EC0012 : Solid State Devices

Objectives:
To understand
• Semiconductor physics
• Bipolar Devices viz. diode, BJT
• Unipolar devices viz. JFET and MOSFET
• Basic BJT configurations
• Small signal analysis of semiconductor devices
• Frequency response of an amplifier

Unit 1 : Semiconductor Physics ( 7 Hrs )

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Conduction mechanism in extrinsic semiconductors,
Carrier concentrations, Semiconductor equations and carrier statistics: Poisson's and
continuity equation, Excess carriers, Recombination process, Conductivity, Mobility, Mass
action law, Einstein relationship, Concept of band diagram (E-K and Energy vs distance)
pertaining to semiconductor materials used in modern semiconductor devices.

Unit 2 : Semiconductor Diode ( 6 Hrs )

Open circuited step graded junction, Energy Band diagram of p-n junction, Metallurgical
junctions and Ohmic contacts, Depletion region, Barrier potential, Forward and reverse
biased diode operation, V-I characteristic equation of diode, Temperature dependence of V-I
characteristics, Forward and reverse dynamic resistance, Small signal and large signal diode
models, junction capacitances, Diode data sheet specifications.

Unit 3 : Bipolar Junction Transistor ( 8 Hrs )

BJT as a device, concept of amplification, BJT configurations, biasing BJT, DC analysis of
BJT circuits, Typical junction voltages for cutoff, active and saturation regions, Voltage
divider bias and its analysis for stability factors, Small signal-low frequency h-parameter
model, Variation of h-parameters with operating point, Other small signal models, Single
stage BJT amplifiers (CE, CB, CC), Analysis of CE configuration for AV, Ri, RO, AI, AVS, AIS
in terms of h-parameters, Comparison of performance parameters with CB and CC
configurations. Small signal and DC data sheet specifications for BJT. Power BJT
construction, Data sheet specifications, Thermal resistance, Safe operating area (SOA)

Unit 4 : Field Effect Transistor ( 7 Hrs )

JFET construction, Symbol, Basic operation, V-I Characteristics, Transfer Characteristics
(Shockley's Equation), Cut-off & Pinch-off voltages, Transconductance, Input resistance &
Capacitance. Drain to Source resistance. Biasing of JFET - Biasing against device variation,
biasing for zero current drift. JFET data sheet specifications. JFET as an amplifier, small
signal JFET model, analysis of CS, CD, CG amplifiers using small signal JFET model.
Unit 5 : MOSFET ( 7 Hrs )
MIS structures, two terminal structure: MOS capacitor, concept of accumulation, depletion
and inversion; four terminal structure: MOSFET, its I-V characteristics, drain current
equation in terms of W/L, second order effects, brief introduction to MOS scaling and scaling
issues viz. short channel effects. Power MOSFET Construction, Comparison with power BJT

Unit 6 : Frequency Response of Amplifiers ( 7Hrs )

Concept of frequency response, Human ear response to audio frequencies, significance of
Octaves and Decades. The decibel unit. Square wave testing of amplifiers, Miller's theorem.
Effect of coupling, bypass, junction and stray capacitances on frequency response for BJT
and FET amplifiers. Concept of dominant pole.

Outcome:
At the end of this course, students will be able to
• Explain constructional details
• Plot I-V characteristics of various semiconductor devices.
• Classify basic amplifier configurations
• Perform DC as well as AC analysis of amplifiers
• Plot frequency response of amplifier

Text Books
1. Millman Halkias, Electronic Device & Circuits, Tata McGraw Hill
2. Thomas L. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Pearson Education

Reference Books

1. B.G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
2. Millman Halkias, Integrated Electronics, Tata McGraw Hill
3. Millman Grabel, Microelectronics, Tata McGraw Hill
4. Thomas L. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Pearson Education
 EC0022 : Communication Engineering

Objectives: After studying this subject students will learn

● Need of analog communication and advantages of digital communication
● Necessity of modulation
● Basic AM and FM circuits
● Measurement of noise in communication system
● Antenna fundamentals and Mechanism of wave propagation
● Electronic and Cordless telephony

Unit 1 : Introduction To Communication System ( 6 Hrs )

Definition of communication, analog communication & digital communication,
Communication System, Types of communications, Base band Communication – Merits,
demerits, applications, Need for modulation, RF Spectrum and its use, Communication
Channels

Unit 2 : Amplitude Modulation ( 8 Hrs )

AM concepts, Derivation of an AM equation, Modulation index, efficiency, power relations,
Low level and high level AM transmitters, DSB-SC and SSB-SC AM – Need, circuits,
merits, demerits, Frequency Division Multiplexing

Unit 3 : Angle Modulation ( 7 Hrs )

Basic principles of FM and PM, Mathematical representation, Modulation index and
sidebands, Noise suppression effects of FM, FM generation methods, circuits, NBFM and
WBFM, Comparison – AM, FM, PM

Unit 4 : Communication Receivers ( 7 Hrs )

Basic principles of signal reproduction, Super heterodyne Receivers, Frequency conversion,
Intermediate frequency and image frequency, AM detectors – Simple diode detector, practical
diode detector, DSBSC and SSBSC detectors, FM detectors – Phase discriminator, ratio-
detector, Noise – Classification, expressing noise levels, noise in cascaded stages

Unit 5 : Antennas and Wave Propagation ( 7 Hrs )

Antenna Fundamentals –Radio waves, Antenna operation, Antenna Reciprocity, Basic
Antenna; Common Antenna Types; Radio wave propagation – Optical characteristics of
Radio Waves, propagation through space, calculating received power; Common propagation
problems – Multipath fading, shadow fading, Rayleigh fading, remedies on these problems
Unit 6 : Telephone Communication ( 7 Hrs )
Telephones – The local loop, Telephone set, Electronic Telephone – Electronic Telephone,
Microprocessor control, voice mail, caller ID, Line interference, Digitally Enhanced Cordless
Telephones – Concepts, frequency allocations, features, capabilities and limitations,
Telephone System – Hierarchy, Private Telephone System, Internet Telephony

Outcomes: Students will be able to

● Build simple AM modulator, Low level AM Transmitter
● Analyze AM and FM signals and their spectrums
● Define and measure radio performance characteristics
● Know latest technology of Electronics and cordless telephony

Text Books
1. Louis E Frenzel, ‘Principles of Electronic Communication Systems’, TMH
Publication, Third Edition
Ref Books
1. Kennedy & Devis, ‘Electronic Communication’, TMH Publication
2. Dennis Roddy & Coolen, ‘Electronic Communication’, PHI Publication
 EC0032: Feedback Control Systems

Prerequisites :
• Linear differential equations with constant coefficients.
• Elementary matrix manipulations (such as determinant and inverse).
• Adequate familiarity with computers. Familiar with software tool like MATLAB will
be the added advantage

Objectives:
• Develop fundamentals associated with the analysis, design and simulation of feedback
control systems for electronics students.

