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J anuary 14, 2008
Copyright 2004 Nuovo Pignone S.p.A. Copyright 2006 Nuovo Pignone S.p.A.
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine
Auxiliary System
Overview
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A INTAKE SYSTEM
B EXHAUST SYSTEM
C LUBE AND CONTROL OIL SYSTEM
D FUEL SYSTEM
E COOLING AND SEALING AIR SYSTEM
F BASEPLATE
G STARTING SYSTEM
H AUXILIARY GEAR
I LOAD GEAR
J COUPLING
L ELECTRIC PLANT
M ENCLOSURE
N VENTILATION SYSTEM
P OIL COOLING SYSTEM
Q C CONTROL AND PROTECTION SYSTEM
Auxiliary System Overview
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Intake System
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PROPER FILTRATION LEVEL AGAINST THE ENVIRONMENT
RESPECT OF THE SOUND EMISSIONS LEVELS REQUIRED BY THE LOCAL LAWS
FULFILMENT OF THE CONTRACTUAL POWER AND FUEL CONSUMPTION
REQUIREMENTS
AIR FLOW PATHS PROPER DESIGN THROUGH THE WHOLE AIR PASSAGES
DUCTS
RELIABILITY AND CLEANLINESS OF THE SYSTEM DOWNSTREAM THE FILTER
Intake System Performance Requirements
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HIGH EFFICIENCY STAGE
(BARRIER)
AUXILIARY STAGES
HOOD
CLEAN AIR TO
COMPRESSOR
FILTER
ELBOW
GAS TURBINE
DUCT
PLENUM
SILENCER
AMBIENT AIR
SUPPORTING
STRUCTURE
INTAKE SYSTEM
ARRANGEMENT
STATIC FILTER SYSTEM
ARRANGEMENT
Intake System
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Intake System
Static Filtration System:
INERTIAL SEPARATOR
(First Stage Element for Dry Dusty
and/or Sandy Atmosphere)
Dusty Air
C
l
e
a
n
A
i
r
C
l
e
a
n
A
i
r
Dust
Collection
and Removal
DUST
REMOVAL
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Intake System
STATIC REMOVABLE
FILTER CELLS
(Prefilter, Coalescer or Pad
Type High Effiency Filters)
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PULSE JET SELF
CLEANING FILTER
Intake System
FILTER
CARTRIDGES
FILTER HOUSE
DUCT
CLEAN AIR TO AXIAL
COMPRESSOR
AMBIENT AIR
7 BAR(G)
COMPRESSED
AIR FOR PULSE
PULSE AIR HEADER
Horizontal Arrangement
DUST
to
Ground
DUST
to
Ground
PULSE AIR (7 BARG)
SOLENOID VALVE
INCOMING
DUSTY AIR
DUST
DUST
CARTRIDGE
VENTURI
REVERSE FLOW
INCOMING AIR
OPERATING
PRINCIPLE
INCOMING
DUSTY AIR
FILTER
CARTRIDGES
FILTER HOUSE
DUCT
DUSTY
AMBIENT
AIR
P
U
L
S
E

