Series Specifications area

01 General
02 Service aspects
03 Network aspects
04 MS-BS interface and protocol
05 Physical layer and radio path
06 Speech coding specification
07 Terminal adapter for MS
08 BS-MSC interface
09 Network internetworking
10 Service internetworking
11 Equipment and type approval specification
12 Operation and maintenance

MSC
Area
HLR
MSC
Area
VLR
MSC TRAU BSC
BTS
BTS
BSS
MSC Area
BSS
BSS
BTS
PSTN
PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network
Gateway
MSC
NSS

Keyboard
Control
Display
Transmit Audio
Signal
Processing
Receive Audio
Signal
Processing
Channel
Decoding
Deinterleaving
Message
Regenerator
Channel
Encoding
Interleaving
Message
Generator
Ciphering
Ciphering
RF
Processing
RF
Processing
SIM
Duplexer
Antenna
ANTENNA
ASSEMBLY
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
TRANSCEIVER UNIT
CONTROL
SECTION

Uplink ( From MS to BS)

Wireless Communication Channel
Dow nlink ( From BS to MS )
Base Station
f
u0,
s
1
f
d0,
s
1
, s
2
, ...,s
8
S
1
S
2
S
3
.... S
8
s
1
s
7
s
8
....
s
1
s
2
s
3
f
u0,
s
2
f
u0,
s
8

BTS
USER 1 USER 2 .... USER 8
USER 6 USER 7 USER 8 USER 1
USER 1,
ARFCN
1
USER 2,
ARFCN
1
USER 8,
ARFCN
1
USER 9,
ARFCN
2
USER 10,
ARFCN
2
USER 16,
ARFCN
2
ARFCN
1
ARFCN
2

Lleva informacin en canales de control y de trfico

114 bits de carga (1 stealing bit )
8.25 bits de guarda
Mezcla de datos y overhead
GSM define 8 training sequences assignadas en color code mode
En el forward y reverse link
Los 156.25 bits se transmiten en 0.577 ms con un bit rate de
270.833 kbps
Un total de 156.25 bits
114 bits de carga
34 bits de overhead
Tail Traffic/Signaling Flag Training Sequence Flag Traffic/Signaling Tail
3 57 1
26 1 57 3
8.25

Algunas veces llamado F-burst

Provee al MS una referencia precisa para hallar el BCCH (canal de control)
Cada bit en el FB es seteado a cero y luego de la modulacin GMSK se produce
una onda sinusoidal pura
Insertar el F- burst en el canal de control produce un pico espectral 67.7 KHz por
encima de la frecuencia central del canal de radio.
Slo en el forward link



Caracterstica espectral del BCCH
El pico permite identificar el canal
Formato del F-burst
Puros ceros
f
c
f
c
+67.7 KHz frequency
Power Spectrum Density
BW = 200KHz
Tail Fixed Bit Sequence (All zeros) Tail
3 3
142

Tail Synchronization Training Sequence Synchronization Tail
3 3 39 39 64
Soporta el MAHO
Usado para asegurar potencia constante en el BCCH
Slo en el forward link

Tail Predefined Bit Sequence Tail
3 3
142

GSM MS usan ALOHA para acceder al sistema

En caso de colisin un algoritmo hashing es provisto
Tail Synchronization Access Bits Tail
8
41 36 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 21 22 23 24 25
1 TDMA Frame
4.615 ms
26 Multiframe
120 ms
51 Multiframe
235.4 ms
51 x 26 Superframe or 26 x 51 Superframe
6s 120 ms
Hyperframe
3 h 28 min 53 s 760 ms
0 1 2 3 4 48 49 50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2043 2044 2045 2046 2047
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 46 47 48 49 50
0 1 2 3 4 23 24 25
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 7 6 5
Forward Link - BTS Transmits
Reverse Link - MS Transmits
GSM Logical
Channels
TCH
TCH/F TCH/H
CCH
BCH CCCH DCCH
CBCH
ACCH SDCCH
FACCH SACCH
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
PCH
AGCH
RACH
TCH - Traff ic Channel
TCH/F - Traf fic Channel (Full Rate)
TCH/H - Traf fic Channel (Half Rate)
BCH - Broadcast Channels
FCCH - Frequency Correction Channel
SCH - Synchronization Channel
BCCH - Broadcast Control Channel
CCCH - Common Control Channels
PCH - Paging Channel
AGCH - Access Grant Channel
RACH - Random Access Channel
DCCH - Dedicated Control Channels
SDCCH - Stand-alone Dedicated
Control Channel
ACCH - Associated Control Channels
SACCH - Slow Associated Control
Channel
FACCH - Fast Associated Control
Channel
CCH - Control Channel
CBCH - Cell Broadcast Channel

