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Computer Engineering Circuits Voltage Current and Resistance

DK Electric Circuit

Chapter 2
Voltage Current and Resistance
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OUTLINE

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Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure

> 29 Electrons > Orbit the nucleus in four shells > 1 valence electron The valence Electrons of copper are not bound to the given atom but free to move. Free electrons make copper an excellent conductor .
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Categories of Materials Conductors

One to three valence electrons : Silver, Copper

Semiconductors
Four valence electrons : Silicon and germanium.

Insulators
More than four valence electrons.

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Electrical Charge
Electrical charge (Q) : an electrical property of matter that exists because of an excess or deficiency of electrons.

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Electrical Charge

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Electrical Charge

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Electrical Charge

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Positive and Negative Charge

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Voltage, Current and Resistance

Voltage

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Current

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Current

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Current

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Resistance

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Conductance

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Voltage And Current Source

Ideal Voltage Source

Voltage Source

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Voltage Source

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Voltage Source

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Voltage Source

Electronics Power Supply

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Current Source
Ideal Current Source

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Resistor

Fixed Resistors

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Resistor

Cutaway view of Resistors

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Resistor

Resistor Color Code

A B C D

Value of Resistor = AB x 10C D% Ohm

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Resistor

Resistor Color Code

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Resistor Color Code

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Resistor

For precision resistors with tolerances of 1%, 2% or less

A B C D E

Five-band Color Code

Value of Resistor = ABC x 10D E% Ohm

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Five-band Color Code

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Resistor Label Code

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Variable Resistor

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Variable Resistor

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Variable Resistor

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The Electric Circuit

Basic Circuit

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Basic Circuit

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Circuit Current Control

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Circuit Current Control

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Circuit Current Control

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Switch Type

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Several Varieties of Mechanical Switches

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Semiconductor Switches

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Protective Devices

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Wires
AWG : American Wire Gauge Cross-sectional area : Circular mil (CM) , one circular mil is the area of a wire with a diameter of 0.001 inch or 1/1000 Inch (1 mil)

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Wires

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Wires Resistance

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Wires Resistance

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Ground

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Example of using grounds in a circuit application

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Ground

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Basic Circuit measurements

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Measuring Current

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Measuring Voltage

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Measuring Resistance

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Summary

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