Cisco Enabling CP For Dynamic Optical Network

Enabling nLight Control plane for Dynamic Next-Gen Optical Networks
Amrit Hanspal Santiago lvarez

Oct 2012
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Confidential
15 billion networked devices in 2015, up
from 7 billion in 2010

IP traffic will grow 4-fold from 2010 to 2015
(32% CAGR )
Mobile data traffic will grow 26-fold from
2010 to 2015 (92% CAGR )

IP traffic will reach an annual run rate of
965.5 Exabytes in 2015 (equivalent to 241 billion DVDs )

Mobile was 1% of total IP traffic in 2010,
and will be 8% of total IP traffic in 2015

Source: Cisco Visual Networkin Index (VNI) www.cisco.com/go/vni
saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
SP Services/ Content
Third-Party Services/ Content VoD
Unified Data Center
IP Core
Unified Data Center
Regional Data Center
Edge
Regional Data Center
Access
Business Traffic Volume + Changing Traffic Patterns Demand a Dynamic Topology

IP Network
Divided Networks
Data Center A
Transport Network
Data Center C
Data Center B
1 2
IP Engineering requests path from transport team Transport Planning researches capacity for best path 1 Week 3 Weeks
3 4
Transport Operations provisions network path at each node IP Operations provisions VPN service 2 Weeks
Cisco Confidential 4
4 Weeks < 2 Months
saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Does your company operate their own optical network?

A. No and no immediate plans B. No, but assessing feasibility C. Planning to deploy D. Yes, already deployed
Cisco Confidential
Reduce Provisioning Time from Months to Minutes
Core
Reuse over 90% of Fiber Infrastructure CAPEX Recycle Capacity by Eliminating Over Provisioning CRS
Edge
Existing 10G Fiber, Amplifiers, Dispersion Compensation Modules,
ASR 9000
nLight Control Plane built on GMPLS nLight Silicon for Coherent 100G+, 3000km w/o Regeneration nLight ROADMs: Zero-Touch Optical
Up to 36% TCO Savings and over 90% Fiber CAPEX Reuse

Dynamic Path Setup

R1 R2 Packet Domain
Signaled lambda
Path Diversity
R2 R1 Packet Domain
Disjoint paths
R3
R1
R2 Packet Domain
Signaled lambda
R1
R2
R3 Packet Domain
Disjoint paths
Optical Domain
Optical Domain
Cisco Confidential
Before we dive into the details, how familiar are you with GMPLS?
A. Not familiar B. Learning the technology and assessing applicability to my
environment
C. Fairly familiar with it and considering potential deployment in
the future
D. Fairly familiar with it, but not planning to deploy for now
Cisco Confidential
User-Network Interface (UNI) to implement an overlay model between two networks Enables a Cisco router to signal paths dynamically through a DWDM network Paths may be signaled with diversity requirements Two UNI components
Client: Network: UNI-C in IOS XR 4.3.0 (CRS / ASR9000) UNI-N in 9.6.0.3 (ONS 15454) HELLO HELLO
my name is
Part of nLight Control Plane Building block for multi-layer routing
I IPP
my name is
Optical
Cisco Confidential
Generalized control plane for different types of network devices

Packet-Switch Capable (PSC) Layer-2 Switch Capable (L2SC) Time-Division-Multiplex Capable (TDM) Lambda-Switch Capable (LSC) Fiber-Switch Capable (FSC)
Two major models: peer (NNI) and overlay (UNI-C) Different label formats depending on network type Based on initial RSVP-TE, OSPF-TE and ISIS-TE extensions Strict separation of control and forwarding planes Supports bi-directional LSPs IP based control plane No IP based forwarding plane (no LDP)
Control plane interface

Client: UNI-C (packet) Network: UNI-N (optical)
UNI
UNI-C
Separate packet and optical routing domains Optical topology known to UNI-N but not to
Head
UNI
UNI-C
Tail
Packet Domain
UNI-C
UNI-C initiates LSP signaling UNI-N performs path computation through
RSVP
RSVP UNI-N
RSVP UNI-N
RSVP
optical domain
Common address space between UNI-C and
Optical Domain
UNI-N to enable signaling