Full Rate TCH puede llevar:

Voz (13 Kb/sec)
A las tasas de:
-9.6 Kb/sec
-4.8 Kb/sec
-2.4 Kb/sec
Half Rate TCH puede llevar:
Voz (6.5 Kb/sec)
A las tasas de:
-4.8 Kb/sec
-2.4 Kb/sec

CCH
BCH
CCCH
DCCH

BCH
SCH
FCH
BCCH

CCCH
RACH
PCH
AGC

UL - Uplink DL - Downlink
Canal Slo UL Slo DL UL/DL Punto a
punto
Broadcast Dedicado Compartido
BCCH X X X
FCCH X X X
SCH X X X
RACH X X X
PCH X X X
AGCH X X X
SDDCH X X X
SACCH X X X
FACCH X X X
TCH X X X
S F B C
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
51 Frame
S F C C S F C C S F C C I
R R R R R R R R R R
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A0 A1 A2 A3
S F C C
R R R R R R R R R R
I I I
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A4 A5 A6 A7 I I I
A1 A2 A3 I I I
A5 A6 A7 I I I
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A0
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A4
S F B C S F C C S F D0 D1 S F D2 D3 I S F A0 A1
S F B C S F C C S F D0 D1 S F D2 D3 I S F A2 A3
D3
D3
R R
R R
A2 A3
A0 A1
D2
D2
S F
S F
D0 D1
D0 D1
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
FFCCH SSCH
BBCCH CCCCH(CCCH=PCH+AGCH+RACH)
RRACH DSDCCH
ASACCH/C I idle
BCCH+CCCH
(Downlink)
BCCH+CCCH
(uplink)
8 SDCCH/8
(Downlink)
8 SDCCH/8
(uplink)
BCCH+CCCH+
4SDCCH/4
(Downlink)
BCCH+CCCH+
4SDCCH/4
(uplink)
(a) FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH
(b) SDCCH/8(0,...,7)+SACCH/C8(0,...,7)
(c) FCCH+SCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4(0,...,3)+SACCH/C4(0,...,3)

BTS
SLOT 0 SLOT 1 SLOT 2 SLOT 3 SLOT 4 SLOT 5
MS
2
MS
1
d
2
, Slot 2
d
1
, Slot 1
d
1
> d
2
MS
2
MS
1
T
1
T
2
Collision
T
1
- Del ay of MS
1
Si gnal
T
2
- Del ay of MS
2
Si gnal
SLOT 7 SLOT 6
km 35
bit
s
10 693 . 3 bit 63
s
m
10 3
2
1
max
6 8
~
|
.
|

\
|
=

D
Sampl i ng,
Quanti zati on and
source encodi ng
Channel
Encodi ng
(Error Correcti on
Codi ng)
Interl eavi ng
Burst
Formati ng
Mappi ng
De-
Ci pheri ng
Modul ati on
De-Modul ati on
Ci pheri ng
Burst
Formati ng
Mappi ng
De
-Interl eavi ng
Channel
Decodi ng
(Error Correcti on )
Source Decodi ng
and Waveform
Generati on
Um
Interface
Voice
Signal
Voice
Signal
Transmit Side
Receive Side

111 +3V
110 +2V
101 +1V
0V
001 -1V
010 -2V
011 -3V
111 +3V
110 +2V
101 +1V
0V
001 -1V
010 -2V
011 -3V
Analog Signal
Sampling Pulse
PAM
101 110 101 100 010 010 010 100 111 111
PCM

