PAINTING ERS (ENGINEERING RESEARCH SCHOOL)

1.

What is the Swedish standard o s!r a"e #re#aration and how does it di er ro$ %S &'(') SIS 05 5900 is the Swedish standard of surface preparation. It is a pictorial representation.

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State the Swedish *rade o +,ast ",eanin* and "o$#are the$ to %S &'('.

SIS 05 5900 Sa 3 White Metal. Sa 2 " ## $ear White Metal %&er! thorou'h (lastin') Sa 2 *horou'h (lastin' Sa + ,i'ht Blastin'

BS 4232 First ualit! Second ualit! *hird ualit! $-.

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Identi - three a+rasi.es !sed in +,ast ",eanin* and state their !se/ ad.anta*es and disad.anta*es. /hilled iron 'rit0 crushed sla'0 cera1ic 'rits. /hilled iron 'rit2 34cellent all purpose a(rasi5e0 due to its relati5el! hi'h densit! which 'i5es hi'h particle ener'!0 1aintains sharp cuttin' ed'es on the 'rit. /an (e reused causes ro'ue pea6s if directed at a particular place for a 7uiet lon' ti1e. /rushed sla'2 Fro1 a 1etallur'ical process it is cheap - e4penda(le a(rasi5e. uiet effecti5e 'rit for one use onl!. $o recla1ation due to their rapid (rea6 down to dust. $o reuse. 3.'. copper sla'0 alu1iniu1. /era1ic 'rits2 34pensi5e 'rit. 8etains their sharp cuttin' ed'es. /an (e used on hard (ase 1aterials. 9sed at lower pressure on thin 1etal and on stainless steel0 non#ferrous 1aterials as the! are inert and do not stain or discolours.

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What do s!r a"e #ro i,e and a$#,it!de $ean) *he shape of a cross sectional (last finish is 6nown as surface profile. *he si:e of profile as 1easured fro1 the pea6s to the trou'hs is 6nown as the a1plitude or pea6 to trou'h hei'ht.
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What is the $a1i$!$ a$#,it!de on %GC #aintin* "ontra"t) =5 1icrons. %Ma4) 30 1icrons %1in)

2.

Can sand +e !sed as an a+rasi.e in +,ast ",eanin* o#eration) $o.

3.

How are the Swedish standards o wire +r!shin* de ined) St2 Wire (rushin' (! 1anual 1eans0 thorou'h scrappin' and wire (rushin'. St3 &er! thorou'h scrappin' and wire (rushin' (! 1achine (rushin'.

4.

5es"ri+e the two +,astin* te"hni6!es that !se water. Slurr! (lastin' and wet (lastin'.

7.

What is a $i"ron and how $an- are there in one tho!) Micron is a 1easure1ent of fil1 thic6ness. >ne thou ? +-+000 of an inch. 25.4 1icrons ? one thou0 40 thou ? + 11.

18.

How thi"9 are i$#eria, and $etri" .a,!es o a #,asti" +a"9in* o teste1) I1perial ? 50 1icrons Metric ? 0.2 1il

11.

What disad.anta*es is asso"iated with wire +r!shin*) /are 1ust (e ta6en to a5oid o5er (rushin' a particular area causin' @Burnishin'A a condition with a polished surface that has an ad5erse effect on coatin' adhesion. &er! la(orious and e4pensi5e.

1'.

What is :ason;s ha$$er) Where "o!,d it +e !sed/ what restri"tions are asso"iated with its !se) $eedle 'un is BasonCs ha11er. $eedle 'uns are used for cleanin' difficult surfaces such as ri5et heads and welds. *he! lea5e sharp ed'e craters and ro'ue pea6s0 and the! ha5e a tendenc! to push i1purities into the surface.
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E1#,ain the ootner #ro"ess and se6!en"e o o#eration. ;hosphatin' footner or duple4 process2 this techni7ue in5ol5es a final treat1ent in a one to two percent phosphoric acid solution held at <0 c for one to two 1inutes. *his lea5es a thin a rust inhi(iti5e phosphate coatin' on the steel surface to which the coatin' shall (e prefera(l! applied while it is still war10 possi(l! after a final wash. How does the ,a$e ",eanin* #ro"ess wor9 and what #re"a!tions are ne"essari it is !sed or %GC) /leanin' of the surface (! passin' a hi'h 5elocit! o4!acet!lene fla1e o5er the surface to (e cleaned. *he process re1o5es 1uch of the 1ill scale and rust0 (ut lea5es a dust on the surface0 which has to (e re1o5ed (! wire (rushin'.

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10.

What is $i,, s"a,e and is it $ore or ,ess no+,e than stee,) Millscale is an o4ide of iron produced when the steel is 1anufactured. It is a result of hot steel co1in' into contact with air and for1in' o4ides co1posed of three la!ers0 Fe>0 Fe2>4 and Fe2>3. Mill scale is no(le than steel.

12.

What is a ro*!e #ea9) What #ro+,e$ "an it "a!se) 8o'ue pea6s are pea6s0 which stand out a(o5e the re7uired profile. *he! lead to spot or flash rustin'.

13.

I a s!r a"e is desi*nated %sa ' </ what does it $ean) 8ust 'rade B0 (last clean to Sa 2 ".

14.

5es"ri+e the two $ethods o $eas!rin* the a$#,it!de. Surface profile needle 'au'e2 8elies on the needle touchin' the (otto1 of the trou'hs on the surface profile. *a6e 20 readin's and calculate the a5era'e of a1plitude. *este4 tape2 +. Dero the 1icro1eter ensurin' flat contact point and clean tip of it. 2. 8e1o5e the paper (ac6in' fro1 the teste4 tape and stic6 the teste4 tape to the surface to (e 1easured. 3. 8u( the teste4 into the trou'hs usin' a (lunt instru1ent0 until the pea6s can (e seen (uttin' up to the transparent plastic. 4. 8e1o5e the teste4 tape fro1 the surface and 1easure the o5erall thic6ness with dial 1icro1eter. 5. Eeduct 50 1icrons for the plastic (ac6in' fro1 the readin' to o(tain a1plitude.
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17.

Gi.e i.e essentia, re6!ire$ents or a+rasi.e +,astin* at site. +. 2. 3. 4. 5. 8e1o5es surface conta1ination. It 'i5es a surface profile. 3cono1ical and efficient wa!. Better results than other cleanin'. 8elati5el! safe.

'8.

5es"ri+e the a"tion and #!r#ose o dead $an;s hand,e. Eead1anCs handle is used for direct operator control0 to stop of the flow of a(rasi5e when the operator lets 'o of the no::le.

'1.

Where sho!,d air #ress!re or +,astin* +e deter$ined and how is it done) *he pressure at the no::le 1a! (e 1easured usin' the h!poder1ic needle 'au'e. *his is placed throu'h the hose near to the no::le with the hole in the needle facin' the no::le at 45.

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Identi - two +,astin* no==,es +- sha#e. State ad.anta*e o ea"h. Strai'ht (ore no::le concentrates 1ost of the a(rasi5e in the central area of the (last pattern0 frin'e area of lower (lastin' si:e. For s1all or repair areas and softer 1etals. &enturi shaped no::le produces a lar'e (last pattern with the whole area recei5in' relati5el! e7ual a1ount of a(rasi5e. Fi5es an e5en (last pattern area o5er a relati5el! lar'e area.

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5es"ri+e a test or dete"tin* $i,, s"a,e on a +,ast ",ean s!r a"e. .n acidic solution of copper solution when applied to a (last clean surface will react (! turnin' to (ri'ht colour on clean sheet (ut will turn to (lac6 colour if 1ill scale is present.

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Whi"h %GC "ode o #ra"ti"e re,ates to +,ast ",eanin* at site) BS =0=9.

'0.

What is a #o,-$er and where do the- o""!r)

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;ol!1er produced (! the 'rowth of suita(le sta(le 1olecules called 1ono1ers. Mono1ers0 the! occur in s!nthetic resin0 pol!urethane. '2. What is #o,-$eri=ation and how it is +ro!*ht a+o!t) ;ol!1ers produced (! the 'rowth of suita(le sta(le 1olecules called 1ono1ers. *he process (! these 1ono1ers are Goined to'ether is called cross#lin6in' and the result as in the hardenin' of dr!in' oil t!pe of paint. '3. What are "on.erti+,e and non>"on.erti+,e "oatin*s) /on5erti(le coatin's are those that under'o a che1ical chan'e durin' the dr!in' process that cannot (e re5ersed e.'. al6!d epo4!. $on#con5erti(le coatin's are those0 which after the! ha5e dried 1a! (e restored to the ori'inal li7uid for1 (! the application of sol5ent. 3.'. $itro cellulose and chlorinated ru((er0 ther1oplastic resins. '4. What are the +asi" "o$#onents o #aint) ;aint consists of (inders or resins in which pi'1ent or colourin' 1atter is suspended. 9suall! the (inder is diluted (! the addition of a sol5ent. '7. What are the "hara"teristi"s o ?.I.O and its ad.anta*es) M.I.> Micaceous iron o4ide2 It decreases the per1ea(ilit! of the fil1. ;rotects the su(strate fro1 the en5iron1ent. Interferes with the corrosion reactions %inhi(itors). (8. What is the !n"tion o +inder and #i*$ent "ontent) Binder consists of oil or resins or (lend of oils and resins. ItCs essential is the fil1 for1ation0 the a(ilit! to chan'e fro1 li7uid fil1 which flows to a 1ore or less hard plastic fil1. ;i'1ent is used for colour or to 1odif! the ph!sical properties of (inder resins. *o pro5ide rust inhi(itin' properties. *o protect the fil1 fro1 the effects of ultra5iolet li'ht and weather. *o add (od!. (1. Na$e ei*ht +inders. +. 2. 3. 4. ('. $atural dr!in' oils >leo resinous oils /on5erti(le (inder $on#con5erti(le (inder ,inseed oil0 tun' oil .l6!ds0 resins &in!l0 nitro cellulose0 chlorinated ru((er. 3po4!0 urethane0 pol!ester.
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What is the !n"tion o so,.ent and its $ain #ro#erties)

Sol5ents are 5olatile or'anic li7uids used in paints to reduce the 5iscosit! or consistenc! of the 1aterial and to facilitate the application of a unifor1 coatin'. ((. Na$e i.e so,.ents and their asso"iate +inders. +. 2. 3. 4. 5. I. (&. Water Water (ased paints0 e1ulsions M.I.B.H &in!l M.3.H 3po4ies. .cetone 3po4! *urpentine - white spirit .l6!ds *oluene - 4!lene /hlorinated ru((er.

E1#,ain T.L.@/ ?.A.C/ P.P.? *.,.& *hreshold li1it 5alue M.../ Ma4i1u1 allowa(le concentration ;.;.M ;arts per 1illion

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How is to1i"it- o a so,.ent $eas!red) *ri *ector can 1easure to4icit!.

(2.

5e ine the three t-#es o dr-in* $e"hanis$. 35aporation2 *his in5ol5es the e5aporation of a sol5ent fro1 the 5ehicle0 lea5in' (ehind a fil1 of solid 1aterial. /he1ical reaction2 ;ol!1eri:ation 1olecular 'rowth (! cross#lin6a'e of the resins. >4idation2 *his in5ol5es the con5ersion of the constituents of the 5ehicle to the solid state (! che1ical chan'es in5ol5in' 1ainl! o4idation (! reaction with at1ospheric o4!'en.

(3.

How do "h,orinated r!++er/ e#o1- and a,9-d #aint dries) B! che1ical reaction and sol5ent e5aporation.

(4.

What is $eant +- #ot ,i e and how does it di er ro$ the ind!"tion #eriod) ;ot life is the ti1e li1it within which the 1i4ed co1ponents can (e used e.'. fi5e 1inutes at 20c. Induction period is the ti1e of 1i4 to the application ti1e.
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(7.

What are #,asti"iers and what are the- !sed or/ *i.e e.*.;s) ;lasticiers are usuall! li7uids and 1ust ha5e a 1ini1u1 tendenc! to 5olati:e so that the! will re1ain in the fil1. 3.'. ca1phor0 castor oil0 chlorinated wa4es.

&8.

What are dr-ers and wh- the- $i*ht +e added to oi, +ased #aints) Er!in' a'ent %Siccati5e) is added to an o4idati5e paint to speed up the dr!in' process. Siccati5e increases the capacit! of the (inder to a(sor( o4!'en.

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What is the or$!,a or densit-) Eensit! ? Mass - &olu1e. %9nits '1s - cu(ic centi1etre) What is "athodi" dis+ond$ent and !nder what "onditions does it o""!r) If the i1pressed current is 'reater than the corrosion current then the cathodic dis(ondin' 1a! result. *his effect happens when e4cessi5e /; current is sufficientl! stron' to (e'in to 'enerate 'ases at the 1etal surface (! a process of electrol!sis of 1oisture on the surface. *he 'as 'enerated pushes the coatin' fro1 the surface and causes adhesion failure (eneath the ed'es of the coatin'. E1#,ain re,ati.e h!$idit- and dew #oint. 8elati5e hu1idit! is defined as the a1ount of 1oisture %water 5apour) in air co1pared with the 1a4i1u1 possi(le in air. It is e4pressed as a percenta'e. Eew point is defined as the te1perature at which condensation occurs.

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Na$e i.e $ethods o #aint a##,i"ations. +. 2. 3. 4. 5. I. Brush application 8oller application Eip coatin' %electrostatic techni7ue) 3lectrostatic spra! application /on5entional spra! application .irless spra! application

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State the ad.anta*es o air,ess s#ra- o.er "on.entiona, s#ra+. .irless spra! applies 1ost t!pes of paint 1uch faster than an! other 1anuall! operated 1ethod of paint application. 2. .s the paint is not under pressure the pu1p can operate fro1 the 1anufacturerCs can. 3. Because no air is used0 there is no o5er spra!. 4. . unifor1 thic6 coat is produced0 reducin' the nu1(er of coats re7uired. 5. . 5er! wet coat is applied0 ensurin' 'ood adhesion and flow out.
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I. Most paints can (e spra!ed with 5er! little thinnin'. =. $o thinna'es on the spra! pattern 1eans no o5erlappin' in each stro6e with wide for1 pattern. *his 1a6es airless spra! 1uch faster than con5entional spra!. <. Because of the e5en spra! pattern and cleana'e0 cuttin' at an'les can (e achie5ed. 9. *he sin'le hose connection to the 'un 1a6es it easier to handle.

1. PAINT

1.

What is #aint) ;aint is a fil1#for1 in fluid that is spread in thin coats to decorate and or protect a surface.

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What does #aint "ontain) ;aint consists of (inders0 resins0 pi'1ents and e4tenders.

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What are the i$#ortant #ro#erties o #aint) +. 2. 3. 4. ;ro5ides adhesion to the surface (ein' painted. /olour retention and sta(ilit!. Floss ;er1ea(ilit!
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5. Mechanical properties Jardness0 resistance to a(rasion or e4pansion and contraction due to te1perature chan'es. &. What in ,!en"es the $e"hani"a, #ro#erties o a #aint i,$) $ature of su(strate and a coatin' with ideal characteristics. 0. What is a +inder and what does it do) Binder consists of oils or resins or a (lend of oils and resins. Its essential function is fil1 for1ation. *he a(ilit! to chan'e fro1 a li7uid fil1 that flows to 1ore or less hard plastic fil1. 2. 3. What are $odern +inders $ade ro$) Manufactured fro1 s!nthetic or resins. What is "ross>,in9in*/ Ae1#,ain +etter in e#o1- "oatin* s#e"i i"ation;) ;ol!1er is produced (! the 'rowth of suita(le sta(le 1olecules called 1ono1ers. *he process (! which these 1ono1ers are Goined to'ether is called cross#lin6in' and the result is as in the hardenin' of the dr!in' oil t!pe of paint. Na$e the o!r *ro!#s o +inders. +. $atural dr!in' oils 2. >leo resinous oils 3. /on5erti(le 4. $on#con5erti(le What are #i*$ents) # # # # ,inseed oil0 tu' oil. .l6!d &in!l0 nitro cellulose 3po4ies0 urethane0 pol!ester.

4.

7.

;i'1ents are s1all particles that are solu(le in the paint sol5ents that 1a! (e used for colour or to 1odif! the ph!sical properties of (inder resins. 18. Na$e the two *ro!#s o #i*$ents. >r'anic pi'1ent In or'anic pi'1ent 11. # # Indian !ellow. *itaniu1 di o4ide.

Wh- is #i*$ent added to #aint) *o pro5ide colour0 hide the surface0 protect the fil1 fro1 9& li'ht and weather0 decrease the per1ea(ilit! of fil10 rust#inhi(itin' properties add (od!.

1'.

What is ?.I.O. and what are its ad.anta*es)

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M.I.>. Micaceous iron o4ide decreases the per1ea(ilit! of fil1. ;rotects fro1 9& li'ht and fro1 the en5iron1ent. 1(. What are e1tenders) 34tenders are added to paints to add thic6ness e.'. chal6s0 china cla!0 and talc. 1&. What are anti s9innin* a*ents and what do the- do) . dr!in' a'ent is added to an o4idati5e paint to speed up the dr!in' process. 3.'. co1pounds of lead0 co(alt. 10. Na$e the two *ro!#s o #aints. +. $on con5erti(le coatin's0 e.'. nitrocellulose0 ther1o plastic resin 2. /on5erti(le coatin's0 e.'. al6!ds0 epo4! resin. 12. Na$e three wa-s a #aint s-ste$ "an dr-. E1#,ain ea"h $ethod. +. 35aporation of sol5ent fro1 the 5ehicle lea5in' (ehind a fil1 of solid 1aterial. 2. >4idation in5ol5es con5ersion of the constituents of the 5ehicle to the solid state (! che1ical chan'es in5ol5in' 1ainl! o4idation (! reaction with at1ospheric o4!'en. 3. /he1ical reaction pol!1eri:ation. Molecular 'rowth (! cross#lin6a'e. 13. E1#,ain "on.erti+,e and non>"on.erti+,e "oatin*s. /on5erti(le coatin's under'o a che1ical chan'e durin' the process that cannot (e re5ersed. $on#con5erti(le coatin's are those that can (e restored to their ori'inal li7uid for1 after the! ha5e dried. 14. Na$e two hea.->d!t- "oatin*s and what are their disad.anta*es) /oal tar0 asphaltic (itu1en. .pplied at ele5ated te1peratures 2I0c0 fu1es fire ha:ardous. 17. What are #,asti" "oatin*s and how are the- a##,ied) 9se of plastics for corrosion resistant coatin'. +. Eippin' the preheated o(Gect into either a li7uid plastic or a powder of plastic particles. 2. Spra!in' powder particles on to the heated o(Gect or throu'h fla1e onto the
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o(Gect. 3. B! e4trusion. '8. What is the disad.anta*e o #,asti" "oatin*s) ;oor (ondin' to the su(strate. Stresses induced (! the heatin' - coolin' c!cle. '1. What are se, adhesi.e ta#es) ;&/ or pol!eth!lene (ac6in' with a ru((er (ase adhesi5e wrappin' tapes. ''. What is #o,-eth-,ene "oatin*) Sinterin' a powder directl! to the pipe0 in 1uch the sa1e wa! as an epo4! powder. Jot e4trusion on to an adhesi5e or 1astic. '(. Wh- is "on"rete "oatin* !sed) It acts as (allast and ensures that the pipeline will ha5e ne'ati5e (uo!anc! e5en when e1pt!. '&. What is anti o!,in*) *o pre5ent 'rowth of 1arine or'anis1s. '0. What are #owder "oatin*s) 9se of ther1o plastic powders. '2. What are the re6!ire$ents or #ri$in* #aints) *o secure 'ood wettin' of the su(strate and pro5ide adhesion to the su(strate for the entire s!ste1. *o control corrosion of steels %(! inhi(ition). What are so,.ents) Sol5ents are 5olatile or'anic li7uids used in paints to reduce 5iscosit! or consistenc! of the 1aterial and to facilitate the application of unifor1 coatin'. '4. What are the i$#ortant eat!res o so,.ents) 8ate of e5aporation if too slow leads to runs or sa's0 if too fast it leads to dr! spra! and poor fil1. Flash point Fire ha:ard. *o4icit! Jealth ha:ard.
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'3.