UNI honors administrative boundaries while
Control plane Forwarding plane
allowing controlled interaction

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Used by GMPLS nodes to exchange
control-plane information
Signaling Routing Link management
Head
UNI
UNI-C
Control channels exist independently of
Packet Domain
UNI-N
TE links
Not required to use same physical
medium as data-bearing links

Separate wavelength/fiber Ethernet link Overhead bits IP tunnel
TE Link
Optical Domain
IPCC
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Performs two core functions

Control channel management Link property correlation
GMPLS nodes require an LMP adjacency formed over one or more bi-directional control
channels
Runs over UDP with mechanisms for reliable message transmission Includes mechanisms for LMP neighbor discovery Most messages exchanged over control channel Can also provide link connectivity verification and fault management
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Router can signal a path dynamically through
an optical (ONS 15454) network using GMPLS

R1 R2 Packet Domain
Signaled lambda
Router initiates signaling ROADM computes path and signals optical
path
LSP state drives controller and physical
R1
R2 Packet Domain
Signaled lambda
interface state on router

Support for HA including ISSU Router interface is fully layer-3 and Layer-2
capable (including bundling)

Optical Domain
Router interface may or may not run MPLS
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UNI-C (Head)
Initiates signaling (default lambda) No explicit path (ERO) defined / signaled Signaling initiated towards remote UNI-C (optical loopback or optical link address) Bi-directional path (upstream and downstream labels)
UNI-N
Arrival of PATH message without ERO triggers path computation to destination across optical domain Establishment of optical path (trail) required for UNI signaling to proceed
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UNI-C
1
UNI-N
UNI PATH (upstream label = default lambda) 2
Head initiates tunnel signaling
Optical path computation, trail signaling initiated

Trail Downstream PATH
UNI-N
UNI-C
Optical impairment check

4
3 Trail Upstream PATH
Trail Downstream RESV
Trail established
6 UNI PATH ERROR (upstream label = lambda) UNI PATH (upstream label = lambda)
Trail Upstream RESV
Trail established
Per-hop optical parameters Tunnel established

7
Tunnel established
8 UNI RESV (Label = lambda)
UNI PATH (upstream label = lambda) UNI RESV (Label = lambda)
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Grid
3 bits
Channel Spacing
4 bits
Identifier
9 bits
n
16 bits
Grid Optical grid as defined in ITU-T G.694.1 Channel Spacing Spacing between DWDM channels in GHz Identifier Per-node distinguisher between lasers than can transmit same lambda n value used to compute frequency (twos complement)
Grid Reserved ITU-T DWDM ITU-T CWDM Future Use
Value 0 1 2 3-7
DWDM Channel Spacing (GHz) Reserved 100 50 25 12.5 Future Use
Value 0 1 2 3 4 5 - 15
Frequency (THz) = 193.1 THz + n * channel spacing (THz)
Physical interface goes up when GMPLS
signaling complete and wavelength programmed on controller

Interface goes down if tunnel brought down
UP
Transient control plane failure
(signaling error, configuration removal)

Interface stays up if control plane goes
down (e.g. RP failure) and no error is generated
Admin shutdown or Signaling error or OIR or GMPLS config removal
Signaling complete and Hardware programmed
DOWN
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Three main configuration tasks

TE Link IP Control Channel Tunnel (head only) UNI
UNI-C
DWDM controller associated with GMPLS UNI
Head
configuration
No tunnel interface (e.g. tunnel-gte) associated with
GMPLS LSP
Single tunnel path option Tunnel id cannot conflict with any other point-to-point TE
UNI-N
Packet Domain
tunnel Id including auto-tunnel

LMP configuration on separate config submode (config
TE Link
Optical Domain
under traffic-eng submode deprecated)

