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Abstract
Within a decade since its inception, Vincor had become the tenth largest wine
company of the world. Vincor’s rapid growth was mechanistic, namely through a series
of acquisitions. Notwithstanding Vincor’s impressive growth, by 2005 its stock started
under-performing and the company started drawing the attention of various suitors. In
2006, under mounting pressures, Vincor’s board was forced to agree to be acquired by
the spirit-giant Constellation Group. Where did Vincor go wrong? This case will
highlight two key areas: lack of focus on core competency and over-dependence on
mechanistic growth over organic growth.
Vincor Background
In 1992, Canadian winemaker Cartier bought rival winemaker Inniskillin, and in
1993 merged with another Canadian winemaker T. G. Bright to form Vincor. After it
acquired Dumont Vins et Sparitueux in 1996, Vincor became the largest winery in Quebec.
Also in 1996, Vincor listed its stocks on Toronto Stock Exchange. Vincor stocks soared in
the following years as it engaged in numerous acquisitions and rapidly grew in size.
Within a decade since its inception, Vincor became one of the largest wine companies of
the world.
Globe and Mail. 1996. Profit to rise in 1996, Vincor says. September 18.
Leong, M. 2002. Vincor buys Australian winemaker -- Ontario firm uncorks $53.7 million deal
for Goundrey Wines. Toronto Star, October 10: D3.
Market News Publishing. 2001. Vincor International Inc -– Acquisition of the Hogue Cellars.
August 8.
Market News Publishing. 2004. Vincor International Inc – Acquisition of UK-based Western
Wines Ltd. July 29.
Walker, L. 2003. Vincor International Inc. purchases Kim Crawford Wines. Wines & Vines. July
1.
Walton, D. 1997. Vincor profit jumps 79%: Changing demographic tastes and new acquisitions
boost earnings. Globe and Mail. August 7.
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2002), Kim Crawford Wines (in 2003), and Western Wines (in 2004). Needless to say,
with every acquisition, Vincor’s debt increased. However, banks were willing to lend to
Vincor, as its revenues also increased with each acquisition (see Table 2).
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Canadian Wine
History
The history of Canadian wine industry dates back nearly two hundred years.
Wine entered Canada with Johann Schiller, a retired German corporal, who planted a
small vineyard, made wine, and sold it to his neighbors. From the middle of the
nineteenth century, small vineyards started to mushroom out along the Lake Erie coast up
to the Niagara Peninsula. The first vineyards in British Columbia were planted in the
1860s. In 1890, there were 41 commercial wineries in Canada; till then most of the
growth had happened in Ontario.
By 1997, Canada had over 110 licensed wineries. Presently, wine from locally
grown grapes is made in four provinces: Ontario, British Columbia, Québec and Nova
Scotia (small fruit wine operations exist in New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Prince
Edward Island) (see Table 3).
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Climate
Canada’s climate is much colder than that of other wine growing countries. The
quality of Canadian wines varies significantly from one vintage to another. The majority
of plantings in Ontario have been the winter-hardy North American labrusca varieties and
early-ripening, winter-resistant hybrids. Interestingly, Canada is also the home of the
icewine, made from grapes left to freeze on the vine and pressed in frozen state.
Icewine
Canada’s climate affords the unique weather conditions to produce icewine. The
basic ingredient of icewine is frozen grapes. According to VQA (Vintners Quality
Alliance) regulations, icewine grapes must be left to freeze on the vine and cannot be
artificially frozen later on. The naturally frozen grapes are painstakingly handpicked,
ideally at temperatures of 7 to 13 degrees Fahrenheit (i.e., never warmer than 17 degrees
Fahrenheit). To ensure the desired low temperatures, icewine grapes are sometimes
picked at night (see Figure 2).
The frozen grapes are pressed in the extreme cold as well. This way, the water in
the juice remains frozen as ice crystals, and only a few drops of sweet concentrated juice
is extracted. This concentrated juice is then fermented slowly till the fermentation
process stops naturally after several months. The natural freezing and thawing of the
grapes intensify the flavors and add complexity to icewine. Since its inception, Vincor
has been the principal producer of Canada’s icewine, selling it under the name of
Inniskillin (see Figure 3). In 1991, the ‘1989 Inniskillin’ was awarded Bordeaux’s
Vinexpo Fair's highest prize, Le Grand Prix d'Honneur. Sold in over 50 countries,
Inniskillin has become the premier icewine brand of the world (Shareowner, 2004).
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could buy an array of Vincor wines belonging to three broad categories: popular-priced
(under $8), premium ($8 to $10), and super-premium wines ($10 to $18).
Vincor primarily sold its wines in Canada, the U.S., the U.K., and Australia. In
Canada, the company sold its wines through provincially regulated liquor stores. Also, in
Ontario, it owned a chain of 165 wine boutiques, where it carried all of its Ontario wines.
Given Vincor’s low level of integration, it is not surprising that its Ontario chain did not
carry its best selling wines from all around Canada or even the world, but rather from the
Ontario region only.
In the U.S., Vincor sold wines from not only R. H. Phillips and Hogue Cellars
(i.e., Vincor’s U.S. wineries), but also Canada, Australia, New Zealand (Shareowner,
2004), and South Africa (PR Newswire, 2005). Vincor initially relied on R. H. Phillips’
network of 90 distributors and a sales force of over 30 professionals to distribute and sell
its wines in the U.S. from all around the world (Canada NewsWire, 2000). Acquisition
of Hogue Cellars complemented its distribution network through R. H. Phillips. Vincor’s
U.S. sales soared in 2002, a year after its acquisition of Hogue Cellars. Besides Canada
and the U.S., Vincor also had its sales force working in the U.K. and Australia.
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References
Allday, E. 2000. Canadian wine seller to buy R. H. Phillips. Press Democrat. August 29.
Business Wire. 2001. New Phillips-Hogue Wine Company shows how family farms
succeed. August 10.
Canadian NewsWire. 2000. Vincor International Inc. completes tender offer for R. H.
Phillips, Inc.: Vincor becomes fourth largest North American winery. October 5.
Canadian NewsWire. 2001. Vincor International announces record first quarter results:
Quarter highlighted by strong contribution from R.H. Phillips acquisition and
steady growth in all Canadian markets. August 8.
Canadian Press. 2003. Wine producer Vincor earns $9.5M in Q1, up from $8.2M as
sales rise to $107M. August 7.
Globe and Mail. 1996. Profit to rise in 1996, Vincor says. September 18.
Investors Digest. 2001. Vincor captures Canada’s premium wine market. June 15.
Leong, M. 2002. Vincor buys Australian winemaker -- Ontario firm uncorks $53.7
million deal for Goundrey Wines. Toronto Star, October 10: D3.
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THE RISE AND FALL OF VINCOR
Market News Publishing. 2001. Vincor International Inc -– Acquisition of the Hogue
Cellars. August 8.
National Post (Canada). 2001. Vincor soars as winemaker eyes foreign markets: Returns
62% since august: Company funds expansion with long-term debt. July 5.
PR Newswire. 2005. Vincor USA is ready to conquer another New World frontier with
the upcoming launch of a South African wine called Kumala. April 25.
Shareowner. 2004. Vincor International Inc.: Good for your too. September/October.
Retrieved from: <http://www.shareowner.com/index.html>.
Walker, L. 2003. Vincor International Inc. purchases Kim Crawford Wines. Wines &
Vines. July 1.
Walton, D. 1997. Vincor profit jumps 79%: Changing demographic tastes and new
acquisitions boost earnings. Globe and Mail. August 7.
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