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What is the ?.A.C o "o$$on so,.ents *i.e .a,!es) M.../ Ma4i1u1 allowa(le content li1itin' 5alue for the e4posure. K!lene *oluene Ben:ene .cetone M.I.3.H /ar(on tetrachloride # # # # # # 200 pp1 200 pp1 +00 pp1 +000 pp1 +00 pp1 +0 pp1.

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What are the Positi.e eat!res +. 34cellent e4terior dura(ilit! Ne*ati.e eat!res +. ;oor che1ical and sol5ent 8esistance. 2. Fair water resistance. 3. ;oor heat resistance. +. ,i1ited heat resistance. 2. ;oor sol5ent resistant. 3. Blast cleaned surface re7uired +. ;oor 'loss0 to e4terior e4posure. 2. Eifficult to o5ercoat. 3. Mista6es possi(le in 1i4in' and application.

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2. Food fle4i(ilit!0 recoata(ilit! 3. 34cellent adhesion to 1oist surface and easier to appl!. +. Fast dr!in'. 2. Food che1ical and water resistant. 3. Food e4terior dura(ilit!. +. 34cellent che1ical and sol5ent resistant. 2. 34cellent adhesion. 3. Food hi'h (uild capa(ilities0 and 'ood lon' ter1 perfor1ance.

/hlorinated ru((er.

3po4!

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Na$e o!r t-#es o so,.ents. +. 2. 3. 4. J!dro car(ons .lcohol Hetones 3sters *urpentine0 (en:ene0 white spra! Meth!l0 3th!l0 isoprop!l Meth!l0 eth!l#6etone %M3H) Meth!l acetate0 a1!l acetate.

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What are #,asti"iers)

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;lasticisers are usuall! li7uid and 1ust ha5e a 1ini1u1 tendenc! to 5olati:e so that the! will re1ain in the fil1 e.'. ca1phor. ((. List so,.ents and asso"iated #aints. Water # Water (ased paints *oluene - K!lene # /hlorinated ru((er .cetone # 3po4ies M.I.B.H # &in!l M.3.H # 3po4ies In #aint $an! a"t!re e1#,ain #re $i1in*. Binder0 sol5ent and dilutants are pu1ped in correct 7uantities throu'h a centrall! controlled pipe s!ste1 into 1easurin' and 1i4in' 5ats0 where 1easure 7uantities of pi'1ent and possi(le e4tenders are added. (0. What is dis#ersion) *he raw 1aterials 1i4ed into a (atch are dispersed (! 1eans of a dissol5er0 consistin' of a shaft with a rotatin' seriated disc. (2. Paint *rindin*) Na$e t-#es o $i,, and e1#,ain. ;earl or sand 1ill2 *he paint is pu1ped into the sand filled 1ill fro1 (elow in a 5ertical 1ill or fro1 one end in a hori:ontal 1ill. *he paint is pu1ped under pressure throu'h a nu1(er of rotatin' discs0 which creates stron' a(rasion effects and can cause 5er! fine dispersion in the short ti1e of its tra5el throu'h the 1ill. ;aint collected at the top of the 1ill at a rate upto +000 litres. 8oller 1ill2 *his unit consists of adGusta(le steel rollers0 rotatin' a'ainst each other so that the paint is su(Gected to pressure and shear forces0 which decrease the con'lo1erate si:e. *he paint is re1o5ed fro1 the final roller in the row (! a scraper (lade or 6nife. Ball 1ill2 *his consists of a rotatin' dru10 part filled with steel or porcelain (alls of a(out 2 3 c1s. Eia. *he 1ill is filled with the paint until the (alls are co5ered and the dru1 is set in 1otion0 the pi'1ent con'lo1erates are 'round down due to the a(rasion (etween the (alls. *he rotation speed is slow0 'enerall! less than one re5olution per second and the pi'1ent si:e is controlled (! the period of ti1e the 1ill is operated. (3. E1#,ain ina, +at"h $i1in*. .fter 'rindin'0 the paint is pu1ped to final (atchin' where 1ore (inder and or thinner are added while stirrin' in order to o(tain the correct deli5er! 5iscosit!.
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*intin' colour adGust1ent and 7ualit! control adGust1ents 1a! (e perfor1ed0 prior to loadin' the 1aterials into the deli5er! containers. (4. 5raw the di erent s9et"hes or .ario!s $i,,s.

(. BCALITD CONTROL TESTING PAINT

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What is s#e"i i" *ra.it-) Specific 'ra5it! is called relati5e densit!. 8atio of densit! of 1aterial and the densit! of water %co1parison). SF ? Eensit! of 4 Eensit! of water. It is a ratio. $o units.

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How is testin* or s#e"i i" *ra.it- "arried o!t) Na$e the e6!i#$ent. 37uip1ent na1e2 Wei'ht per 'allon cup. +. 2. 3. 4. 5. I. =. Wei'h the cup and lid e1pt!. Fill the cup with the paint. .llow the paint to stand for two 1inutes. 34cess paint re1o5ed. /lean e4ternal surface of the cup. Wei'h the cup lid L paint. I + ? Specific 'ra5it!.

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What is the t-#i"a, s#e"i i" *ra.it- o #aint) + to +.=5

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What is .is"osit-. &iscosit! is the internal resistance to flow possessed (! a li7uid.

0.

How is .is"osit- "a,"!,ated) B! Ford Flow /up $o.4 +. War1 the cup. 2. /o5er the hole at the (otto1 of the cup with fin'er and fill the paint. 3. 8e1o5e e4cess paint. 4. Start the stopwatch while si1ultaneousl! re1o5in' the fin'er fro1 the hole. 5. >(ser5e the ti1e ta6en for the flow of paint to start to (rea6 into droplets. I. *i1e ta6en in seconds is the 5iscosit! 5alue.

2.

What is the "a,"!,ation or .o,!$e o so,ids) &olu1e of solids ? E.F.* 4 +00%

;a'e +5 of <5

W.F.* 3. What is !sed to ind wet i,$ thi"9ness (W.E.T) how is it !sed) Wet co1( 'au'e2 It is pushed fir1l! into the wet paint so that the outer 1ost teeth 1a6es contact with the su(strate. Jeld at ri'ht an'les to the surface. Fau'e is re1o5ed and the teeth are e4a1ined. W.F.*. lies (etween the last tooth i.e. coated and the first tooth that is uncoated. Midpoint (etween this is W.F.*. 4. What is !sed to ind dr- i,$ thi"9ness (5.E.T) how is it !sed) Banana 'au'e 1a'netic pull of 'au'e2 +. /ali(rate the instru1ent on steel surface profile0 which 1atches with the profile of the painted surface (ein' 1easured. 2. 9sin' shi1 of 6nown thic6ness0 cali(rate the instru1ent in the ran'e e4pected 1easured thic6ness will lie. 7. What are the thi"9ness o the shi$s !sed and identi - +- its "o,o!r) 25 1icrons 5+ 1icrons +2= 1icrons 254 1icrons 50< 1icrons 18. purple dar6 (lue (rown white !ellow

How is thi"9ness $eas!red on ?.I.O and wh-) Metallic paintin' (! W.F.*. B! 6nowin' the W.F.*. and con5ersion usin' the for1ula W.F.*. ? +00 4 E.F.* &s %

11.

E1#,ain the "ross "!t test $ethod. ;ressure sensiti5e tape0 sharp 6nife0 and ru((er eraser. $o. of cuts shall (e si4 or ele5en. Surface is clean and dr!. 40#11 lon' space0 cut + 11 apart if carr!in' ++cuts0 two 11 apart for si4 cuts. /ut throu'h the fil1 in stead! 1otion. 8epeat the process in the opposite plane to 'i5e + 11 or 2 11. Inspect the cut to esta(lish that the surface has (een penetrated. ;lace the tape o5er the 'rid and s1ooth it (! fin'er0 then ru( with eraser. 8e1o5e the tape after 90 seconds. .fter 1a6in'
;a'e +I of <5

se5eral cuts e4a1ine the cuttin' ed'e and discard if Ga''ed or if tearin' of the paint fil1. 1'. What are a""e#ta+,e res!,ts o "ross "!t ta#es) 5B2 *he ed'es of the cuts are co1pletel! s1ooth0 none of the s7uares of the lattice is detached. 4B2 S1all fla6es of the coatin' are detached at intersections less than fi5e percent of the area is affected. 3B2 S1all fla6es of the coatin' are detached alon' the ed'es and at intersections of cuts. *he area affected is fi5e to fifteen percent of the lattice. 2B2 *he coatin' has fla6ed alon' the ed'es and on parts of the s7uares. *he area affected is fifteen to thirt! fi5e percent of the lattice. +B2 *he coatin' has fla6ed alon' the ed'es of the cuts in lar'e ri((ons and whole s7uares ha5e detached. .rea affected is thirt! fi5e to si4t! percent of the lattice. 0B2 Fla6in' and detach1ent worse than 'rade +B. 1(. E1#,ain the F "!t test. ;ressure sensiti5e tape0 sharp 6nife0 ru((er eraser are the 1aterials re7uired to carr! out the test. Surface should (e clean and dr!. Ma6e two cuts in the coatin' each appro4i1atel! 40 11 that intersects near the 1iddle with an an'le of 30. Inspect the cut to esta(lish that the surface has (een penetrated. 9sin' a piece of tape =5#110 place the centre of the tape at the intersection of the cuts0 s1ooth the tape (! fin'er and then ru( fir1l! with eraser. Brush the area li'htl! with soft (rush0 re1o5e the tape after appro4i1ate 90 seconds (! ta6in' one end and rapidl!. 34a1ine the cuttin' ed'e of tool for si'ns wear and replace when needed. Inspect the cut area and rate the adhesion. 1&. What are the a""e#ta+,e res!,ts o F > "!t tests) 5.2 $o peelin' or re1o5al. 4.2 *race peelin' or re1o5al alon' incisions. 3.2 Ba''ed0 re1o5ed alon' 1ost of incisions upto +.I 11 on either side. 2.2 Ba''ed0 re1o5ed alon' 1ost of incisions upto 3.2 11 on either side. +.2 8e1o5al fro1 1ost of the area of K under the tape. 0.2 8e1o5al (e!ond the area of K. 10. E1#,ain #!,, o test. . doll! 1ade of alu1iniu1 allo! is stuc6 on to the coatin' s!ste1 under e5aluation usin' araldite adhesi5e. .fter the adhesi5e has cured0 the doll! is re1o5ed (! direct pull#of usin' a special tool and the force re7uired is 1easured.
;a'e += of <5

12.

E1#,ain ,ash #oint and how this is o+tained) Flash point of a 1aterial is the lowest te1perature at which the 5apours 'i5en of will i'nite when a fla1e or spar6 is passed o5er it. Flash point is o(tained (! the use of .(el cup. Fill the test cup with the paint and place it in the water (ath0 which is heated to the re7uired te1perature. ,i'ht the i'nition de5ice when the paint has reached the re7uired te1perature. /arr! out fla1e test. 8aise the te1perature (! 0.5c and repeat i'nition0 in steps of 0.5 c raise until the flash point is reached. 8ead the ther1o1eter readin' of the te1perature accuratel!.

13.

What is re,ati.e h!$idit-) It is the a1ount of water 5apour in the air e4pressed as a percenta'e and it is o(tained (! a calculation 1ade fro1 the dr! (ul( and dew point te1peratures.

14.

What are a""e#ta+,e a##,i"ation "onditions or +,astin* and #aintin*) ;aint should (e applied onl! to the surfaces that are thorou'hl! dr! and under such conditions of hu1idit! and te1perature0 as it will pro1ote e5aporation0 rather than condensation. >ther factors to (e aware are stron' hard sunli'ht0 stron' winds which could cause too rapid e5aporation of sol5ents and the paint fil1 (ein' i1pre'nated with dirt etc.0 B'as Specification +. *he air or 1etal te1perature is atleast 3c a(o5e the dew point te1perature. 2. *he relati5e hu1idit! is less than 90M. 3. *he te1peratures for the applications are within the 1anufacturer reco11endations.

17.

What is dew #oint) Eew point is the te1perature at which condensation of water 5apour in the air would for1 on the surface.

'8.

What e6!i#$ent is !sed to ind h!$idit- and dew #oint) E1#,ain its !se. 9sin' whirlin' h!'ro1eter0 +. /hec6 the fa(ric of the wet (ul( is clean0 wet and secure at (oth the ends. container should (e full of clean water. 2. Whirl the h!'ro1eter at a(out three re5olutions per second for one 1inute. 3. 8ead (oth the ther1o1eters0 notin' the wet (ul( first. 4. Whirl a'ain for another 1inute. 8ead te1perature a'ain. 8epeat until constant te1perature readin' are o(tained.
;a'e +< of <5

5. 8ecords wet and dr! (ul( te1perature. I. /alculate relati5e hu1idit!0 dew point usin' chart. '1. How is s!r a"e #ro i,e $eas!red) Model +23 # surface profile 'au'e is a 7uic60 direct readin' and eas! to use instru1ent. *he 'au'e is first set to :ero (! le5elin' the foot and the pointer on a flat surface. When the foot is su(se7uentl! pressed a'ainst a (lasted profile0 the foot will rest upon the pea6s and the pointer will penetrate the 5alle!s. *he dial will show readin'. *a6e ten such readin's and ta6e the a5era'e of it. ''. What is %S 3837) ;reparation of steel su(strates (efore application of paints and related products. '(. What is the $a1i$!$ ti$e +etween +,astin* and #aintin*) Four hours. '&. What s#e"i i"ation is !sed to de ine this ti$e) BS 5493. '0. Na$e the o!r internationa, standards or +,ast ",eanin*. +. SS;/ # Steel Structures ;aintin' /ouncil. 2. $./3 # $ational .ssociation >f /orrosion 3n'ineers 3. SIS # 05#5900 # Swedish standard # pictorial surface preparation standard for paintin' steel structures. 4. BS =0=9 # British Standard Specification. '2. List +,ast ",eaned s!r a"e i.e. *i.e "o$#arison o +,astin* *rades to the a+o.e standards. Co$#arison o +,astin* *rades. SSPC White 1etal %S;5) $ear white 1etal %S;+0) /o11ercial finish %S;I) %S #3837/ SIS > 80>0788 Sa 3 Sa 2.5 Sa 2 %S &'(' de#re"iated First 7ualit! Second 7ualit! *hird 7ualit! NACE Frade + Frade 2 Frade 3
;a'e +9 of <5

,i'ht (last and (rush Sa + off %S;=)

$-.

'3.

E1#,ain the test or so,!+,e iron. *est paper # soa6in' of filter paper in a freshl! prepared 5M solution of potassiu1 ferric!anide in water and allowin' the paper to dr!. When pressed a'ainst a wet steel surface it will show a (lue colour whene5er solu(le iron salts has (een dissol5ed (! water.

'4.

E1#,ain test or so,!+,e s!,#hates. Filter paper soa6ed in a (ariu1 chloride deh!drates IM wet solution and dried. *he dr! paper is then pressed a'ainst the test surface (ac6ed (! a second paper soa6ed in saturated potassiu1 per1an'anate0 conta1ination is a(sor(ed and held in the (ariu1 sulphate lattice0 i1partin' a pin6 colour to those parts of the paper which contacted sulphates.

'7.

E1#,ain the so,!+,e "h,orides. Filter paper wetted with sil5er nitrate 2M wet solution and then pressed a'ainst the steel surface for a(out twent! seconds. It is then peeled off and thorou'hl! washed in chloride free water. I11ersion photo'raphic de5eloper can detect an! sil5er chloride for1ed re1ains in the paper. /hloride sites shows (rown # (lac6 areas.

(8.

E1#,ain test or $i,, s"a,e. .n acidic solution of copper solution when applied to a (last cleaned surface will react (! turnin' to a (ri'ht copper solution on clean steel0 (ut will turn to a (lac6 colour if 1ill scale is present.

(1.

E1#,ain the test or oi, "onta$ination. Shinnin' on ultra5iolet li'ht source on the surface causin' the oil to fluorescence. ;ourin' sol5ent across the surface0 the sol5ent should for1 a continuous flow and not (rea6 into droplets.

('.

E1#,ain the test or d!st. 9se of strip of clear cello#tape 25#11 wide strip. ;ress the tape onto the surface li'htl! ru( o5er the tape with fin'er0 then snatch the tape off. .n! loose dust will stic6 to the tape and will show up clearl! when the tape is put onto white paper.
;a'e 20 of <5

((.

E1#,ain "are o +,asted s!r a"e. Surface prepared for coatin' should not (e allowed to deteriorate or the conta1inated in an!wa! (etween 'rit (lastin' and spra!in'. Blasted surfaces should ne5er (e handled or touched unless hands are protected with clean 'lo5es.

&. SCREACE PREPARATION

1.

What is !sed to dete"t #inho,es in #aint) E/ &olta'e # wet spon'e %low 5olta'e) test (! holida! detector.

'.

What is ta"9in*) /oatin' has partiall! set onl!N surface is not wet (ut has a stic6! feel0 li6e tape0 due to e4cessi5e thinner0 insufficient dr!in' ti1e0 low te1perature.

(.

What #ro+,e$s res!,t ro$ #oor $i1in* o #aint) ;oor opacit!0 slow dr!in'0 poor 'loss.

&.

What t-#e o stirrer is !sed when $i1in* +- hand) ;roperl! 1ade stirrer should (e used which is lon' enou'h to reach the (otto1 of the container and with a (road0 chisel li6e ed'e and a co1forta(le handle.
;a'e 2+ of <5

0.

What #er"enta*e o thinner is nor$a,,- re6!ired) *en percent.

2.

What is the res!,t o o.er thinnin*) *hin coatin' will result in poor dura(ilit! and a lower resistance to corrosion.

3.

What is ind!"tion #eriod) In 1ulti pac6 paints0 it is the ti1e of the 1i4 to the application ti1e.

4.

What is #ot ,i e) *he pot life is the ti1e li1it within which the 1i4ed co1ponent can (e used. 3.'. fi5e 1inutes at 20c.

