EEE 267: Electrical and Electronic Technology

Mohammad Asif Zaman

Lecturer,
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000.


Math problems regarding DC motors. (16
th
May, 2011)


Problem 1: A 250 V DC shunt motor runs at 1000 rpm while drawing current of 25A. Calculate the
speed of the motor when the line current is 50A and the field is decreased by 10% due to armature
reaction. Determine the developed torque in both cases. For computation, assume armature resistance
of 0.2 and field resistance of 250 .



Solution 1:


We know that,
A
E k = . Here both flux and
speed has changed.
So,
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
A
A
E n
E n


= =

For initial condition,
n
1
=1000 rpm, and I
L1
=25A.

The constant terminal voltage is
V
T
=250 V (always assume that the terminal
voltage or the supply voltage of a motor is
constant. If the voltage is not constant, it will
always be directly mentioned in the
problem.)
Now, the field current can be computed as:
1
250
1
250
T
F
F
V
I A
R
= = =

Applying KCL:

1 1 1
1 1 1
, 25 1 24
L F A
A L F
I I I
or I I I A
= +
= = =


Applying KVL:
1 1
1 1
, 250 24 0.2 245.2
T A A A
A T A A
V E I R
or E V I R V
= +
= = =

V
T

I
L

I
A
I
F

E
A

+

+

R
A
R
F

L
F


Note that the decrease in field in the second case is due to armature reaction and not due to
change in R
F
or field current.

So, in the second case, line current, I
L2
=50A. Field current, I
F2
=1 A (unchanged).

So, from KCL:

2 2 2
2 2 2
, 50 1 49
L F A
A L F
I I I
or I I I A
= +
= = =


Applying KVL:

2 2
2 2
, 250 49 0.2 240.2
T A A A
A T A A
V E I R
or E V I R V
= +
= = =


Field has decreased by 3% (the flux has been reduced by 3%). So,
2 1
1
2
0.9
1
,
0.9
or

=
=


Now,

1 1 1
2 2 2
2 1 2
1 2 1
1 2
2 1
2 1
,
1 240.2
, 1000 1088
0.9 245.2
A
A
A
A
A
A
E n
E n
n E
or
n E
E
or n n rpm
E

=
=
= = =


So, the new speed is 1088rpm. (Ans.)

Developed torque in the first case:
1 1 1
1
1
1
245.2 24
56.196
2 2
1000
60 60
A A
P E I
Nm
n

= = = =

(Ans.)

Developed torque in the second case:
2 2 2
2
2
2
240.2 49
103.3
2 2
1088
60 60
A A
P E I
Nm
n

= = = =

(Ans.)




Problem 2: A 230 V shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 and field resistance of 115 . At
no load the speed is 1200 rpm and armature current is 2.5A. When rated load is applied, the speed
drops to 1120 rpm. Determine the line current and input power when rated load is applied.


Solution 2:

We know that,
A
E k =

Here, the field resistance has not been changed.
So, the flux will remain constant. But speed has
changed, which will change the internally
generated voltage.

So,
1 1 1
2 2 2
2 1
1200
1120
1120
,
1200
A
A
A A
E n
E n
or E E

= = =
=


The constant terminal voltage is
V
T
=230 V (always assume that the terminal voltage or the supply voltage of a motor is
constant.)

For no load condition,
I
A1
=2.5A.

Applying KVL:

1 1
1 1
, 230 2.5 0.5 228.75
T A A A
A T A A
V E I R
or E V I R V
= +
= = =


So,
2 1
1120 1120
228.75 213.5
1200 1200
A A
E E V = = =

For, rated load condition, we apply KVL:

2 2
2
2
230 213.5
, 33
0.5
T A A A
T A
A
A
V E I R
V E
or I A
R
= +

= = =


We calculate line current by using KCL:
2 2 2 L F A
I I I = +
V
T

I
L

I
A
I
F

E
A

+

+

R
A
R
F

L
F

The field current can be calculated easily from:

2
230
2
115
T
F
F
V
I A
R
= = =

Now,
2 2 2
2 33 35
L F A
I I I A = + = + = (Ans.)

So, the input power at this condition is:
,2 2
230 35 8050
in T L
P V I W = = = (Ans.)


Problem 3: The speed of a 50hp series motor working of 500V supply is 750 rpm. At this speed the
efficiency of the motor is 90%. If the load torque is changed to 350 Nm, calculate the new speed of the
motor. Assume that the armature resistance and field resistance together is 0.5 .

Solution 3:

We know that,

A
k I =

and,
F
k I ' =

But for series motor,
F A
I I =

So,
A
k I ' =

And,
2 2
A A
kk I cI ' = =

So,
2
2
1 1 1
2
2 2 2
A A
A A
I I
I I

| |
= =
|
\ .


Now, load torque at first case is:
1
1
1
50 746
474.92
2
750
60 60
out out
P P
Nm
n

= = = =
2


Load torque in the second case is:
2
350Nm =

At initial condition, input power can be found from:
,1
50 746
41444.44
0.9
out
in
P
P W

= = =

V
T

I
L

I
F

+

R
F
L
F

I
A

E
A

+

R
A

But,
,1 1 in T A
P V I =
or,
,1
1
41444.44
82.89
500
in
A
T
P
I A
V
= = =

Now,
2
1 1
2 2
2
2 1
1
350
, 82.89 71.16
474.92
A
A
A A
I
I
or I I A

| |
=
|
\ .
= = =


From KVL:

1 1
1 1
( )
, ( ) 500 82.9 0.5 458.55
T A A A F
A T A A F
V E I R R
or E V I R R V
= + +
= + = =


Again,

2 2
2 2
( )
, ( ) 500 71.16 0.5 464.42
T A A A F
A T A A F
V E I R R
or E V I R R V
= + +
= + = =


Now,

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A A
A A
E n I n
E n I n


= = = (Because,
A
k I ' = )

or,
2 1
2 1
1 2
464.42 82.89
750 884
458.55 71.16
A A
A A
E I
n n rpm
E I
= = = (Ans.)