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LESSON 1: TENSES ( Th ) 1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE:( Th hin ti n ) S + VERB ( S, ES ) S + VERB ( S, ES ) + OBJECT + To show the truth , everyday habits , naturals , present actions ( Din t hnh ng y ra ! hi"n t#i $ % & The sun rises in the east' + % pressions o(ten used are& always , usually , o(ten , (re)uently , so*eti*es , seldo* , rarely, never, now , these days , today , nowadays , every day+ night+ a(ternoon+wee,+ *onth+ year , once a wee, % & -he always goes to church on -undays ' . PRESENT CONTIN!O!S TENSE ( T" #$ + %in& ) (Th hin ti ti'( )i*n ) S + ( +M , IS , +RE ) + V-in& + OBJECT + To show things that are happening over a long period ti*e '(Din t hnh ng ang y ra ! hi"n t#i $ % & They are watching the (ootball *atch on T. now' + % pressions o(ten used are& at the *o*ent , at the present ti*e ' now , right now , presently + /resent continuous is o(ten used in the (ollowing structures % & 0eep silent1 The baby is sleeping' % & 2e care(ul1 The bus is co*ing' .. PRESENT PER/ECT TENSE ( Th hin ti h"0n th0nh ) S + 1+S , 1+VE + V. , V$) + To e press an action that happened in the past and continues to the present ( Din t *t hnh ng y ra trong )u3 ,h4 v c5n ti6p t7c 6n hi"n t#i $ % & 8e have studied %nglish (or si years' + To e press an action that happened in the past but the ti*e is inde(inite' ( Din t *t hnh ng y ra trong )u3 ,h4 nh9ng th:i gian ,h;ng 3c <nh $ % & = have seen that (il* be(ore' + % pressions o(ten used > so(ar , up to now , until now , already' never , ever , recently , ?ust , (or , since' @ote & S + 1+S , 1+VE + V. , V$) + SINCE + S + V , $) % & = have ,nown Aary since she was a baby' 2. SIMPLE P+ST TENSE ( Th 345 6h7 n ) S + V , $) + OBJECT + To show things which happened and ended'( Din t *t hnh ng y ra trong )u3 ,h4 $ % & = studied well last year' + % pressions o(ten used > yesterday, last wee, + *onth + year, ago,ti*e in the past' 8. P+ST CONTIN!O!S TENSE ( Th 345 6h7 ti'( )i*n ) S + 9:; , 9$<$ + V-in& + O#=$>t + To show things which were happening at a ti*e or during a period o( ti*e in the past ( Din t hnh ng ang y ra ! *t th:i iB* 3c <nh trong )u3 ,h4 $

% & Ct this ti*e yesterday *orning, = was playing chess with Dohn'
% & 8e were doing ho*e wor, at E p'* yesterday' When + S + V , $) , S + 9:; , 9$<$ + V-in&. % & 8hen he ca*e, they were coo,ing dinner' B, As + S + 9:; , 9$<$ + V-in& , S + V , $) % & Cs it was raining, = le(t ho*e' C, S + 9:; , 9$<$ + V-in& + While + S + 9:; , ?$<$ + V-in& % & = was doing *y ho*ewor, while *y *other was coo,ing lunch' @. P+ST PER/ECT TENSE ( Th 345 6h7 h"0n th0nh ) S + 1+A + V. , V$) + To show things which happened be(ore a point o( ti*e in the past ( Din t *t hnh ng y ra tr9Fc *t th:i iB* trong )u3 ,h4 $ % & Ge had le(t %ngland (or Hrance be(ore IJJK' + To show things which happened be(ore another thing in the past ( Din t *t hnh ng y ra tr9Fc hnh ng ,h3c trong )u3 ,h4 $ +,

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S + 1+A + V. , V$) + BEFORE + S + V , ed % & They had phoned *e be(ore they ca*e here' B , S + V , EA + AFTER + S + 1+A + V. , VEA % & = went to school a(ter = had had brea,(ast' B. SIMPLE /!T!RE TENSE ( Th tCn& D:i n ) S + 9ILL + V(#:<$ inEiniti%$) + To show things which will happen in the (uture % & 8e will visit Ga Long 2ay ne t wee,' + % pressions o(ten used are to*orrow , ne t wee, + *onth + year , to*orrow night , ne t su**er F. /!T!RE CONTIN!O!S TENSE ( Th tCn& D:i ti'( )i*n ) S + 9ILL BE + V-in& + To show things which will happen at a ti*e or during a period o( ti*e in the (uture ( Din t *t hnh ng sM ang y ra ! *t th:i iB* 3c <nh trong t9Nng lai $ % & 8e will be playing bad*inton at J&KK a'* to*orrow' G. /!T!RE PER/ECT TENSE ( Th tCn& D:i h"0n th0nh ) S + 9ILL + 1+VE + V.,$) + To show an action which will be co*pleted be(ore a certain point in (uture ti*e' ( At hnh ng sM hon thnh tr9Fc *t th:i iB* nhOt <nh trong t9Nng lai $ % & 2y the end o( this year, = will have been there (or IK years' 1H. /!T!RE PER/ECT CONTIN!O!S TENSE ( Th tCn& D:i h"0n th0nh ti'( )i*n ) S + 9ILL + 1+VE + BEEN + V-in& + To show an continuous action which at a given ti*e will be in the past' ( At hnh ng y ra trong )u3 ,h4 ,Po di 6n *t th:i iB* cho tr9Fc trong t9Nng lai $ % & 2y the end o( this school year, = will have been teaching at Qhu .an Cn Gigh -chool (or J years' 11. BE IOINI TO is used to e press intention in the (uture, or so*ething is going to happen in the near (uture' ( T9Nng lai gRn $ % & = a* going to buy a house this su**er' % & Loo, 1 =t is going to rain' SSS

S!BJECT J VERB +IREEMENT

1. Sin&4D:< %$<# T QhU ngV sW Xt ( hoYc danh tZ ,h;ng 6* 9[c$ %\& Ail, i; good (or health T Gai chU tZ nWi vFi nhau b]ng ^ and_ nh9ng c` cang b t9!ng hoYc chc *t ng9:i' %\& Love and to be loved i; the happiest thing on the earth' Ay best (riend and adviser, To* , i; co*ing tonight' T QhU ngV l hai danh tZ ,hc nhau nWi vFi nhau b]ng ^and_ nh9ng tr9Fc *di danh tZ ce each hoYc every' %\& %ach boy and each girl h:; a boo,' T QhU ngV l c3c #i tZ phi6* chc ( everybody, so*ebody, nobody, so*ething, $ %\& @othing ?:; seen last night because o( the dar,ness' T QhU ngV l& Tifn, Th:i gian, 0hong cch hoYc -W l9[ng' %\& Twenty dollars i; too *uch to pay (or such a shirt' Hour wee,s i; a long ti*e to wait (or you'