Unit 1: Introduction to Control Systems ( 4 Hrs )

Basic Concepts of control systems with examples: Open-loop and closed-loop systems.
Representation of physical Systems-Electrical, Mechanical, F-V and F-I analogies,
Electromechanical systems. Differential equations and Transfer functions

Unit 2: Block diagram representation and analysis ( 4 Hrs )

Block Diagram Algebra, Signal Flow graph, Conversion of Block Diagram to Signal Flow
Graph, Conversion of Signal Flow Graph to Block Diagram

Unit 3: Time Domain Analysis of Control Systems ( 6 Hrs )

Introduction, Standard input signals like Impulse, Step, Ramp, and Sinusoidal. 1st order
system, 2ndorder system and their Response to impulse, step and ramp inputs. Time Domain
Specifications of 1st and 2nd Order Systems.

Unit 4: Pole zero plots and analysis ( 4 Hrs )

Introduction, Pole-Zero Plots, Effects of Addition of Poles and Zeros on Stability, Hurwitz
Criteria Routh Array

Unit 5: Frequency Domain Analysis of Control Systems ( 5 Hrs )

Introduction, Frequency Response and Frequency Domain Specifications, Correlation
between Frequency and Time Domain Specifications,

Unit 6: Frequency domain plots and stability analysis ( 5 Hrs )

Bode Plot, Stability Analysis of systems. Introduction to Polar plot and Nyquist plot
Outcomes:
Upon studying this subject the student will know the basic concepts of feedback control
system

Text Books
1. K. Ogata- Modern Control Engineering, Pearson education India, Fourth
edition, 2002.
2. B. C. Kuo- Automatic control systems, Prentice –Hall of India, Seventh
Edition, 2000.
Reference Books
1. Norman S. Nise- Control systems Engineering, John Wiley and sons.Inc, Third
Edition, Singapore, 2001.
2. R.C.Dorf and R.H. Bishop- Modern Control systems, Addison-Wesley, Eighth
Edition, 1999.
3. I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal- Control systems Engineering, New age
International Publishers, Third Edition, India, 2001.
 CS4012 : Data Structures and Algorithm

Prerequisites:

1. Basics of ‘ C’ Programming Language

Objectives:

• To study efficient algorithms for a number of fundamental problems

• To study techniques for designing algorithms using appropriate data structures,
• To understand the correctness of an algorithms
• To design an algorithm
• To calculate the time complexity and space complexity of an algorithm
• To optimize the algorithms
• To apply the algorithm to find the solution of given problem..
• To create data structures depending on the application.

Unit 1: Analysis of Algorithms and Fundamentals of Data Structures (6 Hrs)

Analysis of algorithm, Performance Consideration, Time and Space Complexity, Asymptotic

notation, Data Type, Data Object and Data Structure, Abstract Data Structure (ADT). Types
of Data Structures, Searching and Sorting Techniques, Hashing

Unit 2: Linear Data Structures (5 Hrs)

Concept of sequential organization and Ordered List, Linear Data Structured using Linked
organization: Dynamic Memory Management, Types of Linked List
Concept of stack, stack as ADT , Representation of Stack using Array and Linked List
Concept of queue, Queue as ADT, Representation of Queue using Array and Linked List

Unit 3: Applications of Linear Data Structures (5 Hrs)

Generalized Linked List, Polynomial Manipulations, Infix to Postfix Conversion and

Evaluation, Validity of Parenthesis, Types of queue - Circular Queue, Priority Queue etc

Unit 4: Non Linear Data Structures - Trees (4 Hrs)

Basic Terminology of Trees, Concept of Binary Tree, Construction and Traversal of BT

Concept of Binary Search Tree and Threaded Binary Tree,

Unit 5: Non Linear Data Structures - Graphs (4 Hrs)

Basic Terminology of Graphs, Types of Graphs, Graph Representation, Elementary Graph

Operation and Graph Traversal

Unit 6: Applications of Non Linear Data Structures (4 Hrs)

Heap sort using Tree, OBST, Spanning Tree – Kruskal’s and Prim’s Algorithm
Shortest path algorithm. – Dijksta’s Shortest Path Algorithm

Outcomes
Students will be able to:

• Identify the suitable algorithm for any given problem.

• Explain the sorting and searching algorithms.
• Apply the algorithm for any given problem.
• Calculate the time and space complexity of the algorithm.
• Determine whether the algorithm is better and able to give reasoning.
• Optimize the given algorithm based on the time and space complexity.
• Classify different data structures.
• Create the data structure for any given problem.
• Design different operations on the given data structures.

Text books

1. Tenenbaum A M & Langsam Y: Data Structure Using C. Prentice Hall Of India

New Del, 1991
2. Horowits E & Sahni S: Fundamentals Of Data Structures. Gurgaon. Galgotia
Book Source New Delhi, 1983/1976

Reference:

1. Kruse R L, Leung B P & Tondo C L: Data Structure And Programming Design In C.

Prentice Hall Of
India Pvt.ltd, 1991
2. Kakde O G & Deshpande ,” Data Structures And Algorithms”. Indian Society For
Technical E, 2001
3. Sahni S: Data Structures, Algorithms,& Applications In C++. Mcgraw Hill
Boston, 1998
 ES0142 : Engineering Mathematics –III

Prerequisites: Engineering Mathematics I and Engineering Mathematics II.