BPF
A/D
converter
SPEECH
ENCODER
CHANNEL
CODING
TO
MODULATOR
MICROPHONE
BAND-PASS
300 Hz-3.4 kHz
SPEECH
DECODER
CHANNEL
DECODER
LP
LOW-PASS
4 kHz
D/A
converter
Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) - Voice Quality
source IIR. The First Annual CDMA Congress
London, Oct. 29-30, 1997










Clean Speech 20dB SNR
Babble
20dB SNR
Car
15dB SNR
Street
Mu-PCM
8Kb/s EVRC
(CDMA)
13Kb/s CELP
(CDMA
IS-136 ACELP
GSM EFR

TYPE Ia
BITS
TYPE II
BITS
TYPE Ib
BITS
CONVOLUTIONAL
ENCODER
r=1/2
K=5
M
U
X
ERROR DETECTING CODE
50
132
78
3
4
189
189
378
456
0
TO
INTERLEAVER
F
R
O
M


V
O
C
O
D
E
R
En comunicaciones
mviles los errores o
interferencias son por
rfagas
Desempeo ptimo del
ECC se obtiene de una
distribucin de error
uniformemente
distribuida
Interleaving incrementa
el desmpeo del ECC en
un ambiente mvil
(
(
(
(
(
(

25 20 15 10 5
24 19 14 9 4
23 18 13 8 3
22 17 12 7 2
21 16 11 6 1
b b b b b
b b b b b
b b b b b
b b b b b
b b b b b
Data is written
column-wise
Data is read
row-wise

Interleaver
b
1
b
2
b
3
b
4
b
5
b
6
b
7
b
8
b
9
b
10
b
11
b
12
b
13
b
14
b
25
b
16
b
17
b
18
b
19
b
20
...
b
1
b
6
b
11
b
16
b
21
b
2
b
7
b
12
b
17
b
22
b
3
b
8
b
13
b
18
b
23
b
4
b
9
b
14
b
19
b
24
..
Burst Error
Caused by
Rayleigh Fading
Errors are spread over the bit stream

MSK
Filtered MSK
GMSK
(f-f
o
) / Rb 0 1 2 3
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
POWER SPECTRAL
DENSITY
dB
Tail Traffic/Signaling Flag Training Sequence Flag Traffic/Signaling Tail
3 57 1 26 1 57 3
Sequence used for equalizer training

RF
Processing
Adaptive
Equalizer
Equalization
Algorithm
Extraction of
Synchronization
Bits
Unequalized
Data
Equalized
Data

Hay tres tipos de

mediciones:

1. Nivel de seal
2. Calidad de seal
3. Time adbvance
Measurement
type
Link Cell DTX Measurement
Source
RSL Downlink Serving Cell Full Set Mobile
RSL Downlink Serving Cell Subset Mobile
RSL Downlink Neighbors N/A Mobile
Quality Downlink Serving Cell Full Set Mobile
Quality Downlink Serving Cell Subset Mobile
RSL Uplink Serving Cell Full Set BTS
RSL Uplink Serving Cell Subset BTS
RSL Uplink Neighbors Full Set BTS
RSL Uplink Neighbors Subset BTS
Quality Uplink Serving Cell Full Set BTS
Quality Uplink Serving Cell Subset BTS
Timing Advance Uplink Serving Cell N/A BTS
Measurement
type
Link Cell DTX Measurement
Source
RSL Downlink Serving Cell Full Set Mobile
RSL Downlink Serving Cell Subset Mobile
RSL Downlink Neighbors N/A Mobile
Quality Downlink Serving Cell Full Set Mobile
Quality Downlink Serving Cell Subset Mobile
RSL Uplink Serving Cell Full Set BTS
RSL Uplink Serving Cell Subset BTS
RSL Uplink Neighbors Full Set BTS
RSL Uplink Neighbors Subset BTS
Quality Uplink Serving Cell Full Set BTS
Quality Uplink Serving Cell Subset BTS
Timing Advance Uplink Serving Cell N/A BTS
Measurement
type
Measurement
type
Link Link Cell Cell DTX DTX Measurement
Source
Measurement
Source
RSL RSL Downlink Downlink Serving Cell Serving Cell Full Set Full Set Mobile Mobile
RSL RSL Downlink Downlink Serving Cell Serving Cell Subset Subset Mobile Mobile
RSL RSL Downlink Downlink Neighbors Neighbors N/A N/A Mobile Mobile
Quality Quality Downlink Downlink Serving Cell Serving Cell Full Set Full Set Mobile Mobile
Quality Quality Downlink Downlink Serving Cell Serving Cell Subset Subset Mobile Mobile
RSL RSL Uplink Uplink Serving Cell Serving Cell Full Set Full Set BTS BTS
RSL RSL Uplink Uplink Serving Cell Serving Cell Subset Subset BTS BTS
RSL RSL Uplink Uplink Neighbors Neighbors Full Set Full Set BTS BTS
RSL RSL Uplink Uplink Neighbors Neighbors Subset Subset BTS BTS
Quality Quality Uplink Uplink Serving Cell Serving Cell Full Set Full Set BTS BTS
Quality Quality Uplink Uplink Serving Cell Serving Cell Subset Subset BTS BTS
Timing Advance Timing Advance Uplink Uplink Serving Cell Serving Cell N/A N/A BTS BTS