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T QhU ngV l *"nh f hay danh ng tZ ( gerund$' %\& -wi**ing i; good (or health' That you get very high grades in school i; necessary' T QhU ngV l cc danh tZ trZu t9[ng' ( ,nowledge, beauty,$, *Nn hgc ( physics, *athe*atics,$, chn b"nh ( *eales, *u*ps, $ hoYc cc danh tZ nh9& news, (uniture, wor,, %\& The (uniture i; *ore e pensive than we thought' . PD4<:D %$<# T QhU ngV sW nhifu' %\& They :<$ students' T QhU ngV l hai danh tZ nWi vFi nhau b]ng ^and_' %\& @a* and 2a :<$ brothers' 8ater and oil )"nKt LiM' T QhU ngV l& The + Cd?ective %\& The rich :<$ not always happy' T QhU ngV l cc danh tZ tip h[p ( people, police, cattle,$ %\& The police h:%$ arrested the thieves' T QhU ngV l& C (ew, both, *any + noun %\& C (ew boo,s ?$<$ lost yesterday' .. Sin&4D:< "< (D4:< %$<#. T QhU ngV l hai danh tZ nWi vFi nhau b]ng ^or_, ^neither nor_, ^eitheror_, hoYc ^not onlybut also_ thj ng tZ 9[c chia theo danh tZ th4 hai' %\& @either he nor his (riends ?$<$ at school yesterday' T QhU ngV l hai danh tZ nWi vFi nhau b]ng ^with_, ^as well as_, hoYc ^ together with_ thj ng tZ chia theo danh tZ th4 nhOt %\& The director as well as his sta(( h:; t" learn %nglish' T QhU ngV l *t c7* tZ ce giFi tZ thj ng tZ chia theo dand tZ 4ng tr9Fc giFi tZ' %\& The picture o( soldiers h:; been sold' T QhU ngV l& ^The *unber o( + noun_ thj ng tZ chia sW Xt %\& The nu*ber o( students in this class is s*all' T QhU ngV l& ^C *unber o( + noun_ thj ng tZ chia sW nhifu' %\& C nu*ber o( students were absent yesterday' T QhU ngV l ^ There + be + noun_ thj ng tZ ^be_ chia theo danh tZ(noun$ %\& There i; a (ly in this roo* There :<$ a lot o( people here'

LESSON IN/INITIVE +NA IER!NA I , IER!NA : ( ):nh Nn& tO ) ( V + INI ) 9:P; "E !;$ & 1. S4#=$>t "E : ;$nt$n>$ % & keading the story o( 0ieu is interesting ' . C"L(D$L$nt "E T" B$ :Et$< S4#=$>t "E Thin& + T" B$ % & Ay hobby is (ishing ' .. +Et$< P<$(";iti"n; % & -he is interested in learning %nglish ' 2. +Et$< ;"L$ %$<#; & ad*it, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay +postpone+ de(er, deny, discuss, disli,e, detest + hate, en?oy, escape, ,eep, *ind, *iss, , practise, prevent, pre(er, resit,resist, cease, (inish, suggest, % & Ge avoids *eeting *e' 8. +Et$< ;"L$ V$<#; + O#=$>t C"L#in:ti"n; % & 8e ;:? the thie( $nt$<in& the house' Or Ge ;($nt (ive hours doing his tas,'

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@. In ;"L$ "th$< ;t<4>t4<$; & =tls no good + use, there is no point, whatls the point o(, what about , be worth, be busy, loo, (orward to, be used to + be accusto*ed to + get used to, canlt help, canlt bear, canlt stand % & =t is no use saying that = a* used to getting up early' II , T1E IN/INITIVE ( TO + VERB ) - TO J IN/INITIVE 1 S4#=$>t "E th$ ;$nt$n>$ ( ChQ tO >Q: >R4 ) % & To help her is *y duty' ?:nt :;6 t$DD <$34$;t + O + T" - inEiniti%$ "<)$< #$& S ET: Ge tells *e to send this letter' . )$>i)$, (D:n , int$n) t$n), >D:iL , )$L:n) )$;i<$ , ?i;h, E:iD h"($, h$;it:t$ + t" - inEiniti%$ ?:nt, (<$t$n) :&<$$, <$E4;$ :M($>t, S %\& Aary learned to swi* when she was young' 2 #$ D""6 ;$$L + :)=$>ti%$ + t" - inEiniti%$ E$$D U +)=$>ti%$;: +Et$< ;"L$ +AJE+TIVES "E /$$Din& "< +ttit4)$; a(raid (oolish pleased disappointed sorry angry (ortunate )uali(ied prepared luc,y eager glad ready li,ely proud % & The party is <$:)P to serve' %\& =l* glad to see you again' 8 +Et$< th$ %$<# TO BE % & 8e :<$ to pass the ne t e a*' @ +Et$< N"4n ( InEiniti%$ "E P4<(";$ ) : TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + V(bare infinitive ) % & There are lots o( things t" do today' % & Ge studies hard ;" :; t" pass the entrance e a*ination' - B+RE J IN/INITIVE 1. C(ter *odal verbs& can, *ay, *ust, ET: = *ust go ho*e now' . C(ter had better, !"ld rather, d! n!thin# b"t$ ET: Ge did nothing but co*plain about his li(e' mould better stay at ho*e today' .. M:6$ + O + V(bare-inf.) L$t %\& The clowns *ade the* laugh a lot last night' III. VERB /OLLO9EA BV EIT1ER IN/INITIVE OR IER!NAS % With!"t &han#in# in 'eanin# #$&in V-in& >"ntin4$ + ;t:<t,S t" - inE % & =t began to rain when = went to school'

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Or =t began raining when = went to school' T .erbs o( perception ;$$ V- in& h$:< t:;t$ +O+ ;L$DD n"ti>$ #:<$ J inE ET: = saw Aary wal,ing in th par, yesterday' nr = saw Aary wal, in the par, yesterday' U With &han#in# in 'eanin# ( tha) *+i n#h,a ) - LIWE V-in& (;! thXch $ Li6$ + T" J inE ( thXch vj nghe r]ng ne tWt$ N"t$: ?"4D) Di6$ + t"- inEX E$$D Di6$ + V-in& (C Fc ce $ o wish (or ET: = li,e (ishing' = li,e to do *y ?ob well' T TRV V-in& (thp $ T<P + T" J inE ( >W gqng$ %\& = tried borrowing so*e *oney (ro* Dohn but he re(used = tried to do *y test well' - STOP V-in& (n&On&, thi 6hn& DL nY: $ St"( + T" J inE ( n&On& Di ZS$ %\& T -top tal,ing' T -top to tal,' - REMEMBER, /ORIET, REIRET R$L$L#$< V-in& (. y ra tr9Fc re*e*ber, (orget, regret ) E"<&$t + <$&<$t T"- inE ( ToTin( y ra sau re*e*ber, (orget, regret ) % & Ge re*e*bers *eeting you when he was in Hrance' ( Ge *et you' $ % & ke*e*ber to sent *e a letter when you arrive in Go Qhi Ainh city' ( you will send'$ T +LLO9, PERMIT, +AVISE, RECOMMENA Cllow o per*it .Ting + Cdvise o reco**end n + toTin(' %\& = per*it you to go out' = per*it going out' SSS LESSON . I/ CL+!SE (CR4 i[4 6in ) I , TP($ 1 . P<$;$nt (";;i#D$ : ?iDD ;h:DD If + S + present tense, S + >:n L:P % & =( the weather is (ine, = will go (or a picnic' % & =( she studies hard , she will pass the e a*' II , TP($ . P<$;$nt 4n<$:D :

+ V(bare inf.)