7.

What "ondition shows when #aint is stored or ,on* #eriods or in #oor areas) >n a'in' paint 1a! tend to thic6en or 'o out of condition. ;aint tends to settle durin' stora'e and after prolon'ed period.

18.

What is dr-in* ti$e) Er!in' ti1e is the period when0 +. Sol5ent is e5aporatin' fro1 the fil1 2. /urin' (! o4idation or when che1ical reaction is ta6in' place.

11.

What is dr-in* ti$e a e"ted +-) a. *e1perature (. ;aint fil1 thic6ness. c. &entilation %concentration of sol5ents i11ediatel! a(o5e the surface)

1'.

What do $an! a"t!rers data sheets 6!ote or dr-in* ti$e) To!"h dr-G When the fil1 is no lon'er tac6!. Hard dr-G When the fil1 is sufficientl! hard to per1it 1easure1ent of E.F.*. E!,, "!reG When 1a4i1u1 che1ical resistance has (een (uilt up within the coatin'.
;a'e 22 of <5

1(.

What data wo!,d -o! re6!ire ro$ $an! a"t!rer #rior to #aint a##,i"ation) ;aint 1anufacturers should 7uote the te1perature at which the dr!in' ti1es are applica(le e.'. 20c.

1&.

What i$#ro.e$ent to a #aint s!r a"e wo!,d +,ast ",eanin* ha.e o.er other $ethods) Better surface preparation i1pro5es the perfor1ance of an! coatin'.

10.

What is the !nda$enta, #rin"i#,e o +,ast ",eanin*) It is the re1o5al of rust0 1illscale0 or other surface conta1inant (! proGectin' a hi'hl! concentrated strea1 of relati5el! s1all a(rasi5e particles at hi'h 5elocit! a'ainst the surface to (e cleaned.

12.

What t-#e o a+rasi.es "an +e !sed) /hilled iron 'rit0 crushed sla'Os0 cera1ic 'rits.

13.

The de*ree o s!r a"e ro!*hness is re,ated to what) *he de'ree of surface rou'hness and the rate of cleanin' depend pri1aril! on the characteristics of the a(rasi5e 'rit used.

14.

What a+rasi.es are "o$$on,- !sed) /rushed wall nut shells0 'lass and crushed sla's0 5arious 1etallic shots and 'rits.

17.

Wh- is sand and ,int not to +e !sed or +,ast ",eanin*) Eue to health ha:ard # for1ation of silicosis.

'8.

Na$e t-#es o s!r a"e ",eanin* other than +,astin*. +. 2. 3. 4. 5. I. =. Water (lastin' Manual cleanin' Fla1e cleanin' $eedle 'unnin' Weatherin' .cid pic6lin' Ee'reasin'.
;a'e 23 of <5

0. ?ETHO5S OE PAINT APPLICATION

1.

What #oints ha.e to +e "onsidered when +r!sh #aintin*) ;aint application has a si'nificant effect on the life of a paint s!ste1. B! e1plo!in' s6illed painters0 appl!in' paints under properl! controlled conditions0 and onl! suita(le a1(ient conditions outside.
;a'e 24 of <5

'.

What $ethod o #aint a##,i"ation is #er or$ed or #ri$er and wh-) Brush paintin' is said to ha5e achie5ed superior wettin' and is the onl! accepta(le wa! to appl! so1e anti corrosi5e pri1ers. Brush 1ar6s leads to areas of low fil1 (uild. 8u((in' action of a (rush can (e an additional aid to 'et 'ood adhesion.

(.

What are the ad.anta*es and dis>ad.anta*es o ro,,er a##,i"ation)

.E&.$*.F3S +. Mo(ilit! and low e7uip1ent cost. 2. /leaner than spra! 'un. 3. Faster than (rush.

EIS.E&.$*.F3S +. $ot suited for irre'ular surfaces. 2. *hin une5en coats with 1isses - pinholes. 3. ;oor penetration0 not suited for all t!pes of paints.

&.

When is di# "oatin* !sed) >(Gects coated (! dippin' are usuall! part of a con5e!or (elt s!ste1 in which stowin' is also in5ol5ed in order to pre5ent 1ore drips.

0.

Na$e $ethods o #owder "oatin*. +. Fluid (ed0 electrostatic techni7ue. 2. 3lectrostatic spra!.

2.

E1#,ain e,e"trostati" s#ra- with ad.anta*es and disad.anta*es.

.E&.$*.F3S +. $o o5er spra!. 2. &er! clean to use. 3. Freat sa5in' in paint

EIS.E&.$*.F3S +. $ot suita(le for water thinned paints or hea5il! pi'1ented 1etallic coatin'. 2. 37uip1ent is costl! and not easil! 1aneu5ered.

3.

What t-#es o s#ra- #!$#s are !sed) +. .ir 1otors 2. 3lectricall! dri5en h!draulic pu1p.

4.

E1#,ain "on.entiona, s#ra-in* with ad.anta*es and disad.anta*es.

;a'e 25 of <5

*his in5ol5es usin' co1pressed air to (oth ato1i:ed paint and to con5e! it to the su(strate. .E&.$*.F3S EIS.E&.$*.F3S +. Ji'hl! 7ualit! finish. +. ;aint fo' and loss of 1aterial. 2. 35en fil1 thic6ness. 2. Ji'h e7uip1ent cost. 3. 3as! adGust1ent. 3. $ot alwa!s suited for outdoor wor6. 4. .pplies water (orne silicates. 4. 9nsuita(le for hi'h (uild and hi'h 5iscosit! paints. 5. ;oor penetration0 ris6 of o5er spra!. 7. E1#,ain air,ess s#ra-in* with ad.anta*es and disad.anta*es.

.E&.$*.F3S +. &er! hi'h wor6 rate. 2. Food auto1ation with little or no paint fo'. 3. ;ole 'un for aw6ward places. 4. >nl! reall! suita(le 1ethod for the application of hi'h (uilds. 5. Food penetrator. 18.

EIS.E&.$*.F3S +. Ji'h e7uip1ent cost. 2. Eepends on power source. 3. ,ess 1o(ile than (rush - roller. 4. 8is6 of dr! spra!. 5. .dGust1ents onl! (! chan'in' the no::le.

What are ,!id ti#s and what do the- "ontro,) 8eadil! chan'ea(le part of the 'un and are fitted (! the retainin' nut. +. /ontrols the width of the spra! pattern (! 5ar!in' the an'le of the tip. 2. /ontrols the 7uantit! of paint passin' throu'h.

11.

Wh- is a re.ersi+,e head !sed) *o sa5e re1o5in'0 cleanin' and replacin' the tip each ti1e to clear the (loc6a'e (! s1all particles of dust.

1'.

1(.

What t-#e o ,!id ,ine hoses are !sed and wh-) Speciall! desi'ned hi'h pressure0 sol5ent resistant0 s1all (ore hoses0 reinforced with wire 1esh0 fitted with thread connection0 swi5el fitted (etween hose and the 'un allowin' free 1o5e1ent. %For re1ote location application) E1#,ain the ad.anta*es o air,ess s#ra- o.er "on.entiona, s#ra-. +. .irless spra! applies 1ost t!pes of paint 1uch faster than an! other 1anuall! operated 1ethod of paint applied.
;a'e 2I of <5

2. .s the paint is not under pressure0 the pu1p can operate fro1 the 1anufacturerOs can. 3. $o air is used. $o o5er spra!. 4. . unifor1 thic6 coat is produced0 reducin' the nu1(er of coats. 5. . 5er! wet coat is applied ensurin' 'ood adhesion and flow out. I. Most paints can (e spra!ed with 5er! little thinnin'. =. Faster than con5entional spra!. <. 35en spra! pattern0 clean ed'e0 cuttin' at an'les can (e achie5ed. 9. Sin'le hose0 easier to handle.

;a'e 2= of <5

2. INSPECTION/ STAN5AR5S AN5 SPECIEICATION.

1.

What $aHor a"tor deter$ines the s!""ess o a "oatin*) a. (. c. d. e. 3n5iron1ent in which it is placed. *e1perature0 the coatin' has to endure. Eirect i1pact0 1echanical da1a'e0 wear or erosion. /he1icals. Ser5ice conditions.

'.

Wh- are en.iron$enta, tests "arried o!t d!rin* a #roHe"t) a. 34tre1es of weather can (e detri1ental to the coatin' process. (. Moisture on the surface pre5ents fil1 for1ation or reduces the 7ualit! of coatin' adhesion. c. Ji'h te1perature 1a! cause rapid e5aporation of sol5ents or create a la!er of coatin' at the su(strate interface0 which has not (een a(le to flow. d. ,ow te1perature 1a! reduce sol5ent e5aporation rate or interfere with the cure c!cle of the coatin'.

(.

E1#,ain how en.iron$enta, testin* is "arried o!t) a. Measure the a1(ient te1perature %air) and su(strate te1perature. (. 8elati5e hu1idit! and dew point (! the use of whirlin' h!'ro1eter. c. Surface te1perature # 1a'netic dial t!pe.

&.

When sha,, "oatin* +e not a##,ied) a. Eurin' rain0 snow or hi'h wind. (. When the air or 1etal te1perature is down to within 3 c of the dew point te1perature. c. When the air or 1etal te1perature is (elow 5 c. %accordin' to the paint 1anufacture). d. When the relati5e hu1idit! 8J is a(o5e 90M. e. Su(strate is wet.

0.

E1#,ain how wet i,$ thi"9ness *a!*es are !sed) *he wet fil1 'au'e should (e placed in the coatin' fil1 at a an'le 90 to the Surface. *eeth are e4a1ined after i11ersion in the wet coatin's on their surface Measures less than the W.F.*.0 while those with no coatin' 1easures 1ore than
;a'e 2< of <5

W.F.*. Mid of the 5alues shall (e ta6en. 2. What is %S 3837) ;reparation of steel su(strates (efore application of paints and related products. 3. What is r!st *rade 5) Jea5il! corroded and pitted steel. 4. What is the written e6!i.a,ent o Sa ' 1I') Second 7ualit! to BS 4232. 7. How is s!r a"e te$#erat!re $eas!red) B! 1a'netic surface te1perature 'au'e. 18. How a""!rate are $a*neti" 5.E.T. *a!*es) L - # +0M. 11. What are the ad.anta*es o e,e"troni" 5.E.T. *a!*e) 3lectronic 'au'es can (e 5er! 'ood when the! are properl! cali(rated. .ccurac! is 5er! precise. /apa(le of storin' 1an! 1easure1ents0 1a6in' statistical anal!sis and printin' the results on a co1puter pointer. 1'. What .o,ta*e is !sed or a wet s#on*e ho,ida- dete"tor) >peratin' at 5olta'es (elow +00 5olts. %nor1all! at I=.5 5olts) 1(. What standard des"ri+es the !se o ho,ida- dete"tor) $./3 standard 8; # 0+ # <<. 1&. What is teste1) How is it !sed and what are their ,i$itations) *este4 tape ;ress # o # fil1 is a replica tape co1posed of an inco1pressi(le M!lar (ac6in' of 6nown thic6ness %2 1ils) coated with a co1pressi(le fil1. ;eel off one piece of tape0 re1o5e the (ac6in' tape and stic6 the tape on the (last cleaned surface. 8u( the top surface of the tape %i.e. on the 1iddle of the stic6! section) with a (lunt tool such as eraser head of a pencil0 until the tape has pic6ed up an
;a'e 29 of <5

i1pression of the (last#cleaned surface. Set the dial tape 1icro1eter to the :ero 1ar6. ;ut the tape into the Gaws of the dial tape 1icro1eter. Be sure it is placed on the tape window onl!. Measure the readin'0 su(tract two 1ils fro1 the readin'. It 'i5es the surface profile. If anchor profile is less than 0.< 1ils or 'reater than 4.5 1ils teste4 tape will not 'i5e a worthwhile 1easure1ent. 10. When are hi*h .o,ta*e ho,ida- dete"tors are !sed and at what .o,ta*e) Jolida!s in 5irtuall! an! thic6ness0 +000 5olts # 200000 5olts. 12. What is %S &488) Schedules of paint colours for (uildin' purposes. 13. What is 0&7() /ode of practice for protecti5e coatin' of iron and steel structures. 14. What is %S (788) Method of test for paints. 17. What is %S 0308) IS> 9000 series # ualit! s!ste1. '8. What is an ins#e"torJs #ri$e "on"ern) Monitorin' 7ualit! on a coatin' proGect. '1. Wh- are .er+a, "o$$!ni"ations i$#ortant) $eed to co11unicate effecti5el!. *a6e an o(Gecti5e 5iew of interpersonal s6ills. ''. Wh- are written "o$$!ni"ations i$#ortant) Writer is aware who will read the docu1ent0 what is needed0 to pass on the re7uired infor1ation0 descri(e the acti5ities etc.0 '(. As an ins#e"tor wo!,d -o! +e e1#e"ted to s!#er.ise) $o. '&. As an ins#e"tor what do -o! "onsider as -o!r $ain res#onsi+i,ities)
;a'e 30 of <5

a. (. c. d. e. f. '0.

*o ensure co1pliance to the specification. *o assess the 7ualit! of the wor6. *o ensure safe wor6in' 1ethods are adopted. *o report the deficienc!-an! de5iation fro1 the set standards. *o prepare inspection reports. *o ensure adherence to 'ood wor6 practices.

5o -o! "onsider a *ood re,ationshi# with the ",ient to +e i$#ortant) Pes. Food wor6in' relationship helps to resol5e pro(le1s0 to arri5e at an a1ica(le solution.

'2.

What a"tors deter$ine the ,e.e, o ins#e"tion) *!pe of protection treat1ent0 re7uire1ents of the coatin'0 its end use0 cost of inspection0 7ualit! of super5ision to (e e4pected of the coatin' applicator.

'3.

What wo!,d -o! a #aintin* s#e"i i"ation "ontain) a. (. c. d. e. It should outline a procedure. Jow 1an! 1easure1ents are to (e ta6en0 ti1e inter5al when it is to (e doneQ Which instru1ent to use. What would (e the inspection authorit! and responsi(ilit!Q Fuideline for co1pletion and su(1ission of inspection reports.

'4.

What wo!,d a #re Ho+ "on eren"e #ro.ide) a. /ontri(ute an understandin' of the inspection criteria0 which are specified0 the tools and 1ethods that will (e used. (. 3nsure that e5er! class of the specification is understood. c. Ji'hli'ht potential pro(le1s. d. *o record the purpose of the 1eetin'.

'7.

What sa et- "he"9s wo!,d an ins#e"tor "arr- o!t #rior to +,ast ",eanin*) a. (. c. d. e. f. '. Wor6 per1it o(tained. .reas are cordoned of %restriction to entr!). 3arthin' is done. Eispla! of caution (oards. .n o(ser5er to watch the operation. 9se of ;;30 o5erall0 (rid'in' apparatus0 shoes and ear defenders. .ir inlet without an! conta1ination.
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h. 37uip1ents are chec6ed for their perfor1ance. i. 9nauthori:ed entr! restricted. (8. What "he"9s wo!,d an ins#e"tor "arr- o!t #rior to #aintin*) a. (. c. d. e. f. (1. /hec6 the 1as6in' of sensiti5e areas of site0 electronic co1ponents0 plates etc.0 3nsure e4istin' coaters are protected fro1 o5er spra!. /hec6 conta1inant screens. 3nsure that the ha:ard warnin' si'ns are in place. /hec6 the e7uip1ent. /hec6 the en5iron1ent conditions.

What s!r a"e #re#aration "he"9s do -o! "onsider to +e $ost i$#ortant) a. &isuall! e4a1ine the su(strate prior to (last cleanin' or power tool cleanin' to ensure there is no inherent defects or detri1ental conta1ination such as 1ud0 oil0 or construction de(ris. (. /hec6 (last#cleanin' air to ensure it is free of oil and water. c. /hec6 that the oil and water traps are functionin' and e1pt! of water. d. >(ser5e the surface preparation loo6in' for unusual surface conditions-colouration. e. &isuall! chec6 the a(rasi5e (ein' used. f. Measure anchor profile atleast once for each hour of (last cleanin'. '. Surface cleanliness # does it 1eet the standard. h. Surface profile pattern. i. 9n(lasted areas. G. Ma6e scotch tape test to ensure dust has (een re1o5ed.

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3. HEALTH AN5 SAEETD.

1.

What do"!$ents state hea,th and sa et- at wor9) Jealth and safet! wor6 act +9=4 %J.SW.).

'.

What -ear was the hea,th and sa et- a"t #assed) +9=4.

(.

What is an ins#e"torJs irst d!t- to a""ess) .ccess the ris6.

&.

How ,on* wo!,d re"ords o #ersona, e1#osed +e 9e#t) *hirt! !ears.

0.

What is E.P.A) 3n5iron1ental protection act.

2.

What is @.O.C) &olatile or'anic co1pounds.

;a'e 33 of <5

3.

What is the @.O.C. re*!,ation on the $a1i$!$ ,e.e, o #o!nds #er *a,,on) 4.5 pounds per 'allon.

4.

How wo!,d str!"t!res "oated +- ,ead +ased #aints +e +,ast ",eaned) Blast cleanin' in an enclosed en5iron1ent.

7.

Na$e so$e hea.- $eta,s !sed in "oatin* and #aintin*. 8ed lead0 :inc chro1ate0 chro1e lead.

18.

Is #ersona, #rote"tion e6!i#$ent i$#ortant (PPE)) Pes. It is a 1ust for safe wor6in'.

11.

What t-#es o i,ters are !sed or +reathin* a##arat!s) /harcoal filters.

1'.

How wo!,d -o! re$o.e or red!"e ris9) a. /easin' to use the process0 which uses the ha:ardous 1aterial0 or (! su(stitutin' an alternate 1aterial. (. ;ro5ide sufficient 5entilation in the area to reduce the ha:ard to non#ha:ard. c. 3nclose the area co1pletel!. d. 8estrict access to the area. e. ;ro5ide protecti5e clothin'0 (reathin' e7uip1ent0 ppe.

1(. 1&. 10. 12. 13.

What t-#e o #rote"ti.e ",othin* is re6!ired) ,on' slee5e co5er#all0 full leather protecti5e suitin' for the (last#cleanin' operator. What is to1i"it-) 8is6 of e4plosion in an enclosed en5iron1ent. What is L.E.L) ,ower e4posure le5el. What is P.P.?) ;arts per 1illion. What is !sed or *as testin* > ,ist e6!i#$ent.
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a. (. c. d. 14.

34plosi5e 1eter. Era''er 1eter. *ria tector. >4!'en 1eter.

When $!st a #aint "ontra"tor re*ister with the E.P.A) When appl!in' 1ore than twent! tons of paint or fi5e tons of sol5ent.

17.

Paintin* "ontra"tors are $onitored to ens!re what) J!drocar(ons sol5ent e1ission rates are less than 50 1' of car(on per cu(ic 1etre coatin's0 250 1' per litre of sol5ent.

'8.

What is a wor9 #er$it and wh- it is re6!ired) Wor6 docu1entation s!ste1 that 1ust (e followed (efore wor6 is perfor1ed in a ha:ardous en5iron1ent. 8e7uire1ents for entr! to confined spaces. 8estriction on access0 e7uip1ent and wor6in' 1ethod.

