MTH285

Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
1. Consider the following system of equations
19 7 4
2 3 4 2
3 2
2 2
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
4 3 2
3 2 1

+ +
+
+




a. write the system of equations in Ax=b with x and b being column vectors (2)
Solution:
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
1
]
1

19
2
3
2
1 7 4 1
3 1 4 2
2 1 1 0
0 1 2 1
4
3
2
1
x
x
x
x
b. perform an elementary row operation that changes the value in

!1

(2)
Solution: Replace Row3 with Row3 2 x Row 1 =
1
1
1
1
]
1

19 1 7 4 1
6 3 3 0 0
3 2 1 1 0
2 0 1 2 1
c. e"press the response to part b. as an invertible elementary matri" (2)
Solution:
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1 2
1
1
Check

1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
1
]
1

1# 1 $ % 1
2 ! 1 % 2
! 2 1 1
2 1 2 1
1
1 2
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

19 1 7 4 1
6 3 3 0 0
3 2 1 1 0
2 0 1 2 1
d. write down the reduced row echelon form of the augmented matri"
[ ] b A
(2)
Solution:
1
1
1
1
]
1

3 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
2 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1
e. e"press the solution to the system in vector form. (2)
Solution:
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
1
]
1

3
1
2
1
4
3
2
1
x
x
x
x
MTH285
Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
2. &et A=
1
1
1
]
1

4 1 2
3 8 1
0 7 3
' (=
1
1
1
]
1

3 7
2 1
4 2
' C=
1
]
1

7 9 3 1 2
5 0 4 1 3
' )=
1
1
1
]
1

7 5 3
6 2 2
0 1 1
a. find A 3D (2)
Solution:
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

17 16 7
15 2 7
0 10 0
21 15 9
18 6 6
0 3 3
4 1 2
3 8 1
0 7 3
3D A
b. find AB by calculating [ ]
2 1
Ab Ab (2)
Solution:
[ ]
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

2 23
29 31
2 1
2
29
2
,
23
31
1
3
2
4
4 1 2
3 8 1
0 7 3
7
1
2
4 1 2
3 8 1
0 7 3
2 1 2 1
AB
Ab Ab Ab Ab AB
c. set up the augmented matri" to find
1

(!)
Solution: Augment A with a nxn identify matrix
1
1
1
]
1

1 0 0 4 1 2
0 1 0 3 8 1
0 0 1 0 7 3
d. find
1

(use calculator)
(!)
Solution:
1
1
1
]
1

177 . 097 . 086 .

051 . 069 . 057 .
120 . 160 . 200 .
MTH285
Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
!. &et A represent the coefficient matri" of a homogeneous system whose row
echelon form is the following*
1
1
1
1
]
1

0 0 0 0 0 0
4 9 1 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 1 0
2 0 1 0 3 1
a. find the number of equations and unknowns for the system (+)
Solution: Since A ha ! row and " column there are ! e#uation and "
unknown
b. solve the system in terms of the free variables (+)
Solution: $here are pi%ot in column 1& 2& and ! o 6 5 3
, , x and x x
are free'
MTH285
Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
( )
free x
free x
x x x
free x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x
=
=
=
=
=
=
= +
= + +
=
= + +
= + +
=
=
= + +
= +
=
6
5
6 5 4
3
6 5 2
6 5 1
6 5 1
6 5 6 5 1
6 5 2
6 5 2 1
6 6 5 2 1
6 6 5 2 1
6 5 4
6 5 4
6 5 2
6 4 2 1
4 9
4
5 3
0 5 3
0 2 9 4 3
4
0 2 9 3
0 2 4 9 3
0 2 ) 4 9 ( 3
4 9
0 4 9
0 4
0 2 3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

+
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

+
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
0
4
0
1
5
0
1
9
0
4
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
6 5 3
x x x
%. ,uppose that u = -+'. and v = -/!'%.
a. s0etch u+v (2)
Solution: u+v i the diagonal of the parallelogram formed (y the %ector u and
% originating at the origin
b. find a scalar c such that v+cu u (2)
Solution: Since u lie on the x)axi for a %ector to (e perpendicular to it& it mut
lie on the y)axi o we ha%e
[ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 0 , 5 4 , 0 0 , 5
5
3
4 , 3 :
5
3
, 3 5 0 5 3 4 , 0 0 , 5 4 , 3
= +
= = = + = +
Check
c c c c
MTH285
Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
c. find the area of the rectangle formed by u and v+cu (!)
Solution: $he area of the rectangle i !*+, = 2-
d. let A = - u v.' find det A (!)
Solution:
2 ! % +
%
! +

