Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Flammable and Combustible Liquids

Presented by Joseph P. Howicz, CSP, CFPS jphowicz@sbcglobal.net 847 609 9956 On behalf of

Accident Prevention Corporation 11516 Country Club Rd, Woodstock IL 60098 www.safetyman.com 815 337 7785

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

General industry standards flammable/combustible liquids

1910.106, 1910.107, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Spray Finishing Using Flammable or Combustible Materials 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Operations 1910.122-26, Dipping and Coating Operations 1910.1200, Hazard Communication

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106

Based on NFPA 30 1969 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

Is there a Fire Code for NEW or EXISTING Buildings NFPA 1

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids (j) Scope. This section applies to the handling, storage, and use of flammable and combustible liquids with a

flashpoint below 200 deg. F.

1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

This section does not apply to: (j)(1) Bulk transportation of flammable and combustible liquids; (j)(2) Storage, handling, and use of fuel oil tanks and containers connected with oil burning equipment; (j)(3) Storage of flammable and combustible liquids on farms; (j)(4) Liquids without flashpoints that may be flammable under some conditions, such as certain halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures containing halogenated hydrocarbons; (j)(5) Mists, sprays, or foams, except flammable aerosols covered in paragraph (d) of this section; or

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

This section does not apply to: (j)(6) Installations made in accordance with requirements of the following standards, that are incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6: (i) National Fire Protection Association Standard for Drycleaning Plants, NFPA No. 32-1970; (ii) National Fire Protection Association Standard for the Manufacture of Organic Coatings, NFPA No. 35-1970; (iii) National Fire Protection Association Standard for Solvent Extraction Plants, NFPA No. 36-1967; or (iv) National Fire Protection Association Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines, NFPA No. 37-1970.

Some review

FUEL
Liquids and Gases

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

Flammable Range and Limits

Fuel in correct proportion and in the vapor state Oxygen (or equivalent) usually 20.9% in air Ignition source usually heat Chemical reaction

1910.106 (a) (14) Flashpoint

Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

Flammable Range and Limits

The minimum concentration of vapor in air below which propagation of flame does not occur. The maximum concentration of vapor in air above which propagation of flame does not occur.

Energy Released

LFL = LEL UFL = UEL

Methanol

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

1910.106 (a) (14) Flashpoint

Flash Point Test Method Reported at one atmosphere (sea level) Flame ignition source not placed where the maximum vapor concentration is located propagation of flame may occur Safety margin recommended
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1910.106 (a) (14) Flashpoint

Surface temperature of quiet liquid may be higher than bulk liquid temperature

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

1910.106 (a) (14) Flashpoint

Reported flash point may not be the minimum ignition temperature of a liquid in a tank. Safety margin recommended* due F.P. test reporting a higher F.P. value 4 C. (7F.) for pure liquids to At least 9 C. (16 F.) for hydrocarbon mixtures *NFPA 77

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Hydrogen
M.W .= 2

Vapor Density 0.068

Vapor Density:
Methane Vapor Density 0.55
M.W .= 16

The weight of a vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure (air = 1)
Air
- M.W .= 29

Vapor Density 1

Methanol

- M.W .= 32

Vapor Density 1.1 2.7 Hexane M.W. +/- 86 Vapor Density 3

Gasoline M.W. +/- 100 Vapor Density 3.0 4.0

Benzene

- M.W .= 78.1

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

1910.106 (a)(9) Closed container

shall mean a container as herein defined, so sealed by means of a lid or other device that

neither liquid nor vapor will escape

from it at ordinary temperatures.

Containment of Liquid and Vapor

BIG
29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

Enchilada

1910.106 (a) (19) Flammable liquid

means any liquid having a flashpoint below 100 F. (37.8 C.), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 100 F. or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. Flammable liquids shall be known as Class I liquids. . . divided into three classes . . .

>1%

Classes of flammable and combustible liquids

200o F.

Flash Point

III
100o F. 73o F.

140o F.

II IC

IA
< 100oF.

IB
Boiling Point
> 100oF.

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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1910.101 (b) Compressed Gases

Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet P -1 (1965) Section 2.3 . . . A compressed gas is defined as any material having in the container either an absolute pressure exceeding 40 PSI at 70 F. or an absolute pressure exceeding 104 PSI at 130 F. or both; or any liquid flammable material having a Reid vapor pressure exceeding 40 PSI absolute at 100 F.

1910.106(a) (18) Combustible liquid

means any liquid having a flashpoint at or above 100 F. (37.8 C.) Combustible liquids shall be divided into two classes ... This section does not cover Class IIIB liquids. . .

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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1910.106(a) (18) Combustible liquid

(When heated to within 30 F. of its flashpoint, it shall be handled in accordance with the requirements for the next lower class of liquids.)

Head Space?

If and how vapor ignites may be complicated

1910.106 (a) (30) Vapor pressure

shall mean the pressure, measured in pounds per square inch (absolute) exerted by a volatile liquid

] [
Measure of volatility

]
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29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

1910.106 (a) (30) Vapor pressure

Vapor pressure categories for liquids* High exceeding 4.5 psia - duration of flammable atmosphere usually short Intermediate less than 4.5 psia and Flash Point less than 100F Head space of tanks at ordinary temperatures may contain a flammable mixture Low - Class II and III combustible liquids expected to generate flammable atmospheres if handled at elevated temperature, *API R.P. suspended as a mist or 2003 subject to slow vapor evolution 25 Contaminated

Vapor pressure categories

Psia*
High Gasoline Carbon disulfide Acetone MEK 6 to 15 10.3 7.25 3.5

F.P. F
-45 -22 0 16 50 39 54 232 437
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Intermediate

Low

V.M. & P. 3.1 Naphtha Toluene 1.1 Methanol 0.5 Ethylene 0 Glycol Olive Oil 0 *100 F.