No configuration changes on physical interface (fully layer-
2 and layer-3 capable including bundling)
IPCC
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interface Loopback0 description PACKET ROUTER ID ipv4 address 10.0.255.1 255.255.255.255 ! interface Loopback1 description OPTICAL ROUTER ID ipv4 address 172.16.255.11 255.255.255.255 ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/8 description OPTICAL CONTROL PLANE ipv4 address 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.254 ! interface HundredGigE0/1/0/0 description LOOK MOM: I WAS SIGNALED VIA GMPLS ipv4 address 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.254 ! controller dwdm0/1/0/0 admin-state in-service ! router static address-family ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.1/32 172.16.1.1 ! !
Packet routing Domain: 10/8 Optical routing Domain: 172.16/16 (IPCC) 172.17/16 (Link Id)
rid: 10.0.255.1
Head
UNI
rid:172.16.255.11 UNI-C 172.16.1.0
UNI
rid: 172.16.255.22 UNI-C 172.16.2.0 RSVP RSVP rid: 172.16.255.2 UNI-N 172.16.2.1 link-id: 172.17.2.1
rid: 10.0.255.2
Tail
link-id: 172.17.1.0
RSVP rid:172.16.255.1 UNI-N 172.16.1.1 RSVP link-id: 172.17.1.1
link-id: 172.17.2.0
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
Optical router id must be reachable
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lmp mpls traffic-eng Static TE Link gmpls optical-uni gmpls optical-uni Properties controller dwdm0/1/0/0 controller dwdm0/1/0/0 (non routable) neighbor HEAD-UNI-N tunnel-properties neighbor link-id ipv4 unicast 172.17.1.1 tunnel-id 100 neighbor interface-id unnumbered 11 destination ipv4 unicast 172.17.2.0 link-id ipv4 unicast 172.17.1.0 path-option 10 no-ero lockdown ! ! Static Control Channel neighbor HEAD-UNI-N ! Adjacency (routable) GMPLS Tunnel ipcc routed ! Configuration router-id ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.1 ! ! end router-id ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.11 ! Optical Router Id ! (routable) rsvp controller dwdm0/1/0/0 signalling refresh out-of-band interval 86400 Daily RSVP State ! Refresh !
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rid: 10.0.255.1
Head
UNI
rid:172.16.255.11 UNI-C 172.16.1.0
UNI
rid: 10.0.255.2
Tail
link-id: 172.17.1.0
link-id: 172.17.2.0
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
lmp mpls traffic-eng Static TE Link gmpls optical-uni gmpls optical-uni Properties controller dwdm0/1/0/0 controller dwdm0/1/0/0 (non routable) neighbor TAIL-UNI-N ! neighbor link-id ipv4 unicast 172.17.2.1 ! neighbor interface-id unnumbered 22 ! link-id ipv4 unicast 172.17.2.0 end ! Static Control Channel neighbor TAIL-UNI-N Adjacency (routable) ipcc routed router-id ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.2 ! router-id ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.22 ! Optical Router Id ! (routable) rsvp controller dwdm0/1/0/0 signalling refresh out-of-band interval 86400 Daily RSVP State ! Refresh !
No GMPLS Tunnel Configuration (tunnel still bidirectional)
Cisco Confidential
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Router head can signal requirements for
path diversity against one or more specific LSPs

ROADM includes path diversity
R2 R1 Packet Domain
Disjoint paths
requirements in path computation

Source and destination of signaled LSP
R3
may differ from LSP from which diversity is required
R1
R2
R3 Packet Domain
Disjoint paths
Optical Domain
Cisco Confidential
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UNI-C (Head)
Initiates signaling (default lambda) No explicit path (ERO) defined/signaled LSP exclusions (XRO) signaled to enable path diversity Exclusions can be strict (MUST exclude) or best effort (SHOULD exclude) Signaling initiated towards remote UNI-C (optical loopback or optical link address) Bi-directional path (upstream and downstream labels)
UNI-N
Arrival of PATH message without ERO triggers optical path computation to destination across optical domain LSP exclusions used as additional input for optical path computation Establishment of optical path (trail) required for UNI signaling to proceed
Cisco Confidential
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UNI-C
1
UNI-N
UNI PATH (upstream label = default lambda) 2
Head initiates tunnel signaling including LSP exclusion
Optical path computation subject to LSP exclusions, trail signaling initiated