>"4D)

If + S + past tense ( V2 / ed or Were ) , S +

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;h"4D) ?"4D) Li&ht

PHAN DOAN DIEP + V(bare inf.)

% & = a* not (ine, so = canlt ?oin the party' or=( = were (ine, = could ?oin the party' % & Clice doesnlt have (ree ti*e today, so she doesnlt go to the cine*a' or=( Clice had (ree ti*e today, she would go to the cine*a' III , TP($ . . P:;t 4n<$:D : >"4D) h:%$ + V3 / Ved ;h"4D) h:%$ If + S + past perfect , S + ?"4D) h:%$ Li&ht h:%$ % & They didnlt go because they were busy yesterday' or =( they hadnlt been busy yesterday, they would have gone' % & 8e didnlt study hard, so we (ailed in an e a* last year' or =( we had studied hard last year, we could have passed the e a*' U N"t$ : P:;t 4n<$:D ?ith (<$;$nt $EE$>t : IE + S + (:;t ($<E$>t , S + ?"4D) + V 1 % & =( we had got *arried, we would have a lot o( children now' SSS LESSON 2 J 9IS1 (\]> ) I , /4t4<$ 9i;h ( \]> t<5i n&C^> %]i LNt tnh h4_n& t<"n& tCn& D:i ) ?"4D) S + Wish ( es ) + That + S + + V(bare inf.) >"4D) ?$<$ + V- in& % & Aary will visit /aris ne t wee,' or = wish that Aary wouldnlt visit /aris ne t wee, ' % & = canlt spea, -panish (luently' or = wish that = could spea, -panish (luently' II , P<$;$nt 9i;h ( \]> t<5i n&C^> %]i LNt tnh h4_n& ` hin ti ) V , $) S + Wish ( es ) + That + S + ?$<$ % & The weather isnlt good' or = wish that the weather were good' % & Ge learns very badly' or They wish he didnlt learn badly' III , P:;t 9i;h ( \]> t<5i n&C^> %]i LNt tnh h4_n& ` 345 6h7 ) 1:) + V . , V$) S + wish ( es ) + That + S + C"4D) h:%$ + V. , V$) % & =l* sorry, they didnlt ta,e part in the party last night' or = wish They had ta,en part in the party last night' % & -he couldnlt be with *e yesterday' or = wish she could have been with *e yesterday' SSSS LESSON 8 +CTIVE SENTENCE +NA P+SSIVE SENTENCE /"<L "E B$ + P:;t(:<ti>i(D$ ( P:;;i%$ %"i>$ ) An& >Q: B$ + 345 6h7 (hRn tO ( th0nh Da( thZ thb Nn& ) Cctive& + . + n

/assive& - + 2% + .s+ %D + by n I. T$n;$ E"<L; "E P:;;i%$ V$<# : ( -.& d/n# th0 &1a nh2n# *3n# t4 th5 th6 *3n# )

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1'/assive (or* o( The present tense ( D#ng b< ng cUa thj hi"n t#i Nn$ S + +L , I; , +<$ + V. . /assive (or* o( The past tense ( D#ng b< ng cUa thj )u3 ,h4 Nn$ S + 9:; , 9$<$ + V. .. /assive (or* o( The past progressive tense ( D#ng b< ng cUa thj ), ti6p din$ S + 9:; , 9$<$ + B$in& + V. 2. /assive (or* o( The present progressive tense ( D#ng b< ng cUa thj ht ti6p din $ S + +L , I; , +<$ + #$in& + V. 8. /assive (or* o( The present /er(ect tense (D#ng b< ng cUa thj hi"n t#i ht $ - + Gas + Gave + 2een + .s @. /assive (or* o( The past /er(ect (D#ng b< ng cUa thj )u3 ,h4 ht $ S + 1:) + B$$n + V. B. /assive (or* o( The Huture tense (D#ng b< ng cUa thj t9Nng lai Nn$ S + 9iDD + B$ + V. F. /assive (or* o( The Huture continuous tense (D#ng b< ng cUa thj t9Nng lai td $ S + 9iDD + B$ + B$in& + V. G. /assive (or* o( The Huture per(ect tense (D#ng b< ng cUa thj t9Nng lai ht $ S + 9iDD + 1:%$ + B$$n + V. 1H. /assive (or* o( The Huture per(ect continuous tense (D#ng b< ng cUa thj t9Nng laihttd$ S +9iDD + 1:%$ B$$n + B$in&+V. 11. /assive (or* o( The present and past per(ect continuous tense (D#ng b< ng cUa thj hi"n t#i hon thnh u )u3 ,h4 hon thnh td $ S+1:%$,1:; + B$$n + B$in& + V. S + 1:) B$$n + B$in& + V. +>ti%$ % & The news surprises *e' % & The news surprises -a*' Cctive % & They bought this house last year' % & = saw the* yesterday' % & Aai was coo,ing dinner at t p'* yesterday' % & -he was tal,ing to the* when = ca*e' % & The secretary is copying so*e letters now' % & -o*eone is building a new hospital' % & = have ?ust bought a car' % & /hong has done these e cercises (or s hours' % & They had phoned *e be(ore they le(t' % & Aai will visit Quc /huong national par, ne t wee,' % & They will be writing the lesson at E a'* to*orrow'

PHAN DOAN DIEP

P:;;i%$ % & = a* surprised by the news' % & -a* is surprised by the news' /assive % This house was bought last year' % & They were seen yesterday' % & Dinner was being coo,ed by Aai at t p'* yesterday' % & They were being tal,ed to when = ca*e' % & -o*e letters are being copied by the secretary now' % & C new hospital is being built' % & C car has ?ust been bought' % & These e ercises have been done (or s hours by /hong' % & = had been phoned be(ore they le(t' % & Quc /huong national par, will be visited by Aai ne t wee,' % & The lesson will be being written at E a'* to*orrow' % & nur wor, will have been (inished by the end o( this *onth' % & %nglish will have been being taught at this school by then' % & Hrench has been being learned (or ten years' % & Lunch had been being eaten be(ore they ca*e'

% & 8e will have (inished our wor, by the end o( this *onth'

% & They will have been teaching %nglish at this school by then' % & They have been learning Hrench (or ten years' % & 8e had been eating lunch be(ore they called'

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II. P+SSIVE MOA+L +!TILI+RIES ( An& #c Nn& >Q: t<^ Nn& tO hnh th5i h:P 6hi'L 6h4P't ) /"<L : M"):D + B$ + +>ti%$ M"):D +4MiDi:<i$; P:;;i%$ M"):D +4MiDi:<i$; (:;t(:<ti>i(D$ C:n C"4D) M:P Mi&ht 1:%$ t" 1:; t" O4&ht t" Sh"4D) M4;t !;$) t" B$ &"in& t" % & = can do these e ercises ' % & mou have to clean the (loor' % &Ted should *ail it' % & They are going to build this bridge' % & These e ercises can be done' % & The (loor has to be cleaned' % & =t should be *ailed' % & This bridge is going to be built '

S+

+ B$+ V.

