63. A A meteoroid meteoroid the size of a truck enters the Earths atmos63. phere at at a speed of 20.

0 km/s and is not signicantly phere slowed before entering the ocean. (a) What is the Mach slowed angle of of the shock wave from the meteoroid in the angle atmosphere? (Use 331 m/s as the sound speed.) atmosphere? PHYS 211 (b) Assuming Assuming that the meteoroid survives the impact (b) Department of Physics with the the ocean surface, what is the (initial) Mach angle with Bilkent University of the the shock shock wave that the meteoroid produces in the of water? (Use the wave speed for sea water given in water? Table 17.1.) 17.1.) Table ! ! !a longitudinal Your (compressional) ID Number :! wave !of wave- ! Due Date : 16.10.12 64. Consider Consider 64. length traveling with speed v along the x direction length ut ofa acertain certainpublic public address speaker is is Consider a longitudinal (compressional) wave a ofmedium wave-length ! traveling with speed v along the x direction through a medium t of address speaker through of the through of density . The displacement itbroadcasts broadcastsequally equally in all directions. it in all directions. molecules of the medium from their equilibrium posiof density ". The displacement of themolecules molecules of the medium from their equilibrium position is distancefrom fromthe the speaker speaker would would the the distance tion is is tion lto tothe theear? ear?(b) (b)At At what what distance distance from from s s max max sin(kx t ) dthe thesound soundbe bebarely barely audible? audible? d higheraltitude altitudeat at a a constant constant speed speed of of Show that that the pressure variation in the medium is given higher Show Show that the pressure irectionthat thatmakes makes an angle with the thevariation in the bymedium is given by rection an angle with by 2 P17.60).An Anobserver observer on on the the ground ground P17.60). 2v 2 P s max the rsttime timewhen when it it is is directly directly overovermax cos(kx t ) he rst ethe thevalue valueof of if ifthe the speed speed of of sound sound in in 65. By By proper proper excitation, it is possible to produce both lonWEB 65. WEB gitudinal and transverse waves in a long metal rod. A gitudinal particular metal rod is 150 cm long and has a radius of particular 0.200 cm cm and a mass of 50.9 g. Youngs modulus for the 0.200 10 N/m2 2. What must the tension in material is 6.80 1010 material the rod rod be if the ratio of the speed of longitudinal waves the to the the speed speed of transverse waves is 8.00? to 66. An An interstate interstate highway has been built through a neigh66. borhood in a city. In the afternoon, the sound level in a borhood rented room is 80.0 dB as 100 cars per minute pass outrented side the the window. Late at night, the trafc ow on the side freeway is only ve cars per minute. What is the average freeway late-night sound level in the room? late-night

tothe theeast eastand andto to the the west west of of the the to hat would be the wavelength in air of of hat would be the wavelength in air fthe thepolice policecar carwere were at at rest? rest? (c) (c) What What hin infront frontof ofthe thecar? car? (d) (d) What What is is the the nd thepolice policecar? car? (e) (e) What What frequency frequency d the river beingchased? chased? iver being given asharp sharpcompressional compressional blow blow at at one one ven a ofthe theblow, blow,traveling traveling through through air air at at of oppositeend endof ofthe the bar bar 6.40 6.40 ms ms later later opposite ransmitted through the the metal metal of of the the ansmitted through engthof ofthe thebar? bar? (Refer to Table Table Your Name : ! ! ength (Refer to

Homework 3

FigureP17.60 P17.60 Figure

oving alonga aline line due due east. east. The The trailing trailing ving along dof of64.0 64.0km/h km/hrelative relative to to a a land-based land-based d nt, andthe theleading leading ship ship has has a a speed speed of of t, and ve tothat thatpoint. point.The The two two ships ships are are in in a a e to ean wherethe thecurrent current is is moving moving uniunian where at 10.0km/h. km/h.The The trailing trailing ship ship transtranst 10.0 alat ata afrequency frequencyof of 1 1 200.0 200.0 Hz. Hz. What What al nitored bythe theleading leading ship? ship? (Use (Use itored by speedof ofsound soundin in ocean ocean water.) water.) speed ngenerates generatesa asound sound with with intensity intensity level level n ere justoutside outsideit, it, when when consuming consuming re just r.Find Findthe thefraction fraction of of this this power power that that r. theenergy energyof ofsound sound waves. waves. Assume Assume the of theoven ovenare are40.0 40.0 cm cm 40.0 40.0 cm cm f the