Trail Downstream PATH
UNI-N
UNI-C

4
3 Trail Upstream PATH
Trail Downstream RESV
Trail established
6 UNI PATH ERROR (upstream label = lambda) UNI PATH (upstream label = lambda)
Trail Upstream RESV
Trail established
Per-hop optical parameters Tunnel established

7
Tunnel established
8 UNI RESV (Label = lambda)
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rid: 10.0.255.1
Head
UNI
rid:172.16.255.11 UNI-C 172.16.1.0
UNI
rid: 10.0.255.2
Tail
link-id: 172.17.1.0
link-id: 172.17.2.0
Packet Domain
Optical Domain
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Best effort (nonmandatory) path lmp mpls traffic-eng Static TE Link diversity requirement gmpls optical-uni attribute-set xro exclude-tun1-be Properties controller dwdm0/1/0/0 exclude best-effort lsp source 172.16.255.11 (non routable) neighbor HEAD-UNI-N destination 172.16.255.22 tunnel-id 1 extendedneighbor link-id ipv4 unicast 172.17.1.1 tunnel-id 172.16.255.11 Strict (mandatory) path neighbor interface-id unnumbered 11 ! diversity requirement link-id ipv4 unicast 172.17.1.0 attribute-set xro exclude-tun1-s ! exclude strict lsp source 172.16.255.11 Static Control Channel neighbor HEAD-UNI-N destination 172.16.255.22 tunnel-id 1 extendedAdjacency (routable) ipcc routed tunnel-id 172.16.255.11 router-id ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.1 ! ! gmpls optical-uni router-id ipv4 unicast 172.16.255.11 controller dwdm0/1/0/0 ! tunnel-properties Optical Router Id ! tunnel-id 100 (routable) rsvp destination ipv4 unicast 172.17.2.0 controller dwdm0/1/0/0 path-option 10 no-ero xro-attribute-set excludesignalling refresh out-of-band interval 86400 tun1-s lockdown ! ! GMPLS Tunnel ! ! Daily RSVP State Configuration include ! Refresh diversity requirement ! end * As of introduction of IOS XR 4.3.0, UNI-N does not support best effort exclusions
What signaling capability would be critical for your environment? (multiple choice)
A. Constraint-based path computation B. Re-optimization C. Restoration D. Auto-discovery (dynamic LMP)
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Router would have two RSVP neighbors if
packet network runs MPLS-TE on DWDM interface,

RSVP neighbor over physical interface for MPLS TE signaling RSVP neighbor over controller for GMPLS signaling
RSVP
RSVP
R1
R2 Packet Domain
Signaled lambda
Separate RSVP refresh timers

High frequency for MPLS TE signaling Low frequency for GMPLS signaling (lowest 232 ms or ~1.6 months)
Optical Domain
Cisco Confidential
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IOS XR Release 4.3.0 Available now! CRS hardware support

1OC768-DPSK/C 1OC768-DPSK/C-O= 1OC768-ITU/C 4-10GE-ITU/C 1-100GE-DWDM/C (=)
ASR 9000 hardware support

Mod80 and Mod160 LCs (4-port/2-port 10GE MPA) w/ 8xDWDM-XFP-C (DWDM optics) 24 x 10GE LC with 10GE SFP+ DWDM optics
ONS 15454 Rel. 9.6.0.3
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Cisco CRS
www.cisco.com/go/crs
Cisco ASR 9000
www.cisco.com/go/asr9000
Cisco ONS 15454
http://www.cisco.com/go/ons15454
Cisco CRS Release 4.3.0 Documentation
Configuration Guide: http://tinyurl.com/b2h4pl3 Command Reference: http://tinyurl.com/ad2a3qj
Cisco ASR 9000 Release 4.3.0 Documentation