III , SOME OT1ER C+SES ( MNt ;_ t<Cdn& h^( 6h5> ) 1. V$<# "E "(ini"n : ;:P, thin6, #$Di$%$, <$("<t, h"($, $M(D:in SSS +. S + V + Th:t + CD:4;$ efg It + B$ + V . + Th:t + CD:4;$ % & They thin, that he is a good teacher' or =t is thought that he is a good teacher' % & /eople say that we will pass this e a*' or =t is said that we will pass this e a*' S + V + Th:t + CD:4;$ ( S + V + O ) efg S + B$ + V. +T" inEiniti%$ "< ($<E$>t inEiniti%$ % & /eople said that he had gone abroad' or =t was said that he had gone abroad' Or Ge was said to have gone abroad' % & They believe that he is a good singer' or =t is believed that he is a good singer' Or Ge is believed to be a good singer'

B.

. S + V + Ai<$>t O=$>t + T" + V(inE.) efg Ai<$>t O#=$>t + B$ + V. + T" + V(inE.) ( :)%i;$, :;6 , E"<>$ , $n>"4<:&$ , in%it$ , t$DD , :DD"? , >"n%in>$ , ?:<n SSSS ) % & Ge as,ed To* to sit by *e' vor To* was as,ed to sit by *e' % & -he told hi* not to loo, (or a ?ob' vor Ge was told not to loo, (or a ?ob' .. 91 J 9ORA + h 9ILL, AOES , AO, AIA i + S + V + O j efg 91 J 9ORA + BE + S + V . j % & 8hy did you e plain it w vor 8hy was it e plained w % & 8here will you do these e ercices to*orrow w vor 8hen will these e ercises be done to*orrow w 2. VES J NO k!ESTION : AO , AOES , AIA + S + V + O j efg IS , +RE , 9+S , 9ERE + S + V . j % & Do you solve this proble* w vor =s this proble* solved w % & Did your *other *a,e so*e ca,es w vor 8ere so*e ca,es *ade by your *other w 8. IMPER+TIVE SENTENCE : V + O + +AVERB efg LET + O + BE + V . + +AVERB % & 8rite your na*e here' vor Let your na*e #$ ?<itt$n here ' % & npen your boo, now' vor Let your boo, #$ "($n$) now' @. N"t$ : +.T<n& tO >hl thZ >5>h thCdn& 7n& &iY: Nn& tO B$ %0 P:;t (:<ti>i(D$(B$ ++)%$<) "E L:nn$< +V. ).

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% & The little girl cleaned the (loor care(ully' vor The (loor ?:; >:<$ E4DDP >D$:n$) by the little girl' B. +VERB O/ PL+CE + BV + O % & Ay daughter put the schoolTbag here' vor The schoolT bag was (4t h$<$ #P LP ):4&ht$<. SSS LESSON @ +AJECTIVE CL+!SES ( MmN1 no TpN1 Tq ) S Cn ad?ective clause *odi(ies a noun' =t describes or gives in(or*ation about anoun' ( A"nh f tXnh tZ bx nghea cho danh tZ' @` *; t hoYc cho th;ng tin vf danh tZ' $ S Cn ad?ective clause (ollows a noun ' ( A"nh f tXnh tZ theo sau danh tZ $ I , !;in& 9h",9h"L ,9hi>h ,?h";$ in +)=$>ti%$ >D:4;$ ( Arn& 9h",9h"L, 9hi>h %0 9h";$ t<"n& Lnh [ tsnh tO ) 1. EM : Th$ L:n is (riendly' 1$ lives ne t to *e' y thX d7& Ge l #i tZ chU tZ' 9h" lives ne t to *e' 1$ 3* chc ^th$ L:n_' or The *an ?h" lives ne t to *e is (riendly' zB lip *t *"nh f tXnh tZ, EM & The police o((icer was (riendly' Ge gave *e directions' ch{ng ta c` thB thay h$ b]ng or The police o((icer ?h" gave *e directions was (riendly' ?h"'9h" D0 i tO >hQ tO'8ho 3* chc th$ L:n. . EM : The *an was (riendly' = *et hiL ' y thX d7& hi* l #i tZ t{c tZ' 9h"L = *et Gi* 3* chc the *an' B lip or The *an 9h"L = *et was (riendly' *t *"nh f tXnh tZ, ch{ng ta % & The wo*an than,ed *e' = helped her' c` thf thay hi* b]ng 8ho*' or The wo*an ?h"L = helped than,ed *e' .. EM : The river is polluted' It (lows through town' 9hi>h 3* chc vit th, 9[c 9hi>h (low through town' dang nh9 chU tZ l|n t{c tZ or the river ?hi>h (lows througt town is polluted' trong *"nh f tXnh tZ' % & The boo,s were e pensive' = bought th$L ' or The boo,s ?hi>h = bought were e pensive' 2. EM : The *an called the police' 1i; >:< was stolen' 9h";$ chc s} s! hVu' 9h";$ >:< or The *an 9h";$ >:< was stolen called the police' % & = ,now a girl' 1$< #<"th$< is a *ovie star' 9h";$ #<"th$< or= ,now a girl 9h";$ #<"th$< is a *ovie star' % &The people were (riendly'we bought th$i< h"4;$. ?h";$ h"4;$ orThe people ?h";$ h"4;$ we bought were (riendly' SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS..UUUSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

LESSON B AIRECT +NA INAIRECT SPEEC1 ( Ct! NuI TRvC TIwP Vx Ct! NuI IIyN TIwP ) U V$<# E"<L 4;:&$ in <$("<t$) ;($$>h: ;$34$n>$ "E t$n;$; =( the *ain verb o( the sentence is in the present, present per(ect or (uture tense (e'g', say, tell $, no change is *ade in the verb tense or *odal in the indirect speech ( reported speech$' ( Nu ng t tng thut ca c u ! th" h#$n t%#& h#$n t%# h'n n thnh ha( t)ng *a# ( th+ ,-. /a(& t0** )1 2h3ng c4 /5 tha( 6# n78 9: th" ca *# n;# tr5c t#< /ang *# n;# g#n t#<= % & Ge says, ^ = wor, hard'_ o r Ge says (that$ he wor,s hard'