4. CATHO5IC PROTECTION.

1.

What is "orrosion) /orrosion is an electroche1ical process. /orrosion is the deca! or deterioration of the surface due to interaction with the en5iron1ent.

'.

What a"tors "an #re.ent "orrosion) a. Material selection. (. ;rotecti5e coatin'. c. /athodic protection.

(.

Na$e se.en t-#es o "orrosion. a. (. c. d. e. Surface corrosion. ;ittin' corrosion. Stress corrosion crac6in'. Frettin' corrosion. /re5ice corrosion.
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f. /orrosion in acid or al6aline en5iron1ent. '. Bacterial corrosion. &. What a"tors in ,!en"e "orrosion) a. (. c. d. e. f. 0. *e1perature. Ju1idit!. Surface condition of the 1etal. *i1e. 3ffect of stress. .t1ospheric pollution.

How wi,, "oatin* he,# to #re.ent "orrosion) a. ;re5ents or restricts contact (etween the en5iron1ent and the su(strate. (. 8eleases su(stances %inhi(itors) which repel attac6 (! the en5iron1ent. c. ;roduces an electric current0 which protects the su(strate.

2.

What is "athodi" #rote"tion) /athodic protection is the process of reducin' or eli1inatin' corrosion (! alterin' the flow of electric current in such a wa! that anodes (eco1e cathode.

3.

Na$e two t-#es o "athodi" #rote"tion s-ste$. a. Sacrificial anode s!ste1. (. I1pressed current s!ste1.

4.

List $eta,s in the no+,e order. a. Fold. c. /opper e. ,ead '. Iron i. .lu1iniu1 (. Sil5er d. J!dro'en f. $ic6el h. Dinc G. Ma'nesiu1

7.

List anodes nor$a,,- !sed or a. ;ipelines in the 'round (. ;ipelines under the sea. c. Fi4ed sea structures # Ma'nesiu1. # Dinc. # Dinc or .lu1iniu1.
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18.

E1#,ain stra- "!rrent e e"ts. >ther 1etal structures near to the 'round (ed 1a! cause /; current to flow in an unpredicta(le fashion. Interferin' structures to (e connected to electric resistor.

11.

E1#,ain "athodi" dis+ondin*. If the i1pressed current is 'reater than the corrosion current the! are stron' enou'h to 'enerate 'ases at the 1etal surface (! electrol!sis of 1oisture on the surface. *he 'as 'enerated pushes the coatin' fro1 the surface and causes adhesion failure (eneath the ed'e of the coatin'.

1'.

What in or$ation "an +e *athered !sin* s!r.e- te"hni6!es) a. (. c. d. Measure1ent of soil resisti5it!. Measure1ent of corrosion potential. ;earson sur5e! %for location of holida!s in coatin') Interference sur5e!.

1(.

What is $i,, s"a,e) Is it $ore no+,e than stee,) Mill scale is a thin (lac60 fla6! la!er of o4idi:ed iron for1ed on the steel durin' its 1anufacture. Mill scale is 1ore no(le than steel.

1&.

What is "a,orisin*) /alorisin' is a 1ethod of i1pre'natin' alu1iniu1 powder on to and into a 1etal surface at hi'h te1perature %=00 to <00c) producin' a surface with e4cellent corrosion resistant.

10.

What is stain,ess stee,) It is an allo! of iron and chro1iu1.

12.

What is "orten) It is a low#'rade stainless steel.

13.

What is ?one,)
;a'e 3= of <5

It is an allo! of =0M nic6el0 25M copper and iron0 1a'nesiu1 and silicon. 14. Where is "!#ro>ni"9e, !sed) Where erosion and corrosion 1i'ht occur. 17. E1#,ain an i$#ressed "!rrent CP s-ste$. &olta'e fro1 an e4ternal power source called transfor1er rectifier is i1pressed on the circuit (etween the pipeline and (uried earth connections 6nown as 'round (ed resultin' in a direct current (ein' dischar'ed. In dischar'in' current to earth the 'round (ed 1aterial is su(Gected to corrosion. *he i1pressed current s!ste1 can (e used in all t!pes of soil resisti5ities0 the 'reater the resisti5it!0 the 'reater the dri5in' 5olta'e or nu1(er of anodes to achie5e /;. '8. Wh- "orrosion is #arti"!,ar,- se.ere in ind!stria, and $arine en.iron$ents) a. (. c. d. e. &ariation in o4!'en content on the steel surface %wet - dr!) 8J M %a(o5e I0M is critical) ;resence of i1purities in air %acids0 al6ali0 salt etc.) Ji'her no(ilit! 1etals in contact with the steel %e.'. 1ill scale) *e1perature %a1(ient and su(strate te1perature)

PAPER 1. (%>*as) PAINTING GRA5E (/'.

1. 5es"ri+e wh- and how "orrosion o""!rs. /orrosion is an electroche1ical process called electrol!sis0 which results fro1 an anodic reaction and atleast one cathodic reaction R 1etal iron reduction. Whene5er a 1aterial which is ha5in' free L5e ions is i11ersed in an electrol!te ha5e #5e ions or free electrons0 1etal is reduced to its o4ide (! che1ical (ondin' process. *his is called corrosion of 1etals.
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'.

5es"ri+e what is $eant +- +i$eta,,i" "orrosion. Bi1etallic corrosion occurs when two different 1etals are attached close to'ether. *h less no(le of the two 1etals will act as an anode to the no(ler one0 the cathode and will sacrifice itself.

(.

5es"ri+e the o,,owin*. a. *he 'al5anic series2 is that 1etals carr! an order of no(ilit! to corrode. *his no(ilit! is found (! testin' in seawater. Fold and sil5er corrode less 7uic6l! than copper 1ill scale0 steel0 alu1iniu1 and :inc. So we can use the 'al5anic series to (rin' a(out cathodic protection to steel. (. Mill scale2 is a (lac6 fla6! la!er of o4idi:ed iron found on steel durin' its 1anufacture. c. 8ust 'rades to SIS 05#59002 *here are four 'rades. Frade . # /o5ered with 1ill scale0 with little or no rust. Frade B # . 1i4ture of 1ill scale and rust. Frade / # $o 1ill scale0 surface is sli'htl! rusted. Frade E # Jea5il! rusted and pitted. d. Blast cleanin' 'rades to SIS 05#59002 *here are four standards. Sa + # ,i'ht (last clean. Sa 2 # *horou'h (last clean. Sa 2 +-2 # &er! thorou'h (last clean. Sa 3 # Blast cleanin' to 5isuall! clean steel.

&.

5es"ri+e the di eren"e +etween water +,astin* and #ress!re washin*. Water (lastin' is carried out at 5er! hi'h psi and with added a(rasi5es to re1o5e the 1ost conta1inations # can cut a profile in steel. .lso 5er! 'ood in re1o5in' to4ic coatin's. It is e4cellent at cleanin' tu(e (undles. ;ressure washin' is a low# pressure water s!ste1 1ainl! used for cleanin' painted surfaces0 it can also (e used with a deter'ent for re1o5al of salts0 chlorides0 and conta1ination fro1 su(strates. &er! useful tool in the 1aintenance paint field.

0.

Na$e two tests !sed to deter$ine the #resen"e o h-*ros"o#i" sa,ts ,e t on a +,ast ",eaned s!r a"e. ;otassiu1 ferri#c!anide test # for solu(le iron salts. Sil5er nitrate test # for solu(le chloride salts.

2.

Na$e o!r e1#enda+,e a+rasi.es and state the di eren"e +etween an e1#enda+,e and a re!sa+,e a+rasi.e.
;a'e 39 of <5

34penda(le a(rasi5es # Flass fla6es0 copper sla'0 'arnet shells0 ice0 walnut shells0 coconut shells. 34penda(le a(rasi5es # *he! cannot (e reused after (lastin'. *he! fall with hi'h i1pact o5er the steel surface and shattered0 and on fallin' (eco1es powder!. /an (e used onl! one ti1e. 8eusa(le a(rasi5e # .fter (lastin' the! can (e reused upto twent! ti1es. 3.'. steel iron0 shot with 'rit. It can (e reclai1ed0 cleaned and 1onitored for the si:e (efore reusin'. 3. Na$e the three +asi" "onstit!ents o a so,.ent "arr-in* #aints and the !n"tions ea"h #er or$s in the #aints. a. Binder2 It (inds the particle to'ether0 holds the1 in suspension and 'i5es the paint its finish0 fle4i(ilit!0 'i5es 'ood adhesion to the surface. It con5erts to a solid dr! fil1 and 'i5es resistance to water0 al6alis and a(rasion. (. ;i'1ent2 Fi5es colour and opacit! to the paint. Fi5es resistance to acids0 al6alis0 li'ht. c. Sol5ent2 For1s the e5aporati5e part of the dr!in' process. *hins the paint for eas! application. Washes out the e7uip1ent and (rushes can act as a de'reasin' a'ent if appro5ed. 4. Na$e si1 #i*$ents and *i.e their res#e"ti.e "o,o!rs. /alciu1 plu1(ate 8ed iron o4ide0 8ed lead Dinc chro1ate ;hthaloc!a1e (lue ;hthaloc!a1e 'reen Burnt u1(er Dinc phosphate /oal tar 7. # # # # # # # # /rea1! white 8ed Pellow Blue Freen Brown White Brownish (lac6.

5es"ri+e what 6!a,ities a ,a$inar #i*$ent *i.es to #aint and na$e o!r #i*$ents. It 'i5es a hi'h resistant coatin' to the passa'e of water0 3.'. M.I.>0 'raphite0 'lass fla6es0 1ica0 alu1iniu1 fla6es.

18.

5es"ri+e a) a +arrier #aint s-ste$/ +) a sa"ri i"ia, #aint "oatin*. . (arrier paint s!ste1 is a low per1ea(ilit! coatin' s!ste10 nor1all! a four#coat s!ste1. ;ri1er0 tie coat0 M.I.> hi'h (uild and a topcoat.
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. sacrificial paint coatin' is usuall! :inc or alu1iniu1 (ased paint0 which is less no(le than the steel su(strate that is (ein' coated. So the less no(le is coatin' %anode) sacrifices itself to the no(ler steel su(strate %cathode). 11. 5es"ri+e what a tie>"oat is and *i.e three reasons wh- we $a- re6!ire one. . tie#coat is a paint0 which can tie two nor1all! inco1pati(le s!ste1s to'ether0 1ainl! used for 1aintenance paintin'. It is used in anti#foulin' s!ste1. 8easons2 *o 'et proper adhesion0 to a5oid (leedin'0 to a5oid sol5ent strippin'. 1'. 5es"ri+e a t-#i"a, #aint $an! a"t!rin* #ro"ess and *i.e the two t-#es o #aint $i,, whi"h "o!,d +e !sed. Select raw 1aterials0 1ill the paint0 carr! out an! / testin' re7uire1ents0 can the paint0 store in the warehouse and then distri(ute the paint. Eirect char'e 1ill0 (all 1ill0 attriator 1ill. Ball 1ill# it 'rinds all the raw in'redients to'ether. ;re1i4 1ill ta6es all the pre1i4ed in'redients and refines this 1i4ture to hi'h 7ualit! paint used in lar'e (atch in run. 1(. 5es"ri+e what -o! 9now o .is"osit- and o!t ,ine one $ethod o testin*. &iscosit! is the 1easure of fluid resistance to flow. It is used to find the a1ount of sol5ent that is added to the paint. It is tested at 20 L-# 0.5c. Ford flow cup S 4 is used. Brin' !our paint te1perature to 20 c. place !our fin'er o5er the hole of the cup0 fill with paint0 le5el off the paint with ruler. $ote the ti1e ta6en i.e. how lon' the paint flows (efore the (rea6 co1es in the flow of the paint when !ou re1o5e the fin'er fro1 the hole. 1&. 5es"ri+e what do -o! 9now o densit-. Eensit! is wei'ht per unit 5olu1e. 9nits ? '1s-cu(ic centi1etre. 10. Can -o! !se a +anana *a!*e o.er a. .n M.I.> coatin' (. .n alu1iniu1 su(strate c. . 'al5ani:ed surface # # # $o $o. Pes pro5ided it is o5er steel surface.

12.

5es"ri+e a destr!"ti.e test or deter$inin* the dr- i,$ thi"9ness o #aint.

;a'e 4+ of <5

;.I$* I$S;3/*>8OS F.9F3 %;.I.F)2 /ut a O&O cut shaped channels o5er the paint fil1 coated o5er an area. ;lace it o5er a 1icroscope and 1easure the thic6ness of the paint and how 1an! coats are there. *o deter1ine the co1pati(ilit! (etween different coats. 13. Gi.e o!r arti i"ia, weatherin* de.i"es and des"ri+e what the- si$!,ate. a. (. c. d. e. 14. Salt spra! test # It is used to si1ulate 1arine en5iron1ent. Water soap test # It is a test for paint fil1 per1ea(ilit!. *ropical (o4 # It is used to si1ulate hi'h hu1id en5iron1ent. /old crac6in' test # It is used to chec6 the contraction at 5er! low te1perature. *e1perature c!clin' # It is used to si1ulate alternate low and hi'h te1perature of a paint.

What is the na$e o the instr!$ent whi"h $eas!res o#a"it- and *i.e two e1a$#,es /r!pto1eter # a) ;fund /r!pto1eter0 () Jidin' power chart. 5es"ri+e a do,,- test or adhesion. a. /lean the su(strate coated with the paint. Ee'rease it and rou'hen. (. .ttach doll! (! re'ular araldite. c. ,ea5e 24 hours ti1e at 25c. d. .fterwards cut a around doll! to isolate the su(strate. e. .ppl! pull of force and note down the pressure %psi). f. $ote at what pressure the failure occurs. '. What t!pes of failure occurs %cohesi5e - adhesi5e) How does the o,,owin* wor9) a) /on5entional spra! set up () .irless spra! s!ste1 c) 3lectrostatic spra! s!ste1. a) /on5entional spra! setup is used for relati5el! low pressures and thin 1aterials. .lso the cup 'un does not hold (i' 7uantities of paint. So !ou are fore5er fillin' the1 up. .lso the 'ra5it! and suction 'uns can onl! (e used in the upri'ht position. () .irless spra! s!ste1 is a 5er! fast s!ste1 for appl!in' paint to 5er! lar'e areas0 rou'hl! one s7uare 1etre per1inute0 lar'e spra! pattern and applies thic6 coatin' in one application. c) 3lectrostatic spra! s!ste1 re7uires a special spra! 'un0 which applies char'e to the paint particles. *he su(strate is positi5el! earthed and the paint particles are 'i5en a ne'ati5e char'e at the tip as the! lea5e the 'un. So the paint particles 'o
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17.

'8

to the earth and wrap the1sel5es around the nor1all! tu(ular co1ponents and a e5en coatin' is o(tained0 5er! little wasta'e of paint. '1. How is %S &488 !sed in the "onstr!"tion ind!str-) It specifies +00 colours out of the 23= in BS 5252. It is used to identif! the e4istin' colour paint for which 1aintenance paintin' has to (e done. It is useful for the 1anufacturerOs to 5erif! with the standard colours 'i5en in BS 4<00 %+00 colours). ''. What are the essentia, di eren"es +etween +,ister and os$oti" +,ister) 34pansion or contraction of the paint fil1 a'ainst the su(strate usuall! causes dr! (listers. >s1otic (lister is a (lister0 which contains 'as0 li7uid0 or cr!stal. It is caused (! the entrap1ent of sol5ent0 h!'roscopic salts. It is usuall! do1e shaped. '(. What sha,, #aintin* e6!i#$ent "o$#,- with when +ein* !sed on the %*as site) *o the paint 1anufacturerOs reco11endation. '&. How do the o,,owin* dis#,a- their "hara"teristi"s) Bleedin' is a discolouration of a new paint applied o5er an old one. Bitu1en and paints contain red pi'1ents are particularl! pro(le1atic. Bloo1in'. It is where a finishin' paint assu1es a 1il6! t!pe appearance and the loss of 'loss due to colour or da1pened air settlin' on the paint (efore it was dr!. /hal6in'. ;aint (eco1es powder! or chal6!. Brea6 down of the (inder due to ultra5iolet li'ht and also due to poor weather condition. /issin'. In#co1plete paint fil1s due to paint o5er oil and 'rease. Frinnin'. Seein' the underl!in' surface throu'h the finish coat. /olour contrast0 lac6 of opacit!. Flocculation. Separatin' out paint constituents in the tin and the refusal to (e stirred (ac6 to'ether a'ain. ,iftin'. .tte1ptin' paint o5er0 underneath a coatin'0 which is not full! cured. *he e5aporatin' sol5ent will lift up0 pic6in' up. 8oopiness. Brush 1ar6s in a painted surface. Sol5ent strippin'. ;aint with a powerful sol5ent will lift the coatin' underneath due to the power of the sol5ent. >4idi:ation. *he dr!in' process (etween certain (inders and o4!'en e.'. al6!d resin. /he1ical curin'. *he 1i4in' of two co1ponents which produces dr!in' in a two# pac6 paint. >5erspra!. ;aint which is not 'oin' to su(strate. ;aint0 which falls o5er an area which0 is not re7uired to (e painted.
;a'e 43 of <5

'0.

5e ine the o,,owin*/ 5ew #oint/ Rh/ Ind!"tion #eriod/ Pot ,i e/ E,ash #oint/ She, Li e/ %at"h No./ ?as9in* o!t A.G.I/ R!st +,oo$in*/ Water +orne "oatin*/ % Sa ' 1I'/ Eeatherin*/ A St(/ PA 7/ P 18. Eew point2 *he te1perature at which condensation would for1 on a su(strate. 8J2 *he a1ount of water 5apour in the air e4pressed as a percenta'e and calculates fro1 the wet and dr! (ul( te1peratures. Induction ;eriod2 *he len'th of ti1e a paint is re7uired to stand after 1i4in' and (efore application0 to allow the air (ul( to escape and or che1ical reactions to ta6e place and is specified (! the paint 1anufacturer. ;ot life2 *he len'th of ti1e %followin' induction) that a paint re1ains in an applica(le condition accordin' to the 1anufacturerOs instructions. Flash point2 *he lowest te1perature at which a 'i5en 1aterial will flash0 if a fla1e or spar6 is present. Shelf life2 Ma4i1u1 inter5al in which a 1aterial 1a! (e stored in a usa(le condition. Batch nu1(er2 ManufacturerOs data nu1(er for production date. Mas6in' out2 Must (e carried out on ite1s to (e protected durin' preparation and paintin'0 ite1s nor1all! 1as6ed out are control e7uip1ent0 fire protection e7uip1ent0 weld ends0 sensin' and spra!in' heads0 na1e plates. ..F.I2 .(o5e 'round installation. 8ust (loo1in'2 It is caused (! 1oisture or hu1idit! on new (lasted steel and shows up (efore pri1in'. Water (orne coatin'2 >ne whose sol5ent is water. It dries (! coalescent. B Sa 2 +-2 2 8ust 'rade B. Mi4ture of 1ill scale and rust. ;repared (! 5er! thorou'h (last cleanin'. Featherin'2 S1oothin' (ac6 the coatin' ed'e to allow repair. ;aint to flow into and produce a s1ooth ed'es i.e. s1oothin' down of rou'h paint ed'es. . St32 $ot possi(le. ;. 92 B 'as docu1ent properties and perfor1ance re7uire1ents refer to the orderin' of paints and perfor1ance of paints s!ste1s. .n! paint used on B#'as wor6 1ust co1pl! with ;. 9. ;. +02 It is the technical na1e specification for new and 1aintenance paintin' at wor6s and site for a(o5e 'round pipeline and plant installations and is arran'ed into three sections. ;ri1ar! infor1ation0 'eneral paintin' infor1ation0 infor1ation for specific paintin' applications. Gi.e as $!"h detai,s as -o! "an or the o,,owin*. S;. +2 .pplies to the paintin' at wor6 or site of new installation and co1ponents and 1aintenance paint. %/S) S;. 22 For indoor use and short ter1 uses. S;. 32 $ew installation and 1aintenance0 a(o5e +00c0 upto 340c0 and a(o5e. S;. 42 ;aintin' of da1p ferrous surfaces.
;a'e 44 of <5

'2.