1
]
1

) )( ( ) ( ) (
+. Consider the set of vectors

'

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

,
0
1
2
,
6
5
4
,
3
2
1

a. show that the set is linearly de!endent (+)
Solution: Con%ert the %ector to a matrix A =
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

0 0 0
1 1 0
2 0 1
) (
0 6 3
1 5 2
2 4 1
A rref
Since the matrix doe not ha%e a pi%ot in e%ery column the et i linearly
dependent
b. find 3 2 1
, , c c c
not all equal to such that
0
3 3 2 2 1 1
+ +
(+)
Solution: .rom the row reduced A we ha%e
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

+
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

0
0
0
0
1
2
6
5
4
3
2
1
2
0 2
1
1
2
1
2
3 2 1
3
2
1
3
3
3 2
3 1
v v v
x
x
x
x
free x
x x
x x
1. A matri" A is idem!otent if
A A
2
. ,how that if A is idem!otent and
invertible then A =
n
/ . (1)
Solution: Suppoe that A i idempotent and in%erti(le
( ) I A I AA A I A AA AA A AA A AA A A = = = = = = =

) ( ) (
1 1 1 1 2
$. ,uppose that u' v' and w are three vectors in
3
. ,how that the set of vectors
2v u' w v' u w3 is a linearly de!endent set. (1)
MTH285
Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
Solution: .or the %ector u& %& and w to (e dependent then there mut exit
contant 3 2 1
, , c c c
of which all are not 0ero uch that
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 1
3 2
3 2
2 1
3 1
3 2 2 1 3 1
3 3 2 2 1 1
3 2 1
0
0
0
0
0
c c c
c c
c c
c c
c c
c c w c c v c c u
w c u c v c w c u c v c
w u c v w c u v c
= =
=
=
=
= +
+ + +
= + +
= + +
4. Consider the mapping
m n
T : . 5"press the two !ro!erties required for all
u and v
n
for 6 to be a linear transformation. (1)
Solution:
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) (
u cT cu T
v T u T v u T

+ +
#. Consider the linear transformation
2 3
: such that
( )
3 2 1 3 2 1
, 3 ) , , ( x x x x x x T + =
a. find the standard matrix A for this transformation where
Ax x T ) (
(%)
Solution:
1
]
1

1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
]
1

,
_

,
_

1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1 1 0
0 0 3 3
1 1 0
0 0 3 3
3 2
1
3
2
1
3 2
1
3
2
1
A
x x
x
x
x
x
A
x x
x
x
x
x
T
b. find 6

,
_

1
1
1
]
1

3
2
1
. (2)
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
]
1

,
_

1
1
1
]
1

5
3
3
2
1
1 1 0
0 0 3
3
2
1
T
c. is 6 "#"7 8ustify answer (2)
Solution: Since A doe not ha%e a pi%ot in e%ery column& $ i not 1)1
d. is 6 onto7 8ustify answer (2)
Solution: Since A ha a pi%ot in e%ery row & $ i onto
1. &et
1
]
1

C
B
A
0
0
where B is m " m and $ is n " n 9ind
1

(1)
Solution: 1y definition of in%ere we ha%e
1
]
1

1
]
1

1
]
1

I
I
Z Y
X W
C
B
0
0
0
0
MTH285
Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
1
]
1

1
1
1 1 1
0
0
, 0 , 0 ,
, 0 , 0 ,
C
B
A C Z Y X B W
I CZ CY BX I BW
11. Construct % " ! matrices A and ( in reduced row echelon form such that Ax = has
only the trivial solution and (x = has nontrivial solutions. (1)
Solution:
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
1
]
1

0 0 0
0 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
,
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
B A
12. ,olve the following system of equations using $ramer%s &ule.
1
5 2
2 1
2 1
+
+


