Yogini Barot

Management is the process of optimizing human, material & financial contributions for the achievement of organizational goals.

Men Result achieved

Material

Machine

Money

Management is present every time and every where. Harold Koontz and Heinz Weihrich def: the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims.

Management organization.

is

an

essential

tool

for

any

Purpose of management to formulate effective organizational strategies and to achieve them efficiently Deals with internal and external environment Concerned with all resources Functions include: planning, organizing, directing, controlling

Managerial skills and organizational hierarchy

Top Level

Conceptual skills

Middle Level

Human Skills

Supervisory Level

Technical Skills

To achieve MOST M: O: S: T: Mission Objective Strategies Tactics

Internal Environment:
Organizational structure Finance Marketing Production Human Resource

External Environment:
Social and culture Technical Economical Political Natural

Science : Developed systematically, observation, measurement, experimentation. Management knowledge is developed through observation, measurement and experimentation. Management cannot be equated with exact science like physics, chemistry.

Art :-is understanding how a particular activity can be done. Art -> conscious effort and practice. Management -> continuously analyse environment and formulate plans and strategies. Management have to modify the strategies based on environmental changes.

A profession should satisfy the following:

Body of Knowledge Development & updating the knowledge Professional Journals Professional Associations Code of Conduct Specialised Educational Qualifications

Administration:
Involves policy making, formulation of vision, mission, objectives and strategies Is a function of top management. It decides organizational structure and prepares organizational plans

Management:
Involves executing the plans and strategies and carrying out various activities determined by Administration Directs and controls subordinates Is a function of lower level people in company

According to Peter F. Drucker Administration:

Governance of non-profit organization Measured by efficiency in rendering services

Management:
Governance of business organization Measured by the efficiency in profit making

According to E.F.L. Branch Management is a comprehensive and integrated term. It includes planning, organizing, directing and controlling. It can be classified into two categories: 1. Administrative Management

2.

Represents top level management pertaining thinking and planning function. Performs the function of formulation of vision, mission and strategies

Operative Management
Represents lower level management covering execution and implementation function Performs the function of execution, directing and controlling which involves the contribution of middle level manager and lower level managers

PLANNING:
Involves selecting missions and objectives as well as the actions to achieve them. It is a decision making process Choosing a future course of action from different alternatives. ORGANIZING: It is an establishment of intentional structure of roles for people to fill in an organization The purpose of an organization structure is to help create an environment for human performance It simple means assignment of roles, duties, responsibilities to achieve the goal.

STAFFING:
Involves filling and keeping filled the positions in the organization structure. This is done by identifying the work force requirements, inventorying the people available, recruiting, selecting, placing. It also includes promoting, appraising and planning the careers, training or developing the candidates and current jobholders so that task are accomplished effectively and efficiently.

LEADING:
It means influencing people so that they will contribute to organizational and group goals. It deals with the interpersonal aspect of managing Leading involves motivation, leadership styles, communication and team spirit.

Formal Authority & Status

Interpersonal Roles
1. 2. 3. Figurehead Leader Liaison

Informational Roles
1. 2. 3. Monitor Disseminator Spokesman

Decisional Roles
1. 2. 3. 4. Entrepreneur Disturbance Handler Resource Allocator Negotiator

1. Figurehead Performs ceremonial and symbolic duties such as

greeting visitors, signing legal documents 2. Leader Direct and motivate subordinates, training, counseling, and communicating with subordinates 3.Liason Maintain information links both inside and outside organization; use mail, phone calls, meetings

INFORMATIONAL 1. Monitor Seek and receive information, scan periodicals and reports, maintain personal contacts 2. Disseminator Forward information to other organization members; send memos and reports, make phone calls 3. Spokesperson Transmit information to outsiders through speeches, reports, memos

Entrepreneur
Searches the corporation and its environment for projects to improve product, process, procedure and structure Supervises the design and implementation of projects

Disturbance Handler
Takes corrective actions in times of disturbances or crisis

Resource Allocator
Allocates corporate resources by making and/or approving decisions

Negotiator
Represents the corporation in negotiating important agreements

Questions????