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% & They say, ^ we are vor,ing hard'_ o r They say(that$ they are wor,ing hard' % & Ge says, ^ = wor,ed hard_ o r Ge says (that$ he wor,ed hard' I , ST+TEMENT ( CR4 t<zn th4at ) Ai<$>t ;($$>h ( D:i nei tr}c ti6p$ or In)i<$>t ;($$>h ( l:i nei gin ti6p$ EM: Ge said, ^ = wor, hard'_ or Ge said (that$ he wor,ed hard Ge said to Lan, ^ = didnlt see you here yesterday_ or Ge told Lan he hadnlt seen her(Lan$ there the day be(ore +. S:Pin& %$<# ( nNn& tO n{i , nNn& tO tCdn& th4at) T said to or told' T 0h;ng xi said n6u ,h;ng c` ^t"_' T 2~ dOu & > ^ _ > , v th* lin tZ ^That_ B. P$<;"n; ( N&|i th7 ) N&|i th7 nh}t( = , 8e $ cang ng;i vFi >hQ tO cUa ng tZ n`i' T N&|i th7 h:i ( you $ cang ng;i vFi t~> tO caa ng tZ n`i' N&|i th7 #: ( Ge , -he , =t , They $ &iY n&4Pn,,h;ng xi' S4#=$>t (<"n"4n O#=$>t (<"n"4n P";;$;;i%$ P";;$;;i%$ R$ED$Mi%$ :)=$>ti%$ (<"n"4n (<"n"4n I L$ LP Lin$ LP;$DE 9$ 4; "4< "4<; "4<;$D%$; V"4 P"4 P"4< P"4<; P"4<;$DE Th$P th$L th$i< th$i<; th$L;$D%$; 1$ hiL hi; hi; hiL;$DE Sh$ h$< h$< h$<; h$<;$DE It it it; it; it;$DE C. T$n;$( Th ) STT AIRECT SPEEC1 INAIRECT SPEEC1 I /resent tense /ast tense /ast tense /ast per(ect tense s /resent per(ect tense /ast per(ect tense /resent continuous tense /ast continuous tense /ast continuous tense /ast per(ect continuous tense t Huture tense Huture in the past A. MNt ;_ tO >hl ni >h_n thdi &i:n >zn (hi i : AIRECT SPEEC1 INAIRECT SPEEC1 @ow Then This That These Those Gere There Today That day Tonight That night mesterday The day be(ore Last wee, The wee, be(ore Last Aonday The previous Aonday Cgo 2e(ore To*orrow The ne t day @e t wee, The (ollowing wee, AIRECT SPEEC1 INAIRECT SPEEC1 % & Ge said , ^ = a* tired now_' orGe said that he was tired then' % & Ge said ,^ = have to wor, today_ orGe said that he had to wor, that day' % & They said, ^ 8e have done our wor, (or s hours'_ or They said that they had done their wor, (or s hours % & -he said , ^ = *ust wor, hard'_ or -he said that she had to wor, hard or he *ust wor, hard' ( past *odal au iliary $ % & = said to Lan, ^ = donlt want to see you'_ or= told Lan that = didnlt want to see her'

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% & Ge said, ^ = should wor, hard'_ orGe said that he ;h"4D) wor, hard'(no change$ % & Ge said, ^ = ought to wor, hard'_ or Ge said he "4&ht t" wor, hard U N"ti>$ the *odal verbs such as C"4D), ?"4D), ;h"4D), Li&ht, "4&ht t" and L4;t in indirect speech

Subject + said +(that) + Subject + V + to!d + "bject

II , IMPER+TIVES ( MmN1 LmN1 ) +. +EEi<L:ti%$ IL($<:ti%$ ( Lnh Dnh 6hn& cnh ) % & Aary said, ^/lease do your ho*ewor,, Aai'_ or Aary told Aai to do her ho*ewor,' % & Ted said, ^/lease co*e to *y party' _ or Ted invited *e to co*e to his party' S Direct speech & V + O + +)%$<# S =n direct speech & S + T"D) + ( L$ ) + T" + V + +)%$<# B. NEI+TIVE IMPER+TIVE ( Mnh Dnh (hQ cnh ) % & -he said, ^ Donlt *a,e noise'_ or -he told *e not to *a,e noise' % & The said, ^ Donlt go out at night,_ or They told *e not to go out at night ' S Direct speech & A"nKt + V + O + +)%$<# S=n direct speech & S + T"D) + ( L$ ) + N"t + T" + V + +)%$<# C. k!ESTION ( VES- NO k!ESTION OR 91 J k!ESTION ) ( CR4 hi ) :. S:Pin& %$<# ( nNn& tO n{i ) T said to , said or as,ed, wanted to ,now T 0h;ng xi c3c ng tZ ,h3c' T 2~ dOu & > ^ _ > , U C{ h:i t<Cdn& h^( + Qu h~i V$; J N" bqt Ru b]ng tr[ ng tZ & +L, I; , +<$, 9:;, 9$<$, A", A"$;, Ai), 9iDD, C:n, M:P ta dang lin tZ IE "< 9h$th$< th:P >h" >5> n&hi %}n tO ( ?h:t, ?hP, h"?,S)' + Qu h~i 9h hay 1"? ( cu h~i bqt Ru vFi 9h:t, 9h$<$, 9h$n, 9h", 1"?, 1"? L4>h, 1"? L:nP, 1"? D"n&), ta ,h;ng dang IE B thay th6 (sp d7ng lai c3c nghi vOn tZ c`$' b' /ersons ( @g;i th4 $ Xem phRn I c' Tense (Thj $ d' -o*e words used to show place, ti*e + Wh|n& )rn& thZ n&hi %}n t<"n& Ddi n{i tCdn& th4at. % & Ge said, ^ Lan, did you see the teacher o( %nglish last year w _ or Ge as,ed Lan i( she had seen the teacher o( %nglish the year be(ore' % & They said, ^ Qan you spea, %nglish (luently w _ or They as,ed *e i( = could spea, %nglish (luently' % & = said to the*, ^ 8hat are you going to do this evening w _ or = as,ed the* what they were going to do that evening' % & Ge as,ed her, ^ when will you leave %ngland (or .ietna*' _ or Ge as,ed her when she would leave %ngland (or .ietna*' what+where+ '''+how -ub?ect + :;6$) + nb?ect + + -ub?ect + . + ?:nt$) t" 6n"? i( + whether SSS LESSON F !S!+L SENTENCE P+TTERNS C5> M4 CR4 Th|n& Abn& )

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+S I/ + S + V ( past ) +S T1O!I1 ( NhC thZ D0 ) or The lady dresses as i( it were winter' o r -he wal,s as i( she studied *odeling'