(1)
Solution: Cramer2 Rule ue determinant
1
]
1

1
]
1

1
]
1

1
]
1

1
]
1

2
1
2
3
6
det
) ( det
1
3
3
det
) ( det
1 1
5 1
) ( ,
1 1
2 5
) ( ,
1 1
2 1
2
1 2
2
1
1
2 1
x
x
A
b A
x
A
b A
x
b A b A A
1!. &et A and ( be ' x ' matrices such that det A = /+ and det ( = !. 9ind
a.
) det( AB
(!)
Solution: det*A1,=*det A,*det 1,=*)+,*3,=)1+
b.
) 3 det( B
(!)
Solution det*31, = 243 ) 3 ( 81 ) det( 81 ) det( 3
4

c. ) det(
2
B A (%)
Solution: 75 ) 3 )( 5 )( 5 ( ) det( ) det( ) det( ) det(
2

1%. Consider the matri"
1
1
1
]
1

3 1 0
2 2 1
10 3 2
A
a. choose a row or column and calculate det A using cofactors (+)
Solution: Chooing the firt row
7 10 9 8
1 0
2 1
det ) 1 ( 10
3 0
2 1
det ) 1 ( 3
3 1
2 2
det ) 1 ( 2 det
det ) 1 ( det ) 1 ( det ) 1 ( det
3 1 2 1 1 1
13
3 1
13 12
2 1
12 11
1 1
11
+ +

+ +
+ + +
+ + +

b. find the cofactor 23
C
(+)
Solution:
( )
23 23
3 2
23
2
1 0
3 2
) 1 ( det 1 C A C = =

= =
+
1+. :lease refer to the network flow diagram on the other sheet
a. put the system in Ax = b format with x and b being column vectors (!)
MTH285
Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
Solution:
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
1
]
1

1+
#
%$+
12+
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
%
!
2
1
x
x
x
x
b. put the system in reduced row echelon form (!)
Solution:
1
1
1
1
]
1

# 1 1
1+ 1 1
%$+ 1 1
c. solve the system' include any restrictions on the un0nowns (%)
Solution:
1
1
1
1
]
1

+
1
1
1
1
]
1

#
1+
%$+
1
1
1
1
# 1+ %$+
%
% ! % 2 % 1 %
x
x x & x x & x x free x
3ow ince the num(er of car ha to (e non)negati%e then
%$+
%

11. ;efer to the current flow diagram on the other sheet.
a. set up the diagram as a system of equations in matrix form. (!)
Solution:
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

11
4

1 %
1 %
1 1 1
!
2
1
/
/
/
b. solve for ! 2 1
/ & / & /
(%)
Solution:
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

%
!
1
% 1
! 1
1 1
11 1 %
4 1 %
1 1 1
c. find the current (in amps) from ( to ) (!)
Solution: $he current from 1 to 4 i e#ual to
amp / %
!

1$. Consider an economy with the following input (rows) and output (columns)
matri" and final demand vector d=
1
1
1
]
1

000 , 25
000 , 30
000 , 20
.
1
1
1
1
]
1

50 . 0 00 . 0 25 . 0
15 . 0 60 . 0 25 . 0
20 . 0 10 . 0 50 . 0
Coal
Water
Elec
Coal Water Elec
C
.
a. e"press the model as a matrix equation involving $( x( and d. (!)
Solution: d C I x d x C I d Cx x d Cx x
1
) ( ) (

+
b. solve the e"pression in part a using an inverse matri". (!)
Solution:
MTH285
Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

765 , 111
118 , 194
529 , 123
000 , 25
000 , 30
000 , 20
50 . 0 00 . 0 25 . 0
15 . 0 40 . 0 25 . 0
20 . 0 10 . 0 50 . 0
1
3
2
1
x
x
x
c. find the additional amount of production from each sector if the final
demand of electricity is increased by one unit. (%)
Solution: $hi can (e found (y looking at the firt column of ( )
1
C I
( )
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

57 . 1
55 . 2
14 . 3
75 . 2 39 . 0 57 . 1
96 . 1 14 . 3 55 . 2
49 . 1 78 . 0 14 . 3
1
C I
o you need 3'1! more unit of
electricity& 2'++ unit of water and 1'+5 unit of coal to produce one more final
unit of electricity
14. Consider
1
1
1
]
1