Objectives:
• To achieve a fluency with Mathematical tools which is an essential weapon in modern
Graduate Engineer’s Armory and the balance between the development of
understanding and mastering of solution techniques with emphasis being on the
development of student’s ability to use Mathematics with understanding to solve
Engineering problems by retaining the philosophy of “learning by doing”.

Unit-1. Linear Differential equations of higher order. (7 Hrs)

Homogeneous Linear Equations of Second Order, Higher Order Homogeneous & Non
Homogeneous Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients, Solutions by
undetermined coefficients and Variation Of Parameters method ,Euler – Cauchy Equation,
Application of system of ordinary differential equations.

Unit-2. Laplace and Z Transform (7 Hrs)

Introduction and definition of Laplace Transform, Transforms of simple functions, basic
properties of Laplace Transform, Inverse Laplace Transform and its evaluation. Laplace
Transform of unit step function, impulse function & periodic functions, Applications to
enggineering Problems. Introduction to Z Transform, properties of Z-Transform, Inverse Z-
Transform, application of Z-transform to difference equations.

Unit-3. The Fourier Transform (7 Hrs)

Complex Fourier series and frequency spectrum ,Fourier integrals, Fourier Transform pair,
The continuous Fourier spectra, properties of Fourier Transform, linearity, time difference,
time shift, frequency shift and symmetry properties. The frequency response: relationship
between Fourier Transform and Laplace Transform The frequency response, Transforms of
the step and impulse function: Energy and power, convolution & application to Engineering
problems.

Unit-4. Vector Calculus (7 Hrs)

Vector and scalar functions & fields, Derivative, Gradient of a scalar field, Directional
derivative, Divergence and curl of a vector field, vector identities, Irrotational and solenoidal
vectors and potential functions, line and surface integrals, Green’s, Stoke’s and Gauss
theorems and applications to Engineering Problems.
Unit-5. Numerical Methods (7 Hrs)
Numerical solution of linear & nonlinear algebraic & transcendental equations. Integration by
Trapazoidal and Simpson’s rules. Numerical solution of first order differential equations:
Euler’s method, multistep methods, predictor corrector method and Runge-Kutta method.
Numerical solution of second order differential equation.

Unit -6. Probability and Statistics (7 Hrs)

Probability and rules of probability, Random variables, Probability distributions, Mean and
variance of distributions, Binomial, Poisson ,Hypergeometric and Normal distributions.
Regression and correlation analysis.

Outcomes:
By the end of this module students are expected to demonstrate the knowledge of
• Linear differential equations for modeling of a linear systems and its solutions by
classical, transform techniques and numerical methods.
• Solutions of difference equations by using Z-transforms.
• Derivative , integration of vector function, gradient ,divergence and curl of a vector
function. Its physical and geometrical interpretation with Gauss divergence , Stokes’
theorem and its applications to electromagnetic theory.
• Statistical distributions, regression and correlation analysis.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Erwin Kreyszig, ‘Advanced Engineering Mathematics’, John Wiley and sons (8th Edition),
inc., 2003.
2. Dr. B.S. Grewal, ‘Higher Engineering Mathematics’, Khanna Publishers, Delhi (38th
Edition), 2000.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Murray R. Spiegel ‘Advanced Calculus’ by [Schaum’s out line series],1981.
2. Thomas, G. B. and Finney,’Calculus and analytic Geometry, Wesley/Narosa, (6th Edition)
1985.
3. Dennis G. Zill and Michael R. Cullen, ‘Advanced Engineering Mathematics’, CBS New
Delhi, (2nd Edition), 2000.
4. Michael D.Greenberg, ‘Advanced Engineering Mathematics’, Prentice Hall International,
(second Edition), 1998.
5. C. Ray Wylie, Louis C Barrett R, ‘Advanced Engineering Mathematics’, McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 6th Ed,2003.
6. Pipes and Harvill, ‘Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists’, McGraw-Hill
Book Company, 3rd Ed. 1984.
7. Larry C., Andrews & Ronald L. Philips, ‘Mathematical Techniques for Engineers &
scientists’, PHI Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Indian reprint by SPIE, 2005.
8. Alan Jeffrey, ‘Advanced Engineering Mathematics’, Academic Press, 1st Ed., 2002.
9. M. K. Jain, S.R.K Iyengar & R .K. Jain, ‘Numerical Methods for scientific & engineering
computations’, Wiley Eastern Ltd., (2nd edition), New Delhi,1991.
 EC5012 : Solid State Devices

Objectives:
Students should learn to verify experimentally
• Transfer characteristics of device under study
• Biasing of the device
• Build and test amplifier circuit
• Simulate amplifier circuit
• Frequency response of an amplifier

List of Practicals

1. Study of JFET drain and transfer characteristics.

2. JFET biasing arrangement Graphical method.
3. Build and Test JFET CS amplifier.
Find performance parameters for JFET amplifier - AV, Ri, RO.
4. Simulation of JFET CS amplifier using multisim/spice.
Find performance parameters for JFET amplifier - AV, Ri, RO and compare with
theoretical and practical results.
5. Input and Output Characteristics of BJT CE configuration. Find h parameters from
characteristics.
6. Build and Test BJT in CE amplifier and find performance parameters - AV, Ri, RO, AI
7. Simulation of BJT CE amplifier using multisim/spice
Find performance parameters for BJT amplifier - AV, Ri, RO, AI and compare with
theoretical and practical results.
8. Comparison of CE, CC, CB configurations in terms of AV, Ri, RO, AI.
9. Study of MOSFET drain and transfer characteristics
10. Frequency response - For BJT/ FET single stage amplifiers - Effect of unbypassed
RE and RS. Effect of coupling and bypass capacitors on low frequency cut-off.