A
I
R

H
E
A
D
E
R
Vertical Arrangement
(Down-Flow)
DUST
CLEAN AIR TO
AXIAL
COMPRESSOR
To
Ground
7 BAR(G)
COMPRESSED
AIR FOR PULSE
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BAFFLE
FRAME
AIR FLOW
CONNECTING
FLANGE
CONNECTING
FLANGE
INTAKE SILENCER
ARRANGEMENT
Intake System
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HEADER
FILTER HOUSE
CONTROL
RACK
CONTROL
VALVE
AIR FROM COMPRESSOR
ANTI-ICING
SYSTEM
Intake Systems: Anti Icing System
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Lube Oil System
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By the Control Oil System
By Hydraulic Oil System
By the Starting Means Torque Converter
To Lubricate the Accessory Drive Gear
To Lubricate the Turbine and Load Bearings
To Absorb Heat to the Turbine and Load Bearings
Lube Oil is Used:
Lube Oil System
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VPR-2
Main Lube
Oil Filters
Lube Oil
Heat
Exchangers
Emergency
Lube Oil
Pump
Auxiliary
Lube Oil
Pump
Main Lube
Oil Pump
Mist
Eliminator
VR1
Lube Oil Tank
Lube Oil System Main Components
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Main Lube Oil Pump
Auxiliary Gear Driven
Positive Displacement
Screw Pump
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Auxiliary Lube Oil Pump
23QA-1
A.C. Motor Dri ve Centrifugal Pump
Sized for the same service of the Main
Lube Oil Pump
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Emergency Lube Oil Pump
23QE-1
In Air Cooled Lube Oil systems, the Emergency L.O.
Pump by-passes the Heat Exchanger (separate
supply line to the L.O. header is provided)
D.C. Motor Dri ve Centrifugal Pump
Sized for emergency shut-down only.
Gas Turbine running is not allowed
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AC / DC Lube Oil Pumps
D.C. Motor Dri ven
Lube Oil Emergency
Centrifugal Pump
A.C. Motor Dri ven
Lube Oil Auxiliary
Centrifugal Pump
D.C. Motor
Centrifugal Pump
Centrifugal Pump
D.C. Motor
Mounting Plates
Note:
Pumps shown in the picture
are reversed respect the
installation position
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Pressure Relief Valve
VR1 Pressure Relief Valve has the task to
avoid surge in the L.O. pumps supply line
and to regulate the flow coming from the
maail Lube Oil Pump.
Oil is directly discharged in the L.O. tank.
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Mist Eliminator
Mist Eliminator has the task to avoid oil droplets carry
over in the oil vapour stream discharged to the
atmosphere. This permits to recover part of the oil
contained in the oil vapours and to reduce the gas
turbine oil comsumption with cost saving and less
pollution to the environment.
The Mist Eliminator Fan can be
redundant, upon request, and
assure slightly negative pressure in
the lube oil tank, so to increase the
drain capability from the bearing
and the suction of the oil vapours
originated in bearings.
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Lube Oil Cooling
HOT WATER FROM OIL COOLER
B
COLD WATER TO OIL COOLER
WATER-TO-
AIR
COOLER
FRESH AIR
HOT AIR
FROM
COOLER
THERMOSTATIC VALVE
BYPASS
LINE
THERMOSTATIC VALVE COMMAND
OIL TEMPERATURE SENSOR
FRESH OIL TO
BEARINGS HEADER
HOT OIL TO THE COOLER
WATER FROM
EXT. SOURCE
WATER TO
EXT. SOURCE
B
THERMOSTATIC VALVE
P
HOT OIL FROM
THE TANK
AUXILIARY GEAR
TUBE BUNDLE OIL COOLER
TURBINE BASEPLATE AND OIL RESERVOIR
BYPASS
LINE
External Water
to Air Heat
Exchanger for
a closed Oil-
Water-Air
cooling system
Oil to
Water
cooling
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Typical Starting Devices
Diesel Engine
Expansion Turbine
Eletrical Motor
Because of the very high breakway
torque required at the start beginning,
Expansion Turbines cannot be emplloyed
on Sigle Shaft H.D. gas turbines.
Due to the very high torque
required at starting and high power
necessary to accelerate the
complete train, the largest H.D.
Gas Turbines can be equipped
with a Generator provided with the
function of starter, by using a
voltage / frequency converter.
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Eletrical Starting Motor
Torque Converter
Hydraulic Ratchet
Mechanism
Auxiliary
Gear Box
Clutch
Starting System Main Components
Starting Motor / Engine is started at no load. The load is gradually applied to the staring system, by means of the
torque converter, and the gas turbine shaft is so accelerated being driven through the Accessory Gear.
In order to win the initial inertia of the gas turbine rotor the first movement of the shaft is obtained via the Hydraulic
Ratchet, then passed to the torque converter / starting system. The Hidraulic Ratchet operation provides also the
engagement of the Clutch, which will be automatically disconnected during the turbine acceleration, when the
sustaining speed of the gas turbine will exceed the speed of the starting system .
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1 Input shaft with connecting coupling
2 Pump wheel
3 Turbine wheel
4 Fixed stator
5 Gear stage
6 Output shaft
7 Hydrostatic barring device
8 Operating oil supply
9 Operating oil return
Torque Converter
Parallel Shaft type Torque Converter
for High Power Transmission
(single shaft units)
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Torque Converter
OIL NOZZLE
MOTOR
SIDE
OIL
INTAKE
INPUT
SPEED
ACC. GEAR
SIDE
OIL
DISCHARGE
OUTPUT
SPEED
Torque Converter operates as a combined
Hydraulic Pump and Hydraulic Motor.
Co-axial type Torque Converter
for Low Power Transmission
(two shaft units)
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Starting Sequence
TURBINE
BREAKAWA
Y
TORQUE
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
a
TURBINE RESISTANT
TORQUE
STARTING MOTOR
DRIVING TORQUE
SPEED (RPM)
TORQUE
IGNITION SELF SUSTAINING
SPEED
0
TURBINE SELF
SUFFICIENT OPERATION
a Breakaway torque at turbine initial start up (zero speed)
a Starting motor torque at zero speed
b Turbine resistant torque just before ignition
c Starting motor torque just before ignition
d Starting motor torque just after ignition
e Turbine resistant torque just after ignition
f Maximum turbine resistant torque during acceleration
g Turbine zero resistant torque (self sustaining operation initiation)
h Starting motor disengagement and shut-down
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SSS Clutch (Torque Converter / Accessory Gear Connection)
The flange E of the Input Shaft is the side connected to the driven unit and
the flange F of the Output Clutch Ring is connected to the driving system
(starting means / torque converter).
At starting, the friction of the Pawl A with the Ratchet Theet G permits to
the Sliding Component C to move along the Helical Spines theet D which
act as a screw.
The Helical Spines D allow the Sliding Component C to move towads the
flange E of the Input Shaft, so that the Sliding Component C engages the
Clutch Theet B and continues to move along the Helical Spines theet D
until it reaches the collar of the Input Shaft E.
In this situation the F, C and E elements formed a rigid theet coupling and,
therefore, the Input Shaft E runs driven by the shaft connected to the
Output Clutch Ring F.
When the speed of the Input Shaft E exceeds that one of the Output Clutch
Ring F (Gas Turbines accelerates or starting sistem trips) the Helical
Spines D theets apply a reverse screw action to the Sliding Component C
which moves backward till it reaches the opposite position with
engagement of the Pawl A with the Ratchet Theet G.
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M
C
U
1
U
3
T
M STARTING MOTOR
C TORQUE CONVERTER
T GAS TURBINE COLD END
U(n) AUXILIARY DEVICES
U
2
U
4
Accessory Gear Box Assembly
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Accessory Gear Box Assembly
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Hydraulic Oil System
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Hydraulic Oil System
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Auxiliary Hydraulic
Suppl y Pump
Hydraulic Oil System
Main Hydraulic
Suppl y Pump
Hydraulic
Suppl y Filters
Hydraulic Oil
Accumulators
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Mechanical Overspeed (Optional on new G.T.)
Overspeed Trip
Mechanism and
Manual Trip Lever
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Control Oil (Trip Oil) System (Optional on new G.T.)
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SRV and GCV Arrangement
SRV
GCV
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Cooling and Sealing Air System
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Cooling and Sealing Air System
Main Components
Exhaust Frame
Blowers
Compressor
Bleed Valves
Compressor
Bleed
Solenoid
Valves
Compressor
Discharge
Pressure
Trasmitter
Ai r
Filter
MS 7001 / 9001 only
No. 2 Brg. for MS 5001 / 6001
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Compressor Bleed (Antisurge)
Bleed Valve
(Antisurge)
Valve Pneumatic
Actuator
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Compressor Bleed (Antisurge)
t
o
t
h
e

