavetheSelectedInformationElementssettings(.mexformat).
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
NowselecttheInputfiles(youcanselectmorethenonefilesalltogether)
SelecttheOutputdirectorywhereyouwanttosavetheOutput
NameoftheOutputfilewillbefromPrefixandSuffix

NowStarttheprocedureforexportingtheLogfile

AstheExportisdonesuccessfullytheexportResultswillbedisplayedasshowninthefig

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
3) OpentheMapInfoConvertedLogFilesintoMapInfoTool

CreateThematicMap:
SelectMap>CreateThematicMap
Youcanselectdifferenttypesaccordingtoyourrequirement
E.g.Ranges,BarChart,PieCharts,Graduated,DotDensity,Individual,
Grids.

E.g.ifwehaveselectedRagesinthisExampleforRxLevel
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

E.g.Field:RxLevSub

YoucanmodifytheRages,StyleandLegendsaccordingtoyourrequirement,asshowninthe
figuretheRangesandStylearemodified

CustomizingRangeandStyle

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

RxLevelSUB(definedasRange)

SimilarlyaccordingtotherequirementtheThematicMapcanbedrawn,E.g.forARFCN(BCCH),
wehavetotaketheIndividualValuesnottheRangesaswehavetakenforRxLev

ARFCN(BCCH)(definedasIndividual)
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
REPORTGENERATIONINTEMSINVESTIGATION

Goto
LogFile>ReportGenerator
Orselect

ReportWizardwillgetopen

AddtheLogfilesfromthererespectivelocations
SelecttheOutputdirectory

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
YoucanchangetheReportPropertiesasperyourrequirements,asshowninthefigureforCall
EventsandThresholdValues

SelectFinishforcompletingtheTask

TheStatisticsReportwillbegeneratedintheOutputdirectorydefined
OpentheindexFilefromStatisticsReportDirectoryasshowninthefigure.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

TEMSInvestigationGSM4.1.1
ReportNo___________________
Date 20070406 Time12:56 Preparedby___________________

Logfileinformation
#[Index] Logfiles HW[MS1] HW[MS2] GPS
1 idle8.log T68iR1F YES
2 idle9.log T68iR1F YES
3 mo_mt_sms_1.log T68iR1F YES
4 mo_mt_sms_2.log T68iR1F YES
5 mo_mt_sms_3.log T68iR1F YES
6 ded.log T68iR1F YES
7 ded1.log T68iR1F YES
8 ded2.log T68iR1F YES
9 ded3.log T68iR1F YES
10 ded4.log T68iR1F YES
11 ded5.log T68iR1F YES
12 ded6.log T68iR1F YES
13 ho.log T68iR1F YES
14 ho_1.log T68iR1F YES
15 idle.log T68iR1F YES
16 idle1.log T68iR1F YES
17 idle2.log T68iR1F YES
18 idle3.log T68iR1F YES
19 idle4.log T68iR1F YES
20 idle5.log T68iR1F YES
21 idle6.log T68iR1F YES
22 idle7.log T68iR1F YES
Totalduration:01:08:27.67

ActiveMS
MS1
DC1
MS2
DC2
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

Information
Element
Range
%of
meas.
#[no.
of]
Average
duration
(hh:mm:ss)
#Cell #Log
DTXRateDL >80 9.4 101 00:00:01.94 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14
DTXRateDL >1 20.4 260 00:00:01.59 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
FERActual
(%)
>8 7.7 125 00:00:01.09 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
FERActual
(%)
>4 9.0 140 00:00:01.12 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
FERFull(%) >8 18.7 211 00:00:01.73 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14
FERFull(%) >4 21.2 260 00:00:01.60 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
FERSub(%) >51 1.8 37 00:00:00.86 6,8,9,11
FERSub(%) >1 5.9 131 00:00:00.80 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
MSPower
ControlLevel
>10 0
MSPower
ControlLevel
>20 0
RxLevFull
(dBm)
<95 3.5 47 00:00:01.96 5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,15
RxLevFull
(dBm)
<105 0.1 5 00:00:00.79 9,11
RxQualFull >5 27.6 293 00:00:02.38 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,20,21,22
RxQualFull >2 42.6 401 00:00:02.61
1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,20,
21,22
RxQualSub >5 8.6 211 00:00:01.24 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,19,20,22
RxQualSub >2 19.5 343 00:00:01.52 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,19,20,22
SQI <4 9.9 53 00:00:03.08 6,7,8,9,10,11,12
SQI <16 24.7 84 00:00:04.84 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
TA >50 0
TA >38 0





Thresholds
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
Events

Event #[no.of] Relationship #Cell #Log

BlockedCall 91 3,4,5,6,21
CallAttempt 96 3,4,5,6,8,21
CallSetup 93 3,4,5,8,9,10,12,13,21
DroppedCall 1 6
GPRSAttachFailure 0
GPRSPDPContext
Activation
0
GPRSPDPContext
ActivationFailure
0
GPRSAuthentication
Failure
0
GPRSRoutingArea
Update
0
GPRSRoutingArea
UpdateFailure
0
Handover(Intracell) 28 6,8,9,10,11
Handover 56 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14
HandoverFailure 3 6,9
PingTimeout 0
RASError 0
SessionError 0