S;. I2 ;aintin' of non#ferrous surfaces.

PAPER '. (%>*as) PAINTING GRA5E (/'.

1.

What 9ind o #ro"ess is "orrosion) 3lectro che1ical process.

'.

What #arti"!,ar #ro+,e$s re,ate to the $aintainin* o an e e"ti.e "oatin* s-ste$ in s#,ash =one) 8apid chan'e in o4!'en0 salt spra!0 'rowth of 1arine life0 access to the wor6in' area is difficult. Wa5e i1pact and erosion. Mechanical da1a'e due to ship 1o5e1ent.

(.

What a"tors in ,!en"e the rate o "orrosion) a. (. c. d. &ariation in o4!'en content on steel surface %wet and dr!) 8J percenta'e a(o5e I0M. Ji'her no(ilit! 1etals in contact. .ir (orne acids0 al6alis and salts.

&.

What i,,s $i,, s"a,e and wh- it is a #arti"!,ar #ro+,e$ when atte$#tin* to #rote"t stee,) Mill scale is an o4idi:ed iron. Mill scale is no(ler than steel so the e4posed areas of steel %anode) will sacrifice itself to protect the 1ill scale %cathode).

0.

What is the n!$+er o the Swedish standard "ontained within %S 3837 and ,ist the r!st and +,astin* *rades to*ether with their +rie re,e.ant tit,es) RCST GRA5E %LASTING GRA5E
;a'e 45 of <5

R!st *rade A # /o5ered in 1ill scale with little or no rust. R!st *rade % # . 1i4ture of 1ill scale and rust. R!st *rade C # Mill scale0 rusted with sli'ht surface pittin'. R!st *rade 5 # Jea5il! rusted and pitted. 2.

Sa 1 > ,i'ht (last clean. Sa ' > *horou'h (last clean. Sa ' 1I' > &er! thorou'h (last clean. Sa ( # Blast clean and 5isuall! clean.

Na$e three tests or ,o"atin* h-*ros"o#i" sa,ts and $i,, s"a,e on a +,ast ",eaned s!r a"e. ;otassiu1 ferri c!anide test # Solu(le iron salts Sil5er nitrate # Solu(le chlorides /opper sulphate # Mill scale What a"tors in ,!en"e how ",ean and how ro!*h the s!r a"e +e"o$es a ter +,ast ",eanin*. 9sin' the correct a(rasi5es ensurin' that si:e0 hardness0 densit! and shape are the correct for the su(strate. >peratorOs a(ilit! to ensure proper speeds0 an'les and distance plus speed %ti1e). Surface profile and cleanliness.

3.

4.

Re*ardin* hand and #ower too, ",eanin* state what a,wa-s "on",!des this #ro"ess and to what standards. Wire (rushin'2 Brushes 1ust (e 1ade fro1 phosphor0 (ron:e or (er!lliu1 (ron:e. St 2 # *horou'h hand R 1echanical cleanin' %1anual). St 3 # &er! thorou'h hand R 1echanical %1echanical). 9sed on rust 'rades B0/0E.

7.

What three +asi" in*redients $a9e !# a traditiona, so,.ent "arr-in* #aint) Binder0 pi'1ent and sol5ent.

18.

What are the !n"tions o ea"h o these three in a so,.ent "arr-in* #aint) %indersG It (inds the particles to'ether and holds the1 in suspension. Fi5es the paint its finish0 1a6es the coatin' adhere to the surfaces0 'i5es fle4i(ilit!. /on5erts to a solid dr! fil10 resistance to water and che1icals. Pi*$entsG Fi5es colour and opacit! to the paint. 8esistance to al6alis0 acids and li'ht. So,.entG Brushes R e7uip1ent cleaner0 thins the paint0 de'reases if appro5ed. for1s the e5aporati5e part of the dr!in' process.
;a'e 4I of <5

11.

Na$e i.e ite$s that "an +e in",!ded in #aint to i$#ro.e its #er or$an"e or s!ita+i,it- or a "ertain !se. Erier or catal!st0 e4tenders0 plasticiers0 thi4otropic a'ent0 anti s6innin' a'ent0 sta(ili:er.

1'.

Identi - si1 #aints +- their +inder na$e. ;ol!urethane0 al6!d0 chlorinated ru((er0 epo4!0 e1ulsion0 alu1iniu10 achrolic0 5in!l0 silicon0 cellulose and :inc.

1(.

Na$e o!r +inder I so,.ent "o$+ination. 3po4! /hlorinated ru((er .l6!d resin 31ulsion # # # # .cetone. K!lene. White spirit. Water.

1&.

Na$e si1 o#a6!e #i*$ents to*ether with their res#e"ti.e "o,o!rs. /alciu1 plu1(ate 8ed iron o4ide 8ed lead Dinc chro1ate Dinc phosphate /oal tar # # # # # # /rea1! white 8ed 8ed Pellow White Ear6 (rown or (lac6.

10.

5es"ri+e what a ,a$inar #i*$ent is. *he la1inar pi'1ent %M.I.>0 Mica0 'lass fla6es) particle shape tin! hands or lea5es0 upon dr!in' the! interwea5e and o5erlap each other to for1 a lea5e t!pe. Surface pro5ides a low per1ea(ilit! to water.

12.

What is the di eren"e +etween a "on.erti+,e and a non>"on.erti+,e "oatin*) /on5erti(le coatin' dries (! che1icall! chan'in' upon0 afterwards it cannot (e softened or da1a'ed (! its own sol5ent. $on#con5erti(le coatin' dries (! sol5ent e5aporation onl!. It cannot (e da1a'ed or softened when it contacts with its own sol5ent.

13.

5e ine the ter$ ind!"tion #eriod.

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*he len'th of the ti1e0 the two pac6 has to stand after 1i4in'0 (efore appl!in' for allowin' the air (u((les to escape and che1ical reaction has to ta6e place and is stated (! the 1anufacturer. 14. 5e ine the ter$ #ot ,i e. *he len'th of ti1e after induction the two#pac6 paint re1ains in an appl!in' condition0 accordin' to the 1anufacturerOs instructions. 17. 5e ine a +arrier s-ste$ o "oatin*. *his t!pe of coatin' isolates the su(strate fro1 the en5iron1ent (! pro5idin' a low per1ea(ilit! coatin' s!ste1. '8. 5e ine the ter$ tie>"oat and *i.e an e1a$#,e o its !se. . coat used to appl! o5er two inco1pati(le coatin's e.'. durin' 1aintenance paintin'.

'1.

What is the di eren"e +etween ther$osettin* and ther$o#,asti") Heat "!red #,asti"/ *her1osettin'2 *he! can (e for1ed (! heatin' and curin' heat cured plastic. .fter settin' the! will not soften or de'rease. *her1oplastic2 *he! can (e for1ed (! heatin' and curin' heat cured plastic. .fter settin'0 when the! are re#heated it will (eco1e softer and (eco1e li7uid and a'ain can (e reused.

''.

What is i$#ressed "!rrent. What #ro+,e$ "an arise ro$ its in"orre"t settin* !#) &olta'e fro1 an e4ternal power source called a transfor1er rectifier is i1pressed on the circuit (etween the pipeline and (uried earth connections 6nown as 'round (eds resultin' in a direct current (ein' dischar'ed. In dischar'in' current to earth the 'round (ed 1aterials are su(Gect to corrosion. *he i1pressed s!ste1 can (e used in all t!pes of soil resisti5ites. *he 'reater the resisti5it! the 'reater the dri5in' 5olta'e or no. of anodes to achie5e /; cathodic dis(ond1ent will occur.

'(.

Na$e two t-#es o #aint $i,, and *i.e two e1a$#,es o ea"h.
;a'e 4< of <5

5IRECT CHARGE ?ILL Ball 1ill .ttritor 1ill Ji'h speed disperser 1ill

PRE>?IF ?ILL Bi' 1ill %Ballotoni) Sand pearl and Bead 1ill Slurr! 1ill

COLLOI5 ?ILL Si1ple roll Eried roll 1ill *riple roll.

'&.

What is the tit,e o %S (788) Method of test for li7uid paint. How $an- test sets are in %S (788) 3i'ht. How are the tests identi ied (na$e/ n!$+er)) *itle and letter fro1 . to J. .. Method of test for li7uid paint fil1s %e4cludes che1icals) B. ,i7uid and dried fil1s include che1ical e4a1ination. /. *est associated with paint fil1 for1ation E. >pacit! test on paints. 3. Mechanical test on paint fil1s F. Eura(ilit! test on paint fil1. F. 3n5iron1ental test on paint fil1. J. Eesi'nation of intensit!0 7ualit! and si:e of co11on t!pe of defect. Feneral principle and ratin' sche1e.

'0.

What does a ineness o *rind *a!*e $eas!re) Frind 'au'e 1easures pi'1ent 'rain si:e0 how finel! the pi'1ent has (een %'rained) 'round in the 1illin' process.

'2.

What is the ,ash #oint and +- what a##arat!s is it deter$ined) It is the 1ini1u1 te1perature at which the 5apours of a li7uid (e'in to i'nite when the e4ternal source of i'nition is introduced. *he closed cup .(el t!pe deter1ines flash point.

'3.

What is .is"osit- and what e6!i#$ent is !sed to $eas!re the .is"osit- o a ree ,owin* #aint and Thi1otro#i" #aint) &iscosit! is the internal 1easure of fluid resistance to flow. a) Free flowin' paint 5iscosit! is deter1ined (! Ford flow cup no.4.
;a'e 49 of <5

() *hi4otropic paint 5iscosit! is deter1ined (! rotatin' 5isco1eter-rota thinner0 6re(s stor1er 5isco1eter. Set the r.p.1 throu'h the window at 200 r.p.1. to 1a6e it a free flowin' paint. ;aint is put in the 5isco1eter and paint is thinned si1ilar to the ford flow cup no.4 test0 note the ti1e ta6en for the paint to (e (ro6en to droplets. *i1e ta6en in seconds will 'i5e the 5isocit!. '4. What is densit- "!# and *i.e an e1a$#,e o its !se) S1all (lac6 cup of +00 cc0 which is 1ade of aircraft allo!0 is 6nown as densit! cup. *he lid in it has a hole in the top. ;our the paint inside the densit! cup. /lose it with the lid. Wipe of the e4tra paint co1in' out of the hole fro1 the cup. Wei'h it (! usin' the for1ula Eensit! ? Wei'ht - 5olu1e. Find out the densit! of the li7uid. Eensit! cup is used for0 a) *o chec6 the a1ount of sol5ent added to the paint. () Whether the two#pac6 paint has (een 1i4ed to the correct ratio. '7. Ca,"!,ate the .o,!$e o so,ids o the #aint i the W.E.T was 142 $i"rons and the 5.E.T > 7( $i"rons. &S M ? E.F.* 4 +00 ? 50M W.F.*. Ca,"!,ate the W.E.T. o a #aint i the @s K*e was 22 and 5.E.T was 44 $i"rons. W.F.* ? E.F.* 4 +00 ? +33.3 1icrons &s M (1. Ca,"!,ate the 5.E.T. o #aint i @s K was && and W.E.T was '(& $i"rons. E.F.* ? W.F.* 4 &s M ? +02.9I 1icrons +00 ('. Ca,"!,ate the densit- o #aint i a 0>,itre tin wei*hed 10 9*. Eensit! ? wei'ht ? 3 '1s - cu.c1 &olu1e ((. Ca,"!,ate the densit- o two #a"9 $ateria, i #art A #aint was 1.0 *I"!."$ and #art % "ata,-st was 8.0 * I "!."$ (ass!$e ratio 1G1) +.5 L 0.5 ? + ' - cu.c1 2
;a'e 50 of <5

(8.

(&.

Na$e an e1a$#,e o a nondestr!"ti.e 5.E.T. *a!*e and destr!"ti.e 5.E.T. *a!*e. $E* # E.F.*. 'au'e # 3lectronic 'au'e0 (anana 'au'e. E* # E.F.*. 'au'e # ;aint inspectors 'au'e.

(0.

Na$e o!r arti i"ia, weatherin* de.i"es and sa- what the- are desi*ned to si$!,ate. Salt spra! test *ropical (o4 test Water soc6 test /old crac6 test /rac6in' # # # # # Marine en5iron1ent Ji'h hu1idit! en5iron1ent *est for per1ea(ilit! of paint s!ste1 *est for low te1perature *e1perature c!clin' test for fle4i(ilit! of paint fil1 5ar!in' te1perature alteration%hi'h te1p Rlow te1p)

(2.

Na$e two dr-in* I "!rin* tests and state how the- are o#erated. Er!in' - curin' test2 Ballotini test# hardened steel (alls put o5er the wet paint fil1 panel. St!lus test2 It consists of a series of trailin' needles. *o find out tac6 dr!0 hard dr! and full! cured. /old leaf test2 It is 1o5ed o5er the wet fil1 since the! are used in different tensions.

(3.

What does a Cr-#to$eter $eas!re and *i.e two e1a$#,es o a Cr-#to$eter. It is used to 1easure the opacit!. Jidin' power charts and ;#fund /r!pto1eter.

(4.

What deter$ines the de*ree o *,oss/ a #aint $a- #ossess. a) *he ratio (etween (inder and pi'1ent. *he fineness of the pi'1ent 'rind. () Fineness of pi'1ent 'rind. c) S6ill of spra! painter. d) Method of application. e) .(sor(in' of the su(strate for the paint. Na$e three adhesion tests and des"ri+e how one o the$ is "arried o!t. a) /ross cut test () /ross hatch test c) Eoll! test.

(7.

;a'e 5+ of <5

/lean0 de'rease and rou'hen the surface. .ppl! doll! with re'ular araldite and 'i5e 24#hrs ti1e at 25c. /ut around the doll! to isolate the su(strate. .ppl! the pull off force and find out0 +. .t what pressure %psi) failure occurs. 2. What t!pe of failure occurs. /ohesi5e-adhesi5e. &8. State the "onditions !nder whi"h %>*as a,,ows #aintin* to ta9e #,a"e. a) *he a1(ient or surface te1perature should (e atleast 3c and a(o5e the dew point te1perature. () *he relati5e hu1idit! should (e less than 90M c) *e1perature condition for appl!in' paint should (e within the 1anufacturerOs instruction. %1a4i1u1 and 1ini1u1 te1perature) &1. Na$e ei*ht d!ties o a #aint ins#e"tor. +. 2. 3. 4. Inspect and report Je 1ust act with inte'rit! at all ti1es and true to the specification. ,earn the specification and fa1iliari:e with the plants and e7uip1ent used. Inspect the su(strate condition %'rade of paint) and select a suita(le paint s!ste1 as per the specification re7uire1ent. 5. /hec6 whether dr! (ul( te1perature0 dew point R 8JM is within the accepta(le le5el or not. I. Inspect the prepared surface for its surface profile and cleanliness %'rade Sa +0 Sa 20 2 +-20 3) =. &erif! whether the correct 1aterial ha5e (een o(tained for the paint application. <. Witness paint preparation %1i4in') and operation at site. 9. Measure WF*0 EF* and chec6 adhesion and curin'. +0. Ma6e reports # dail!0 wee6l!0 1onthl!. &'. List ei*ht>"ontra"tor $a,#ra"ti"e. +. 9sin' un7ualified personnel. 2. 9sin' unsafe plant and e7uip1ent. 3. 9sin' e7uip1ent0 which are in poor condition. 4. ;roceedin' to further coat without inspection (ein' carried out. 5. .ppl!in' coat in wron' se7uence0 o1ission of a coat. I. .ppl! a wron' paint. =. 9se of date0 e4pired products. <. I1proper coatin' thic6ness. 9. 9sin' 1ore sol5ent. +0. ,ess thic6ness of coat.
;a'e 52 of <5

++. I1proper 1i4in' of paint. &(. Na$e three $ethods o a##,-in* #aint and "o$#are the ad.anta*es and disad.anta*es o ea"h in>ter$s o 6!a,it- and "ost e e"ti.eness. Brush2 /heap eas! 1ethod0 (est for appl!in' pri1ers. Eisad5anta'es # slow0 co5ers s1all areas and 1ess! to handle. 8oller2 /heap and eas! to appl!. Eisad5anta'es # une5en coatin'0 oran'e peel effect. /on5entional %air)2 34pensi5e %four to fi5e ti1es costlier than others)0 co5ers lar'e areas. Eisad5anta'es # o5erspra!. &&. What does %S '810/ *,ossar- o #aint ter$s re er to and *i.e three e1a$#,es) +. 2. 3. 4. 5. I. =. <. &0. Bleedin'2 ;enetratin' and discolourin' of paint coated o5er it. Blisterin'2 Eo1e shaped (listers for1ed due to contraction # dr! (listers. >s1otic (listers2 It is for1ed due to entrapped li7uid0 'as and salts. /hal6in'2 ;i'1ent (eco1es chal6! or powder! when it co1es under chlorides0 sulphides. Flocculation2 Separatin' out of certain ele1ents. Frinnin'2 Seein' the underneath surface throu'h the finish coat. Jolida!s2 ;oorl! or 1issed coatin'. ;inholin'2 Joles down throu'h the paint caused due to escape of 'ases.

What is %S &488 and how is it !sed in the "onstr!"tion ind!str-) It is arran'ed of +00 standard colours ta6en fro1 the 23= colours contained in BS 5252 and used in the construction industr!. It can (e used to identif! e4istin' colours when 1aintenance paintin' and is a 1ethod (! which all 1anufacturers can 1a6e e4actl! the sa1e colour.

&2.

How does %>*as de ine the o,,owin*. ,on' ter1 protection2 9pto +0 !ears. Short ter1 protection2 9pto 2#3 !ears. Mediu1 ter1 protection2 9pto 5 !ears. $ew 'al5ani:in'2 . su(strate coated with :inc 'al5ani:ed surface where this cohesi5e o4ide la!er has not for1ed 'loss! and shinnin' appearance#less than three 1onths old. Weathered 'al5ani:in'2 Wire (rushed with stiff (rushes0 1ore than 3 1onths old. . 'al5ani:ed surface where the cohesi5e o4ide la!ers has for1ed dull and lac6in' in sheen.
;a'e 53 of <5

&3.

