Reign

Emperor Birth Death Notes

Period

Zahiruddin
February 1526- December
Mohammed Founder of the Mughal Dynasty.
14, 1483 1530 26, 1530
Babur

Reign interrupted by Suri Dynasty. Youth

Nasiruddin
March 6, 1530- January and inexperience at ascension led to his
Mohammed
1508 1540 1556 being regarded as a less effective ruler than
Humayun
usurper, Sher Shah Suri.

Deposed Humayun and led the Suri

1540- Dynasty; introduced tight, effective
Sher Shah Suri 1472 May 1545
1545 administration policies that would later be
adopted by Akbar.

2nd and last ruler of the Suri Dynasty, with

1545- less control of the empire than his father;
Islam Shah Suri c.1500 1554
1554 claims of sons Sikandar and Adil Shah were
eliminated by Humayun's restoration.

Restored rule was more unified and

Humayun March 6, 1555- January
effective than initial reign of 1530-1540; left
(restored) 1508 1556 1556
unified empire for his son, Akbar.

Akbar added the most territory to the

Empire and is regarded as the most
illustrious ruler of the Mughal Dynasty; he
Jalaluddin
November 1556- October married Jodhaa,a princess, from Rajputana
Mohammed
14, 1542 1605 27, 1605 like him, Jodhaa was a Hindu and many
Akbar
opposed at first, but under him, harmonic
Muslim/Hindu relations were at their
highest.

Jahangir set the precedent for sons rebelling

against their Emperor fathers. Opened first
Nuruddin relations with the British East India
October 1605-
Mohammed 1627 Company. Reportedly was an alcoholic and
1569 1627
Jahangir his wife Empress Nur Jahan became the real
power behind the throne and competently
ruled in his place.

Under him, Mughal art and architecture

Shahabuddin reached their zenith; constructed the Taj
January 5, 1627-
Mohammed 1666 Mahal, Jahangir mausoleum and Shalimar
1592 1658
Shah Jahan Gardens in Lahore. Deposed and
imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb.

Moinuddin October 1658- March 3, Much less extravagant or tolerant of

Mohammed 21, 1618 1707 1707 Hinduism/Sikhism than his predecessors;
 brought the empire to its greatest physical
extent and imposed Islamic Sharia on the
Aurangzeb
Mughal Empire. Extreme policies left many
Alamgir
enemies to undermine the empire after his
death.

First of the Mughal emperors to preside

Bahadur Shah I over a steady and severe decline in the
October 1707- February
a.k.a Shah empire's control and power. During and
14, 1643 1712 1712
Alaam I after his reign, the emperor became a
progressively insignificant figurehead.

1712- February
Jahandar Shah 1664
1713 1713

In 1717 he granted a firman to the English

1713- East India Company granting them duty free
Furrukhsiyar 1683 1719
1719 trading rights for Bengal, and confirmed
their position in India.

Rafi Ul-Darjat Unknown 1719 1719

Rafi Ud-Daulat
a.k.a Shah Unknown 1719 1719
Jahan II

Nikusiyar Unknown 1719 1743

Mohammed
Unknown 1720 1744
Ibrahim

1719-
Mohammed 1720, Suffered the invasion of Nadir-Shah of
1702 1748
Shah 1720- Persia in 1739.
1748

Ahmad Shah
1725 1748-54 1754
Bahadur

1754-
Alamgir II 1699 1759
1759

Briefly
Shah Jahan III Unknown 1770s
in 1759

Suffered the invasion of Ahmed-Shah-

Abdali in 1761; granted the 'Nizami' of
1759-
Shah Alaam II 1728 1806 Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the BEIC in
1806
1765, formally accepted the protection of
the BEIC in 1803.
 1806-
Akbar Shah II 1760 1837 titular figurehead under British protection
1837

1837- Deposed by the British and exiled to Burma

Bahadur Shah II 1775 1862
1857 following the Great Mutiny.

[edit] See also

• Emperor of India
• List of Indian Monarchs
• Charlemagne to the Mughals
[hide]
v•d•e
Mughal Empire (1526 – 1857)

Emperors Babur · Humayun · Akbar · Jahangir · Shah Jahan · Aurangzeb · Lesser Mughals

First battle of Panipat · Second battle of Panipat · Third battle of Panipat · Battle
Events
of Haldighati

Mughal architecture · Humayun's Tomb · Agra Fort · Badshahi Mosque · Lahore

Architecture Fort · Red Fort · Taj Mahal · Shalimar Gardens · Tomb of Jahangir · Bibi Ka
Maqbara · See also

Ibrahim Lodhi · Sher Shah Suri · Maharana Pratap · Hemu · Gokula · Shivaji ·
Adversaries
Guru Gobind Singh · Khushal Khan Khattak