AsshownintheaboveStatswecaneasilyfindoutthatwhicharetheLogFileswhereparticular
Evenhadhavehappened.
E.g.
BlockedCall:logfile3,4,5,6and21
DroppedCall:logfile6

WecanreplaytheseLogfilesandcanfindoutthereasonforthesamebystudyingtheRadio
Parametersatthatparticularevent.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
Distributiongraphsofalllogfiles





















S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)























S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)










S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
Additional
SIGNALING

RadioInterfaceProtocolStructure

SIGNALINGLAYER3

Layer3providestheMobileNetworkSignaling(MNS)servicetotheuserapplication.
ItIncludes
Functionstoestablish,maintainandterminatecircuitswitchedconnectionsacrossa
GSMPLMNandothernetworkstowhichthePLMNisconnected.
Supportingfunctionsforsupplementaryservicesandshortmessageservicecontrol.
Functionsformobilitymanagementandradioresourcemanagement.

Protocolcontrolentitiesexistinthethreesublayers:
ConnectionManagement(CM)sublayer
MobilityManagement(MM)sublayer
RadioResourcemanagement(RR)sublayer

TheRRfunctionsresidemainlyintheBSC,althoughsomeRRfunctionsmayresideintheMSC.
IntheBTS,mostoftheRRmessagesarehandledastransparentmessages.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)

Umlayer3,distributionofsignalingfunctions

CONNECTIONMANAGEMENT
CMsublayercontainsfunctionsfor:
CallControlandcallrelatedsupplementaryservicesmanagement(CC).
ShortMessageService(SMS).
NoncallrelatedSupplementaryServicesmanagement(SS).

CallControl
CallControlsignalingproceduresaredescribedas:
Callestablishmentprocedures
Proceduresduringtheactivestate
Callclearing
Miscellaneousprocedures

ShortMessageServiceSupport(SMS):Itcomprisesof
ShortMessageControl(SMC)
ShortMessageControlProtocol(SMCP):Peercontrolfortransfershort
messagesbetweenMSandMSC

SupplementaryServicessupport(SS)
Notrelatedtoaspecificcall.E.g.registrationofcallforwardingonnoreplyorcall
waiting.

MOBILITYMANAGEMENT

Registrationmessages:
IMSIdetachindication
Locationupdatingaccept
Locationupdatingreject
Locationupdatingrequest

Securitymessages:
S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
Authenticationreject
Authenticationrequest
Authenticationresponse
Identityrequest
Identityresponse
TMSIreallocationcommand
TMSIreallocationcomplete

Connectionmanagementmessages:
CMserviceaccept
CMservicereject
CMserviceabort
CMservicerequest
CMreestablishmentrequest
Abort
Miscellaneousmessage:
MMstatus

RADIORESOURCEMANAGEMENT

TheRRsublayerreceivesservicefromlayer2andgivesservicetotheMMsublayer.Inaddition,
RRcommunicatesdirectlywithlayer1forexchangeofinformationrelatedtomeasurement
controlandchannelmanagement.

ThegeneralpurposeoftheRRproceduresistoestablish,maintainandreleaseaRRconnection
betweentheMSandthenetwork.Thisincludeshandoverprocedures,cellselectionatpoweron
andinidlemode,recoveryfromlackofcoverageinidlemodeaswellascellreselectioninbusy
mode.

Channelestablishmentmessages:
Cipheringmessages:
Handovermessages:
Channelreleasemessages:
Pagingmessages:
Systeminformationmessages:
Miscellaneousmessages:

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
SIGNALINGLAYER2

Link Access Procedures on the Dm channel (LAPDm) is the layer 2 protocol used to convey
signalinginformationbetweenlayer3entitiesacrosstheradiointerface,usingtheDmchannel.

Dm channel refers to the control channels. Includes broadcast, common or dedicated control
channels.

LAPDm is a protocol that operates at the data link layer of the OSI structure. Its purpose is to
provide a reliable signaling link. It receives services from the physical layer and provides
servicestolayer3.

LAPDmisbasedontheISDNprotocolLAPD,whichisusedontheAbisinterface.

TwotypesofoperationonthedatalinkaresupportedbyLAPDm.

1. Unacknowledgedoperation
2. Acknowledged(ormultipleframe)operation

UNACKNOWLEDGEDOPERATION
Messages that need not be acknowledged are sent in Unnumbered Information (UI)
frames.Thismeansthatthereisnoflowcontrolorerrorrecoverymechanismdefined.

ACKNOWLEDGED(MULTIPLEFRAME)OPERATION
When an answer or acceptance is required, operation in acknowledged mode is
applied.Acknowledgedmodeisapplicableondedicatedcontrolchannelsonly.

Layer3messagesaresentinnumberedIframes.Inthiscase,anumberofconsecutiveI
frames (a window) can be sent before an acknowledgment is required. However, for
LAPDm the size of the window is one, which means that each frame must be
acknowledgedbeforethenextoneissent.

S H A I L E N D R A G A I R O L A (A D A C E L L W O R K S)

MadeBy:ShailendraGairola/MohitYadav(ADACellworks)
SIGNALINGLAYER1

Thesignalinglayer1,alsocalledthephysicallayer,representsthefunctionsrequiredtotransfer
thebitsoverthephysicalchannels,ontheradiomedium.

Inadditiontosignalinglayer2,layer1interfacesotherfunctionalunits,suchasspeechcoderand
terminaladapters,forthesupportoftrafficchannels.