8 11 4 3
2 4 1 1
4 3 2 1
A
.
a. find a basis for Col A (2)
Solution: $here are pi%ot in the firt two column o the firt three column of A are a
(ai for Col A )

'

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

4
1
2
,
3
1
1
span ColA
b. find a basis for ;ow A (2)
Solution: A (ai for Row A i the non0ero row of
rref*A,' So a (ai for Row A i ( ) ( ) { } 2 , 1 , 1 , 0 , 0 , 5 , 0 , 1 = span owA
c. find a basis for <ul A (!)
Solution: A (ai for 3ul A can (e found (y ol%ing the
homogeneou ytem Ax = -' So we ha%e

'

1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
1
]
1

1
0
2
0
,
0
1
1
5
2
5
4
3
4 3 2
3 1
span !ulA
free x
free x
x x x
x x

d. find a basis for <ul
$
A
(!)
Solution:

'

1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
1
]
1

1
2
1
2 ,
0 0 0
0 0 0
2 1 0
1 0 1
) (
3 2 3 1
T T
!ulA x x x x A rref
MTH285
Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
1#. ,how that the set of all 2 " 2 symmetric matrices ) (
T
A A is a subs!ace of
2 2x
" using the definition of subspace. (1)
Solution: 0 element' $he - matrix i ymmetric
Closure under addition: $ake A& 1 then ( )
T T T
B A B A B A + = + = + o A 6 1 i in the
et
Closure under scalar multiplication:
T T T
B B cA cA B cA B ' $hi reult
hold (ecaue the tranpoe of a calar i e#ual to itelf
2. Consider
x x f x x f ) ( 3 ) (
2 1 over the interval
] 2 , 2 [
a. show that
) (
1
x f
and
) (
2
x f
are linearly de!endent over -'2. (+)
Solution: $wo element are dependent if one i a contant multiple of another
Since
7 & 8 ,& x * f , x * f x , x * f & x , x * f x if & x x 2 ! !
2 1 2 1

b. show that
) (
1
x f
and
) (
2
x f
are linearly inde!endent over -/2'2.
(+)
Solution: 3ow when x 9 - then :x:=)x o o%er the inter%al 8)2&-,
, x * f , x * f
2 1
!
and o%er the inter%al 8-&27
, x * f , x * f
2 1
!
' $hu o%er the
inter%al 8)2&27 the function do not atify the ine#uality
, x * f , x * f
2 1
!
21. Consider the set of vectors = in
2
#
* { }
2 2
5 6 , 2 , 2 x x x x x Z + =
a. find a basis for the subspace of
2
#
generated by =
(+)
Solution: Con%erting to a matrix we ha%e
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
]
1

0 0 0
1 1 0
3 0 1
) (
1 1 0
5 2 1
6 0 2
Z rref Z
' So the firt two polynomial
{ }
2
2 2 x x ' x > > are independent thu form a (ai for ;'
b. find dim = (+)
Solution: Since the (ai conit of three polynomial the dim ; = 2
22. Consider the !arallelogram with the following points as vertices (/1'/1)' ('#)'
(12' /!)' and (14'12).
a. sketch the parallelogram (!)
b. using determinants find the area of the parallelogram ($)
Solution: Area of the parallelogram i e#ual to the a(olute %alue of the
determinant of the hifted coefficient' .irt hifting each x and y coordinate (y
"& we ha%e an ad<uted parallelogram of *-&-,& *"&1+,& *1=&3, and *2!&1=,' 3ow
MTH285
Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
taking two of the non0ero point we get
2+2 2$ 14
! 1+
14 1

1
]
1

i
the area of the parallelogram'
2!. A mar0et analysis of car purchasing trends in certain region has concluded that
a family purchases a new car once every three years. ?f the family currently has
a small car' then there will be an )*+ chance that they will replace it with
another small car. ?f the family has a large car' then there is a ,*+ chance
that they will replace with another large car.
a. find the transition matri" : for this -arkov $hain (!)
Solution:
1
1
1
]
1

e $
%mall
To &rom e $ %mall
#
arg 60 . 0 20 . 0
40 . 0 80 . 0
/ arg
b. suppose there are currently %' small cars and +' large cars' find
the !ro!ortions of small and large cars in four cycles. (!)
Solution:
1
]
1

