Parallax error It is an error in measurement due to the eye not being in the correct position when taking the

readings. Vernier caliper Used to measure small distances. Each division is 0.01cm or 0.1 mm in width. Micrometer screw gauge Used to measure small distances. Each division is 0.001 cm or 0.01 mm in width. Motion It is when a body changes its position with reference to a fixed point Linear motion It is the motion of a body which moves along a straight line. Displacement It is the distance traveled in a certain direction by a body between its initial and final position. Speed It is the distance traveled by a body in unit time. Uniform speed This is when a body covers equal distances in equal intervals of time Variable speed This is when a body covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time Velocity It is the distance traveled by a body in unit time, in a certain direction. Acceleration It is the change in velocity per unit time. Mass It is the amount of matter measured in an object and is unaffected by change in temperature, time or place. Gravitational force It is the downward pulling force acting towards the earth. Weight It is the downward force acting on a object due to gravity.

Scalar quantity It is a quantity that has a magnitude but no direction Vector quantity It is a quantity that has a magnitude as well as a direction. Density It is the mass per unit volume of a substance. Inertia The property of an object where it needs a force to make it move and a force to make it stop. Force It is a push or a pull exerted on an object. Newton It is that force which gives an object a mass of 1 kg and an acceleration of 1 m/s (squared) Newton's first law A body at rest tries to be at rest and a body in motion tried to be in motion unless acted upon by an external force to change state. Newton's second law When a force is applied, a body is accelerated. Acceleration is directly proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass of the body. Newton's third law Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Friction It is the force that tries to stop movement between touching surfaces. Parallelogram rule When two forces act at a point, and these two forces represent two sides of a parallelogram, the resultant force is the diagonal of the parallelogram. Moment It is the turning effect of a force on a body. Center of mass It is the point where all the mass is concentrated in an object. Acceleration of free fall It is the property of accelerating at 9.8 m/s (squared) when an object is dropped, ignoring air resistance.

Centripetal force It is the force acting towards the center of the circle when an object is moving in a circular path. Hooke's Law When a spring stretches, the extension of the spring is proportional to the force stretching it, provided that the elastic limit is not exceeded. Law of conservation of energy Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It changes from one form to another. Nuclear fusion It is the process where small nuclei of hydrogen atoms join to make larger nuclei of Helium, releasing a large amount of energy. Gravitational energy It is the energy stored in an object, Kinetic energy It is the energy a body has because of motion. Work done It is when the application of a force results in the movement of a body. Power It is the rate of doing work, or the rate of transferring energy. Pressure It is the force acting per unit area of an object. Atmospheric pressure Pressure exerted by the atmosphere at 100000 Pa or 760 mm of mercury. Manometer It is used to measure the pressure difference between two regions Barometer It is used to measure the size of atmospheric pressure

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