67. A A siren siren creates a sound level of 60.0 dB at a location 67. 500 m m from the speaker. The siren is powered by a bat500 tery that that delivers a total energy of 1.00 kJ. Assuming tery that the the efciency of the siren is 30.0% (that is, 30.0% that of the the supplied supplied energy is transformed into sound enof ergy), determine determine the total time the siren can sound. ergy), 68. A A siren siren creates a sound level at a distance d from the 68. speaker. speaker. The siren is powered by a battery that delivers a total energy energy E. Assuming that the efciency of the siren total is e e (that (that is, e is equal to the output sound energy diis vided by by the supplied energy), determine the total time vided the siren siren can sound. the 69. The The Doppler Doppler equation presented in the text is valid 69. when the the motion between the observer and the source when occurs on a straight line, so that the source and oboccurs server are moving either directly toward or directly away server from each each other. If this restriction is relaxed, one must from use the the more general Doppler equation use
f v vv v
O O

cos O O f cos S S S S

Homework 3
Your Name :! ! ! ! ! Your ID Number :! ! !

PHYS 211 Department of Physics Bilkent University Due Date : 16.10.12

A long spring such as a SlinkyTM (see gure) is often used to demonstrate longitudinal waves. (a) Show that if a spring that obeys Hookes law has mass m, length L, and force constant k, the speed of longitudinal waves on the spring is v = L(k/ m)1/2. (b) Evaluate v for a spring with m = 0.250 kg, L = 2.00 m, and k = 1.50 N/m.

Figure P17.60

oving along a line due east. The trailing PHYS 211 d of 64.0 km/h relative to a land-based Department of Physics t, and the leading ship has a speed of ve to that point. The two ships are in a Bilkent University an where the current is moving uniat 10.0 km/h. The trailing ship transal at a frequency of 1Name 200.0 Hz. 69. The Doppler equation in the Your :! What ! ! ! ! Yourpresented ID Number :! text is!valid ! Due Date : 16.10.12 nitored by the leading ship? (Use when the motion between the observer and the source speed of sound in ocean water.) occurs on when a straight so between that the source and obThe commonly used Doppler equation is valid the line, motion the observer and the source occurs on a straight n generates a sound with intensity level server are moving either directly toward or directly away each other. If this restriction is line, so that the source and observer are moving either directly toward or directly away from ere just outside it, when consuming from each other. If this restriction is relaxed, one must relaxed, one must use the more general Doppler equation r. Find the fraction of this power that use the more general Doppler equation the energy of sound waves. Assume v v O cos O f the oven are 40.0 cm 40.0 cm f f v v S cos S

Homework 3

that the efciency of the siren is 30.0% (that is, 30.0% of the supplied energy is transformed into sound energy), determine the total time the siren can sound. 68. A siren creates a sound level at a distance d from the speaker. The siren is powered by a battery that delivers a total energy E. Assuming that the efciency of the siren is e (that is, e is equal to the output sound energy divided by the supplied energy), determine the total time the siren can sound.

where #o and #s are dened in the gure. (a) Show that if the observer and source are moving away from each other, the preceding equation reduces to usual equation.
25.0 m/s fS vS

Answers to Quick Qui

S
O vO

fO

(a)

(b)

sity values and are 1 2.70 2 11.3 1 3 8.80 1 (a) If L 3 1.5 sound wave is 1 and 2 in the rod 3? (b) If th determine the eling along ro rod 3.

Figure P17.69
where O and S are dened in Figure P17.69a. (a) Show that if the observer and source are moving away from each other, the preceding equation reduces to Equation 17.17 with lower signs. (b) Use the preceding equation to solve the following problem. A train moves at a constant speed of 25.0 m/s toward the intersection shown in Figure P17.69b. A car is stopped near the intersection, 30.0 m from the tracks. If the trains horn emits a frequency of 500 Hz, what frequency is heard by the passengers in the car when the train is 40.0 m from the intersection? Take the speed of sound to be 343 m/s. 70. Figure 17.5 illustrates that at distance r from a point source with power av , the wave intensity is I av /4r 2. Study Figure 17.11a and prove that at distance r straight in front of a point source with power av , moving with constant speed vS , the wave intensity is I av 4r 2 v v v
S

71. Three metal rods are located relative to each other as shown in Figure P17.71, where L 1 L 2 L 3 . The den-

72. The volume kn logarithmic ta the knob (call whose logarith of the knob: th sound I (in wa speaker is prop the sound leve 73. The smallest w is on the order molecules. Fin frequency sou speed of 343 m age molecular