1
]
1

1
]
1

!!#22
11#$4
+12 !
%44 +#
+
%

%
%
'
'
e arg l &
mall &
x > x
&
&
x
c. find the steady state vector for the !ro!ortion of small and large cars in
this region. (%)
1
1
]
1

1
]
1

1
]
1

1
]
1

3
1
3
2
1
2
2
0 0
2 1
40 . 0 20 . 0
40 . 0 20 . 0
0 ) ( 0
2 1
x x I # x I # x #x x #x
2+. &et { }
2 1
, v v be a basis for a vector space @. ,how that the set of vectors
{ }
2 1
, u u where
2 1 1
v v u
and
2 1 2
v v u +
is also a basis for @. (1)
Solution: >roof' ?et
{ }
2 1
, v v
be as basis for @. 6hus the span
{ }
2 1
, v v
= @ and the
vectors are linearly independent. ,ince all bases for @ also consist of two vectors all
that needs to be shown is that
{ }
2 1
, u u
is a linearly independent set. Assume that they
are not independent. 6hus one is a constant multiple of the other so
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 1
2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
1
1
1 1
v
c
c
v
c v c v v cv cv v v cv cv v v v c v v cu u

+
=
+ = + = + + = + = =

MTH285
Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
which is a contradiction since
{ }
2 1
, v v
are independent and thus not multiplies of each
other. 6hus
{ }
2 1
, u u
is a basis for @.
21. &et 3 4
: # # T
be defined by
' ) ( p p T
. 9ind the kernel of 6. (1)
Solution: $he kernel are the input that are mapped to the - %ector' So we want to
find fourth degree polynomial whoe deri%ati%e i -' @nly contant function ha%e a
deri%ati%e of 0ero thu
0
4
4
3
3
2
2 1 0 4
) ( c T 'er x c x c x c x c c # + + + + ince only
contant function ha%e a deri%ati%e of 0ero'
2$. &et A and ( be two matrices such that the product A( is defined. ,how that if
A has two identical rows then the corresponding two rows of A( are also
identical. (1)
Solution: Aithout lo of generality aume the firt two row of A are identical'
$hu the firt row of A1 i found (y multiplying the firt row of A (y 1
t
& 2
nd
& 3
rd

etc column of 1' 3ow the econd row of A1 i found (y multiplying the econd
row of A& which i identical to the firt row (y each column of 1' $hu the firt
two row of A1 will (e identical'
24. :rove that the set of all differentiable functions over the ;eals ()- .) is a
subs!ace of the vector space of all continuous functions over the
;eals (C- .). (1)
Solution: .irt the et of differentia(le function i a u(et of the et of
continuou function a not all continuou function are differentia(le *:x: at x =
-,'
[ ] 4
' f*x, = - i a differentia(le function
Cloed Bnder Addition $he um of two differentia(le function i differentia(le
Cloed Bnder Scalar Cultiplication A differentia(le function multiplied (y a
calar it i differentia(le'
Since the et ha thoe three propertie and i a u(et of the et of continuou
function& it i a u(pace of the %ector pace of continuou function'
2#. ,uppose A' (' and C are invertible matrices and . is a square matri" such
that A / B.$. :rove that . is invertible. (1)
Solution: @ne way to how A i in%erti(le i to how that it i a product of
in%erti(le matrice' 3ow ince A& 1& and C are in%erti(le we can rearrange
term a A AC 1 AC A 1 1AC A
1 1 1
' $hu A i a product of
in%erti(le matrice and A i in%erti(le'
!. Aive an e"ample of an infinite subset of vectors in
3
that contains the 0ero
vector but is 123 a subs!ace of
3
. (1)
MTH285
Exam 1
Due Wednesday, June 19, 2013
Name:
Solution: $ake

'

1
1
1
]
1

, eger *int ; c & ( & a &

c
(
a
A
' $hi et contain i infinite&
contain the 0ero %ector (ut i not a Su(pace of
3
as it is not closed under
scalar multiplication.