Outcome:

At the end of this course, students will be able to verify experimentally

• Transfer characteristics of device under study
• Biasing of the device
• Build and test amplifier circuit
• Simulate amplifier circuit
• Frequency response of an amplifier
Text Books
1. Millman Halkias, Electronic Device & Circuits, Tata McGraw Hill
2. Thomas L. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Pearson Education

Reference Books

1. B.G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
2. Millman Halkias, Integrated Electronics, Tata McGraw Hill
3. Millman Grabel, Microelectronics, Tata McGraw Hill
4. Thomas L. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Pearson Education
5. Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky, ‘Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory’ Prentice
Hall Publication
 EC5022: Communication Engineering

Objectives:
● To analyze different modulated signals in time domain and frequency domain
● To understand bandwidth requirement, power, modulation index of AM and FM signals
● To realize measurement of performance parameters of super heterodyne receiver
● To know radiation pattern of yagi antenna
● To simulate the performance of analog communication system in presence of noise in
MATLAB environment
List of Practicals
1. Fourier Analysis of signals such as sine wave, triangular wave, square wave using
Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO)
2. Generation and detection of DSB-FC (AM) signal
3. Generation and detection of DSB-SC signal
4. Generation and detection of SSB-SC signal
5. IC Based FM Generation & demodulation using ratio-detector
6. Measurement of receiver characteristics
7. Measurement of radiation pattern for Yagi Antenna
8. Design and implementation of analog communication system in presence of noise in
MATLAB environment
a. Use any one modulation technique from DSF-FC, DSB-SC, SSB, FM.
b. For addition of noise Random noise, Gaussian noise, Rayleigh fading noise
can be considered

Outcomes:
After the end of course, students will be able to
i. Design and build AM and FM modulators
ii. Measure selectivity, sensitivity and fidelity of radio receiver
iii. Plot radiation pattern of any antenna
iv. Implement a complete analog communication system in MATLAB
Text Books
1. Louis E Frenzel, ‘Principles of Electronic Communication Systems’, TMH
Publication, Third Edition
Ref Books
1. Kennedy & Devis, ‘Electronic Communication’, TMH Publication
2. Dennis Roddy & Coolen, ‘Electronic Communication’, PHI Publication
 EC5032 : Feedback Control System

Prerequisites :
• Linear differential equations with constant coefficients.
• Elementary matrix manipulations (such as determinant and inverse).
• Adequate familiarity with computers. Familiar with software tool like MATLAB will
be the added advantage

Objectives:
• Develop fundamentals associated with the analysis, design and simulation of feedback
control systems for electronics students.

List of Practicals

1. Detail study of any one of the following physical systems

a. Temperature control systems
b. Pressure control systems
c. Flow control systems
d. Level control systems
2. Obtain step and impulse response of Level system. Find the time constant of the level
system
3. Obtain step and impulse response of R-C/R-L system
4. Obtain the transfer function and of time domain specifications of R-L-C network and
Investigate stability by Hurwitz criteria
5. Investigate stability of second/third order system by Routh criteria
6. Obtain gain margin and phase margin and correspond frequencies of second/third
order system
7. Investigate stability of given(Instructor will provide the appropriate model to
students) system using Bode

Outcomes:
Upon studying this subject the student will know the basic concepts of feedback control
system
Text Books
1. K. Ogata- Modern Control Engineering, Pearson education India, Fourth
edition, 2002.
2. B. C. Kuo- Automatic control systems, Prentice –Hall of India, Seventh
Edition, 2000.

Reference Books
1. Norman S. Nise- Control systems Engineering, John Wiley and sons.Inc, Third
Edition, Singapore, 2001.

2. R.C.Dorf and R.H. Bishop- Modern Control systems, Addison-Wesley, Eighth

edition, 1999.

3. I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal- Control systems Engineering, New age

International Publishers, Third Edition, India, 2001
 IC5902: Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements

Objectives: To provide adequate concepts in

• Measurement Errors
• Basic Instruments
• Different Probes
• Methods of Measurement
• Advancement in Measurement

Unit 1 : Introduction To Basics ( 3 Hrs )

Introduction to electronic instrumentation and measurements, types of instruments, classification of
instruments, basic definitions, Error Analysis, Units of Measurements, Statistical Analysis

Unit 2 : Requirements For Actual Measurement ( 2 Hrs )

Types of Transducers, Sensors & their Applications, Signal Conditioning Circuits, Types of Probes
and Connectors

Unit 3 : Measurements ( 5 Hrs )

Methods of measurement, Direct / Indirect Methods, Bridges, Resonance Methods, Current
measurement
Peak to Peak, rms and average Voltage Measurements, TRMS meter, Time measurements, Frequency
measurements

Unit 4 : Components Measurement ( 1 Hr )

L /C / R - Q Measurement

Unit 5 : Oscilloscope ( 2
Hrs )

Cathode Ray Oscilloscope, Digital Storage Oscilloscope

Unit 6 : Advancement In Measurement ( 1 Hrs )

Automation of Instruments, Digital Instruments
Outcomes:
After successful completion of the course students will be able to
• Measure different parameters
• Compare the instruments and select proper instrument for the application
• Calculate the errors in Measurement
• Design basic measurement system

Text Books

1. Oliver Cage, “Electric Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw Hill.

2. J. J. Carr, “Digital Instrumentation”

Reference Books

1. H.S. Kalsi, “Digital Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw Hill.

2. Coombs, “Electronic Instrumentation Handbook”.
3. A. J. Bowons, “Digital Communication”.
4. Cooper Helfric, “Electric Instrumentation & Measurement Techniques”, Prentice Hall
5. M. M. S. Anand, “Electric Instrument & Instrumentation Techniques”
 IC5902: Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements

Objective:
To introduce all basic measuring instruments with front panel controls.

List of Practicals

1. Voltage, current and resistance measurement using multimeters, component testing

using multimeters
2. Observe & measure voltage by voltage source and waveforms by function generator
on CRO
3. High frequency measurement using DSO, storing and retrieving of results of
mathematical operations on DSO
4. Quality factor measurement of inductor and capacitor using LCR-Q meter
5. Measurement of THD using distortion factor meter
6. Measurement by higher and lower range DMMs and compare accuracy
7. Time measurement, frequency measurement, ratio measurement using frequency
counter
8. Observe spectrum of sine, square and triangular waveform using spectrum analyzer
9. Capture RLC transient using DSO.
10. Measurement of radio receiver parameters.

Outcome:
After successful completion of the course students will be able to select proper instrument for
measurement and compare the same with measurement by another instrument.

