Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources "Appeal of the Cherokee Nation.

" Appeal of the Cherokee Nation, January 21, 2009, 1. Accessed September 22, 2013. doi:Historical Material. This document was written by the Cherokee Council and was addressed to the United States. The document talks about how Cherokees were being treated unfairly. They also talk about how they should have the right to stay on the land Cherokees have been living on for a very long time. Finally, they ask that every nation should follow the rule of "Do to others as ye would that others should do to you." This document contrasts with both President Jackson's "On Indian Removal" speech and General Scott's address to the Cherokee Nation. Jackson and Scott thought that they were being kind to the Cherokees when they offered the land west of the Mississippi, but the Cherokees thought that they shouldn't have to move when they were living there for many years. This document shows how the two opposing side had different thoughts on their rights. "Birthday Story of Private John G. Burnett, Captain Abraham McClellans Company, 2nd Regiment, 2nd Brigade, Mounted Infantry, Cherokee Indian Removal, 183839." John G. Burnett to Children. December 11, 1890. Accessed October 20, 2013. http://www.cherokee.org/AboutTheNation/History/TrailofTears/JohnBurnettsStor yoftheTrailofTears.aspx. This letter was written by John G Burnett, a soldier in the US Army. According to his letter, Burnett was acquainted with the Cherokees before he was assigned to forcibly relocated them. Burnett talks about witnessing the hardships of the Cherokees and how cruelly they were treated. Because this is a letter written by one person, it is not completely reliable. This letter supports some parts of Henry Clay's "Our Treatment of the Cherokees". Both documents discuss the reluctance of the Cherokees to move and how the rights of the tribes were taken away. This letter contains events in which the Cherokees were treated inhumanely which supports the topic of rights of the Cherokees.

Boudinott, E., ed. "New Echota." Cherokee Pheonix (New Echota), February 4, 1829. This newspaper article is a primary source from the Cherokee's newspaper. In the article, the editor talks about how the Cherokees are not happy with what has been going on and that the Cherokees will not give up their land. He says that they would make legal appeals to the government. This article is similar to the "Appeal of the Cherokee Nation"; both documents discuss how the Cherokee land should be left alone. This newspaper article contributed to the Cherokees viewpoint on the Indian Removal.

"Cherokee Nation Memorial (1830)." American Government. Accessed November 18, 2013. http://americangovernment.abc-clio.com/Search/Results?q=210206. This document is the Cherokee Nation's plea to the US government not to forcefully relocate the tribes. The Cherokees ask for their right to stay on the land that they have lived on for generations. Also, they ask that the past treaties that allowed them rights and the land not to be broken. This document is similar to "Appeal of Cherokee Nation" written by the Cherokee Council. Both documents ask the US government for the right to stay on their homeland. This document relates to the topic of the rights of Cherokee Indians during the Indian Removal Act.

"The Cherokee Nation vs. The State of Georgia." Cherokee Nation vs. The State of Georgia, January 05, 2009, 1. Accessed October 20, 2013. doi:Legal Material. This document is the transcript of the US Supreme Court case of the Cherokee Nation vs. the State of Georgia. The Cherokees argued that the laws set by Georgia took away their basic human rights and that the Cherokees were a foreign nation separate from the US. The US Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokees were a dependent nation of the US and not a sovereign nation, therefore, they had to follow the Georgia laws. In the "Appeal of the Cherokee Nations", the Cherokee Council asks to be treated with kindness and for the right to remain on the land they have been living on for a very long time. In contrast, this document states that the Cherokee nation does not have the power to do anything about the unjust laws set by Georgia. This document shows the two opposing sides and their opinions on what rights and responsibilities the Cherokees should have.

Clay, Henry. "Our Treatment of the Cherokees." Our Treatment of the Cherokees, January 10, 2009, 249. Accessed September 22, 2013. doi:Article. In this document Senator Henry Clay is addressing the concerns of the Cherokees to the US Senate. Clay explains how although some of the Cherokees have moved west of the Mississippi River, most are reluctant to move because it has been their home for generations. He also says that the Cherokees ask that they will be promised peace and possession of their new home west of the Mississippi. This article opposes President Jackson's speech because Clay was against the removal of the Native Americans from their homeland. Jackson saw the emigration of the tribes as new economic opportunities, but Clay thought that they were treating the tribes inhumanely out of greed. This document shows two different point of views from the US government on the rights and responsibilities of Andrew Jackson and the Cherokees.