% & =t is not winter' % & -he doesnlt study *odeling' 1B. +S I/ S!BJECT + V ( P+ST ) + + S + V ( P:;t P$<E$>t ) +S T1O!I1 % & -he didnlt win the grand prie' or -he tal,ed about the contest as i( she had won the grand prie' % & Ge didnlt see a ghost' or Ge loo,ed as though he had seen a ghost' . AESPITE , IN SPITE O/ + NO!N , NO!N P1R+SE +LT1O!I1 , T1O!I1 efg ( Ar, M> )r ) + CL+!SE ( S + V + COMPLEMENT ) EVEN T1O!I1 % & Though she is poor, she still goes to school' or =n spite o( her poverty, she still goes to school' % & %ven though he has physical handicap, he has beco*e a sucess(ul business' or Despite having physical handicap, he has beco*e a sucess(ul business' .+ S + V ( BE ) + TOO +//IRM+TIVE ST+TEMENT ( BE ) + +NA + ( Mnh [ M5> cnh ) SO + V ( BE ) + S ( Cn& %aP, Cn& th' ) % & = a* happy , and you are too' so are you' .B. +//IRM+TIVE ST+TEMENT + +NA + S + +!TILI+RV ONLV + TOO ( Mnh [ M5> cnh ) SO + +!TILI+RV ONLV + S %\ & They will wor, in the lab to*orrow, and you will too' so will you .C. +//IRM+TIVE ST+TEMENT + +NA + S + )" , )"$; , )i) + TOO ( Mnh [ M5> cnh ) SO + )" , )"$; , )i) + S % & Dane goes to that school, and *y sister does too' so does *y sister' 2. NEI+TIVE ST+TEMENT + +NA + S+ NEI+TIVE +!TILI+RV "< BE + EIT1ER ( Mnh [ PhQ cnh ) NEIT1ER + POSITIVE +!TILI+RV OR BE + S ( Cn& 6h|n& ) % & = didnlt see Aary this *orning, and Dohn didnlt either' neither did Dohn' % & -he wonlt be going to the con(erence, and her collegues wonlt either' neither will her collegues' 8. S + 9O!LA R+T1ER T1+T ( M"n& L4_n ) + S + V , EA , 9ERE % & =t is not winter now' or Dane would rather that it were winter now' % & Gis (riends doesnlt wor, in the sa*e departt*ent' or Genry would rather that his (riends wor,ed in the sa*e depart*ent' @+. S + P<$;$nt ($<E$>t + /"< + TiL$ efg ItK; + TiL$ + Sin>$ + S + (:;t %$<# % & = havenlt en?oyed *ysel( so *uch (o years' vor =tls years since = en?oyed *ysel( (or years' @B. S + (:;t %$<# + /"< + TiL$ efg ItK; + TiL$ + Sin>$ + S + (:;t %$<# % & The telephone rang (or hours vor =tls hours since the telephone rang' @C. S + (:;t %$<# + +&" efg ItK; + TiL$ + Sin>$ + S + (:;t %$<# % & = last saw her years ago' vor =tls is years since = saw her' B. PRESENT S!BJ!NCTIVE ( Th hin t:i &i cnh) : Q` hjnh th4c giWng nh9 nguyn thB cUa ng tZ' Thj hi"n t#i gi <nh 9[c dang trong *"nh f bqt Ru b]ng That' +. S + V + T1+T + S + h V (in ;iL(D$ E"<L) i nkD%k, QnAAC@D (<: Dnh) , k%%-T, C-0 (P4 >z4) , D%AC@D, k%=k% ( i hi ) , /kn/n-% , -%-T([ n&hc) , =@-=T ( 6hn& 6hn&), k% (h_i th~>) % & Ge de*anded that he #$ allowed to *eet his lawyer' % & The doctor suggested that his patient ( ;h"4D) ) ;t"( s*o,ing'

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% & The child urges that his (ather t:6$ hi* to the oo' B. +/TER T1E ETPRESSIONS ( S:4 nhYn& th0nh n&Y ) IT + BE ( +nP t$n;$ ) + +AJECTIVE + T1+T + S!BJECT + VERB J IN SMPLE /ORM It i; n$>$;;:<P It i; $;;$nti:D It i; iL($<:ti%$ + Th:t + S + h V (in ;iL(D$ E"<L) i It i; iL("<t:nt It i; :)%i;i#D$ It i; 4<&$nt % & =t is necessay that your *other (ollow the doctorladvice' % & =t is advisible that you be care(ul in the laboratory' F. STR!CT!RE 9IT1 PREVENT S + B$ + S" + +)= + Th:t + S + V ( N$&:ti%$ ) S + V + B$>:4;$ "E + N"4n Or B$>:4;$ + S + V S + V + S" Th:t + S + V efg S + P<$%$nt + S"L$"n$ , S"L$thin& + /<"L + V- in& , N"4n % & The sea was so rough that the (erry couldnlt sail' or The rough sea prevented the (erry (ro* sailing' % & The water was everywhere and we couldnlt save the victi*s o( the (lood' or The i**ense water prevented us saving the victi*s o( the (lood' G. S + BE + NOT !SEA TO + V J INI , NO!N efg T1IS IS T1E /IRST TIME + S + 1+VE + V. % & This is the (irst ti*e *y daughter has eaten %uropean (ood' or Ay daughter is not used to eating %uropean (ood' 1H. S + BE + NOT !SEA TO + V J INI , NO!N efg S + O/TEN + V % & Ay Hrench (riend (inds driving on the le(t di((icult' or Ay Hrench (riend isnlt used to driving on the le(t' % & = o(ten get up early' or = a* used to getting up early' 11. S + PRE/ER + V-INI + TO + V-INI efg S + 9O!LA R+T1ER +V + T1+N + V Sth + TO + Sth S + LIWE SSSS BETTER T1+N % & -he pre(ers staying at ho*e to going to *ar,et' or -he would rather stay at ho*e than go to *ar,et' % & They pre(er co((ee to tea' or They li,e co((ee better than tea' 1 . S + 1+S , 1+VE BEEN + V.,EA , V-INI + SINCE , /OR S. efg S + BEI+N , ST+RTEA + V-INI, TO + V + TIME + +IO % & Ge has been wor,ing in this (actory (or over K years' or nver K years ago, he began to wor, in this (actory' 1.. 1O9 LONI IS IT SINCE + S + P+ST VERB efg 91EN + AIA + S + V % & Gow long is it since we *et the*' or 8hen did we *eet the*' 12. S + 1+VENKT BEEN + TO + + PL+CE efg IT + BE + ONEKS /IRST VISIT + TO + + PL+CE % & = havenlt been to @orth C*erica' vor =t is *y (irst visit to @orth C*erica' 18. IT IS 1II1 TIME ( n 'n D~> ) +. IT IS 1II1 TIME + TO + V IT IS 1II1 TIME + /OR SOMEONE + TO + V % & =t is high ti*e to go' %\ & =t is high ti*e (or the* to leane the o((ice' B. IT IS 1II1 TIME + S + V ( P+ST S!BJ!NCTIVE ) % & 8e should do so*ething about it now' vor =t is high ti*e we did so*ething about it now' 1@. :. LETKS + V #. IN MV OPINION efg S + S!IIEST + T1+T >. S + +AVISE + S + PRESENT S!BJ!NCTIVE ). 91V AONKT VO! AO SOMET1INI

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1B.

% & ^ Letlt go (or a wal, in the par,, _ said Cnn' or Cnn suggested that we should go (or a picnic in the par,' % & ^ 8hy doesnlt To* buy this picture as a wedding present _ said Aary' or Aary suggested that To* buy this picture as a wedding present' +S LONI +S , SO S T1+T S1 + V 1 + SO T1+T , S!C1 S T1+T + S + V 91EN , I/ , BEC+!SE A!E TO , T1E /+CT T1+T % & 0eeping cal* is the secret o( passing your driving test' or Cs long as you ,eep cal*, you can pass your driving test'