Text Books

1. Oliver Cage, “Electric Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw Hill.

2. J. J. Carr, “Digital Instrumentation”

Reference Books:
Manuals of all the instruments
 CS9012: Data Structures and Algorithm

Objectives:

• Learn techniques for implementing algorithms using appropriate data structures.

List of Practicals

1. Implement the following searching algorithms

i. Binary Search
ii. Linear search
2. Implement the following sorting algorithms
i. Bubble Sort
ii. Insertion Sort
iii. Quick Sort
iv. Merge Sort.
3. Create and manipulate database using structures.
4. Create and manipulate database using Singly Linked List
5. Implement
i. Doubly Linked List
ii. Circular Linked List
6. Implement Stack
i. using array and
ii. linked list
7. Implement Queue
i. using array and
ii. linked list
8. Write a program to add two polynomials
9. Write a program to convert expression in infix form to postfix form
10. Write a program to create binary tree and perform operations on it.
11. Write a program to create graph using adjacency list/matrix
12. Write a program to find shortest path using Dijkstra’s Algorithm

Comment: Use C programming language.

Outcome:
Students should be able to
• Implement an algorithm and data structure.
• Development of good and efficient programming skills.
Text books

1. Tenenbaum A M & Langsam Y: Data Structure Using C. Prentice Hall Of India

New Del, 1991
2. Horowits E & Sahni S: Fundamentals Of Data Structures. Gurgaon. Galgotia
Book Source New Delhi, 1983/1976

Reference:

1. Kruse R L, Leung B P & Tondo C L: Data Structure And Programming Design In C. Prentice
Hall Of
India Pvt.ltd, 1991
2. Kakde O G & Deshpande ,” Data Structures And Algorithms”. Indian Society For
Technical E, 2001
3. Sahni S: Data Structures, Algorithms,& Applications In C++. Mcgraw Hill Boston, 1998
 EC0042 : Signals and Systems

Prerequisites:.
Calculus and Complex numbers.

Objectives:

In this subject students will learn

● Continuous-time and discrete-time concepts in an unified way
● Operations on signals which forms the conception about different topics to be covered in
future subjects related to signal processing
● Significance of LTI systems and its analysis
● Fourier series representation of different signals and its applications
● How to solve complicated differential equations using Laplace Transform and its use in
analysis of LTI system
● Concept of correlation, implication of ESD and PSD
● Use of random variables to solve problems on probability and random signals

Unit 1 : Introduction To Signals And Systems ( 7 Hrs )

Definition and classification of signals, Test signals – Sine, unit step, unit ramp, unit impulse,
exponential, Signal operations – Operations performed on dependent and independent
variables, Definition and classification of systems

Unit 2 : Linear Time-Invariant Systems ( 7 Hrs )

Introduction to LTI systems, Discrete-time LTI systems – The Convolution sum, Continuous-
time LTI systems – The Convolution integral, Properties of LTI systems – Commutative,
Distributive, Associative; Invertibility, Causality, Stability of LTI system, LTI system with
and without memory

Unit 3 : Fourier Analysis of Signals ( 7 Hrs )

Conception of Fourier Series and Fourier Transform, Response of LTI systems to Complex
Exponentials, Fourier series representation of Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Periodic
Signals, Fourier Series and LTI systems, LTI systems as frequency selective and frequency
shaping filters, Fourier series representation of Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Periodic
Signals
Unit 4 : Laplace Transform ( 7 Hrs )
Introduction and need, Definition – Unilateral and Bi lateral Laplace Transform, The Region
of convergence, The Inverse Laplace Transform, Properties of the Laplace Transform,
Analysis and characterization of LTI system using Laplace Transform

Unit 5 : Correlation, Energy Spectral Density And Power Spectral Density ( 7 Hrs )
Correlation and Correlogram, The Correlation Function, Autocorrelation – Properties,
Examples and Applications, Cross correlation – Properties, Examples and Applications,
Correlation and Fourier Series, Energy Spectral Density – Concept, Relation with
Autocorrelation, Power Spectral Density – Concept, Relation with Autocorrelation

Unit 6 : Probability and Random Variables ( 7 Hrs )

Probability Theory – Sample space, events, definition of probability, conditional probability,
statistical independence, Random variables – conception, continuous and discrete random
variable, Cumulative Distributive Function, Probability Density Function & their properties,
Transformation of random variables, statistical averages, mean, moments, expectations,
standard deviation, variance, Probability Models – Binomial, Gaussian, Uniform, Poisson,
Rayleigh, Random Process, Ergodic and stationary process

Outcomes:
After studying the syllabus, students will be able to
• Classify various signals and systems
• Analyze LTI systems
• Analyze various signals in frequency domain using various transforms

Text Books
1. Haykin Simon & Veen Barry Van, ‘Signals And Systems’ New York. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc, 1999Simon Hykin,Signals and Systems
2. Roberts Michael J, ‘Signals and Systems’ New Delhi. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Limited, 2003.

Reference Books
1. Oppenheim Alan V, Willsky Alan S & Nawab Hamid: Signals And Systems. (2) New
Delhi. Prentice Hall Of India, 2004
2. Nagrath I J, Sharan S N, Ranjan R & Kumar S: Signals And Systems. New Delhi.
Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing, 2001
 List of Tutorials

1. Study characteristics & features of following signals in continuous time(CT) &

discrete
time (DT) domain: impulse, step, ramp , sine, cosine, exponential.
Characteristics & features : periodic / non periodic, even / odd symmetric, random
/deterministic, energy / power, real / complex etc
.
2. Simple signal processing operations: sum, product, difference, scaling, even / odd,
time
shifting & time scaling, differentiation & integration

3. Study various types of systems in CT / DT domains on the basis of linearity / non

linearity, time in variance, memory, stability, causality etc.

4. Study of characteristics of systems in terms of input -output relationship, convolution

integral/sum, differential / difference equation.

