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http://www.webcivil.com/vervessel.aspx
29/03/2011
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Octagon 2.75 to 3.7m, 24 - 20M vertical with 15M ties at 250 mm maximum. Octagon > 3.7 m, 32 - 20M vertical with 15M ties at 250 mm maximum. Pedestal over 1.8m shall have a mesh at the top, 10M at 200mm spacing in both direction, minimum. 5. Footing Design: The footing size < 1.5m, square footing may be economical, normally, octagonal shape is used. Minimum thickness is 300 mm. Minimum rebars 15M @ 300 c/c for top and bottom both direction. Top of footing shall be minimum 300 mm above grade. 6. Normally, the stability ratio is = 1.5 for sliding and overturning, but for tall vessel (>= 30m), 2.0 is used. 7. Soil Bearing: Allowable soil bearing pressure may be increased 33% for wind or seismic loading. Bearing pressure for square footing: For axis 1-1: B.P.max = [ 1 + 8.485e / a] P /a2 B.P.min = [ 1 - 8.485e / a] P /a2 For axis 2-2: e <= a/6 B.P.max = P/a [1 + 6e/a] e > a/6 B.P. = 2P / [3a(a/2 - e)] Bearing pressure for octagonal footing: B.P.max = 1.2[ 1+ 8.19 e/D] / D2 B.P.min = 1.2[ 1- 8.19 e/D] / D2 8. Foundamental Frequency: For a vessel with constant wall thickness, constant diameter, and a fixed base, the natural frequencies are those for a cantilever beam: ni = ki / H2[ E.I /M]0.5 ni = frequency of mode i (Hertz) Ki = constant = 0.56 for mode 1 = 3.51 for mode 2 = 9.82 for mode 3 = 19.2 for mode 4 H = height of vessel(m) E = Modulus of elasticity (pa) I = moment of inertia of vessel(m4), I = .d3.t / 8 M = mass of vessel per unit length. (kg per meter or N.s2 /m per meter, = N / 9.81) d = inside vessel diameter (m) t = vessel wall thickness (m) 9. Tall vessel structural damping: It depends not only on the vessel itself, but also on the vessel soil-structure interaction. Concrete vessel: 0.0150 0.025 Steel vessel: 0.005 0.015 Unlined steel stack: 0.0016 0.006 Gunite-lined steel stack: 0.003 0.012 Concrete chimney: 0.004 0.020 The lower values are appropriate for foundation on rock or piles, average values are appropriate for foundations on compacted soil, higher values are appropriate for vessels supported by elevated structures or soft soils. 10. Period for seismic design Reference: ASCE Guilde for Seismic Evaluation and Design of Petrochemical Facilities 4.A-4 T = 7.78x10-6 (H / D)2 [ 12 W. D / t ]0.5 H - vessel height (ft.) W - vessel linear weight (lb/ft.) t - vessel shell thickness (in.) D - vessel shell outside diameter (ft.) T - period (sec.) B.P.min = P/a [1 - 6e/a]
http://www.webcivil.com/vervessel.aspx
29/03/2011