-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Measurement
R
X

L
E
V

(
d
B
m
)
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
B
C
C
H

A
R
F
C
N
RX LEV (dBm) BCCH

RXQUAL BER
0 Less than 0.1
1 0.26 to 0.30
2 0.51 to 0.64
3 1.0 to 1.3
4 1.9 to 2.7
5 3.8 to 5.4
6 7.6 to 11.0
7 Above 15
RXQUAL BER
0 Less than 0.1
1 0.26 to 0.30
2 0.51 to 0.64
3 1.0 to 1.3
4 1.9 to 2.7
5 3.8 to 5.4
6 7.6 to 11.0
7 Above 15
RXQUAL RXQUAL BER BER
00 Less than 0.1 Less than 0.1
11 0.26 to 0.30 0.26 to 0.30
22 0.51 to 0.64 0.51 to 0.64
33 1.0 to 1.3 1.0 to 1.3
44 1.9 to 2.7 1.9 to 2.7
55 3.8 to 5.4 3.8 to 5.4
66 7.6 to 11.0 7.6 to 11.0
77 Above 15 Above 15

Mobile station Environment Typical

voice
activity
Handset Quiet location 55%
Handset Moderate office noise
with voice interference
60%
Handset Strong voice
interference (ex. airport,
railway station)
65-70%
Hands free /
handset
Variable vehicle noise 60%

Power Class GSM (900MHz)

[W]
PCS - 1900 / GSM 1800
[W]
1 20
(1)
1
2 8 0.24
3 5 Not Defined
4 2 Not Defined
5 0.8 Not Defined
Power Class GSM (900MHz)
[W]
PCS - 1900 / GSM 1800
[W]
1 20
(1)
1
2 8 0.24
3 5 Not Defined
4 2 Not Defined
5 0.8 Not Defined
Power Class Power Class GSM (900MHz)
[W]
GSM (900MHz)
[W]
PCS - 1900 / GSM 1800
[W]
PCS - 1900 / GSM 1800
[W]
1 1 20
(1)
20
(1)
1 1
2 2 8 8 0.24 0.24
3 3 5 5 Not Defined Not Defined
4 4 2 2 Not Defined Not Defined
5 5 0.8 0.8 Not Defined Not Defined

Signal
Strength
Reselection
Points
Select Micro-Cell
SS_SUFF
Macrocel
Preferred
Micro-Cell
Distance
HL = 1
HL = 2

User 1
User 2
User 3
User 4
User 5
f
1
f
4
f
1
f
1
f
1
f
1
f
1
f
2
f
2
f
2
f
2
f
3
f
4
f
1
f
1
f
2
f
3
f
3
f
4
f
1
f
4
f
3
f
1
f
3
f
4
4T T 2T 3T 5T
4T T 2T 3T 5T
4T T 2T 3T 5T
4T T 2T 3T 5T
4T T 2T 3T 5T