Evarts, Jeremiah, G.B. Cheever, and C. Francis. The Removal of the Indians: An Article from the American Monthly Magazine: An Examination of an Article in the North American Review: And an Exhibition of the Advancement of the Southern Tribes, in Civilization and Christianity. Pamphlets in American History : Indians. Boston:

Peirce and Williams, 1830. 63. In this article, Jeremiah Evarts included quotes from other documents that supported the idea that the Native Americans were becoming more civilized. He did this to show the advocates of Indian removal that the Native Americans are a lot like the whites and should be given the right to stay on what has been their land for generations. This article is similar to Henry Clay's "Our Treatment of the Cherokees" in that they were written by non-Native Americans that did not support the Indian removal. Both documents supported the Cherokees and tried to persuade those in favor of Indian removal. This article shows the point of view of the non-Native American supporters of the Cherokees which relates to the rights of the Cherokees.

"Indian Removal Act (1830)." Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society, 2006. Accessed October 20, 2013. ABC-CLIO. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 gave President Andrew Jackson the power to negotiate with the Native American tribes in order to move the tribes to land west of the Mississippi River. The act also stated that the tribes would receive aide in the first year of the relocation. This act was passed to make the relocation a peaceful transition for both sides. This document contrasts with Henry Clay's "Our Treatment of the Cherokees". In the Indian Removal Act, it seems as if the whole situation will be handled in peaceful ways. However, that was not the case according to Henry Clay who thought the tribes were being treated inhumanely out of greed. This document show how much the US government wanted the land of the Cherokees and how they were willing to do anything to relocate the tribes, which supports the topic of rights and responsibilities of the Cherokees.

Jackson, Andrew. "On Indian Removal." In Social Policy: Essential Primary Sources, edited by K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, and Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner, 76-78. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Accessed September 22, 2013. World History In Context. In the speech, President Jackson addresses the conflict of the emigration of the Native Americans. He talks about how if the tribes moved to the land west of the Mississippi River then all problems will be solved. He says that the Native Americans will have the opportunity to sell their land and move to the new land to find peace. Jackson tries to make it sound like this is a good thing for both the tribes and the whites, but in reality, all he cares about is the land that the Native Americans were living on. This speech contrasts with the "Appeal of the Cherokee Nation" because Cherokee's appeal talks about how unfair the situation is to the tribes while the US thinks that they deserve the land the Native Americans have been living on for generations. This speech shows the two opposing views on the rights and responsibilities of Andrew Jackson and the Cherokees.

"Letter to President Van Buren." Ralph Waldo Emerson to President Van Buren. April 23, 1838. Accessed November 18, 2013. http://www.rwe.org/comm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&I temid=252. This letter was written by an American author that took interest in the Cherokee Removal. In the letter, Emerson said that he and many other American citizens believe that it is morally wrong for the US government to forcefully relocate the Native American tribes. He also described how the Native Americans are similar to the Americans in many ways. This letter contrasts with the "Indian Removal Act" because in the "Indian Removal Act" the Native Americans were offered a peaceful, compromised solution. However, this letter shows that the Cherokee's rights were ignored. This document shows the opinions of an American citizen on the topic of rights of the Cherokees during the Indian removal.

"Red Clay Cherokee Nation." Jane Bushyhead to Martha. March 10, 1838. Accessed October 20, 2013. http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/active_learning/explorations/indian_removal/bus hyhead.cfm. This letter is written by a girl named Jane Bushyhead to her friend and she discussed what her life has been like as the Cherokees try to be treated fairly. According to the letter, Jane Bushyhead has a difficult life as a Cherokee Indian with her brother dying and their rights being trampled over. Similar to John G Burnett's letter to his children, this source may include unreliable information because Jane Bushyhead was a Cherokee. This letter shows how the lives of the Natives Americans changed as their rights were taken away.

Samuel Worcester. Accessed January 2, 14. http://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionarybiography/w-x-y-z/worcester-samuel-austin-1798-1859/. This photography of Samuel Worcester was used on the "Social Problems" and "Worcester vs. Georgia" page to help reader visual what Samuel Worcester looked like.

Scott, Winfield. "Gen. Winfield Scott's Address to the Cherokee Nation." In A Wilderness Still The Cradle of Nature: Frontier Georgia, by Edward J. Cashin, 137-38. Savannah: Beehive Press, 1994. Accessed September 22, 2013. Galileo. In this document General Winfield Scott is ordering the Cherokees to evacuate their land. Scott refers to his troop as the Cherokee's friend and says that they want to help them. However, he then says that if the Cherokees do not follow their orders there will be violence and war between the two. Scott closes his address by saying the troops

will offer food, care, and peace. This document is similar to Andrew Jackson's speech because Jackson and Scott both say that they are the tribe's friends and that there will be peace if the tribes listen to what they tell them to do. They both forced the Native Americans out of their homeland for the white men's benefit of owning the valuable land. This document shows how unjustly the Native Americans were treated which supports the topic of rights and responsibilities of the Cherokees.