5. Fourier transform evaluation for following signals : i) Gate function (rectangular

pulse) ii) Gaussian function. Draw amplitude & phase spectrum

6. To verify properties of Fourier transform such as : i) Scaling ii) Symmetry iii)

Modulation iv) Time shifting

7. a) Analysis of typical signals using Laplace transform

b) Solution of typical differential equations using Laplace transform (with initial
conditions)

8. Advanced signal processing operations : i. Auto-correlation and cross correlation ii.

Covariance iii. Energy and Power spectral density

Outcomes: At the end of this course, students will be able to

1. Classify various signals and systems
2. Analyze LTI systems
3. Analyze various signals in frequency domain using various transforms

Text Books
1. Haykin Simon & Veen Barry Van: Signals And Systems. New York. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc, 1999Simon Hykin,Signals and Systems
2. M. J. Roberts Signals and Systems

Reference Books
1. Oppenheim Alan V, Willsky Alan S & Nawab Hamid: Signals And Systems. (2) New
Delhi. Prentice Hall Of India, 2004
 EC0052: Electronic Circuits Analysis

Objectives:
To understand
• Diode applications
• Small signal multistage BJT amplifiers
• Concept of Feedback and Oscillator
• High frequency BJT analysis
• Large Signal BJT amplifier
• Voltage regulators

Unit 1 : Diode Applications ( 7 Hrs )

Diode Rectifiers : Half wave, full wave, Bridge Rectifiers, Output Waveforms, definitions
and derivations of various parameters like RF, Average DC current, efficiency, TUF. Clipping
and Clamping circuits : Series and parallel forms of clipping circuits, , their operation and
transfer characteristics. Clamping circuits.
Voltage multiplier circuits: Working and comparison of voltage doubler, tripler and voltage
quadrapler configurations. Limitations of voltage multiplier circuits. Effect of frequency on
load regulation.

Unit 2 : Small signal Multistage BJT Amplifiers ( 7 Hrs )

Need for multistage amplifiers and suitability of CE, CC and CB configurations in multistage
amplifiers, Analysis of cascade and cascode connections, N stage cascade amplifier, band
pass of cascaded stages (effect on frequency response), Concept of GBW.

Unit 3 : Feedback Amplifiers and Oscillators ( 8 Hrs )

Concept of feedback, Negative feedback, Four Feedback topologies, Transfer gain with
feedback, Advantages and disadvantages of negative feedback, Effect of feedback on input
and output impedances and bandwidth of an amplifier. Analysis of one circuit for each
feedback topology. OSCILLATORS : Positive feedback, Oscillator startup mechanism, need
for amplitude limiting. Study of LC oscillators - General form of LC oscillator. Hartley
oscillator, Colpitts oscillator, Clapp oscillator. Crystal oscillator.

Unit 4 : High frequency, small signal BJT amplifiers ( 7 Hrs )

Behavior of transistor at high frequencies, High frequency hybrid π CE amplifier model, CE
short circuit current gain, Definitions and derivations for fα, fβ and fT, Amplifier bandwidth
taking into account source and load resistances, Techniques to improve bandwidth. Single
tuned, Double tuned and stagger tuned amplifiers, Unloaded and loaded Q. Effect of
staggering on bandwidth.

Unit 5 : Large Signal AF BJT Amplifiers ( 6 Hrs )

Classes of power amplifiers - Class A, Class B, Class AB, class C, class D. Class A with
resistive load, Transformer coupled class A amplifier, Class B Push-pull, Class AB,
Complementary symmetry and Quasi-complementary configurations. Efficiency analysis for
all, Comparison of efficiencies, Distortions in amplifiers, concept of Total Harmonic
Distortion (THD).

Unit 6 : Linear voltage regulators and voltage references ( 7 Hrs )

Block schematic of linear regulators. Emitter follower regulator, Transistor series regulator
and its analysis for performance parameters. 3 terminal floating, dual and adjustable
regulators. Method of boosting output current using external series pass transistor.
Performance parameters - Load and Line regulation, Ripple rejection, Output resistance and
efficiency. Protection circuits - Reverse polarity protection, over current, fold back current
limiting, over voltage protections. Important data sheet specifications of linear regulators.
Voltage references, their peculiarities and applications.

Outcomes:
At the end of this course, students will be able to analyze
• Diode circuits
• Small signal and large signal BJT amplifier circuits
• Voltage regulator circuits

Text Books :
1. Millman Halkias , Integrated Electronics , Tata McGraw Hill1.
2. Millman Halkias ,Electronic Device & Circuits , Tata McGraw Hill

Reference Books:
1. Donald A. Neamen , Electronic circuit analysis & Design , Tata McGraw Hill
2. B.G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
3. Millman Grabel , Microelectronics ,Tata McGraw Hill
4. Thomas L. Floyd ,Electronic Devices ,Pearson Education
5. Chryssis , Switched mode power supplies
 EC0062: Digital Electronics & Microprocessors

Objectives:
To introduce
• Basics of digital circuits using building blocks such as gates and flip-flops
• Design of different combinational and sequential circuits and their applications
• Principles of basic Microprocessor System

Unit 1 : NUMBER SYSTEMS AND CODES ( 4 Hrs )

Decimal, Binary, Hexadecimal, and Octal number systems; Inter conversions,
compliments; Addition and Subtraction using 1’s and 2’s complements; Binary Codes, Gray
Code, Excess-3 Code.

Unit 2 : BOOLEAN LOGIC ( 6 Hrs )

Standard logic gates, Universal logic gates, Derived gates (symbol, equation and truth table)
Boolean Algebra: Basic Boolean functions, Postulates and theorems of Boolean Algebra,
Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums forms of Boolean functions; Canonical and Standard
forms. NAND and NOR implementation; Simplification of Boolean Functions, POS and SOP
simplification, K map up to 4 variables, Design example - Code converter.

Unit 3 : COMBINATIONAL LOGIC & MEMORY ELEMENTS ( 8 Hrs )

Design procedure for combinational logic circuits; design and analysis of Half Adder, Full
Adder, Analysis & Design of Encoders and Decoders; Multiplexer and demultiplexers, their
use in designing combinational circuits. Parity generator, Parity checker, Comparator.
Memory Elements : - SR, JK, T, D Flip-flops and Latches, schematic symbols, truth table and
Excitation Table; Triggering of Flip-flops.