What is the #ro"ed!re or re$o.in* oi, and *rease ro$ a s!r a"e +e ore #re#aration "o$$en"es) Because of oil R 'rease paint will not spread properl!. White spirit should not (e used. 9se onl! appro5ed sol5ent with safet! precaution to (e followed. For appl!in' sol5ent use disposa(le swa(. Eo not use cotton ra's. .fter sol5ent cleanin' use a deter'ent pressure washin' followed (! clean water0 rinsin' and then dr!in' it.

&4.

What is the #ro"ed!re or re$o.in* oi, and *rease ro$ a s!r a"e/ o!nd a ter #re#aration has ta9en #,a"e) 9se appro5ed sol5ent and after de'reasin'0 do pressure washin' with 2M deter'ent followed (! clean water rinsin' and dr!in' it off. 8e(last and clean it.

&7.

What is the #ro"ed!re or re$o.in* A,*ae and $o!,d *rowth ro$ #i#e wor9) .ppl! antifun'icidal (i#o4idant o5er the al'ae and 1ould 'rowth and 'i5e 1ini1u1 twent!#four hours ti1e. ,ea5e it free for this period. .fter this ti1e elapse use stiff wire (rushes to scru( off0 pressure wash with a deter'ent followed (! clean water rinsin'.

08.

Cnder what "onditions $!st #aint +e stored) In ad dr!0 loc6a(le0 well 5entilated (uildin' awa! fro1 'as areas0 fla1es0 heat spar6s and ra!s of the sun and follow an! special stora'e condition.

01.

What is T>wash) What is it !sed or) What "o,o!r is it) How do we "he"9 or a "orre"t rea"tion when !sin* it) It is an etch pri1er. When applied first it pro5ides a 6e! for new 'al5ani:ed steel. Blue in colour. *urns (lac6 upon dr!in'. T*#wash should not (e used in alu1iniu1. 9se ;&BT

0'.

What two "oat #aints are a##,ied at wor9s) Ji'h solid sol5ent (ased epo4! pri1er to =5 1icrons d.f.t. 3po4! 1.i.o. Mid coat to =5 1icrons d.f.t.

0(.

What distan"e $!st +e ,e t at areas to +e we,ded when #aintin*)

;a'e 54 of <5

Se5ent!#fi5e 11. 0&. How $!"h $!st new #aint o.er,a# on o,d re#airs) Jundred 11. 00. What is the $a1i$!$ a,,owed ti$e or #ri$in* to ta9e #,a"e o,,owin* the #re#aration and +- what $ethod is #ri$er a##,ied) Ma4i1u1 four hours follow co1pletion of (lastin'. 34cept Spa 4 where pri1in' is i11ediate. B! (rushin' or spra! as appropriate. 02. What do %>*as ",ass as hot d!t- ser.i"es) >ne which reaches a te1perature of a(o5e 99c0 when %it is wor6in') in use. 03. What $!st a,, #ne!$ati"a,,- and e,e"tri"a,,- o#erated #ower too, e6!i#$entJs sho!,d +e done +e ore !se) ;roperl! earthed. 04. What t-#e o sheetin* $a- and $a- not +e !sed or #rote"tion a*ainst s#i,,a*e and s#ottin*) Sheetin' 1ust (e non#fla11a(le. Fla11a(le sheets li6e tarpaulins should not (e used. %Fire ha:ard) 07. What $!st not +e !sed to ",ean o!t 9ett,es or dis#ose o r!++ish) Fire or fla1es. 28. Gi.e the r!,es or $i1in* o #aints re*ardin* si=es. 9pto fi5e litres 1a! (e 1i4ed (! hand. .(o5e fi5e litres 1ust (e 1echanicall! 1i4ed. 21. What are os$oti" +,isters and what "an "a!se the$) >s1otic (listers are (listers0 which contain li7uid0 'as or cr!stals %chlorides). Main causes are sol5ent entrap1ent0 water entrap1ent0 h!'roscopic salts left on the (last cleaned surface.
;a'e 55 of <5

2'.

So$e $eta,s are di i"!,t to #re#are. Na$e three and des"ri+e how -o! $i*ht #re#are the$. +. .lu1iniu1 sheetin' e4trusions2 Infactor! # Ee'rease in acid (ath. >nsite # 3tch and de'rease with e1er! cloth and white spirit. 3tch pri1er0 :inc chro1ate %no lead paints). 2. Fal5ani:ed iron %steel dipped in 1olten :inc)2 Infactor! # Ee'rease in acid or al6ali (ath %t#wash). >nsite # .llow to weather for se5eral 1onths or de'rease with :inc chro1ate0 calciu1 plu1(ate or etch pri1er. 3. /opper0 (rass and (ron:e2 Infactor! # Ee'rease in sol5ent (ath. >nsite # 9se e1er! cloth and white spirit %do not weather or dr! a(rade). 3tch pri1er.

2(.

Where does a #i#e,ine ,ea.e the *ro!nd and what #ro+,e$s wo!,d -o! ind and how $i*ht -o! treat this) S6etch2

+. Mechanical da1a'e fro1 (ac6 fillin'. 2. 8apid chan'e in o4!'en in soil0 steel interface due to alternate wettin' or dr!in' conditions. 3. Soil 1a! (e che1icall! reacti5e. 4. .cid attac6. 5. Will produce corrosion. # a) appl! e4tra coatin' () appl! 1as6in' %pol!eth!lene) c) (etter draina'e to a5oid standin' water d) top 1ustle well seeded. 2&. What additiona, in or$ation wo!,d -o! re"ord when $aintenan"e #aintin* a #i#e,ine witho!t re$o.in* the #re.io!s "oats) +. It needs to (e esta(lished whether the e4istin' s!ste1 contains an! to4ic coatin's as this will dictate the 1ethod of preparation used. 2. .re the e4istin' coatin's co1pati(le to the new s!ste1 inter1s of adhesion possi(ilit! of sol5ent strippin'0 possi(ilit! of (leedin'. Fet the infor1ation fro1 the paint 1anufacturer. 3. Further infor1ation re7uired. $ature and e4tent of surface conta1ination0 e4tent of (rea6 down0 e4tent of corrosion0 where adhesion pro(le1s0 sol5ent stripin' or (leedin' 1i'ht occur. . tie coat would (e e1plo!ed to pre5ent these particular pro(le1s arisin' e.'. inser5ice en5iron1ental condition. 20. Na$e i.e #aints and state their dr-in* or "!rin* $ethod.
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+. 31ulsion # /oalescence # 35aporates without che1ical action (ut it also 'ets dries li6e a non#con5erti(le (ut acts li6e a con5erti(le coatin'. 2. .l6!d # Sol5ent e5aporation followed (! o4idation. 3. /hlorinate ru((er # Sol5ent e5aporation onl!. $on#con5erti(le coatin'. 4. *wo pac6 epo4! # Sol5ent e5aporation followed (! che1ical reaction. 5. Fusion (onded epo4! # Jeat cured # *her1osettin'0 con5erti(le coatin'. 22. 23. Na$e a +,a"9 #i*$ent in "o$$on !se a#art ro$ "oa, tar. /ar(on (loc6s. What is a ho,ida- dete"tor and a #inho,e dete"tor) What does it dete"t/ and how does it wor9) It is an electrical de5ice applied to detect holida!s0 pinhole0 5oids etc.0 /oil sprin' t!pe2 +. ;reset the 5olta'e. 2. ;ass this holida! e7uip1ent throu'h it %Go(). 3. Where there is a holida! present0 it produces a spar60 5isual warnin' audio si'nal peep will (e heard. 4. Speed of runnin' the coil is +ft # 2ft-sec. It need not (e used on a(o5e 'round conditions. It can also (e used inside tan6s0 offshore structure0 and platfor1s0 on under'round pipelines +00M holida! test is re7uired. Brush shape0 horseshoe t!pe0 coil sprin' t!pe0 wet sprin' t!pe are the 5arious t!pes of holida! and pinhole detectors. 24. I -o! wor9ed on a "ontra"t where re6!ent sto##a*es o""!rred or #oor weather/ what additiona, in or$ation wo!,d -o! re"ord) +. 2. 3. 4. 5. 27. *i1e of startin' and stoppin' of wor6. Wasta'e of 1aterials should (e noted down. 34tra reasons for weather. ;ro'ress of the wor6 (efore the wor6 is stopped. 8ecord of da1a'es to partl! dried coatin' on to prepared areas %(lasted).

I a #i#e,ine was in dire"t "onta"t with a"o!sti" ",addin* what #aint s-ste$ $i*ht +e a##,ied i we wished to $aintain it e.er- three -ears or not at a,,) /laddin' # $o 1aintenance re7uired. .coustic claddin' does not ha5e an! anti corrosion propert!. .coustic claddin' reduces the noise le5el (! +0 # 20 dB. *her1al claddin' is carried out to with stand the te1peratures in (etween #+0c to L+000c.

38.

What is i$#ortant a+o!t se,e"tin* a #aint s-ste$ s!ita+,e or a "ertain en.iron$ent)

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3ach and e5er! paint has its own characteristics. Select a paint s!ste1 that should with stand the en5iron1ental conditions and co1pl! with the specification re7uire1ent. Marine conditions0 hi'h hu1id condition0 too low te1perature conditions. 31. What in or$ation do %>*as re6!ire to +e on a #aint tin and what %>*as do"!$ent dea,s with the #ro#erties and #er or$an"e o #aints. *he docu1ent ;. 9 properties and perfor1ance of pant. +. Manufacturers na1e. 2. *ransco identification nu1(er. 3. Eescription of the product. 4. /olour code %specified (! *ransco) 5. .n! special stora'e re7uire1ent. I. *he e4pir! date. =. .pplication 'rade %(rush-spra!) <. Batch identification code. 9. Identification of parts0 1i4in' ratio (! 5olu1e %paint catal!st) +0. .n! 1ar6in' re7uired (! current le'islation. 3'. What is !n!s!a, a+o!t the #re#aration o s!r a"es whi"h are dea,t +- SPA &) .fter (lastin' re1o5e 'rit conta1ination with clean water. 3(. 5es"ri+e what -o! 9now o HASWA and COSHH) J.SW. # Jealth and safet! at wor6 act +9=4. It deals with duties of e1plo!er and e1plo!ee with re'ard to health and safet!. 31plo!ee should report accident0 spilla'e. It is a statutor! re7uire1ent. />SJJ # /ontrol of su(stances ha:ardous to health +9<<. 3&. Gi.e one ad.anta*e o !sin* teste1 ta#e and #,asti" dis#osa+,e W.E.T "o$+s. It can (e 6ept as a per1anent record. 30. State the #rin"i#,es o +ein* a+,e to !se a +anana *a!*e or ta9in* 5.E.T. readin*s. When usin' the (anana 'au'e on ferrous 1etal %su(strate) coated with non#ferrous coatin's0 then the E.F.* can (e 1easured with (anana 'au'e. It wor6s on the principle of 1a'netis1. 32. %rie ,- des"ri+e the .ario!s #aint a##,i"ation $ethods and its ,i$itations.
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Brush application2 Brush paintin' is said to achie5e superior wettin' and is the onl! accepta(le wa! to appl! so1e anti corrosi5e pri1ers. Brush 1ar6s leads to areas of low fil1 (uild. 9se of (rush is slow0 and ti1e consu1in'. 8u((in' action of a (rush can (e and additional aid to 'ood adhesion. . (rush of suita(le si:e for the wor6 in hand should alwa!s (e selected0 as a s1all (rush on a lar'e area 1a6es it difficult to appl! an e5en coatin' and slows down the rate of wor6in'0 whilst usin' a lar'e (rush on a narrow area 1a6es accurate wor6in' i1possi(le. 8ollers2 ualit! of roller application depends partl! on the co5erin' or slee5e of the roller and partl! on how conscientious the applicator is. It is not suited for anti#corrosi5e and anti#foulin' paints. Eip#coatin's2 ;aint 1ust ha5e a fast dr!in' ti1e. *he paint in the dippin' tan6 1ust (e stirred continuousl! as the 5iscosit! of the paint is i1portant. 8apid withdrawal fro1 the dip tan6 can cause too thin a coatin'. ;owder /oatin' # Fluid (ed R 3lectrostatic *echni7ue. . fluid (ed is one in which a 1ass of (ro6en up solid is 6ept in a state of a'itation (! 1echanical or other 1eans. Fluid (eds for coatin' purposes consist of finel! powdered pi'1ented resinous solids throu'h which air is (lown to 6eep the particles in 1otion. 3lectrostatic Spra!2 ;aint is spra!ed fro1 a pressure feed tan6 throu'h a fluid hose to the 'un in the usual wa!. .t the sa1e ti1e paint is 'i5en a #5e electrical char'e. .s the electricall! char'ed paint lea5es the 'un0 it ato1i:es and each particle is attracted to an! earthen o(Gect0 in its path i.e. the article (ein' spra!ed. /on5entional spra!in'2 *his in5ol5es usin' a co1pressed air to (oth ato1i:e the paint and to con5e! it to the su(strate. In hi'h pressure0 the paintin' is stored in a pressured container fro1 which lar'e 7uantities can (e deli5ered 7uic6l!. .irless spra!in'2 ;aint supplied (! a h!draulic pu1p is forced at hi'h pressure throu'h a narrow orifice in a tun'sten car(ide no::le. *he pressure is such that the paint is ato1i:ed and carried to the su(strate (! its own 1o1entu1.

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1. PAINT I PAINTING INSPECTION > PAPER 1 %>*as Grade > 1

1. 5es"ri+e the o,,owin* ter$s a) S#,ash =one +) :a"9et ") Caisson Splash :one2 2.5 1t L +2 1t a(o5e the ,...*. Bac6et2 Welded support fra1e of the platfor1 tu(ular. /aisson2 >pen ended pipe that runs fro1 topsides to the sea (otto1. Jas pu1ps and filters to ta6e waste awa!. '. Whi"h stat!tor- instr!$ent do"!$ent re,ates to sa et- or o shore) SI # +09+. *he offshore safet! re'ulation +9=I. (. List the sa et- $eas!res re6!ired or o.er the side wor9in* in des"endin* order o #re eren"e i s"a o,din* is not #ra"ti"a+,e. 3 8ail (arrier Safet! net Safet! (elt line 8escue (oat and radio Full life Gac6et. &. Who is !,ti$ate,- res#onsi+,e or sa et- at o shore)
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>.I.M # >ff shore installation 1ana'er. 0. Na$e o!r de"9s on a #,at or$. Jeli#dec6 Spider#dec6 Erillin'#dec6 /ellar#dec6. 2. Na$e three $aHor dan*ers/ whi"h e1ist when wor9in* o shore) Fallin' o5er(oard0 fire e4plosion and ad5erse weather %'ales R stor1s) 3. Na$e three $ethods o 9ee#in* a #,at or$ in a i1ed #osition. ;ilin'0 se1i su(1ersi(le0 1aterial support0 Gac6et le's0 sea tan6. 4. How are es"a#e ro!tes identi ied on an o shore #,at or$) B! arrows cut out of reflectin' strips and fi4ed on top of the non#s6id desi'nated dec6. Eec6 coatin'2 +00#11 # ;ri1e route0 50#11 # Sea route. What #re"a!tions $!st +e o+ser.ed when +oardin* and tra.e,,in* in he,i"o#ters) .ll as descri(ed in the /..... course which !ou 1ust attend (efore tra5ellin' offshore. 18. How o ten is $edi"a, treat$ent re6!ired or #ersonne, wor9in* o shore) Fro1 the a'es 30 # 390 e5er! 3 !ears. Fro1 the a'es 40 # 500 e5er! 2 !ears. Fro1 the a'e 50 and a(o5e # !earl!. 11. List the essentia, ite$s o ",othin* and e6!i#$ent or an o shore #aintin* ins#e"tor. 8i''ers (oots0 safet! hel1et0 +00M cotton o5eralls0 safet! 'lasses0 and life (elt # Gac6et and weather and paint instru1ents. 1'. What is +rea9er "a#s!,e) . co1pletel! enclosed safet! and rescue (oat for escape.
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7.

1(.

Are #ainters #er$itted to ere"t s"a o,din*) $o. It 1ust (e the wor6 of a 7ualified scaffolder holdin' a /.I.*.B card. ;ainters paint onl!0 (ut the! can refuse to wor6 on the scaffold if the! are not sure of its safet! for their Go( or personnel safet!.

1&.

5es"ri+e the $eanin* o H > 1'8 in re,ation to ire #rote"tion. J # stands for h!drocar(on. +20 stands for the ti1e in 1inutes0 that the fire protection s!ste1 is desi'ned to stop the passa'e of fla1es0 s1o6e0 to allow personnel to escape to safet!.

10.

On what #arts o an o shore str!"t!re are anti> o!,ant "oatin*s a##,ied) Na$e two "o$$on t-#es o to1i" $ateria, !sed in anti> o!,ants. .nti#foulant coatin's are applied on the su(1er'ed and splash :one areas of the sea. >r'anic tin0 cupros#o4ide are two co11on t!pes of to4ic 1aterials used in anti# foulants. Mercur!0 arsenic and lead are not used. Na$e the two t-#es o ire#roo "oatin*s. sa- whi"h t-#e is !sed $ost,- and des"ri+e how it wor9s. /e1entious and Intu1escent are two t!pes of fireproof coatin's. Intu1escent coatin's are the preferred ones for offshore coatin' in h!drocar(on fires and cellulosic fires. *he! swell upto 1an! ti1es their thic6ness thus dela!in' the fire spread upto 200M What a##,i"ation re6!ire$ents are s#e"i ied or the s#ra- a##,i"ation o #aint to ,ar*e s!r a"e areas) *he 1anufacturerOs specification sheets %data) specif! the application re7uire1ents. ,ar'e fan spra!s0 5ertical and hori:ontal parallel passes0 non#or'anic paintin's should o5erlap (! 50M.

12.

13.

14.

Eor whi"h "oated areas is 188K ho,ida- dete"tion re6!ired) Sea(ed and splash :one to the cellar dec6.

17.

a) Einish +,ast ",eanin* $a- +e not "arried o!t/ when) When the dew point is not a(o5e 3c a(o5e the steel te1perature. +) Can +,ast ",eanin* +e "arried o!t at ni*ht) Pes0 (ut 1ust (e finished in the da!li'ht.
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") What standard is s#e"i ied or #ower too, ",eanin*. S*#3. d) Power too, ",eanin* $!st o.er,a# e1istin* "oatin* +- at,east # 5011. e) Coatin*s $!st not +e a##,ied when s!r a"es are ,ess than # 3c a(o5e E;0 when 8J M is a(o5e <5M. 20. a) Coatin*s $!st not "o$e within > 5011 o we,d #re#aration. +) Is it #er$itted to s#ra- #aint ro$ a %OSCNS "hair # no0 (ut (rush application is accepta(le. ") What distan"e and an*,e sho!,d a s#ra- *!n is he,d ro$ the s!r a"e) Eistance # +<U0 450 # I00110 at an an'le of 90.