TX/RX
TX/RX
TX/RX
Carrier
Freuqnacy
f
1
Combiner
Carrier
Freuqnacy
f
2
Carrier
Freuqnacy
f
n
1
2
n
Bus for Routing
and Switchning

ventajas de SFH
FRecuencias de hopping no depende de las
rdaios
desventajas de SFH
Se necesitan combinadores ms costosos

TX/RX
TX/RX
TX/RX
Carrier
Freuqnacy
f
0
,f
1
,...,f
m
Broadband
Combiner
1
2
n
Carrier
Freuqnacy
f
0
,f
1
,...,f
m
Carrier
Freuqnacy
f
0
,f
1
,...,f
m
, , , , , , ,
3 2 1 4 3 2 1
f f f f f f f
, , , , , , ,
3 2 3 4 4 2 1
f f f f f f f

se usa un modo pseudo random

Utiliza 63 secuencias pseudo aleatorias
la frecuencia es obtenida de un clculos sobre el nmero de
frecuencias disponibles (FH group)
Road Map
1. High speed circuits
switched data
(HSCSD)
2. Packet switched data
(GPRS,EDGE)
3. (UMTS)- 3G

GSM 2+
9.6 Kb/sec
HSCSD
64 Kb/sec
GPRS
114 Kb/sec
EDGE
384 Kb/sec
UMTS
2Mb/sec
1999
1Q
2000
2Q
2000
3Q
2001
4Q
2002
Timeline
Data Rate
HSCSD - High Speed Circuit Switched Data
GPRS - General Packet Radio System
EDGE - Enhanced Data GSM Environment
UMTS - Universal Mobile Telephone Service

BSC
BSC
MSC
VLR
HLR
AUC
EIR
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS - Base Station
BSC - Base Station Contoller
MSC - Mobile Switching Center
VLR - Visitor Location Register
HLR - Home Location Register
AUC - Authentification Center
EIR - Equipment IdentityRegister
Um
Interface
A-Bis
Interface
A
Interface
D
C
PSTN
B
B,C,D,E,F - MAP
Interfaces
SGSN
GGSN
SGSN - Service GPRS Support Node
GGSN - GatewayGPRS Support Node
Gn
Interface
Gr
Outsi de
Packet
Network

O
A3
D2 B1
C3
B2 D1
D3
A2 C1
B3
C2 A1
B3
C2 A1
A3
A1
B1
D1
D3 D2
C3
B2 A1
C3 D2
C3
C1
D2 B1 C2 A1
A2 C1
D3
A3
C2 B1
B3
A2 C1
C3
B2 A1
A3
C2 B1
B3
A2 C1
B3
A1
C1
A1
A3 A2
C3
B2 A1
A3 A3
C3
C1
B2 A1 B2 A1
A2 C1
B3

DL UL Comentarios
A Potencia transmitida (dBm) 43 33
B Prdidas en transmisor (dB) 4 0 DL: combinador, duplexor, cable.
C Ganancia de antena transmisora (dBi) 17 -3 UL: incluye atenuacin por el cuerpo del usuario
D PIRE (dBm) 56 30 D = A - B + C
E Sensibilidad (dBm) -99 -101 Referida a la salida de antena
F Ganancia por diversidad (dB) 0 3 Reduccin de sensibilidad por diversidad de recepcin
G Margen log-normal (dB) 10 10 Depende del porcentaje perimetral y de la desviacin tpica
H Margen de interferencia (dB) 3 3 Incremento de sensibilidad en presencia de interferencia
I Potencia mediana necesaria en recepcin (dBm) -86 -91 I = E - F + G + H
J Ganancia de antena receptora (dBi) -3 17 DL: incluye atenuacin por el cuerpo del usuario
K Atenuacin compensable (dB) 139 138 K = D I + J
L Prdida por penetracin en interiores (dB) 15 15
M Atenuacin en exteriores (dB) 124 123

o
o
o
o
o
o
o