Unit 4 : SEQUENTIAL LOGIC ( 10 Hrs )

Mealy, Moore machines, Design procedure for sequential circuits using state diagrams, State
Tables, State assignments and State minimization methods, Circuit implementation. Design
and analysis of Asynchronous and Synchronous Counters, Modulo Counters, Johnson and
Ring Counters, Application of Counters. Counter ICs. Shift Registers: SISO, SIPO, PISO,
PIPO, Bi-directional Shift Registers

Unit 5 : BASIC MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM ( 6 Hrs )

Introduction to Microcomputer System, and 8 - bit Microprocessor Architecture,
16 - bit Microprocessor Architecture, Bus Interface Unit, Execution Unit, Memory
Organization, Bus operation, Input/Output.

Unit 6 : INSTRUCTION FORMATS AND CLASSIFICATION ( 8 Hrs )

Machine language Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes, Instruction Set - Data Transfer
operations, Arithmetic Operations, Logical operations, String operations, Branching
Operations, Flag manipulation and Processor control, Typical execution of an Instruction.
Programs to perform ALU operation and code conversion.
Outcomes:
After successful completion of the course students will be able to
• Design digital circuits for register and counter
• Draw state diagram
• Explain the architecture of microprocessor
Text Books
1. Donald P Leach, Albert P Malvino, Goutam Saha, ‘Digital Principles and
Applications’ (TMGH), 6th Edition
2. Douglas Hall, ‘Microprocessor and Interfacing’ –, 2nd Edition (MGH)

Reference Books
1. M. Morris Mano, Digial Design - 3rd Edition (Pearson)
2. Digital Systems :Principles and Applications – Ronald J Tocci, Neal S
Widmer, 8th Edition ( PHI- EEE)
3. Charles H Roth, Jr., Fundamentals of Logic Design –(Thomson),5th Edition,
 ES0332 : Network Analysis & Synthesis

Objectives:
• To study Two-port Networks, its functions and parameters
• To study system behavior using Pole zero plot
• To understand and implement Filter approximations
• To study variety of impedances and attenuators
• To study the concept of resonance

Unit 1: 2 Port Networks ( 6 Hrs )

2 Port Network parameters, Z, Y h, T parameters and their inter relation, Interconnection of 2

port networks.

Unit 2 : Network functions ( 6 Hrs )

Network functions for 1 port & 2 port networks, system function & it’s significance
Unit 3 : Pole Zero plot & frequency domain behavior ( 6 Hrs )

Significance of poles & zeroes, time domain behavior from poles and zeroes, residue
locations & its significance in transfer function.
Unit 4 : Filter approximation & synthesis ( 10 Hrs )

Butterworth approximation, Chebyshev approximation, Butterworth low pass filter,

butterworth high pass filter using RC-CR transformation, frequency scaling, Chebyshev low
pass filter, realization using Sallen & key configurations .

Unit 5 : Four terminal Network ( 7 Hrs )

Symmetrical network, asymmetrical network , balanced & unbalanced network, characteristic

impedance, propagation constant, iterative impedance, image impedance.
Attenuators – T type, π type, bridge, ladder etc. Study of range selector switch in an
electronic instrument such as – DMM, function generator, frequency counter, Q-meter etc

Unit 6 : Resonance ( 7 Hrs )

Resonance: Quality factor Q, Series resonance - bandwidth, impedance, selectivity; parallel

resonance - bandwidth, impedance, selectivity .
Outcomes:
After completion of this course students will be able to
• Find Impedance and Admittance parameters of two port network .
• Draw the pole zero plot of network functions
• Apply the concept of Synthesis of two port network.
• Apply the filter approximations to design an analog filter
• Explain the working of range selection switch (based on attenuators) for standard
electronic instruments such as DMM, DC power supply, frequency generator etc.

Text Books:
1. Kimmerly, Hayt, ‘Electrical Circuit Analysis’, McGraw Hill Engineering Durbin – 6th
edition.
2. Van Valkenberg, Analog Filter Design, Oxford Publishing

Reference Books :

1. A.K.Atre,Network Theory and Filter Design, Willey Eastern New Delhi.

2. D. Roy Choudhary, Network and Systems, Willey Eastern New Delhi.
 ES0222 : Electrical Circuits and Machines

Prerequisites : Basic Electrical Engineering course at First year.

Objectives:
• To introduce single phase and three phase supply concepts
• To introduce transformer action
To introduce to basic concepts of power quality.
• To make students aware of dc and ac motors characteristic.

Unit I: Electrical power and its measurement 7 Hrs

Instantaneous power, active power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor,
Measurement and Calculation of active, reactive power, pf in 3 phase balanced circuits using
three watt meters, one Wattmeter and two watt meter methods. Measurement of power using
CT and PT.

Unit II: DC Machines: 7 Hrs

DC generators- Construction and working principle, commutator, EMF equation
DC motors- Operation, types, losses and basic equations of DC motor. Torque equation,
motor characteristics, speed control methods (descriptive treatment only), DC Motor starters,
Applications.

Unit III: Transformers: 7 Hrs

Single-phase transformers- Ideal & Practical Transformers, Equivalent circuit, Determination
of transformer parameters (OC and SC tests), Efficiency and regulation of transformer.
Special transformers: Auto transformer, Ferrite core transformers, phase shift transformer.

Unit IV: Induction motors and Stepper motors. 7 Hrs

Three phase Induction Motors- Construction, operation, types, slip and torque equations, max
torque, starting torque, full load torque, condition for max torque, torque-slip characteristics.
1 phase Induction motors and Stepper motors.

Outcomes: At the end of this course, students will be able to

• Explain routine technical problems relating to the electrical power supply.
• Analyze power supply quality.
• Explain basic characteristics and operation of DC and AC motor.
Text Books:
1. Guru, Hiziroglu - Electric Machinery & Transformers, Oxford University Press.
2. H. Cotton - Electrical Technology.
3. Electrical technology – Edward Hughes.
4. Electrical technology – B. L. Theraja Vol- 1 and 2.