"Worcester v. Georgia." American Government. Accessed November 18, 2013. http://americangovernment.abc-clio.com/Search/Results?q=209982. This document is a transcript of the "Worcester v. Georgia" case brought to the US Supreme Court. During this time period, Georgia passed a law that required nonNative Americans to have a license in order to live on the Cherokee land.Samuel Worcester claimed that the forced removal of him and 6 other people were unconstitutional. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Worcester and said that the state of Georgia had no authority in the Native American affairs. This case can be compared to "Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia". In both cases, the Georgia government was accused of disregarding the rights of those who lived on Cherokee land. This document shows two different views of the rights and responsibilities of the Cherokee Indians.

Secondary Sources "A Brief History of the Trail of Tears." Cherokee Nation. 2013. Accessed January 2, 2014. doi:http://www.cherokee.org/AboutTheNation/History/TrailofTears/ABriefHistor yoftheTrailofTears.aspx. This article published by the Cherokee Nation provides information on the events of the Cherokee removal. It describes the major events that happened during this time. This is similar to the "New Echota" article found in the Cherokee Phoenix because both of these documents were written by the Cherokees and it shows the Cherokee's thoughts. This article related to the topic because it showed the opinion of the Cherokees on their rights and responsibilities.

"Cherokee Indian Cases (1830s)." PBS. December 2006. Accessed December 30, 2013. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/antebellum/landmark_cherokee.html. This article provides information on the two major Supreme Court cases involving the Cherokee Removal. This article shows the main details of each case. This

article can be compared to "Cherokee Nation v. Georgia" and "Worcester v. Georgia" because this article explains the two cases. This article discussed the rights and responsibilities of both the Cherokees and the US government.

John Marshall. Accessed December 30, 2013. http://www.supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/chief-justices/johnmarshall-1801-1835/. John Marshall was the chief justice during the "Cherokee Nation v. Georgia" and "Worcester v. Georgia" cases. This painting of John Marshall was used on the "Cherokee Nation v. Georgia" page to help the readers visualize what he looked like.

Lindneux, Robert. The Trail of Tears. 1942. The Granger Collection, New York. This painting can be used as a visual of what the Trail of Tears may have looked like. This painting shows that the Cherokees rode on horses, wagons, and some even went on foot. This painting is used on the "Home" page to be used as a visualization of what the relocation may have looked like.

Rosen, Jeffrey. "The First Hundred Years." PBS. December 2006. Accessed January 2, 2014. doi:http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/antebellum/history.html. This article discussed President Andrew Jackson's role in the two Supreme Court Cases of "Cherokee Nation v. Georgia" and "Worcester v. Georgia". Since, Jackson was the president at that time, he made a big impact on the Cherokee removal. This document is similar to the "Cherokee Nation Cases (1830s)" because both describe the two major cases of the Cherokee removal. This article shows the rights and responsibilities of President Jackson during the Indian Removal.

We Shall Remain: Trail of Tears. Directed by Chris Eyre. PBS, 2009. DVD. This documentary shows all the events that made up the Indian Removal. It provided information on the Cherokee removal with actors acting out the events. This film was similar to "A Brief History of the Trail of Tears" because it informed the reader about the major events that led to the forced relocation. This documentary provides information on the rights of Cherokees. It also shows the different viewpoints of the events.

Williams, David. "Gold Fever and the Great Intrusion, The Cherokee Nation Abandoned, "Civilized Life" Comes to the Gold Region, The Climatic Year of 1838." In The Georgia Gold Rush: Twenty-niners, Cherokees, and Gold Fever. Columbia, SC:

University of South Carolina Press, 1993. This book discusses the events that occurred during the Georgia gold rush and Cherokee removal. Certain chapters discusses the ways that the Cherokees tried to adapt the European lifestyles in order to get along with their neighbors. This book also shows how the Cherokees and the white Americans interacted. This book is similar to "We Shall Remain: Trail of Tears" because both show the events and relationship between the neighboring nations. This book relates to the topic because it discussed the rights and responsibilities of the Cherokees and the white Americans.