PAPER '. PAINTING GRA5E 1 (%>*as) > OEESHORE.

1.

What does a Radio$an !, i,,) Je is a loo6 out person. Je 6eeps in three wa! contact durin' and o5er the site operation. Je should also (e on hand where the people are wor6in' in 5essels or enclosed space in offshore. *o su11on help in case of accident in the radio operatorOs office.

'.

What do"!$ent does a #aint ins#e"tor need to 9now to wor9 on o shore) *he offshore safet! re'ulation +9=I SI # +09+.
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Medical certificate0 passport0 life(oat sur5i5al trainin'0 B#'as appro5al. (. Gi.e a ,ist o d!ties an N.R.P. $i*ht #er or$. Inchar'e of desi'nated areas of the platfor1. Issuin' hot and cold per1its. 8ecei5in' co1pleted wor6 per1its0 chec6in' wor6 carried out on per1it. .rea authorit! >.I.M. &. Wh- are areas en"a#s!,ated and *i.e wa-s in whi"h this "o!,d +e done) *o protect instru1ents and fire protection e7uip1entOs durin' (lastin'0 cleanin' and paintin' operations. Eurin' 1aintenance wor60 co1pletel! co5er the areas in plastic sheets or 1as6 off0 for cli1atic or safet! reasons. 0. What #ossi+,e #ro+,e$s wo!,d an ins#e"tor $eet at o shore) a) () c) d) 2. Ji'h chan'e in the weather conditions. 8apid chan'e of tidal conditions. Mo5e1ents of helicopters and (oats. .ccess to wor6 durin' dr!in' ti1es.

How wo!,d an ins#e"tor "o$$!ni"ate with his +oss +a"9 to +a"9) 9suall! 1eet for half an hour or so at the shift chan'e0 if there was a serious pro(le1 to e4plain or lea5e a hand written report for hi1 in his lo'(oo6.

3.

How wo!,d -o! deter$ine that a "ontra"torJs #,ant and e6!i#$ent was sa e to !se) .ll plant e7uip1ent used on offshore 1ust ha5e cali(ration certificates0 1aintenance record details dated and si'ned (! appro5ed a'ent.

4.

Wh- is $as9in* "arried o!t and what areas $i*ht need this) *o protect sensiti5e e7uip1ent %electrical and instru1ents) in particular fro1 da1a'e durin' 1aintenance operation. .lso the pipe wor6 and colour coded sections has to (e 1as6ed off (efore (ein' spra!ed (! different paints to protect areas that are not painted.

7.

Gi.e reasons wh- the s!+$er*ed =one is not a,wa-s "oated.

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Su(1er'ed :one is difficult to paint (ecause of its position. .lso (ecause of water and lac6 of o4!'en present0 the rate of corrosion is not so serious and also sacrificial anodes are used. 18. What are the two wa-s in whi"h *a,.ani=ed s!r a"es "an +e #re#ared +e ore #aintin*) *he two wa!s are0 +) Sweep (last and etch pri1er 2) ;ower tool with 1ordant wash. 11. What is COSHH and what dos it dea, with) /ontrol of su(stances ha:ardous to health re'ulation +9<<. It deals with en5iron1ental safet! in the wor6 place0 sol5ents0 sands0 dust e4cept lead paints0 radiation e4plosi5es0 own re'ulations. 1'. Other than te$#erat!res and RH what "o!,d sto# +,ast ",eanin* ro$ +ein* "arried o!t) Where different t!pes of cleanin' is needed usuall! power or hand cleanin' due to 1aintenance or other t!pe of pro(le1s#weather conditions0 operation or production. 1(. What are the two t-#es o dis+ond$ent) Static test for su(1er'ed coatin's. /!clic test for splash :one coat. 1&. What is the tit,e o CPC > 100 and whi"h is the "!rrent iss!e) *itle #+=5/0 ;aint council#+99< Issue 20 /;/ # co1pan! practices for paint. 10. What do the o,,owin* re er to) ., BS /S /u JS3 ,.* MI> $I SI # # # # # # # # # .lu1iniu1 British standard /ar(on steel copper Jealth safet! en5iron1ent ,owest astrono1ical tide Micaceous iron o4ide $ic6el Statutor! instru1ent
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test/ whi"h are "arried o!t

or "athodi"

SS D$ 12.

# #

Stainless steel Dinc.

What are red!"ed @.O.C. "oatin*s) For &.>./. coatin's pi'1ents carr! 1ore water e1ulsion (inders. It is water (ased. Sol5ents are 'reatl! reduced.

13.

What in or$ation $!st a #aint $an! a"t!rer #rint on a #aint tin) Method of use %(rush or spra!)0 t!pe of paint0 production date0 shelf life0 confir1ati5e with B#'as specification are the thin's that should (e printed on a paint tin.

14.

What res!,ts $!st +e #!+,ished +- a #aint $an! a"t!rer re*ardin* the 6!a,ities o his #aints)

*he followin' are the results that ha5e to (e pu(lished (! the 1anufacturer. /o1position %pi'1ent0 (inder R 5olatiles) ManufacturerOs na1e ;roduct description &olu1e of solids &iscosit! >pacit! /o5erin' power %'loss) .(rasion resistant I1pact resistant Eensit! and adhesion. 17. What in or$ation does the #aint $an! a"t!rer ha.e to s!##,- to the "ontra"tor) Material data sheets0 health and safet! infor1ation re'ardin' the products. '8. Who is res#onsi+,e or "hoosin* a #aint s-ste$ or !se on a #arti"!,ar Ho+) *he contractor usin' ran'e of appro5ed B#'as paint s!ste1s. '1. What are the two %S "odes !sed in "onne"tion with "o,o!r s"hed!,es) BS 4<00 and BS 5252.

''.

What $!st ha##en to an- we,d s#,atter whi"h was not re$o.ed d!rin* the a+ri"ation #ro"ess) It 1ust (e 'round of flush (! the (est 1echanical 1eans.
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'(.

What sha,, s!r a"es +e ree ro$ +e ore #aintin*) Surfaces shall (e free fro1 dust0 1oisture0 oil and 'rease and other conta1inants.

'&.

How sha,, hea.- or $eta,,i" #i*$ent +e 9e#t in s!s#ension when a##,-in* #aint) .uto1atic stirrer0 air or power operated in the paint pot durin' application and constantl! in 1otion can 6eep it in suspension.

'0.

What sha,, dr-in*I"!rin* #eriods "o$#,- with #aintin*) It shall co1pl! with 1anufacturerOs data sheets.

'2.

What is a stri#e "oat) It is a (rush#applied coat to the weld areas to 1a6e sure that the proper E.F.* is attained. It is an e4tra coat to welds and ed'es.

'3.

5es"ri+e how test #ane,s are #re#ared and #ainted and what is their #!r#ose. *est panels are (lasted to Sa 3 standard0 then accordin' to test re7uired instructions. For rust 'rade after (lastin' it is left in the at1osphere for 2 # 3 1onths. *est panels are then dipped in seawater. Er! for 2 or 3 1inutes0 then coat.

'4.

What t-#e o "o$#onents "o$es !nder identi i"ation $ar9in* o #aints) 8eflecti5e plastic strips.

'7.

How do -o! de"ide what *rade o #re#aration needs to +e "arried o!t) Eepends on the desi'n life.

(8.

When wet +,astin*/ what wi,, -o! to areas ,i9e,- to +e a e"ted +- water and a+rasi.e "onta$ination) Securel! 1as6 off.

(1.

When "an a +r!sh +e !sed to a##,- #aint or o shore str!"t!res) In repair 1aintenance when it is i1practica(le to use airless.

('.

I %>*as de"ide to ins#e"t wor9 +ein* "arried o!t what $!st not ha##en)
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.ll other wor6 1ust (e stopped. ((. When are destr!"ti.e tests !s!a,,- "arried o!t) If there is a pro(le1 in 1aintenance paint or test panels. (&. Who ad.ises o the .o,ta*e to +e !sed when ho,ida- dete"tion tests are +ein* "arried o!t) .s per specification # 5 5olts per 1icron or as per the en'ineer of the paint 1anufacturer. (0. What is the #ro"ed!re or re"ti -in* "oatin*s/ whi"h ha.e an inade6!ate thi"9ness) 8u( down with sandpaper and (low the1 down. .ppl! 1ist coat to (rin' up the re7uired E.F.*. (2. What do"!$ent sho!,d +e !sed as a re eren"e or the #ro"ed!res to re$o.e "onta$ination ro$ a s!r a"e) BS =0=9. (3. What t-#e o ris9 assess$ents are ,oo9ed or when !nderta9in* a ",eanin* and #aintin* #ro"ed!re) +. 2. 3. 4. (4. Jow safe is the area. Ean'er # Jealth and safet!. />SJJ. $eed of cli1ate conditions and li'htin'.

Who is res#onsi+,e or the trainin* o #ersonne, to wor9 o shore) *he contractor 1ust arran'e for his people to (e trained.

(7.

What are the re6!ire$ents or Jo.ersideJ wor9in*) 3 (ar rail0 scaffolds0 (oard toes0 safet! net0 safet! line0 life (elt0 (oat with radio contact.

&8.

What thin*s $i*ht -o! note when "arr-in* o!t .is!a, ins#e"tion or > a) ;reparation procedures2 /orrect procedure0 condition of su(strate i.e. free fro1 conta1inants0 scaffoldin' re7uire1ent0 (lastin' e7uip1entOs0 chec6s for air
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purit!0 o(ser5ation of ro'ue pea6s i.e. une5en a1plitude0 hi'h points should (e a(raded. () ;aintin' procedures2 /orrect usa'e of paints as re7uired (! the specification0 colours0 5isual chec6 for an! s6innin' or Gellin' of paint0 whether tin is sealed (efore first use0 shelf life0 pot life0 paint 1i4in' ratios and appropriate thinner 7uantit! added to the paint0 5isual o(ser5ation of the paint s!ste1 for an! paint defects. c) /leanin' up of area of operations2 8e1o5al of paint de(ris and disposed as per local rules0 donOt fire.

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PAPER > (. (%>*as/ Paintin* Grade 1) COATINGS

1.

Gi.e as $!"h in or$ation as -o! "an or the o,,owin* s!r a"es #re#aration and #aint s-ste$s. a) Internal surfaces of pota(le water tan6s2 J.S./. should (e coated to Sa 3. Blast 1edia 1ust (e re1o5ed. Industrial 5acuu1 cleaners are 5er! 'ood and 7uic6. .ll welds 1ust (e strip coated. .ppl! 3#coat s!ste1 %as reco11ended (! data sheets). It 1ust (e +00M holida! detected (! wet spon'e 1ethod. It should ha5e 300 1icrons d.f.t hi'h (uild epo4!. () Materials operatin' at ele5ated te1perature2 It should (e (last cleaned to Sa 3. It 1ust ha5e a pro5en trac6 record li6e inor'anic :inc silicate and 1odified silicone sealers0 pol! silo4ene. c) /oatin' desi'ned for li5in' 7uarters and how the! wor62 Intu1escent to 200c. *he! swell up to 1an! ti1es there own thic6ness and the wire 1esh screen holds the1 to'ether as the coatin' turns to a car(onaceous char. .lso the! should (e rated ..I0 or J.+20 d) Splash :one coatin's2 It should (e (lasted to Sa 2 +-2. .s per 1anufacture specification0 1ostl! coal tar epo4! or 'lass fla6es are used. It 1ust (e +00M holida! detected0 sweep (lasted and then tie coat to (e carried out. e) /opper0 nic6el0 alu1iniu10 and other nonferrous surfaces2 Most nonferrous 1etals are usuall! not coated e4cept for cos1etic and colour codin'. .lu1iniu1 is used in the co1position of so1e coatin'0 and in sacrificial anodes. Jand e1er! %(rade)0 white spirit for cleanin'0 appl! acr!lic urethane coat upto =0 1icrons d.f.t. f) Jelidec6s2 Jeli dec6s are (lasted and coated usin' non spar6 and non 1etal a(rasi5es and paints. .lu1 surface preparation Sa 2 +-2 li6e appearance. Maintenance (! wire (rushin'0 :inc rich epo4!0 2 pac6 epo4!0 tie coat0 (au4 epo4! %pol!a1ide) ') Instru1ents - electrical e7uip1entOs2 It should (e 1as6ed off to protect the1 fro1 the preparation and paintin' operations. Surface preparation to St 30 hand a(rade0 acr!lic coat to 200 1icrons d.f.t. h) Su(1er'ed :one2 It can (e painted usin' paint s!ste1 that can (e cured under water. *he! 1a! (e unpainted0 as this area is a slow corrosion area. Eue to low o4!'en 0 coal tar epo4! as that of splash :one can (e applied.
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i) *op side 1aintenance2 >perations to (e carried out (! power cleanin' to St 3. .ppl! alu1 epo4! pri1er. Mostl! hand cleanin' preparations onl! carried out. Brush applied coatin' with urethane acr!lic upto =0 1icrons d.f.t. G) Fal5ani:ed steel structures2 Sweep (last and appl!. ;ower wire (rush # appl! two da1a'ed areas0 epo4! 1astic chlorinated resin. 6) ;ipeline riser in the splash :one2 It should (e coated sa1e as all other steel wor6 in that :one. l) Eec6 coatin's2 It should (e non#slip escape s!ste1. >5er the top coatin' screened coat and seeler should (e applied. 3#pac6 copol!1er is applied 2#411

PAPER > &. PAINTING GRA5E 1 (%>*as)

1.

What do -o! !nderstand +- the o,,owin* ter$s) a) ,...*2 ,owest astrono1ical tide. () 3le5ation2 Side 5iew of a platfor1 accordin' to l.a.t. c) Splash :one2 It has a di1ensioned area. $o other dec6 has this. It is #2.5 Mts. to L+2 Mts. of the l.a.t.

'.

Whi"h stat!tor- instr!$ent do"!$ent re,ates to sa et- at o shore) S+ # +0+9

(.

What are the re6!ire$ents or ins#e"tin* s"a o,din* !sed at o shore) It 1ust (e inspected (! co1petent 7ualified personnel onl!0 e5er! se5en da!s and alwa!s after ad5erse weather.

&.

How is sa e s"a o,din* identi ied) B! the colour0 'reen ta'.

0.

List the sa et- $eas!res re6!ired or o.er the side wor9in* in des"endin* order o #re eren"e i s"a o,din* is not #ra"ti"a+,e. Safet! nets0 safet! (elt line and life Gac6et.

2.

Na$e two t-#es o #er$it to wor9 and *i.e an e1a$#,e on ea"h. Jot2 .ll power dri5en tools0 (lastin' and spra!in' e7uip1ents. /old2 Wor6in' at hei'hts0 ru((in' down0 house 6eepin'.
;a'e =+ of <5

3.

What do"!$entation is re6!ired #rior to enterin* a .esse, at o shore) . per1it 1a! (e re7uired o5er and a(o5e the hot or cold ones issued (! a co1petent person to chec6 whether o4!'en is in e4cess of 20M. . stand (! person at the entr!0 H9 sniffer to deter1ine e4plosion le5els0 M.3.,0 >.3.,. are also re7uired (efore enterin' a 5essel.

4. 7. 18.

Who is !,ti$ate,- res#onsi+,e or sa et- at o shore) >.I.M.I.> Are dri,,in* $!ds a"idi" or a,9a,ine) .l6aline. Na$e three de"9s/ whi"h are $ain at o shore #,at or$s. Splash dec60 at1ospheric dec6 and topsides dec6.

11.

5es"ri+e the o,,owin* areas on an o shore #,at or$. Bac6et2 It is the support structure of a platfor1. /aissons2 >pen pipe wor6 with pu1ps and filters. /onductor2 Boins riser pipelines to topside pipe wor6.

1'.

What sho!,d -o! do i$$ediate,- a ter arri.in* on an o shore #,at or$) Boo6 in and attend safet! (riefin'.

1(.

How are o shore #,at or$s identi ied) It is identified (! operatorOs na1e0 na1e of oil or 'as field. ,etter desi'nation si'n is (lac6 and !ellow in colour.

1&.

List three sa et- "onsiderations or a,, o shore wor9ers wor9in* on a #rod!"tion #,at or$.

10.

Who iss!es wor9 #er$its) $o1inated responsi(le person.

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12.

Eor how ,on* $!st a #erson wor9 o shore +e ore o shore s!r.i.a, trainin* +e"o$es "o$#!,sor-) . 5isitor who 5isits a platfor1 does not sta! o5erni'ht0 for not 1ore than four ti1es a !ear and 1ust re'ister his 5isit e5er! ti1e on the ri'. How o ten is a $edi"a, "he"9 re6!ired or #ersonne, wor9in* at o shore) Below 40 !ears # 3 !ears Between 40 # 50 !ears # 2 !ears >5er 50 !ears # !earl!.

13.

14.

How are es"a#e ro!tes identi ied on an o shore #,at or$) B! reflecti5e strips0 (! arrows o5er the specified dec6 coat0 pri1ar! routes #+00Mts0 secondar! routes # 50 Mts. Na$e three $ethods o 9ee#in* a #,at or$ in i1ed #osition) Steel pilin'0 Matt support and sea tan6er.

17.

'8.

What #re"a!tions sho!,d +e o+ser.ed when +oardin* and tra.e,,in* in he,i"o#ter) .s reco11ended (! the /.....

'1.

List the essentia, ite$s o e6!i#$ent and ",othin* or an o shore #aintin* ins#e"tor +00M cotton o5eralls0 ri''er (oots0 safet! hel1ets0 safet! 'lasses0 'lo5es0 life Gac6et and safet! suit are the e7uip1entOs re7uired for the inspector.

''.

Edd- "!rrent #aint thi"9ness $etres and e,e"tri"a, ther$o$etrs $a- not +e a,,owed at o shore/ wh-) ;ossi(ilit! of spar6 fro1 (atteries is the reason for not allowin' the a(o5e said 1eters.

'(.

E1#,ain the o,,owin* ter$Js #,at or$/ $od!,e and Ha"9et. ;latfor12 Structures fro1 where operations0 drillin' and production start at offshore. Module2 ,ar'e (o4es which contain acco11odation and co1pressor etc.0 Bac6et2 It is the support structure of a platfor1.

'&.

Whi"h do"!$ents are -o! re6!ired to ha.e +e ore +oardin* a he,i"o#ter to *o

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o shore) /..... course certificate0 (oardin' card0 1edical certificate0 safet! sur5i5al certificate and passport. '0. What is the a++re.iation or O.I.?) >ffshore installation 1ana'er. '2. What is the station +i,,) It is the notice (oard located outside the radio officerOs office. '3. What $!st +e worn +e,ow the "e,,ar de"9) . sur5i5al suit and a full life Gac6et. '4. In an e$er*en"- what is the di eren"e +etween an inter$ittent siren and a ,ashin* ,i*ht/ and a "ontin!o!s siren and a red ,i*ht) Inter1ittent siren and flashli'ht prepare to a(andon ri'0 whereas continuous siren and red li'ht indicates to a(andon ri'. '7. What is +r!"9er "a#s!,e) It is an escape 5essel. It is a full! co5ered life(oat. (8. What are the #ro+,e$s asso"iated with the #re#aration and #aintin* o he,ide"9s and/ s#,ash and tida, =ones) ;ro(le1s associated are weather conditions0 li1ited ti1e factors0 air traffic and tide le5els. (1. When wo!,d he,ide"9s/ tida, and s#,ash =ones are #ainted) *he! will (e painted when there is low tides and when there is no helicopter acti5it! and in da! li'ht wor6in' onl!. ('. What "onsiderations sho!,d +e *i.en to s"a o,din* in the s#,ash =one) 8e1o5al of (oards after wor6 as the tides will wash awa! loose (oards. It should (e chec6ed re'ularl!.
;a'e =4 of <5

((.