A
t
m
o
s
p
h
e
r
e
f
r
o
m

A
x
i
a
l

C
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
o
r

i
n
t
e
r
m
e
d
i
a
t
e

s
t
a
g
e
From axial compressor
discharge casing
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OIL TANK
BREATHER
SEALING AIR LUBE OIL INLET
TURBINE SHAFT
BEARING
SEAL
BEARING SUPPORT
DISCHARGE PIPING
LUBE OIL
DISCHARGE
TO ATMOSPHERE
Sealing Air Operating Principle
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Compressor Washing System
WATER
TANK
WASHING HEADER AND
SPRAY NOZZLES
PUMP
AIR INLET
DETERGENT
TANK
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Water Washing Manifold
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Load Gear Box
GENERATOR
TURBINE
LOAD GEAR
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Exhaust System
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Exhaust System Performance Requirements
COMPLIANCE WITH THE CONTRACTUAL PRESSURE DROPS AND RELEVANT
PERFORMANCES
COMPLIANCE WITH THE CONTRACTUAL NOISE EMISSIONS LEVELS
RESPECT OF THE PERSONNEL PROTECTION RULES
UNIFORM EXHAUST GASES FLOWS AND VELOCITIES DISTRIBUTIONS
STRESS FREE BEHAVIOUR UNDER START-UP AND SHUT-DOWN TRANSIENTS
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EXHAUST SYSTEM VERTICAL ARRANGEMENT
Exhaust System
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EXHAUST GASES STREAM
COLD
HOT
DIVERTER BLADE
EXHAUST GASES
TO BYPASS STACK
EXHAUST
GASES
FROM GAS
TURBINE
HRSG
EXHAUST
SYSTEM
ACCESSORIES
Exhaust System