% & Ge lost his *oney si*ple because he was not care(ul' or =( he had been care(ul, he wouldnlt have lost *oney' 1F. ( S ) + REMEMBER + TO AO ST1 efg ( S ) + AONKT /ORIET + TO AO ST1 % & ke*e*ber to chec, your (light nu*ber' or Donlt (orget to chec, your (light nu*ber' % & Donlt (orget to *a,e (riends with her' or re*e*ber to *a,e (riends with her' 1G. ILL$)i:t$DP N" ;""n$< + 1:) + S + V . +Th:n + S + (:;t t$n;$ Th$ L"L$nt efg J4;t +; ;""n +; 1:<)DP + 1:) + S + V. + 9h$n + S + V % & =**ediately a(ter his appoint*ent to the post , the new editor (ell ill' or @o sooner had he appointed the post, the new editor (ell ill' % & Dust a(ter solving the proble*, = was (aced with another' or Gardly had = solved the proble*, = was (aced with another' % & -he was wrong to thin, that her husband didnlt love her' or Qontrary to what she thin,, her husband didnlt love her' H. :. NO M+TTER 1O9 + +AJ , +AV + S + V #. NO M+TTER 91+T + S + V >. NO M+TTER 91ERE + S + V % & =t doesnlt whether you are busy or not, he always insits on co*ing with you' or @o *atter how busy you are or not, he always insits on co*ing with you' % &8herever hels hiding, we *ust (ind hi*'vor 8e *ust (ind hi* wherever he is hiding' 1. S + V + SO + +AJ , +AV + T1+TJ CL+!SE % & = a* very busy' = have no ti*e to visit you vor = a* so busy that = have no ti*e to visit you' . S + V + S!C1 ( +,+N ) + +AJ + NO!N + T1+T CL+!SE % & Ge as,ed *e such di((icult )uestions that = couldnlt answer the*' % & Tea is very hot' They couldnlt drin, it'vor =t is such hot tea that they couldnlt drin, it' % & -he is very ,ind ' %verybody loves her'vor -he is such a ,ind girl that everybody loves her' .. S + V + SO M+NV + PD4<:D C"4nt:#D$ NO!N + T1+T J CL+!SE SO M!C1 + Sin&4D:< !n>"4nt:#D$ NO!N % & Ge has so *any boo,s that he canlt read all o( the*' % & There was so *uch noise that = coulnlt sleep' 2. IT + BE + NOT !NTIL S T1+T - CL+!SE f >h" 'n S L]i % & Ge didnlt beco*e a doctor until IJJK' or =t was not until IJJK that he beca*e a doctor' % -he wonlt get *arried until KKE' or =t is not until KKE she will get *arried' 8. S + V + NOT ONLV + NO7N + B!T +LSO + NO7N AD8E-TIVE AD8E-TIVE ADVERB ADVERB 9RE9OSITIONA: 9;RASE 9RE$9 9;RASE 6h|n& nhYn& S L0 >n H< S + NOT ONLV + VERB + B!T +LSO ( B!T S +S 9ELL ) + VERB

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% & kobert is not only talented but also handso*e' % & 2eth plays not only the guitar but also the violin' % & Doln not only plays the piano but also co*poses *usic' % & -he is not only beati(ul but also ,ind' vr -he is not only beati(ul but ,ind as well' @. BEC+!SE + CL+!SE ( S!BJECT + VERB ) BEC+!SE O/ + +AJECTIVE + NO!N % & Ge is absent because he is sic, ' vor Ge is absent because o( his sic,ness' % & 2ecause it rained heavily, they didnlt go to wor,' vor 2ecause o( the heavy rain, they didnlt go to wor,' B. S+V+ NO!N +AJECTIVE +AVERB PREP. P1R+SE + +S 9ELL +S + NO!N +AJECTIVE +AVERB PREP. P1R+SE

( CNI N1\ ) "< S!BJECT + V + +S 9ELL +S + VERB % & kobert is talented as well as handso*e' % & /aul Cn,a plays the piano as well as co*poses *usic' F. C:4;:ti%$ /"<L: ThZ ;:i 6hi'n IET SOMEONE TO - InEiniti%$ 1+VE V(#:<$ inEiniti%$) %\ & Ge got Daisy to *ove this chair away' % & They had *e go to the *ar,et to buy so*e (ood' IET SOMET1INI V $) , V. BV SOMEONE 1+VE % % G. % % with' .H. & -he got her car repaired by /eter' & 8hy didnlt you have your house painted w TOO + +AJ , +AV + TO J InEiniti%$ & Ge is too young to go to school' vo r Ge is so young that he canlt go to school' & mou run too (ast (or *e to ,eep pace with 'vo r mou run so (ast that = canlt ,eep pace

+AJ , +AV + ENO!I1 + TO J InEiniti%$ ENO!I1 + NO!N + TO - InEiniti%$ % & Ge is not old enough to get *arried' % & = donlt have enough *oney to invite her to eat at a (ive T star restaurant' .1. SO + +AJ + +S + TO J InEiniti%$ % & Ge was so E""Di;h as to leave his (a*ily' % & 8ould you be so &"") as to send *y letter w SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS.. UUU SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS LESSON G AEREES O/ COMP+RISON O/ +AJECTIVES +NA +AVERBS ( CyC MC n SO SyN1 C+ TpN1 Tq Vx TRNI Tq ) I , Ek!+L COMP+RISON ( SO SyN1 BNI ) S + V + +S + +AJECTIVE + +S + NO!N ( PRONO!N ) +AVERB % & Aai is as tall as Lan' % & This house is as e pensive as that one' % & -he studies as hard as =' % & They drive as care(ully as we' U BNI N1+!, N1\ N1+! Cu T1 n\C AIN nT CyC1 W1yC: S + V + T1E S+ME + ( NO!N ) + +S + NO!N ( PRONO!N ) % & Ay house is as high as his' vor Ay house is the sa*e height as his' % & To* is as old as Aary' vor To* and Aary are the sa*e age' II , !Nk!+L COMP+RISON ( SO SyN1 W1NI BNI ) S + BE + NOT + AS + +AJECTIVE + +S + NO!N ( PRONO!N ) NOT + V + SO +AVERB

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% & Aai is not as tall as Clice' % & 8e are not so intelligent as they' % & Ge didnlt wor, as care(ully as they last year' % & = donlt spea, %nglish so (luently as you' III , S!PERIOR COMP+RISONS ( SO SyN1 1N ) + , S!PERIOR COMP+RISON 9IT1 S1ORT +AJECTIVE +NA +AERB ( SO SyN1 1N VI TpN1 Tq NIN Vx TRNI Tq NIN ) S1 + V + +AJECTIVE + ER + T1+N + S +AVERB % & Clice is taller than Daisy' % & -he is better at coo,ing than =' % & They studied harder than we last school year' % & Ge is very lay' Ge studies worse than we' B , S!PERIOR COMP+RISON 9IT1 LONI +AJECTIVE +NA +AERB ( SO SyN1 1N VI TpN1 Tq AxI Vx TRNI T\ AxI ) S1 + V + MORE + +AJECTIVE + T1+N + S +AVERB % & -he is *ore beauti(ul than =' % & They are *ore care(ul than we' % & They drive *ore dangerously than we' B , INPERIOR COMP+RISON 9IT1 LONI +AJECTIVE +NA +AERB ( SO SyN1 WM 1N VI TpN1 Tq AxI Vx TRNI T\ AxI ) S1 + V + LESS + +JECTIVE + T1+N + S +AVERB % & Ge is less intelligent than Gelen' % & They sing less beauti(ully than Dan Truong' U N"t$: :ESS IS NOT 7SED IN S79ERIOR -O<9ARISON WIT; S;ORT AD8E-TIVE AND ADVERB ( LESS 6h|n& C^> )rn& t<"n& ;" ;5nh hn %]i tsnh tO n&n %0 t<n& tO n&n ) EM : =ncorrect & This house is less large than that one' Qorrect & This house is not as large as that one' IV , AO!BLE COMP+R+TIVES ( SO SyN1 WP ) 1. S + V + +AJ , +AV + ER + +NA + +AJ , +AV + ER ( Mi n&0P LNt, >0n& n&0P >0n&, Li D~> LNt SSS ) % & 2etty is younger and younger' % & The river gets bigger and bigger' . S + V + MORE +NA MORE + LONI +AJ , +AV ( Tsnh tO )0i, t<n& tO )0i ) ( Mi n&0P LNt, >0n& n&0P >0n&, Li D~> LNt SSS ) % & Ger story was *ore and *ore attractive' % & -he beco*es *ore and *ore beauti(ul' % & They drive *ore and *ore care(ully' .. S + V + LESS +NA LESS + LONI +AJ OR S1ORT +AJ ( C0n& n&0P >0n& st, >0n& n&0P >0n& 6L, Li D~> LNt st ) % & The stor* is less and less violent' % & =t is less and less cold' % & Ge is less and less studious' 2. T1E + +AJ + ER + S + V , T1E + +AJ + ER + S + V ( L_i n0P 5( )bn& >h" tsnh tO n&n ) SSSSSSSC0n& SSSSSSSSS ( th ) >0n& SSSSSSSSSSS % & The older he gets, the wea,er he is' % & The wiser he is, the hu*ble (,hi* nh9:ng$ he is' 8. T1E MORE + +AJ + S + V , T1E MORE + +AJ + S + V SSSSSSSSSSSSC0n& SSSSSSSSS ( th ) >0n& SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