Wh- are ri**er +oots worn at o shore) It is resistant to oils and 6ic6ed of 7uic6l!.

(&.

Wh- are n-,on o.era,,s !s!a,,- #rohi+ited) Eue to static electricit! which can occur. *he! 1a! also 1elt.

(0.

5es"ri+e three $ethods or i1in* a #,at or$ in #osition. Steel pilin'0 1att support and sea tan6s are the three 1ethods.

(2.

What is derri"9 ,a- +ar*e) It is a 5essel for la!in' offshore oil and 'as pipelines and settin' topsides0 risers and for pilin' of Gac6ets.

(3.

Where on #,at or$ is the s#ider de"9) It is the lowest dec6. Splash :one wal6wa! (etween (races and conductors.

(4.

Who is a stand+- $an or radio$an) Je is a person used in the 5essel or near enclosed spaces in cases of e1er'enc!. Je 1ust (e alwa!s present in person and on the loo6 out. 8adio1an # he is a 3 wa! contact0 hi1self0 wor6 tea1 and stand(! (oat.

(7.

How is a #aint a##,i"ation e6!i#$ent earthed or !se at o shore) Blast cleanin' and spra! e7uip1ent shall (e continuousl! electricall! (onded fro1 no::le to the surface (ein' painted and (ac6ward fro1 no::le to the co1pressor0 which shall (e earthed.

&8

What is the $ini$!$ ,en*th o no==,e or wet +,astin* at o shore) >ne 1etre lon'.

&1.

Na$e three t-#es o o!,ant) .ni1als0 plant and 1icro#or'anis1.

&'.

5es"ri+e the $eanin* o H>1'8 in re,ation to ire #rote"tion.

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J # J!drocar(on and +20 1inutes is the ti1e for the fire proof0 which is re7uired to protect !ou. &(. What is HP I A o a str!"t!ra, $e$+er) It is the ratio of the heated pre1ier of the steel to its cross#sectional area. &&. Na$e the two $aHor t-#es o ire#roo "oatin*s. +. /e1entious 2. Intu1esceen Intu1escent. &0. 5es"ri+e a t-#i"a, $ethod !sed to 9ee# a .er- thi"9 ire #roo "oatin* adhered on to a stee, s!+strate. . t!pical 1ethod is (! the use of wire nettin' %reinforced)0 pinned to the su(strate (! weldin'. &2. Na$e o!r t-#es o anti> o!,in* "oatin*s and +rie ,- des"ri+e how the- wor9. +. Solu(le 1atri4 t!pe2 Water#solu(le (inder0 release of resins. 2. /ontact insolu(le 1atri4 t!pe2 Insolu(le (inder0 release of cuprous o4ide. 3. Eiffusion t!pe2 /hlorinated ru((er or 5in!l (inder releases or'anic sol5ents and diffuses out. 4. Wash off or self polish t!pe2 /opol!1erised acr!lic (inder. 3rosion washes off. It is used in offshore structures. On what #arts o an o shore str!"t!re are anti> o!,ants a##,ied) Su( and splash :one le's and upto ei'ht 1etres of the ,...*. &4. Na$e two "o$$on t-#es o to1i" $ateria, !sed in anti> o!,ants. /uprous o4ide0 or'anotin0 1ercur! arsenic # restricted use. &7. Na$e o!r en.iron$enta, a"tors that wi,, *o.ern the e e"ti.e ,i e o an anti> o!,in* "oatin*. +. 2. 3. 4. 08. Wa5e speed Ji'h salinit! of water Water te1perature erosion Ji'h pJ le5els

&3.

What do -o! !nderstand +- an en"a#s!,ated area at o shore) *he area is full! enclosed wor6in' area usuall! for safet! or cli1ate.
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01.

What t-#e o ire #roo "oatin* swe,,s !# when it rea"hes hi*h te$#erat!re o '88 ") Intu1escent.

0'.

Na$e o!r "onsiderations or se,e"tin* the thi"9ness o a s#e"i i" ire #roo "oatin* or #rote"tin* str!"t!ra, stee,. +. 2. 3. 4. *!pe of fire Euration of protection J - ;. of the structural for1ation *he critical te1perature of the steel %400c is 1ost co11on)

0(.

How do "e,,!,osi" ires di er ro$ h-dro"ar+on ires) J!drocar(ons are fuel (! oils or 'ases. /ellulosic fires ta6e lon'er ti1e to reach their 1a4i1u1 te1perature. %Ji'h ther1al shoc6#+250c0 short ti1e)

0&.

Na$e i.e wa-s a ire #rote"ti.e "oatin* "an ins!,ate ro$ ire. +. . ther1all! insulatin' la!er 2. . (arrier to e4clude o4!'en fro1 the co1(ustion surface 3. *he for1ation of a heat resistant and non co1(ust la!er 4. *he e5olution of non co1(ust 'ases or water to 7uench the fla1es 5. *he re1o5al of a fire attached outer surface to re5eal a cooler surface.

00.

What t-#e o ire #roo "oatin* is "!rrent,- in a.o!r or !se at o shore) Intu1escent.

02.

How are anti> o!,in* "oatin*s a##,ied) It is usuall! applied (! airless spra!.

03.

The %>*as dra t s#e"i i"ation entit,ed J S#e"i i"ation or #aintin* and "oatin* o o shore str!"t!res re,ated e6!i#$ent #ro#erties and #er or$an"e o #aints and "oatin*sJ is the > %G I OS I PS I 1'82 How is the s#,ash =one de ined)

04.

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Splash :one has a di1ension in area. $o other dec6 has this di1ension. It is #2.5 Mts. to L+2 Mts. of the ,...*. 07. Are "o##er ni"9e, s!r a"es #ainted) I so dis"!ss the reasons or #aintin* the$. Pes0 copper nic6el surfaces are painted0 for colour codin' and cos1etic coatin' on pipe wor6. 28. Whose res#onsi+i,it- is it to #ro.ide !# to date data and #rod!"t sa et- sheets or the #aints I "oatin*s and so,.ents !sed on the "ontra"t) /oatin' 1anufacturers. 21. What is the $ini$!$ s!r a"e #re#aration standard or interna, "oatin* on "aissons) S. 3. What is the a$#,it!de ran*e re6!ired or +,ast ",eaned s!r a"es) 50 # =5 1icrons. Eor what distan"e $!st s!r a"e #re#aration o.er,a# onto adHa"ent #ainted areas. 50 11. What s!r a"e #re#aration $ethod is !sed within one ho!r o a+rasi.e wet +,astin*) ;ri1er coated0 pressure washed with fresh pota(le water. 20. Is it #er$issi+,e to !se inhi+itors or wet +,astin*) $o. *he! can lea5e a deposit on the surface. 22. What is the te$#erat!re/ dew #oint and re,ati.e h!$idit- restri"tion or inish +,astin*) Eew point should (e a(o5e 3c a(o5e the su(strate te1perature. 8J should not (e hi'her than <5M. 23. Is +,ast ",eanin* #er$itted at ni*ht) Pes0 (ut the Go( 1ust (e finished in 1ornin' da!li'ht.
;a'e =< of <5

2'. 2(.

2&.

24.

What t-#e o ",eanin* is nor$a,,- s#e"i ied or re#air and $aintenan"e wor9 and to what *rade) Wire (rushin' to St 3.

27.

Are #ower i$#a"t too,s #er$itted) In special occasions (! a'ree1ent (! B#'as en'ineer. When other 1ethods are not suita(le follow (! (rushin' to St3.

38.

Is it #er$issi+,e to #aint with non>$oist!re to,eran"e s-ste$ i the air te$#erat!re is 1( "/ the $eta, s!r a"e is 1' " and the dew #oint is 7 ") $o. Eew point is less than 3c of the 1etal su(strate. It should (e o5er three de'rees. 8J M is not 6nown. Manufacturer reco11endations are to (e followed.

31.

Is it #er$issi+,e to a##,- #aints ro$ a sin*,e %os!ns "hair) Pes. $ot to (e spra! applied. Brush application onl! is allowed.

3'.

What a##,i"ation re6!ire$ents are s#e"i ied or the s#ra- a##,i"ation o #aint to ,ar*e s!r a"e area) B! airless spra! followin' 1anufacturers instructions. 9nifor1 parallel passes ha5e to (e followed.

3(.

Na$e si1 areas on the o shore str!"t!re that $!st ha.e "oatin*s a##,ied >%S3'7. Fratin's0 ladders0 ca'es0 handrails0 standard wal6wa!s0 6ic6 plates and duct wor6.

3&.

Can stain,ess stee, s!r a"es +e #ainted) I so dis"!ss the reasons or #aintin* the$. Pes0 the! can (e painted0 if the area is under insulation to pre5ent chloride# insti'ated corrosion and for protection fro1 heat. Whi"h #ro"ed!re wo!,d ta9e #re"eden"e i there is a "on ,i"t +etween the #roHe"t s#e"i i"ation and the 1' > 82 I A. +2 # 0I - B0 proGect specification ta6es precedence.

30.

32.

5oes the %>*as ins#e"tor has the ri*ht to "he"9 s"a o,din*)
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Pes0 (ut cannot appro5e. 33. Can a!thori=ation or o.er "oatin* +e *i.en .er+a,,- +- the %>*as ins#e"tor) Pes0 (ut has to put it in writin' later. 34. How are #ainted s!r a"es/ da$a*ed to +are stee, d!rin* transistor insta,,ation/ #re#ared #rior to re#air) ;reparations prior to repair are0 repair it to ori'inal s!ste1. 34tend 50 11 onto sound coat i.e. use sa1e (last standard0 pri1e inter1ediate and topcoats to sa1e E.F.*Os. 37. How are a$#,it!des o +,asted s!r a"es "he"9ed I $eas!red) B! usin' teste4 tape R 1icro1eter0 (! profile 'au'e0 surface needle 'au'e. 48. How are 5.E.TJs $eas!red) *he! are 1easured with an elco1eter t!pe0 dr! fil1 'au'e called 1a'netic (anana 'au'e. 34cept for M.I.>. where W.F.*. to calculate E.F.*. is &s 4 WF* I$ 41. Eor whi"h "oatin*s is 188K ho,ida- dete"tion s#e"i ied) For all coatin's fro1 (elow cellar to sea(ed0 coal tar epo4!0 'lass fla6e epo4! and pol! silo4ane. 4'. How are adhesion tests "arried o!t) B! K # cut0 cross hatch or doll! test. 4(. 4&. How $an- "oats o anti> o!,in* #aint are a##,ied to s#e"i ied areas) *hree to four coats after tie#coat. What #aint I "oatin* s-ste$ is s#e"i ied or s#,ash =ones and to what thi"9ness) /oal tar epo4! # 200 1icrons0 epo4! pri1er # 30 1icrons0 total I30 # 1icrons. Flass fla6e epo4! # 2 4 250 1icrons0 epo4! pri1er # 30 1icrons0 total # 530 1icrons. 5is"!ss the !,, s-ste$ ro$ dr- +,ast #re#aration to ind "oat/ or "oatin* the !nderside o a "e,,!,ar de"9 onshore.
;a'e <0 of <5

40.

Blast clean to Sa 2 +-20 :inc rich epo4! pri1er # tie coat0 then 3 coats of hi'h (uild epo4!. 42. What t-#e o #ri$er is to +e !sed on the !nderside o a "e,,ar de"9 i wire +r!shin* is !sed instead o +,astin*) Ji'h solids alu1iniu1 epo4!. 43. What "oatin* s-ste$ is s#e"i ied or "ond!"tors) /oal tar epo4! # sa1e coatin' as in the :one. 44. What "oatin* s-ste$ s s#e"i ied or interna,,- "oatin* "aissons) Sa 3 # (lastin' 'lass fla6e0 epo4! pol!ester # 2 11. 47. How are es"a#e ro!tes to +e identi ied) B! arrows 1ade fro1 reflecti5e strips. 78. Eor what a##,i"ation is hea.->d!t- s"reed s#e"i ied) Jea5! dut! dec6 areas0 1aGor wear0 non#s6id areas0 copol!1ers screed0 escape route0 helidec60 s6id dec6 and drill dec6. 71. What inish "oat is s#e"i ied or the to#side =one and wh-) 9ltra5iolet0 urethane acr!lics are the finish coats specified. It has 'ood resistance0 'loss retention0 easil! cleared and stron' (inder i1per1ea(le. 7'. Is the #aintin* o *a,.ani=ed s!r a"es s#e"i ied) 5is"!ss. Pes. Because the hot dip surfaces 1ust (e in co1pliance with BS =29 also there are s!ste1s for >-coatin' 'al5ani:ed ite1s and the repair of da1a'ed 'al5ani:ed areas (! epo4! 1astics. /olour code to (e 'i5en. 7(. What t-#e o s!r a"e #re#aration is s#e"i ied i it is ne"essar- to "oat C!>Ni or Ni a,,o-s) *he surface has to (e de'reased0 li'htl! a(raded and washed with fresh water and dried. /oat with urethane or epo4! etch pri1er onl! on alu1iniu1. Eo not (last clean.
;a'e <+ of <5

7&.

Eor what a##,i"ation $a- =in" si,i"ate with a sea,er +e s#e"i ied) .t1ospheres at hi'h ele5ated te1perature +2+c to 350c0 flare stac6s0 tur(ine e4hausts and as per 1anufacturerOs specification.

70.

How are da$a*ed "oatin*s #re#ared and re#aired when the- ha.e not e1#osed the $eta, s!r a"e) Ea1a'ed coatin's should (e suita(l! cleaned and cha1fered to ensure patch coatin' is continuous. *he (uild up is to (e upto the specified thic6ness and s!ste1s.

72. 73.

Coatin* $!st not "o$e within i t- $$ or #re#arin* we,ds. What is ins!,ation !sed or) It is used for conser5in' heat0 cold0 for personnel protection0 frost and anti# condensation.

74.

Na$e the three *enera, t-#es o $ateria,s !sed in an ins!,ation s-ste$. /alciu1 silicate0 roc6 wool0 e4panded perlite and 1odified sla' wool.

77.

Whi"h %>*as s#e"i i"ation a##,ies to a"o!sti" ",addin*) BF/ # ;S # ;W /+

188.

What is the ai$ o a"o!sti" ",addin*) Its 1ain ai1 is to cut down noise le5el (! +0 # 20 deci(els.

181. 18'. 18(.

What is the t-#i"a, thi"9ness or a"o!sti" ",addin*) 50 # +00 11. What is the $eta, Ha"9et "o$#osed or a"o!sti" ",addin*) .lu1iniu1 allo!0 'al5ani:ed 1ild steel. What is the ins!,ation +andin* $ade ro$) Metallic and non#1etallic (andin' 1ust (e 1ade fro1 the sa1e 1aterial as that of the Gac6et.

18&.

What are the re6!ire$ents or $asti" sea,ant and r!++er or neo#rene +eddin*
;a'e <2 of <5

stri#s) It 1ust (e suita(le for use at te1perature (etween #20c to L50c and in rare occasion upto <0c. 180. What are n!ts/ +o,ts and washers $ade ro$) *he! are 1ade of either stainless steel or :inc coated 1ild steel. 182. What are the o!r +asi" o#erations or a##,-in* a"o!sti" ",addin*) +. 2. 3. 4. 183. ;reparation Insulation and fi4in' 8epeat insulation and fi4in' if re7uired Metal claddin' and fi4in'.

What is the $ini$!$ o.er,a# or the $eta, Ha"9et on to itse, ) 25 11.

184.

What a"tion is ta9en when ",addin* rea"hes a +ran"h #i#e) . clearance of I 11 is 1aintained and 1astic filled.

187.

Whi"h s#e"i i"ation a##,ies to ther$a, ins!,ation) BF/ # ;S # ;W /2.

118.

What is .er$i"!,ite) &er1iculite is a loose 'ranular fill t!pe of insulation.

111.

Na$e si1 $ateria,s that "o!,d +e !sed or ther$a, ins!,ation. Foa1ed 'lass0 roc6 wool0 1odified sla' wool0 e4panded perlite0 calciu1 silicate and phenolic foa1 %not to (e used in (uildin's).

11'.

What tota, thi"9ness "o!,d +e s#e"i ied or ther$a, ins!,ation) Between 50 # +00 11 and in certain case upto 400 11.

11(.

Eor what a##,i"ation are .a#o!r sea,s !sed) It is used for cr!o'enic application.
;a'e <3 of <5

11&.

What t-#e o $eta, ",addin* is !sed or ther$a, ins!,ation) 3ither alu1iniu1 allo! or 'al5ani:ed 1ild steel sheetin' where 'reater ri'idit! is needed. What is an a,ternati.e to $eta, ",addin* or ther$a, ins!,ation) Self#settin' ce1ent0 'lass cloth and hard settin' co1position. Na$e si1 +indin* $ateria,s !sed or ther$a, ins!,ation. Wire nettin'0 (indin' wire0 self tapin' screws0 (indin' tape0 nuts and (olts and adhesi5e Goint sealant.

110. 112.

113.

List o!r +asi" o#erations or a##,-in* ins!,ation or heat "onser.ation and #rote"tion) ;reparations repeat insulation and fi4in' if re7uired0 1etal claddin' and fi4in' or self#settin' or hard settin' ce1ent.

114.

List the i.e +asi" o#erations or a##,-in* ins!,ation or "o,d "onser.ation and "r-o*eni" ser.i"e. Sta''er insulation0 first la!er of 5apour sealin' co1pound0 scru1 cloth e1(edded in first sealin'0 second la!er of seal then claddin' and (andin' seal0 5apour seal and 1etal claddin' are the fi5e (asic operations.

117.

How re6!ent,- is +indin* wire !sed when ins!,atin* #i#e wor9s) .t +50 11 inter5als.

1'8.

How re6!ent,- are i1in* +ands !sed on e6!i#$ent) 300 11.

1'1.

How re6!ent,- are i1in* +ands !sed on $eta, ",addin*) 450 11.

1''.

What is the $ini$!$ $eta, ",addin* o.er,a# on #i#es *reater than &8>$$ dia$eter) =5 11.

1'(.

Where is anti>a+rasi.e "o$#o!nd !sed)

;a'e <4 of <5

For fi4in' 1aterial. 1'&. What is the te$#erat!re ran*e a##,i"a+,e to the %>*as s#e"i i"ation or ther$a, ins!,ation) # 200c to L +000c

;a'e <5 of <5