Reference Books :

1. Fitzgerald - Electric Machinery, TMH (Sixth Edition).

2. Theodore Wildi - Electrical Machines, Drives & Power systems, Pearson Education.
3. Nagrath Kothari - Electric Machines, TMH.
4. Irving Kosow - Electrical Machines and transformers.
 EC5052 : Electronic Circuits Analysis

Objectives:
Students should learn to verify experimentally
• Transfer characteristics of circuits under study
• Input and output waveforms
• Characteristics of various feedback circuits
• Efficiency of power amplifiers
• Performance parameters of regulators

List of Practicals

1. Clipping and clamping circuits

2. Voltage multiplier circuits - Regulation characteristics and effect of frequency

3. Build and Test BJT cascade amplifier and find performance parameters.

4. Voltage-series amplifier

5. Current-series feedback amplifier

6. Voltage-shunt amplifier

7. Current-shunt feedback amplifier

8. Simulation of BJT LC oscillator

9. Class A series fed and Class B push­pull amplifier ­ Efficiency calculations

10. Study of single tuned amplifier

Outcomes:
At the end of the course students would be able to do practical analysis of the circuits under
study in terms of their
• Transfer characteristics
• Input and output waveforms
• Gain
• Efficiency
• Performance parameters etc.
Text Books

1. Millman Halkias - Integrated Electronics - Tata McGraw Hill1.

2. Millman Halkias - Electronic Device & Circuits - Tata McGraw Hill

Reference Books

1. Donald A. Neamen ­ Electronic circuit analysis & Design ­ Tata McGraw Hill
2. B.G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
3. Millman Grabel - Microelectronics - Tata McGraw Hill
4. Thomas L. Floyd - Electronic Devices - Pearson Education
5. Chryssis - Switched mode power supplies
 EC5062: Digital Electronics and Microprocessors

Objectives:
To introduce practical implementation of the combinational & sequential circuits.

List of Practicals

1. Code Conversion using logic gates

2. Design & implement 2 bit comparator

3. Design & implement BCD Adder using IC 7483

4. Design & implement combinational logic circuit using multiplexer & de-

multiplexer

5. Design & Implement 3 bit bidirectional shift register using flip-flop

6. Design & implement pulse train generator using IC 7495

7. Design & implement 3 bit up-down ripple counter using flip-flop

8. Verification of mod-n counters using IC 7490 & IC 74191

9. Design & implement sequence generator / detector using MS JK flip-flop

TTL – CMOS Interfacing

Outcomes:
After successful completion of this lab course students will be able to design the
combinational and / or sequential circuit with proper ICs.

Text Books
1. Digital Principles and Applications – Donald P Leach, Albert P Malvino, Goutam
Saha, 6th Edition (TMGH)
2. Microprocessor and Interfacing – Douglas Hall, 2nd Edition (MGH)

Reference Books
1. Digial Design - M. Morris Mano, 3rd Edition (Pearson)
2. Digital Systems :Principles and Applications – Ronald J Tocci, Neal S Widmer,
8th Edition (EEE – PHI)
3. Fundamentals of Logic Design – Charles H Roth, Jr., 5th Edition, (Thomson)
 ES5222: Electrical Circuits and Machines

Objectives:
• To introduce single phase and three phase supply concepts
• To introduce transformer action
To introduce to basic concepts of power quality.
• To make students aware of dc and ac motors characteristic.

List of Experiments

1. Speed control of DC Shunt motor.

2. Load test on DC Shunt motor.
3. Load test on DC Series motor.
4. Power measurement in 3-phase circuit by two-wattmeter method.
5. Reactive power measurement in 3-phase circuit by one-wattmeter method.
6. O.C. & S.C. test on single-phase transformer.
7. Load test on 3-phase Induction motor.
8. Control of stepper motor.
9. Control of servo motor.
10. V/f control of Induction motor.
11. Design and assembly of a 1 ph transformer.
12. Study of HT and LT billing and Tariff.

Outcomes: At the end of this course, students will be able to

• Explain routine technical problems relating to the electrical power supply.
• Analyze power supply quality.
• Explain basic characteristics and operation of DC and AC motor.

Text Books:
1. Guru, Hiziroglu - Electric Machinery & Transformers, Oxford University Press.
2. H. Cotton - Electrical Technology.
3. Electrical technology – Edward Hughes.
4. Electrical technology – B. L. Theraja Vol- 1 and 2.

Reference Books :

1. Fitzgerald - Electric Machinery, TMH (Sixth Edition).

2. Theodore Wildi - Electrical Machines, Drives & Power systems, Pearson Education.
3. Nagrath Kothari - Electric Machines, TMH.
4. Irving Kosow - Electrical Machines and transformers.
 CS9022: Electronic Software Workshop

Prerequisite:
Basics of programming language.

Objective:
• To study various software skills
• To perform simulation of electronic circuits.
• To interpret the output from the simulation.
• To design the PCB.
• To design GUI for the application/project work.

List of Practicals

1. Introduction to simulation packages such as MATLAB.

2. Solving linear and nonlinear equations.

3. Solving linear and nonlinear.

4. Interpolation and curve fitting algorithm.

5. Integration and differentiation methods.

6. GUI using simulation packages such as MATLAB.

7. Simulating an electronics system using simulation package such as SIMULINK

8. Simulating an electronics system using simulation package such as Multisim.

9. PCB layout and design.

10. Introduction to Visual C ++(For GUI development)

11. Application development using VC++.

12. Application development using VC++.

Outcome:
Student will be able to
• List the simulating software.
• Identify the MATLAB’s toolkits.
• Explain the the role of each MATLAB toolkits.
• Distinguish between SIMULINK and MATLAB script.
• Apply SIMULINK to simulate electronic circuits.
• Apply Multisim to simulate the electronic circuits.
• Design Printed circuit boards.
• Apply Visual C++ for GUI design

Text Books:

1. Kreysz E: Advanced Engineering Mathematics. (5) Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi, 1989
2. Pratap R: Getting Started With Matlabs:quick Introduction to Scient. Oxford University
Press Calcut, 1998.

Reference Books:
1. Users Manual for Mutisim.
2. Leinecker R C, ” Visual C++ 5 Programmers Reference”. Comdex Computer
Publication New Delhi, 1998
3. Barkakati N & Hipson P D, “Visual C++ Developers Guide”. Sam's Pub Div Of
Prentice Hall, 1993