Pipe p NetworkSystems: y EPANET

Simulateshydraulics/waterqualitywithinpipenetworks Designedtomodelmovementandfateofdrinkingwater constituentswithindistributionsystems (ENVE4507 Water (ENVE4507: W t Di Distribution t ib ti and dWastewater W t t C Collection) ll ti ) Usedtoassessalternativemanagementstrategies: Useofalternativesourceswithinmultiplesourcesystem Efficiency/costofvariouspumpingschedules Pipecleaningandreplacement

EPANET:HydraulicModelingCapabilities
Pipeflowratesobtainedusinglinearmethod Headloss duetofrictioncomputedusingHazenWilliams, Williams DarcyWeisbach,orMannings Canaccountforminorlossesfrombends,fittings,etc. Canmodelvarioustypesofvalves Canmodelconstant/variablespeedpumps, pumps andcompute pumpingandenergycosts Canmodeldemandswhichvary yovertime; ;canhave differentdemandpatternsforeachnode

Step1: :SetDefault efaultProperties

Step2: :SetMapOptions

Step3:DrawNetwork
FromMapToolbar: Reservoir Node Pipe Pump S l tObj Select Object t

Step4:DefineObjectProperties

Step5:DefineSystemOperation

EnergyOptions: PumpEfficiency(%) EnergyPrice priceofenergyperkilowatthour PricePattern Representvariationsinenergypriceovertime

Step7:RunAnalysis
Possibleerrors/warningsinclude: Networkisdisconnected Noconnecting/openlinktoallnodeswithdemands. Hydraulicequationsunsolvable Networkisdisconnectedorunrealisticvaluesspecifiedfor networkproperties. Pumpscannotdeliverfloworhead Pumpaskedtooperateoutsiderangeofcharacteristiccurve; turnedoffifaskedtodeliverheadgreaterthanshutoffhead. head Systemunbalanced EPANETcannotconverge;canoccurifpumpsturnon/offor valvesopen/closefromtrialtotrial.

Step8:ViewResults

Step8:ViewResults

Note: Signonflowindicatesdirectionrelativetotheway thepipe(link)wasinitiallydrawnonthemap.

Example4.14:Giventhepipeandjunctiondataforthenetworkbelow, determinetheflowrateineachlineandp pressureateach junctionnodeusingEPANET.(Assume =0.5mft)

Example4.14:NetworkrepresentationinEPANET.

Example4.14:JunctionnodeoutputfromEPANET.

Example4.14:Pipe(link)outputfromEPANET.

Example4.14:Pipe(link)outputfromEPANET(continued).

UnsteadyFlowinPipelines
Q 0 at a given cross-section t

Occursinresponseto: Rise/fallofwatersurfaceelevationinreservoirs Pumpstartup/shutofforpumpfailure Openingorclosingofvalves Computationallyintensive:mustsolveforchangeinflow overtimeatallpointsalongpipeline Majorconcern:extremepressurefluctuations Lowpressurecancausepipelinetoimplode Highpressurecancausepipelinetorupture

Example:WaterHammer
C Caused db bysudden dd valve l closure l orpumpfailure f il Upstreamsideofvalve/pump:increasedpressure Pressurewavemovingfasterthanspeedofsound, sound resultingvibrationscanweakenjoints Pressureincreasecancauseflexiblepipestoexpand, pipescouldrupture Downstreamsideofvalve/pump:decreasedpressure Vacuumcoulddevelop;pipescouldimplode

EngineeringControls:
Devicesusedtomaintainpressurewithinreasonablelimits SurgeReliefValve allowswatertoescapewhenpressure exceeds d acertain t i l level l AirValve admitsairintopipelinewhenpressuredropstoolow SurgeTank storeswaterwhenpressureistoohigh,returns watertothelinewhenpressuresfall AirChamber(containsbothwaterandair) airactsasacushion toabsorbpressurechanges,supplieswaterwhenpressurefalls PumpFlywheel absorbsenergybyincreasingrotationalinertia ofpump