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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Flammable Atmospheres
At ordinary handling temperatures, many Class IB, IC and II liquids can generate flammable mixtures in the head spaces of tanks, vessels and containers Flash point close to environmental Vapor pressure relatively low

?
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29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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Water soluble flammable and combustible liquids

Form homogenous solutions results in different

flash point, fire point, heat of combustion Heat release rate Greatly reduces hazard as % water increases

] [
< 15% ethyl alcohol and water
< 25%
LFL

30 proof drinks may damage your brain but will not burn

1910.106 (a) (31) Ventilation

as specified in this section is for the prevention of fire and explosion.

It is considered adequate if it is sufficient to prevent accumulation of significant quantities of vapor-air mixtures in concentration

over one-fourth of the lower flammable limit.

]
.
.

. .

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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29 CFR 1910.132 (a)

A flash fire spreads rapidly through a diffuse fuel, such as dust, gas, or the vapors of an ignitable liquid. FRC improves survival and subsequent quality of life. Reduces extent and severity of burn injuries.

March 19, 2010 Memo

Equipment opening, line breaking and similar ops Transfer and Gauging Maintenance Hot work and Tank heating Using open flame Start-up

Manual start, Windows media player, X 2bleve drums

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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OSHA - 29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

(a)"Definitions (b) "Tank storage" (c) "Piping, valves, and fittings (d) "Container and portable tank storage

(e) Industrial plants

(f) "Bulk plants (g) Service stations" (h) "Processing plants" (i) "Refineries, chemical plants, and distilleries" (j) "Scope."

(e)(2)(ii) Containers.
Flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored in tanks or

closed containers.

Im open! Please, please, stop me!

(a)Except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c) of this subdivision, all storage shall comply with paragraph (d) (3) or (4) of this section. The areas discussed

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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(e)(2)(ii) Containers.
Flammable or combustible liquids shall be stored in tanks or closed

containers.
1910.106(a)(9) Closed container shall mean . . . so sealed by means of a lid or other device that neither liquid nor vapor will escape from it at ordinary temperatures.

(e)(2)(ii) Containers.
(b)The quantity of liquid that may be

located outside of an inside storage room or storage cabinet in

a building or in any one fire area of a building shall not exceed: (1) 25 gallons of Class IA liquids in containers (2) 120 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, or III liquids in containers (3) 660 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, or III liquids in a single portable tank. Industrial Facility

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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(e)(2)(ii) Containers.
(b)The quantity of liquid that may be located

outside of an inside storage room or storage cabinet in a building or in any one fire area of a building shall not exceed:
(1) 25 gallons of Class IA liquids in containers (2) 120 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, or III liquids in containers (3) 660 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, or III liquids in a single portable tank.

Key Threshold

Must have facts on this to trigger 29 CFR 1910.106 (d) (3) and (4)

(e)(2)(iv) Handling liquids at point of final use.

(a) Flammable liquids shall be kept in covered containers when not actually in use.
Container lid in place

(b) Where flammable or combustible liquids are used or handled, except in closed containers, means shall be provided to dispose promptly and safely of leakage or spills.

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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1910.106(e)(2)(iv)(c)
Class I liquids may be used only where there are no open flames or other sources of ignition within the possible path of vapor travel.

Furnaces and welder

1910.106(e)(2)(iv)(d)
Flammable or combustible liquids shall be drawn from or transferred into vessels, containers, or portable tanks within a building only through a closed piping system, from safety cans, by means of a device

drawing through the top, or

from a container or portable tanks by gravity through an approved self-closing valve.

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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closed piping system

Fluids in

Mixing section

Mixed liquid

Leak tight Automatically vent vapor at approximately 5 psig internal pressure to prevent rupture (or explosion in event of fire) filling or pouring Prevent flame from reaching flammable liquid contents through spout Automatically close after filling or pouring

Safety Cans for Storage and Transfer

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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Flame Arrester Screen

Prevents fire flashback into can contents Double wiremesh construction Large surface area provides rapid dissipation of heat from fire so that vapor temperature on inside of can remains below ignition point

Screen is DE MINIMIS
Approved Safety Pump

Faster and safer than faucet drainage Fewer opportunities for spills No separate safety vents in drum required Installed directly in drum bung opening Some pump hoses have integral bonding wires

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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Approved self-closing valve

Container or portable tanks by gravity through an approved self-closing valve.

(e)(2)(iv) Handling liquids at point of final use. (Contd)

(d) ...

Transferring by means of air pressure on the container or portable tanks shall be prohibited.

Plant air line

Dont do this!!

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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OSHA - 29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids (e) Industrial plants
(1) "Scope" (2) "Incidental storage or use of flammable and combustible liquids" (3) "Unit physical operations (4) "Tank vehicle and tank car loading and unloading. (5) "Fire control (6) Sources of ignition (7) "Electrical (8) "Repairs to equipment." (9) "Housekeeping"

Lots of Good Information

NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code Current Edition: 2012

29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable and combustible liquids

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