ANSWERS TO QUICK QUIZZES

17.1 The only correct answer is (c). Although the speed of a wave is given by the product of its wavelength and frequency, it is not affected by changes in either one. For example, if the sound from a musical instrument increases in frequency, the wavelength decreases, and thus v f remains constant. The amplitude of a sound wave determines the size of the oscillations of air molecules but does not affect the speed of the wave through the air. 17.2 The ground tremor represents a sound wave moving through the Earth. Sound waves move faster through 3 the Earth than through air because rock and other ground materials are much stiffer against compression. Therefore the vibration through the ground and the

17.3 Because the bo lar motion, the mum value. Be mum when the pressure variat 17.4 (a) 10 dB. If w tal intensity wh I 9I 10I. T increases the in lin by a factor increase in inte sound level by creased by a fa 17.5 The Mach num

Problems

541

he original version of Richard Strausss of sound is 343 m/s, independent of altitude. While the PHYS 211 Naxos. (a) Find the wavelength of this sky diver is falling at terminal speed, her friend on the Department of Physics Suppose that the people in the fourth ground receives waves with a frequency of 2 150 Hz. this note with a level of 81.0 dB. Find (a) What is the sky divers speed of descent? (b) SupBilkent University amplitude of the sound. (c) In repose the sky diver is also carrying sound-receiving equipints, Strauss later transposed the note ment that is sensitive enough to detect waves reected high C, 1.397 kHz. By what increment from the ground. What does Your Name :! ! ! ! ! Yourfrequency ID Number :! she receive? ! ! Due Date : 11.10.13 h change? 54. A train whistle ( f 400 Hz) sounds higher or lower in a cylinder is described by Equations pitchor depending on whether it ison approaching or recedA train whistle (f = 400 Hz) sounds higher lower in pitch depending whether it is approaching or receding. (a) Prove that 2. ing. (a) Prove that the difference in frequency between 4. Show that Pthe s difference v !s 2 max in frequency between the approaching and receding train whistle is the approaching and receding train whistle is orning, pickup trucks carrying garbage p form a nearly steady procession on a 2(u/v) traveling at 19.7 m/s. From this direcf f 1 (u 2/v 2) rrive at the dump every three minutes. traveling toward the dump at where u is the speed of the train and v is the speed of h what frequency do the pass of the train and where u istrucks the speed v is the speed of sound. (b) Calculate this difference sound. (b) Calculate this difference for a train moving for a train moving at a speed of oes not slow the trucks but makes 130 km/h. Take thethe speed of sound in to be of 340 m/s. at air a speed 130 km/h. Take the speed of sound in air sts speed drop to 1.56 m/s. How often to be 340 m/s. ks whiz past him now? 55. A bat, moving at 5.00 m/s, is chasing a ying insect. If s underlain by a layer of basalt that the bat emits a 40.0-kHz chirp and receives back an ust, or uppermost layer, of the Earth in echo at 40.4 kHz, at what relative speed is the bat movw the crust is found denser peridotite ing toward or away from the insect? (Take the speed of s the Earths mantle. The boundary besound in air to be v 340 m/s.) ayers is called the Mohorovicic disconor short). If an explosive charge is set of the basalt, it generates a seismic ted back out at the Moho. If the speed alt is 6.50 km/s and the two-way travel at is the thickness of this oceanic crust? steel pipeline with a hammer, generudinal and transverse waves. Reected s apart. How far away is the reection vlong 6.20 km/s and vtrans

Homework 3

of steel, stress is proportional to strain ulus as given in Table 12.1. The steel ted for iron in Table 15.1. It bends percted to compressive stress greater than 400 MPa, also called its yield strength. ng, made of this steel, is projected at at a hard wall. (a) Find the speed of ves moving along the rod. (b) After the od hits the wall and stops, the back end moving, as described by Newtons rst pped by the excess pressure in a sound k through the rod. How much time e back end of the rod gets the message? he back end of the rod moved in this e strain in the rod and (e) the stress. ail, show that the maximum impact ave is given by the expression /!Y . own speed, a sky diver carries a a steady tone at 1 800 Hz. A friend at n the ground directly below the sky e amplied sound he receives from the hat the air is calm and that the speed

Figure P17.55
56. A supersonic aircraft is ying parallel to the ground. When the aircraft is directly overhead, an observer on the ground sees a rocket red from the aircraft. Ten seconds later the observer hears the sonic boom, which is followed 2.80 s later by the sound of the rocket engine. What is the Mach number of the aircraft? 57. A police car is traveling east at 40.0 m/s along a straight road, overtaking a car that is moving east at 30.0 m/s. The police car has a malfunctioning siren that is stuck at 1 000 Hz. (a) Sketch the appearance of the wave fronts of the sound produced by the siren. Show the