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% & The *ore beauti(ul she is, the *ore *iserable her parents are' % & The *ore *iserable he is, the *ore diligent ( sing nhng, cn *|n, cRn ca $ he beco*es' @. T1E +AJ + ER + S + V , T1E MORE + S + V + +AJ SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSC0n& SSSSSSSSS ( th ) >0n& SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS % & The heavier the coin is, the *ore it is worth' B. T1E MORE + S + V + T1E + +AJ + ER + S + V SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSC0n& SSSSSSSSS ( th ) >0n& SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS % & The *ore we get together, the happier we ill be' % & The *ore he wor,ed, the richer he was' F. T1E MORE + S + V, T1E + MORE + S + V SSSSSSSSSSSSSC0n& SSSSSSSSS ( th ) >0n& SSSSSSSSSSSSS % & The *ore she ,nows hi*, the *ore she loves hi*' % & The *ore *y sister hates hi*, the *ore he loves her' G. T1E LESS + +AJ + S + V , T1E LESS + +AJ + S + V SSSSSSSSSSSSC0n& SSSSSSSSS ( th ) >0n& SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS %\ & The less diligent the boy is, the less progress he will *a,e' ( Th]ng bP cng Xt sing nhng thX n` cng Xt ti6n b' $ V , S!PERL+TIVES ( SO SyN1 BC N1T ) 1H. S1ORT +AJ , +AV + EST S + V + T1E + MOST + LONI +AJ , +AV + IN + N( 'L C^> ;_ st) , LE+ST + +AJ , +AV O/ + N('L C^> ;_ nhi[4) % & Dohn is the tallest boy in the (a*ily' % & Aary is the shortest o( the three sister' % & These shoes are the least e pensive o( all' U ETCEPTION+L C+SES ( C5> t<Cdn& h^( n&"i D ) I' good+ well better the best ' bad+ badly worse the worst s' *any *uch *ore the *ost ' little less the least ' (ar (arther the (arthest ( vf ,hong c3ch $ (urther the (urthest ( vf th:i gian $ t' near nearer the nearest ( vf ,hong c3ch $ the ne t( vf th4 t} $ ' late later the latest ( vf th:i gian $ the last ( vf th4 t} $ E' old older the oldest ( vf tuxi t3c $ elder the eldest ( vf cOp bic hNn l tuxi t3c $ VI , S!MM+RV (T{L tt) -O<9ARATIVE AND S79ER:ATIVE FOR<S OF AD8E-TIVES AND ADVERBS ( C5> hnh th7> ;" ;5nh hn %0 ;" ;5nh nh}t >Q: tsnh tO %0 t<n& tO ) 1. On$-;PDD:#D$ :)=$>ti%$; :n) :)%$<#;: The T E< :n) JE;t (or*s are added' (zWi vFi tXnh tZ v tr#ng tZ *t vRn ta th* E< %0 E;t vo sau$ old older the oldest wise wiser the wisest (ast (aster (astest hard harder the hardest happy happier the happiest busy busier the busiest hot hotter the hottest big bigger the biggest (at (atter the (attest . T?"- ;PDD:#D$ :)=$>ti%$; : (or *ost twoTsyllable ad?ectives, *ore and *ost are used' ( TXnh tZ hai vRn & M"<$ :n) M";t 9[c dang $

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(a*ous *ore (a*ous the *ost (a*ous pleasant *ore pleasant the *ost pleasant U S"L$ t?" J ;PDD:#D$ :)=$>ti%$; use JE<, - E;t or M"<$, M";t & able, angry, clever, co**on, cruel, (riendly, gentle, handso*e, narrow, pleasant, polite, )uite, si*ple, sour' ( At sW tXnh tZ hai vRn dang & E<, - E;t h"> M"<$, M";t nh9 & able, clever, co**on , cruel (riendly, gentle, handso*e, narrow, pleasant, polite, )uite, si*ple, sour' clever cleverer the cleverest *ore clever the *ost clever gentle gentler the gentlest *ore gentle the *ost gentle (riendly (riendlier the (riendliest *ore (riendly the *ost (riendly .. +=$>ti%$; ?ith th<$$ "< L"<$ ;PDD:#D$; & M"<$ :n) M";t are used with long ad?ectives ( .Fi tXnh tZ ba hoYc nhifu vRn & M"<$ %0 M";t 9[c dang vFi tXnh tZ di $ i*portant *ore i*portant the *ost i*portant (ascinating *ore (ascinating the *ost (ascinating 2. M"<$ :n) M";t are used with adverbs the endDPU '( Aore v Aost 9[c dang vFi tr#ng tZ c` tin cang lyS' care(ully *ore care(ully the *ost care(ully slowly *ore slowly the *ost slowly 8. !;$ M"<$ + +)=$>ti%$; $n) ?ith S4EEiM$; : T%D, THL, T=@, T=-G, Tn( Dang M"<$ + +)=$>ti%$; tin cang b]ng c3c ti6p v< ngV nh9 & -EA, -/!L, -INI, -IS1, -O!S $ *ore hated *ore use(ul *ore boring *ore continuous Ci<>D$ th$ >"<<$>t "(ti"n ' Ay brother has L"<$ , th$ L";t QDs in our (a*ily' s' Aydogls got a lot L"<$ , th$ L";t energy than *e1 ' -ylvia wears L"<$ , th$ L";t ?ewelery in the class' ' Cll *y (riends spend L"<$ , th$ L";t *oney on clothes than *e' t' There are L"<$ , th$ L";t boo,s on the (loor than the boo,shelves' ' 8ho has L"<$ , th$ L";t brothers & Clice or Hati*a' E' mour tea* lost L"<$ , th$ L";t ga*es than *ine' J' 8hich person in your class watched L"<$ , th$ L";t T. progra*s last nightw IK' n( the two brothers , @a* has L"<$ , th$ L";t'

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