Configuration Guide: http://tinyurl.com/anxnwed Command Reference: http://tinyurl.com/b3stuex
Cisco Confidential
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Explosive traffic growth and changing traffic patterns driving requirements for agile
IP+Optical integration
Cisco nLight uses GMPLS as control plane to enable an elastic network infrastructure Cisco GMPLS UNI implementation allows controlled interaction between packet and
optical domains to
Dynamically set up paths between routers across a DWDM network Signaling and computation of diverse optical paths
Solution available in Cisco CRS, ASR 9000 and ONS 15454 products today
Cisco Confidential
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Header
Path End Point Roles Label Path Computation Signaling Initiation Physical Interface Relationship Signaling Routing Objects
GMPLS LSP
Bidirectional (upstream+downstream) One head + one tail DWDM Wavelength Label (32 bits) in control plane Circuit in forwarding plane UNI-N Head End 1:1 (fixed) No ERO Optional XRO RRO (optional) Generalized Label Request (PATH) Upstream Label (PATH) Generalized Label (RESV) Acceptable Label Set (PATH) Fixed CT0 (controller rate) Fixed Filter (FF) Static UNI-C optical router id | UNI-C optical link address N/A N/A N/A
TE LSP
Unidirectional (Downstream) One head + one tail (P2P) or multiple tails (P2MP) Packet label (20-bit) in control plane Packet label (20-bit part of shim header) in forwarding plane Head End Head End N:1 (flexible) ERO RRO (optional) Label Request (PATH) Label (RESV) Configurable CT0/CT1 Shared Explicit (SE) Static | Dynamic (auto-tunnel) Router id | Interface id FRR | Path protection Hard | Soft Hitless
Signaling Label Objects Signaled Bandwidth Reservation Style Tunnel Id Tunnel Destination Protection Preemption Re-optimization
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Thank you.

Cisco Enabling CP For Dynamic Optical Network

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Enabling nLight Control plane for Dynamic Next-Gen Optical Networks

Amrit Hanspal Santiago lvarez

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

15 billion networked devices in 2015, up

from 7 billion in 2010

2010 to 2015 (92% CAGR )

965.5 Exabytes in 2015 (equivalent to 241 billion DVDs )

and will be 8% of total IP traffic in 2015

Third-Party Services/ Content VoD

Unified Data Center

Unified Data Center

Regional Data Center

Regional Data Center

Business Traffic Volume + Changing Traffic Patterns Demand a Dynamic Topology

4 Weeks < 2 Months

saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Does your company operate their own optical network?

saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Reduce Provisioning Time from Months to Minutes

Existing 10G Fiber, Amplifiers, Dispersion Compensation Modules,

Up to 36% TCO Savings and over 90% Fiber CAPEX Reuse

Dynamic Path Setup

saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Part of nLight Control Plane Building block for multi-layer routing

saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Generalized control plane for different types of network devices

Control plane interface

UNI-N to enable signaling

Control plane Forwarding plane

allowing controlled interaction

Used by GMPLS nodes to exchange

Control channels exist independently of

medium as data-bearing links

saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Performs two core functions

saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Router can signal a path dynamically through

an optical (ONS 15454) network using GMPLS

Router initiates signaling ROADM computes path and signals optical

interface state on router

capable (including bundling)

Router interface may or may not run MPLS

saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Head initiates tunnel signaling

Optical path computation, trail signaling initiated

Optical impairment check

3 Trail Upstream PATH

Optical impairment check

Trail Downstream RESV

Trail Upstream RESV

Per-hop optical parameters Tunnel established

UNI PATH (upstream label = lambda) UNI RESV (Label = lambda)

UNI PATH (upstream label = lambda) UNI RESV (Label = lambda)

saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Grid Reserved ITU-T DWDM ITU-T CWDM Future Use

DWDM Channel Spacing (GHz) Reserved 100 50 25 12.5 Future Use

Frequency (THz) = 193.1 THz + n * channel spacing (THz)

saalvare@cisco.com - 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Physical interface goes up when GMPLS

signaling complete and wavelength programmed on controller